Hwang Woo-suk - Knowledge (XXG)

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Prosecutors are also accusing him of illegally paying some 38 million won to 25 women who provided ova for his research through Hanna Women's Clinic in the first eight months of 2005. They also said Hwang gave several dozen politicians about 55 million won in political funds on numerous occasions from 2001 to 2005. He allegedly provided 14 million won to executives of large companies that provided financial support for his research. The prosecution added Hwang wired about 200 million won to a Korean American, identified only as Kang, in September 2005 and received the equivalent amount in U.S. currency from him when the scientist visited the United States two months later. Also in 2005, Hwang received one billion won each in research funds from

917:, also misappropriated tens of millions of won in research money. Investigators have been tracking 24.6 billion won to find out how the research money was spent. It was part of Hwang's 36.9 billion won research funds raised through state support and private donations. Investigators said Hwang used bank accounts held by relatives and subordinates in 2002 and 2003 to receive about 475 million won from private organizations. He allegedly laundered the money by withdrawing it all in cash, breaking it up into smaller amounts and putting it back in various bank accounts. Hwang also withdrew 140 million won in August 2001 to buy gifts for his sponsors, including politicians and other prominent social figures, before 950:. Hwang claimed he and his team had extracted stem cells from cloned human embryos. However, further examination of the cells' chromosomes shows the same indicators of parthenogenesis in those extracted stem cells as are found in the mice created by Tokyo scientists in 2004. Although Hwang deceived the world about being the first to create artificially cloned human embryos, he did contribute a major breakthrough to the field of stem cell research. The process may offer a way for creating stem cells that are genetically matched to a particular woman for the treatment of degenerative diseases. 957:(ISC), a California-based stem cell research company, that they had successfully created the first human embryos through parthenogenesis. Although the actual results of Hwang's work were just published, those embryos were created by him and his team before February 2004, when the fabricated cloning results were announced, which would make them the first to successfully perform the process. Jeffrey Janus, president and director of research for ISC, agrees that "Dr. Hwang's cells have characteristics found in parthenogenetic cells" but remains cautious, saying "it needs more study." 828:

scandal. On December 23, the panel announced its initial finding that Hwang had intentionally fabricated stem cell research results creating nine fake cell lines out of eleven, and added that the validity of two remaining cell lines is yet to be confirmed. The panel stated that Hwang's misconduct is "a grave act damaging the foundation of science." Hwang's claim of having used only 185 eggs to create stem cell lines was also denied by the panel, which indicated that more eggs may have been used in the research process.

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research records kept in Hwang's lab. In addition, the panel discovered that Hwang's team was supplied with 2,061 eggs in the period of November 28, 2002, to December 8, 2005. Hwang's claim of not having known about the donation of eggs by his own female researchers was also denied by the panel; in fact, it was discovered that Hwang himself had distributed egg donation consent forms to his researchers and personally escorted one to the MizMedi Hospital to perform the egg extraction procedure.

346:, was instantly hailed as a breakthrough in biotechnology because the cells were allegedly created with somatic cells from patients of different age and gender, while the stem cell of 2004 was created with eggs and somatic cells from a single female donor. This meant every patient could receive custom-made treatment with no immune reactions. In addition, Hwang's claim meant that his team had boosted their success rate by 14 times and that this technology could be medically viable. 329:. Although Hwang had already established himself as an expert in animal cloning and secured celebrity status in South Korea in the late 1990s, his alleged sudden success came as a surprise because this was the first reported success in human somatic cell cloning. Until Hwang's claim, it was generally agreed that creating a human stem cell by cloning was next to impossible due to the complexity of primates. Hwang explained that his team used 242 eggs to create a single cell line. 847:(which is itself a significant development, as mammals rarely reproduce by parthenogenesis; in addition, this would make Hwang's lab the first ever to successfully generate human stem cells via parthenogenesis, predating other research facilities' successes). Although Hwang's team didn't rule out the possibility of parthenogenetic process in the paper, the panel said, his team didn't make any conscientious effort to probe the possibility through the tests available. 1128:(Korean: PD수첩) returned on air on January 3, 2006, and summarized the course of Hwang's scandal to date. The show had been cancelled under pressure after it broadcast its show on November 22 that accused Hwang of oddities in his research. The last show in 2005, aired on November 29, covered other topics. It remained off the air for five weeks. The second show in 2006, on January 10, dealt further with the Hwang affair, focusing on several instances of Hwang's 1168:"So far more than 700 South Korean women have pledged to donate their eggs and the number is steadily rising", said Lee Sun-min, an official at a private foundation launched last week to promote egg donations. Thousands of patients have applied to participate in the research, hoping the technology could help treat damaged spinal cords or diseases such as Parkinson's. On Tuesday, an official at the lab said it was hoped that Hwang would return. 496: 300:, also without providing any scientifically verifiable data. Despite the notable absence of any of the scientific data needed to probe the validity of the research, Hwang's several claims were well-received by the South Korean media and public, who were attracted by Hwang's claim of immeasurable economic prospect that his research was said to be promising. The claims of his research results resulted in him being awarded the 1305:, which in this case is December 15, 1952. This date is sometimes repeated in English-language media without specifying that it is in the Korean calendar, causing further confusion when the Gregorian year and Korean calendar month and day are used together to produce an incorrect birthdate of December 15, 1953. Sources specifying a December 15, 1952 birthdate include the 858:, as results from analyses of 27 markers that allowed distinguishing amongst extremely-inbred animals and of mitochondrial DNA sequencing indicated that Snuppy was a somatic cell clone of Tie (the dog who gave the somatic cells required for Snuppy, which were then inserted into the eggs of surrogate mothers whose nuclei had been removed), making Snuppy the first ever 1171:"We're waiting for Hwang to assume the leadership after some rest", Seong Myong-hoon told a news conference. But Seong said the controversy could hurt the lab. That conclusion was reached after one of Hwang's close research partners, Ahn Cu-rie, returned Tuesday after a 10-day trip to meet with scientists in the United States and Japan, Seong said. 625:

In 2016, Hwang's company was regularly cloning pigs which were genetically predisposed to certain diseases so that they could be used for testing pharmaceuticals, and cloning cattle which were highly valued for their meat. In total Sooam Biotech was reported to be producing roughly 500 cloned embryos

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On November 24, Hwang held a press conference in Seoul, in which he declared his intention of resigning from most of his official posts. He also apologized for his actions and said, "I was blinded by work and my drive for achievement." He denied coercing his researchers into donating eggs and claimed

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Seoul National University said Hwang's resignation request would not be accepted, citing a university regulation that dictates that an employee under investigation may not resign from a post, thus avoiding full retribution and possibly dismissal if found at fault, while benefiting from an honorable

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that Hwang ordered him to fabricate photos to make it appear there were 11 separate colonies from only three. University of Pittsburgh researcher Gerald Schatten has already asked that Science remove him as the senior author of the report, citing questions about the paper's accuracy. Seoul National

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reported that the scientist in 2006 had admitted faking his findings after questions of impropriety had emerged. He had his conviction upheld but his suspended sentence reduced by 6 months on 15 December 2010 by an appeals court in South Korea. In 2014, the South Korean Supreme Court upheld its 2010

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It was alleged that advisor Park Ki-young deliberately avoided to report Roh about details of Hwang's allegation for misconduct, while emphasizing a breach of journalist ethics by MBC. Park, after weeks of silence for her role in the controversy, announced her intent to resign from the advisor post

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paper. Ties with Park yielded a favorable environment for Hwang in the government, as a non-official group consisting of high-ranking government officials was created to support Hwang's research that includes not only Hwang and Park, but also Kim Byung-joon, Chief National Policy Secretary, and Jin

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Chung Myunghee, the head of the panel, said at a news conference that the panel was not in a position to investigate Hwang's claim of his stem cells having been switched with MizMedi's, but added that such a claim was incomprehensible when there were no data to prove any of the stem cells were ever

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An internal panel was set up in Seoul National University to investigate the allegation, and the probe was started on December 17, 2005. The panel sealed off Hwang's laboratory and conducted a thorough investigation, collecting testimonies from Hwang, Roh and other people who were involved with the

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in June 2005, which stated he had cloned 11 lines of embryonic stem cells. This caused furious backlash among many South Koreans, and the reaction only intensified when it was discovered that Kim Sun-Jong, one of Hwang's researchers from MizMedi, had been coerced by illegal means to testify against

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According to stem cell biologists, it might be possible to harness this ability to turn stem cells into a super "repair kit" for the body, theoretically to use stem cells to generate healthy tissue to replace that either damaged by trauma or compromised by disease. The many conditions and illnesses

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Hwang's intention to develop better technique for cloning was focused on stem cells because they are still at an early stage of development and retain the potential to turn into many different types of cell and when they divide, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become

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Hwang, Woo Suk; Roh, Sung Il; Lee, Byeong Chun; Kang, Sung Keun; Kwon, Dae Kee; Kim, Sue; Kim, Sun Jong; Park, Sun Woo; Kwon, Hee Sun; Lee, Chang Kyu; Lee, Jung Bok; Kim, Jin Mee; Ahn, Curie; Paek, Sun Ha; Chang, Sang Sik; Koo, Jung Jin; Yoon, Hyun Soo; Hwang, Jung Hye; Hwang, Youn Young; Park, Ye

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Hwang, Woo Suk; Ryu, Young June; Park, Jong Hyuk; Park, Eul Soon; Lee, Eu Gene; Koo, Ja Min; Jeon, Hyun Yong; Lee, Byeong Chun; Kang, Sung Keun; Kim, Sun Jong; Ahn, Curie; Hwang, Jung Hye; Park, Ky Young; Cibelli, Jose B.; Moon, Shin Yong (12 March 2004). "Evidence of a Pluripotent Human Embryonic

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in February 2004, in which he claimed to have cloned embryonic stem cells. Maria Biotech head Park Se-pill said, "Up until now, I have believed Hwang did derive cloned embryonic stem cells although he admitted to misconduct in his follow-up paper on patient-specific stem cells...Now, I am not sure

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investigative reporting show, raised the possibility of unethical conduct in the egg cell-acquiring process. Despite the factual accuracy of the report, news media as well as people caught up in nationalistic fervor in their unwavering support for Hwang asserted that criticism of Hwang's work was

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The panel, in conclusion, stated that Hwang's team intentionally fabricated the data in both the 2004 and the 2005 papers, as described by Myung Hee Chung (Head of Seoul National University's investigation) and that it was an act of "deception of the scientific community and the public at large".

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In its final report published on January 10, 2006, the panel reaffirmed its previous findings while announcing additional discoveries. The panel found out that, contrary to Hwang's claim of having used 185 eggs for his team's 2005 paper, at least 273 eggs were shown to have been used according to

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since apologizing in November 2005, for ethical lapses in human egg procurement for his research. The symbolic event was as a gesture from Hwang's supporters that says they intend to donate their eggs with 1,000 of their members after they took egg-donation pledges online via their website. "Dr.

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holidays, according to prosecutors. He also allegedly misappropriated around 26 million won in research funds in September 2004 to buy a car for his wife. Hwang is suspected of embezzling 600 million won, provided by a private foundation, on multiple occasions from 2001 to 2005 for personal use.

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forceful methods used to gather information from Hwang's former junior staff members, Roh said, "The disputes will be resolved gradually and naturally through following scientific research and study. We hope the ongoing disputes over Hwang's achievement will be settled without further trouble."

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journal published an article stating that Hwang had used eggs taken from two of his graduate students, based on an interview with one of the students. The article raised the question of whether the students might have been pressured to give eggs and thus whether such a donation would have been

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was possible and that he had the technology to do it, and if he were given six more months he could prove it. This is an extension of the ten days he said he needed to re-create the stem cells that he asked for back on December 16, 2005. Seoul prosecutors started a criminal investigation and

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On December 23, 2005, Hwang apologized for "creating a shock and a disappointment" and announced that he was resigning his position as professor at the university. However, Hwang maintained that patient-matched stem cell technology remained in South Korea, and his countrymen would see it.

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had not yet received an official request from Hwang to withdraw the paper, and it had refused to remove Schatten's name from the paper, stating, "No single author, having declared at the time of submission his full and complete confidence in the contents of the paper, can retract his name

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Despite Hwang's claim, in another press conference held only minutes later, Roh Sung-il rebutted Hwang's accusation, saying Hwang was blackmailing MizMedi and Kim Sun-jong. He maintained that at least nine of the eleven stem cell lines were fakes and that Hwang was simply untrustworthy.

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reaffirmed its unflinching support for Hwang and his research team. Roh said, "We'll continue to support Professor Hwang. We hope he will return to his research lab soon for the sake of people with physical difficulties and the public", according to presidential spokesman Kim Man-soo.

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confirmed that Snuppy was a clone. Since then Hwang and his associates have cloned many more dogs. In 2015, it was reported that Huang Woo-suk's company Sooam Biotech had produced 700 cloned puppies since 2005, with their owners paying about $ 100,000 each to have their dogs cloned.

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to use for research, said they had used the same technology to create batches of embryonic stem cells from nine patients. According to Hwang, the result was much more efficient than they had hoped. Hwang's integrity as a researcher was again put in doubt when it was revealed that

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television that Hwang had agreed to ask the journal Science to withdraw the paper, published in June to international acclaim. Roh was one of the co-authors of the article that detailed how individual stem cell colonies were created for 11 patients through cloning. Roh also told

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In the midst of national confusion, Hwang disappeared from public sight, to be hospitalized days later for alleged stress-related fatigue, while public opinion gradually began to turn against Hwang with even the major Korean companies who had withdrawn their support from

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Hwang. As a result, the scheduled broadcast was canceled and the network made a public apology to the nation, everyone more or less operating under the assumption that the show was at fault and not Hwang. Yet, other news outlets began to question Hwang's claims.

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from the ruling and opposition parties inaugurated a body to support Hwang Woo-suk. Members of the group, dubbed the "lawmakers' group supporting Professor Hwang Woo-suk", pledged to help Hwang continue his experiments in pursuit of a scientific breakthrough.

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Close scrutiny revealed that several of the photos of purportedly different cells were in fact photos of the same cell. Hwang responded that these additional photos were accidentally included and that there was no such duplication in the original submission to

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On January 11, 2006, the national post office stopped selling post stamps commemorating Hwang's research. The title of Supreme Scientist awarded to Hwang was revoked on March 21, 2006, after Hwang was dismissed from Seoul National University the day before.

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on December 16, one with Hwang, followed by one with his former colleague, Roh Sung-il. Hwang started his press conference by claiming that the technology to make stem cells existed—not an explicit denial that the stem cell lines he used in his paper to

902:. Prosecutors also brought fraud charges against the three stem cell researchers. He embezzled 2.8 billion won (US$ 3 million) out of some 40 billion won in research funds, for personal purposes and the illegal purchase of ova used in his experiments. 543:

and that probability for success can be better than 1 in 277 attempts (as in similar cases such as Dolly). Hwang was the first in the world to clone a dog, an Afghan hound called Snuppy in 2005. He described his procedure for cloning in the journal

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On January 20, 2006, Hwang maintained that two of his 11 forged stem cell lines had been maliciously switched for cells from regular, not cloned, embryos. The allegation involves the lines Hwang claims to have created at Seoul-based MizMedi Hospital.

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Reps. Song Young-sun and Chin Soo-hee of the GNP said they would provide their eggs to Hwang's research team. Meanwhile, the ruling and opposition parties called on the Korean Broadcasting Commission to thoroughly investigate the staffers of MBC's

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issues. On June 18, 2004, Roh awarded Hwang a medal and said, "it is not possible nor desirable to prohibit research, just because there are concerns that it may lead to a direction that is deemed unethical." In another instance at the opening of

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guidelines and come up with supporting measures for biotechnology researchers in the country. Among those who had joined the group were Reps. Kim Hyuk-kyu, Kim Young-choon and Kim Sung-gon of the ruling party, Kim Hyong-o of the main opposition

404:, held a news conference on November 21. During the conference, Roh admitted that he had paid women US$ 1,400 each for donating their eggs which were later used in Hwang's research. Roh claimed Hwang was unaware of this, while the South Korean 408:

asserted that no laws or ethical guidelines had been breached as there were no commercial interests involved. Hwang maintained that he was unaware that the eggs had been obtained via these methods, but regardless resigned from his post at the

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In mid-December, co-author of Hwang's papers came forward, telling the media that Hwang had confessed to fabricating evidence for nine of the eleven cell lines. He (Dr Roh Il-Sung) reportedly said he had doubts about the remaining two lines.

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The panel announced additional findings on December 29, and confirmed that no patient-matched embryonic stem cells existed, and that Hwang's team did not have the scientific data to prove any of the stem cells had ever been made.

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violations. Colleagues and media outlets asserted that he had paid female donors for egg donations and that he had received donations from two junior researchers, both of which were violations. Later controversies centered around

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researcher who had worked with Hwang for two years, made the surprise announcement that he had ceased his collaboration with Hwang. In an interview, Schatten commented that "my decision is grounded solely on concerns regarding

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in February 1999. His alleged success was touted as the fifth instance in the world in cow cloning, with a notable caveat: Hwang failed to provide scientifically verifiable data for the research, giving only media sessions and

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Following on the earlier success, on August 3, 2005, Hwang announced that his team of researchers had become the first team to successfully clone a dog, which was independently verified through genetic testing. The dog, an

1174:"The reaction of foreign scientists was that they understand what Dr. Hwang disclosed, but they cannot accept that without criticism", Seong said. "We can never be optimistic about cooperation with foreign institutions." 230:

reported on June 10, 2007, that Seoul National University fired him, and the South Korean government canceled his financial support and barred him from engaging in stem cell research. Hwang was sentenced to a two years

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research and even called the "Pride of Korea". However, he became infamous around November 2005 for fabricating a series of stem cell experiments that were published in high-profile journals, the case known as the

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were fakes. He, however, acknowledged the falsifications of research data in the paper, attributing them to unrecoverable "artificial mistakes". He said that there was a problem with the original lines caused by

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that he found out about the situation only after it had occurred. He added that he had lied about the source of the eggs donated to protect the privacy of his female researchers, and that he was not aware of the

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After having acquired a celebrity status in South Korea, Hwang actively sought to establish every possible tie to political and economic institutions in the country. Hwang especially tried to win favor from the

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Somatic cell nuclear transfer can create clones for both reproductive and therapeutic purposes. The diagram depicts the removal of the donor nucleus for schematic purposes; in practice the whole donor cell is

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tactics. It also covered the unwillingness on the part of a significant part of the public in South Korea to believe that someone who had almost achieved a status of a national hero committed such a shame.

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reportedly now less than pleased with Hwang. Days later, Hwang started going to his laboratory while requesting Seoul National University to officially conduct a probe to the allegations surrounding him.

213:. Although he denied the charges at first, Hwang admitted the allegations were true in November 2005. Shortly after this, data from his human cloning experiments was revealed to have been falsified. 715:

The scandal took a dramatic turn on December 15, when Roh Sung-il, who had collaborated on the disputed paper, stated to media outlets that nine of those eleven lines had been faked; specifically,

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Seong added: "Researchers of our country were newly awakened to the fact that we have to take every precaution to ensure we don't fall behind international ethics (guidelines) while researching."

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Hwang's team announced an even greater achievement a year later in May 2005, and claimed they had created 11 human embryonic stem cells using 185 eggs. His work, published in the June 17 issue of

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Since the controversy, Hwang has maintained a relatively low profile, but continues to work in scientific fields. As of September 2020, he worked at the Sooam Bioengineering Research Institute in

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Hwang approached Park Ki-young, a former biology professor, then appointed as the Information, Science and Technology Advisor for the President, and put her as one of the co-authors in his 2004

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On February 9, 2006, the university suspended Hwang's position as a professor, together with six other faculty members who participated in Hwang's team; Hwang was dismissed on March 20, 2006.

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and the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation based on his fabricated stem cell research results. Meanwhile, investigators said Lee Byeong-chun and Kang Sung-keun, both professors of

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Hwang will not be able to return to the lab, at least, until at the end of this week because he is extremely exhausted, mentally and physically", a key team member, Ahn Cu Rie, wrote in an

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On December 29, 2005, the university determined that all 11 of Hwang's stem cell lines were fabricated. The university announced on January 10, 2006, that Hwang's 2004 and 2005 papers in

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In 2015, the Chinese company BoyaLife announced that in partnership with the Hwang Woo-suk's company Sooam Biotech, they were planning to build a 200 million RMB (about US$ 32 million)

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to remove his name from the paper, stating as a reason that there were "allegations from someone involved with the experiments that certain elements of the report may be fabricated."

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The stem cell research center that Hwang led before resigning said it hoped he would return, even though his lapses could hurt its efforts to work with other research institutions.

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television that Hwang had pressured a former scientist at his lab to fake data to make it look like there were 11 stem cell colonies. In a separate report, a former researcher told

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at Seoul National University, embezzled about 300 million won and 100 million won each in state funds by inflating research-related expenses. Yoon Hyun-soo, a biology professor at

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The same day many South Korean citizens rallied outside Hwang's laboratory; as more than 1,000 women pledged to donate their eggs for the scientist's research. Hwang has been in

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Soo; Oh, Sun Kyung; Kim, Hee Sun; Park, Jong Hyuk; Moon, Shin Yong; Schatten, Gerald (17 June 2005). "Patient-Specific Embryonic Stem Cells Derived from Human SCNT Blastocysts".

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After most of Hwang's claims were confirmed to be false on January 10, 2006, some lawmakers revealed that Hwang had made several campaign donations to them and other lawmakers.

308:. Until 2004, Hwang's main area of research remained in creating genetically modified livestock that included cows and pigs. During that period, Hwang claimed to have created a 3117: 1340: 1093:

Some female lawmakers participated in a civic group for voluntary egg donations for therapeutic research, which opened in November 2005 following the egg procurement scandal.

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on October 19, 2005, Roh remarked, "politicians have a responsibility to manage bioethical controversies, not to get in the way of this outstanding research and progress."

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to apologize for the fiasco, but did not admit to cheating. Instead, he blamed other members of his research project for having deceived him with false data and alleged a

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magazine named Hwang one of its "People Who Mattered 2004", stating that Hwang "has already proved that human cloning is no longer science fiction, but a fact of life."

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government, which in turn was suffering from a lack of popular support and wanted to demonstrate its competency by creating and promoting an exemplary policy success.

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On July 26, 2006, Hwang said in testimony that he spent part of 500 million won in private donations in attempts to clone extinct Russian mammoths and Korean tigers.

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133 million project in the North African country to build a stem cell research center and transfer relevant technology. The project was canceled due to the

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in 2005, support for Hwang came in full swing. In June 2005, the Ministry of Science and Technology selected Hwang as the first recipient of the title

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On August 2, 2007, after much independent investigation, it was revealed that Hwang's team succeeded in extracting cells from eggs that had undergone

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backed by Hwang's supporters began taking egg-donation pledges online since late November 2005 after Hwang resigned all his official posts at

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in March 2011 using domestic dogs and grey wolves as surrogate mothers. However no mammoth sample fit for cloning had been found as of 2015.

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puppy from a pet dog that had been dead for 12 days. This was the first time they had cloned a dog that had been dead for such a long time.

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begins when an egg is taken from a donor and the nucleus is removed from the egg, creating an enucleated egg. A cell, which contains

2649:"Summary of the Final Report on Professor Woo Suk Hwang's Research Allegations by Seoul National University Investigation Committee" 2853: 1294:

Sources disagree on the birthdate due to confusion between different calendar systems. Hwang was born on January 29, 1953, in the

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President Roh had been acquainted with Hwang since 2003, and made a number of comments intended to protect him from potential

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On November 22, 2016, Hwang received a certificate of patent on NT-1 technology from the Korean Intellectual Property Office.

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and their family members, who hoped that Hwang's research would eventually lead to cures, and young, healthy women.

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Hwang first caught media attention in South Korea when he announced he had successfully created a cloned dairy cow,

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paper was also fabricated and decided the stem cell discussed in the paper may have been generated by a case of

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In February 2004, Hwang and his team announced that they had successfully created an embryonic stem cell by the

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to produce 100,000 cloned cattle per year to supply China's growing market for quality beef, starting in 2016.

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In March 2012, it was announced that Hwang would collaborate with Russian scientists in an attempt to clone a

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accused Hwang of having committed ethical violations by using eggs from his graduate students and from the

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to clone dogs during his experiments throughout the early 2000s. He claimed that it was possible to clone

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Gottweis, Herbert; Triendl, Robert (February 2006). "South Korean policy failure and the Hwang debacle".

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like "Please come back, Doctor Hwang. I'm already dying to see you, Professor Hwang", were put up on the

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Chair Professor worth US$ 1.5 million, secured more than US$ 27 million worth of support in that year.

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However, the panel confirmed that Hwang's team had actually succeeded in cloning a dog they named

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The site also carried a photo of Hwang and his cloned dog, Snuppy, trimmed with images of the

1159: 1154:. At Hwang's lab at Seoul National University, women left bouquets of the national flower, a 1003: 778: 736: 679: 462: 325: 256: 193: 167:, born January 29, 1953) is a South Korean veterinarian and researcher. He was a professor of 2983: 1501: 450:

were both fabricated. Following on the confirmation of scientific misconduct, on January 11,

3038: 2752: 2702: 2627: 2249: 2241: 2192: 2135: 2048: 1969: 1961: 1892: 1873: 1823: 1804: 1597: 1593: 1565: 1473: 1424: 1266: 768: 458: 333: 2315: 1950:"Commentary: Fraudulent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research in South Korea: Lessons Learned" 2586: 2502: 2483: 2101: 1718: 1694: 1531: 1302: 1074:

said in a news conference at the National Assembly, who was also the leader of the group.

947: 910: 844: 808:

University announced this week it would conduct an internal probe into Hwang's research."

753: 727:

to withdraw the paper. Adding fuel to the fire, MBC broadcast the content of the canceled

509: 384: 358: 226: 160: 2779: 2291: 1314: 396:(egg) donations in Hwang's research reported in 2004." Following an intense media probe, 2748: 2698: 2237: 2188: 2131: 1869: 1800: 1469: 1420: 495: 296:. Hwang's next claim came in April 1999, when he announced the cloning of a Korean cow, 3019:

Final report published by Seoul National University Investigation Committee (in Korean)

2405: 2254: 2221: 1974: 1949: 1506: 1271: 1238: 905:

The prosecution also said Hwang's three associates involved in his stem cell research,

627: 597: 353: 313: 312:-resistant cow (which has not been verified), and also stated his intention to clone a 168: 2797: 2517: 2017: 1360: 3061: 2685:

Cyranoski, David (January 2006). "Verdict: Hwang's human stem cells were all fakes".

1030: 586: 570: 172: 235:

at the Seoul Central District Court on 26 October 2009, after being found guilty of

2157: 1243: 972: 891: 757: 651: 367: 305: 236: 224:

law violations after it emerged much of his stem cell research had been faked. The

217: 210: 185: 179:

until he was dismissed on March 20, 2006. He was considered a pioneering expert in

58: 626:

a day from various species. They were also reported to be attempting to clone the

1760: 1556: 619: 590: 471: 379:

Shortly after his groundbreaking 2005 work, Hwang was appointed to head the new

66: 20: 2729: 1965: 1218: 1203: 1067: 953:

The news of the breakthrough came just a month after an announcement from the

749: 466: 205:. However, soon after the first paper was released, an article in the journal 2384:"This Korean lab has nearly perfected dog cloning, and that's just the start" 1601: 2914: 2052: 1896: 1877: 1827: 1808: 1207: 1078: 1071: 1014: 1006:, an honor worth US$ 15 million. Hwang, having already claimed the title of 895: 784: 578: 221: 180: 3050: 2764: 2714: 2263: 2206: 2149: 2060: 1983: 1904: 1885: 1835: 1816: 1579: 1487: 1438: 811:

Some scientists have started questioning Hwang's earlier work published in

983:

Dae-je, Information and Communications Minister. The group was dubbed as "

677:

had scheduled a follow-up report questioning his achievement published in

1155: 1142: 1059: 923: 716: 582: 293: 3042: 2332:"British couple celebrate after birth of first cloned puppy of its kind" 2278:

South Korea Training Cloned Sniffer Dogs to Track Down Drugs, Explosives

2245: 2197: 2172: 1225: 1193: 1151: 1124: 988: 601: 540: 490: 418: 276: 272: 202: 128: 113: 110: 107: 2079: 1570: 1551: 1184:

at the university. The woman also pledged to sell her eggs to Hwang.

1147: 918: 855: 695:

Researchers raised questions about striking similarities between the

669: 657: 656:

Until late November 2005, Hwang was criticized only for unpublicized

605: 574: 521: 393: 372: 268: 252: 83: 2756: 2706: 2140: 2115: 1478: 1453: 1429: 1404: 2816:"A charge of fraud, Lee byung-chun, Kang sung-geun, Yoon hyun-soo" 2643: 2641: 1948:

Resnik, David B.; Shamoo, Adil E.; Krimsky, Sheldon (April 2006).

1007: 934:, also embezzled 58 million won from the research fund managed by 631: 504:

In the late 1990s, the method that scientists used in cloning was

494: 279:

per year to meet the increasing demand for quality beef in China.

240: 99: 197:

in 2004 and 2005, where he reported he had succeeded in creating

3004: 2290:

Marquez, Miguel; Nalty, Ariane; Ibanga, Imaeyen (May 21, 2008).

1594:

Hwang Convicted But Dodges Jail; Stem Cell Research Has Moved On

1405:"Korea's stem-cell stars dogged by suspicions of ethical breach" 639: 2456:"Inside the cloning factory that creates 500 new animals a day" 2292:"Cloning Man's Best Friend: How Far Would You Go to Keep Fido?" 1714:"Disgraced Cloning Scientist Had High Hopes for Libya Contract" 1224:

Those who applied to donate ova included people with incurable

260: 191:

Hwang was best known for two articles published in the journal

1181: 992: 859: 794:"Roh Sung-il, chairman of the board at Mizmedi Hospital, told 720: 696: 517: 244: 699:

of the cloned cells. Then collaborator Gerald Schatten asked

1379:"Researcher Faked Evidence of Human Cloning, Koreans Report" 561:

that may eventually be treated by stem cell therapy include

548:. Researchers from the Seoul National University and the US 349:

Hwang made further headlines in May 2005 when he criticized

275:. The factory would aim to produce up to one million cattle 2778:

Fairclough, Gordon; Regalado, Antonio (December 24, 2005).

2039:

Kennedy, Donald (20 January 2006). "Editorial Retraction".

1298:. However, older Koreans often list their birthdate in the 1217:, South Korea's national flower, in an apparent appeal for 323:

method, and published their paper in the March 12 issue of

2854:"Korean Cloned Human Cells Were Product of "Virgin Birth"" 2668:"Korean Cloned Human Cells Were Product of 'Virgin Birth'" 2222:"Molecular genetics: DNA analysis of a putative dog clone" 1999:"South Korean Researcher Is Said to Admit Stem Cell Fakes" 2173:"Molecular genetics: Verification that Snuppy is a clone" 2104:

BBC News Science and Environment, Retrieved 10 April 2014

535:

Hwang allegedly used this technique at his laboratory in

142: 2537:"Researcher tries to distance himself from cloning work" 271:, to open the world's largest animal cloning factory in 2875:‘제1호 최고과학자’에 황우석 교수 : 과학 : IT과학 : 인터넷한겨레 1614:"Disgraced cloning researcher convicted in South Korea" 1162:, for the scientist along with notes of encouragement. 557:

another type of cell with a more specialized function.

2831:"Stem cell fraudster made 'virgin birth' breakthrough" 2780:"Fraud Allegations Deal New Setback To Cloning Effort" 2220:

Parker, H. G.; Kruglyak, L.; Ostrander, E. A. (2006).

508:, which is the same procedure that was used to create 991:

made from member's family names, which means "golden

304:

by the Korea Science Journalists Association and the

2360:

Clover, Charles; Cookson, Clive (24 November 2015).

1452:

Cyranoski, David and Erika Check (1 December 2005).

2910:"Cheong Wa Dae reaffirms support for Hwang Woo-suk" 1236:In June 2023, Netflix released a documentary film, 719:illustrated that those nine lines shared identical 136: 122: 98: 82: 77: 41: 34: 3103:People involved in scientific misconduct incidents 2730:"Verdict: Hwang's human stem cells were all fakes" 2449: 2447: 2445: 2361: 1787:Stem Cell Line Derived from a Cloned Blastocyst". 1398: 1396: 1221:. The national anthem played as background music. 890:On May 12, 2006, Hwang was indicted on charges of 634:, of which there only about 2,500 adults, and the 454:unconditionally retracted both of Hwang's papers. 400:, one of Hwang's close collaborators and head of 356:'s policy on embryonic stem cell research. Also, 2559:"Cloning pioneer to withdraw paper, doctor says" 2498:"Hwang Woo-suk to Join Cloning Factory in China" 1339:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 2606:"Disgraced Hwang Tried to Clone Mammoth, Tiger" 1320:"The Korean Academy of Sciences and Technology" 2486:February 5, 2015 (retrieved September 6, 2015) 816:whether the cloned stem cell really existed." 16:Discredited South Korean scientist (born 1953) 2933:Page Error : 찾으시는 Page의 URL이 잘못되었거나 없습니다 1739:"Disgraced clone expert set for big comeback" 1637:"South Korean Court Reduces Hwang's Sentence" 1527:"Hwang Woo-suk to Resume Cell Cloning Abroad" 1502:"Disgraced Korean Cloning Scientist Indicted" 8: 2326: 2324: 2078:. NBC News. Associated Press. Archived from 1690:"Hwang Claims to Have Cloned Pig Stem Cells" 1315:Encyclopædia Britannica (via New York Times) 604:. He had previously successful cloned eight 105: 89: 3118:Academic staff of Seoul National University 2406:"Mammoth Task: Plan To Clone Ice Age Beast" 1552:"Woo Suk Hwang convicted, but not of fraud" 692:. This was later confirmed by the journal. 638:, which is classified as vulnerable by the 2984:"Disgraced stem cell pioneer seen as hero" 2428:"Will Resurrecting a Mammoth Be Possible?" 2421: 2419: 2377: 2375: 2373: 1596:Science Vol. 326. no. 5953, pp. 650 – 651 1322:. Archived from the original on 2007-05-19 1077:He said the group would seek to establish 31: 2363:"China raises steaks in cloning research" 2310: 2308: 2253: 2196: 2139: 2018:"University: Hwang Lied About Stem Cells" 1973: 1569: 1477: 1428: 1349:states the birthdate is January 29, 1953. 239:and bioethical violations but cleared of 823:Official probe and confirmation of fraud 748:Several prominent scientists, including 216:On May 12, 2006, Hwang was charged with 3024:English summary of the SNU final report 2829:Williams, Christoper (August 3, 2007). 2582:"Hwang's 2004 Paper May Be Fabrication" 2565:. Associated Press. December 15, 2005. 1287: 1277:List of scientific misconduct incidents 1263:, including a list of science scandals. 1086:(GNP) and Kim Hak-won, chairman of the 731:show, which substantiated Roh's claim. 668:His team, which cloned the first human 2496:Daily, The Chosun (25 February 2024). 2116:"Dogs cloned from adult somatic cells" 2102:China cloning on an 'industrial scale' 1332: 1037:While implying the controversies over 870:Resignation and the official dismissal 3108:Science and technology in South Korea 2355: 2353: 1765:Korea Science Journalists Association 1635:Vogel, Gretchen (December 16, 2010). 998:After Hwang's paper was published in 886:Indictment of Hwang and collaborators 618:In 2015, Sooam Biotech cloned a male 7: 3148:21st-century South Korean scientists 2728:Cyranoski, David (12 January 2006). 1737:Chang May Choon (30 November 2015). 1550:Cyranoski, David (26 October 2009). 1359:Scanlon, Charles (13 January 2006). 1242:which covered Hwang Woo-suk and the 484: 2518:"S Korea stem cell success 'faked'" 1925:. December 27, 2004. Archived from 1361:"Korea's national shock at scandal" 1256:List of geneticists and biochemists 1058:On December 6, 2005, a group of 43 955:International Stem Cell Corporation 839:The panel stated that Hwang's 2004 2918:. December 6, 2005. Archived from 2798:"S Korea cloning expert suspended" 2318:The Times, Retrieved 10 April 2014 2316:Mini Winnie, UK’s first cloned pup 1510:. Associated Press. May 12, 2006. 1454:"Clone star admits lies over eggs" 745:unilaterally, after publication." 457:On January 12, 2006, Hwang held a 14: 2580:Kim Tae-gyu (December 19, 2005). 2535:Elias, Paul (December 14, 2005). 2454:Zastrow, Mark (8 February 2016). 2280:Fox News, Retrieved 10 April 2014 2100:Shukman, David (14 January 2014) 2076:"S. Korea widens stem cell probe" 1997:Brown, David (27 February 2024). 1592:Normile, Denis (30 October 2009) 3133:People convicted of embezzlement 3113:Seoul National University alumni 2994:from the original on 2012-02-24. 2864:from the original on 2014-05-03. 2841:from the original on 2007-12-23. 2804:from the original on 2012-08-03. 2628:"New blow to S Korea clone work" 2569:from the original on 2014-05-03. 2547:from the original on 2014-05-03. 2524:from the original on 2013-05-06. 2438:from the original on 2013-04-23. 2412:from the original on 2013-04-01. 2382:Baer, Drake (8 September 2015). 2028:from the original on 2014-05-03. 2016:Lim, Bo-Mi (December 29, 2005). 1726:from the original on 2011-03-03. 1702:from the original on 2011-04-25. 1647:from the original on 2014-01-07. 1624:from the original on 2014-01-07. 1539:from the original on 2009-02-10. 1514:from the original on 2013-06-29. 1389:from the original on 2014-05-03. 1367:from the original on 2009-02-06. 1029:stirred a national controversy, 2666:Minkel, J. R. (2 August 2007). 2612:. July 26, 2006. Archived from 2426:Woo, Jaeyeon (March 13, 2012). 1688:Kim Tong-hyung (May 15, 2009). 1669:from the original on 2014-03-14 1659:"The wages of scientific fraud" 1403:Cyranoski, David (6 May 2004). 2886:정부 98년 이후 황우석 지원금 658억원 - 조선닷컴 2171:Bin Lee, J.; Park, C. (2006). 2114:Hwang WS, et al. (2005). 2074:Bo-Mi Lim (January 20, 2006). 106: 90: 1: 2897:'황우석 광풍', '노 대통령의 입'이 자초한 일이다 2852:Minkel, JR (August 2, 2007). 2366:. FinancialTimes. p. 10. 2314:Whipple, Tom (10 April 2014) 1525:Cho Jin-seo (June 10, 2007). 550:National Institutes of Health 506:somatic cell nuclear transfer 321:somatic cell nuclear transfer 2408:. Sky News. March 13, 2012. 1070:Kwon Sun-taik of the ruling 894:and breach of the country's 760:, a cloning expert based in 524:, which is implanted into a 485:Hwang's laboratory technique 1025:On December 5, 2005, after 302:Scientist of the Year Award 143: 129: 3164: 2520:. BBC. December 15, 2005. 1954:Accountability in Research 1919:"People Who Mattered 2004" 1054:Supporting lawmakers group 649: 488: 199:human embryonic stem cells 63:South Chungcheong Province 18: 2982:Wing (December 2, 2005). 2800:. BBC. 10 February 2006. 2653:Seoul National University 1966:10.1080/08989620600634193 613:factory in Tianjin, China 233:suspended prison sentence 177:Seoul National University 164: 150: 73: 2477:"Когда вернутся мамонты" 1602:10.1126/science.326_650a 1137:Rallies supporting Hwang 1120:investigative journalism 1088:United Liberal Democrats 762:Worcester, Massachusetts 402:MizMedi Women's Hospital 389:University of Pittsburgh 3143:South Korean fraudsters 3123:South Korean biologists 2053:10.1126/science.1124926 1897:10.1126/science.1124926 1878:10.1126/science.1112286 1828:10.1126/science.1124926 1809:10.1126/science.1094515 879:voluntary resignation. 845:parthenogenetic process 474:Hwang's home that day. 437:Declaration of Helsinki 3128:South Korean Buddhists 966:Government involvement 898:law, without physical 600:from remains found in 530:in vitro fertilization 501: 3138:Stem cell researchers 3078:2005 in biotechnology 2386:. Business Insider UK 2022:Associated Press News 1891:(Retracted, see 1822:(Retracted, see 1722:. February 28, 2011. 1261:Scientific misconduct 1046:on January 10, 2006. 663:scientific misconduct 498: 265:2011 Libyan civil war 23:, the family name is 3031:Nature Biotechnology 2950:"황우석 '정치 후원금'…정계 '긴장 2543:. Associated Press. 2082:on September 3, 2016 1620:. October 26, 2009. 1385:. January 10, 2006. 1188:Online ova donations 1084:Grand National Party 851:made to begin with. 771:were held on Korean 514:laboratory technique 124:Revised Romanization 3088:Changwon Hwang clan 3043:10.1038/nbt0206-141 2858:Scientific American 2784:Wall Street Journal 2749:2006Natur.439..122C 2699:2006Natur.439..122C 2672:Scientific American 2634:. 29 December 2005. 2432:Wall Street Journal 2246:10.1038/nature04685 2238:2006Natur.440E...1P 2198:10.1038/nature04686 2189:2006Natur.440E...2S 2132:2005Natur.436..641L 1870:2005Sci...308.1777H 1864:(5729): 1777–1783. 1801:2004Sci...303.1669H 1795:(5664): 1669–1674. 1741:. The Straits Times 1470:2005Natur.438..536C 1421:2004Natur.429....3C 1198:World Stem Cell Hub 1020:World Stem Cell Hub 773:television networks 567:Alzheimer's disease 563:Parkinson's disease 411:World Stem Cell Hub 381:World Stem Cell Hub 243:. On the same day, 3098:Korean nationalism 2482:2015-06-30 at the 2338:. 26 December 2015 1383:The New York Times 1296:Gregorian calendar 985:Hwang-kum-pak-chui 932:Hanyang University 928:veterinary science 636:Siberian musk deer 502: 406:Ministry of Health 3093:Hoaxes in science 3083:Academic scandals 2743:(7073): 122–123. 2693:(7073): 122–123. 2655:. 6 January 2006. 2541:The Seattle Times 1311:Channel News Asia 1307:Los Angeles Times 1004:Supreme Scientist 769:press conferences 737:The Seattle Times 734:On the same day, 257:Gyeonggi Province 154: 153: 138:McCune–Reischauer 3155: 3054: 3007: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2979: 2972: 2971: 2962:. Archived from 2953: 2952: 2944: 2935: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2906: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2883: 2877: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2734: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2645: 2636: 2635: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2590:. 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