33:
323:
292:
germ tube. The mycelium grows intracellularly and haustoria penetrate through the host cells when the temperature is around 60 degrees F. After about 1–2 weeks when the temperature is between 60 and 64 degrees F, conidiophores (the asexual stage) will form out of the plant stomata bearing conidia. Sporulation occurs at night. The conidia disseminate in high humidity mornings when it's about 50–60 degrees. Meanwhile, during the sexual stage, the antheridia (the male sex organ) fertilizes the
61:
305:
and works its way through an intercellular junction of two epidermal cells. As the penetration peg grows between cells, haustoria grow into the cells to gain nutrients. The oomycete grows until it has penetrated through the entire leaf where conidiophores are then grown out of the stomata and disseminated by wind and rain.
278:
has a very wide host range. It can infect garlic mustard, horseradish, cruciferous vegetables, Shepherd's purse, Cheiranthus spp., Cucurbits, purple vein rocket, treacle mustard, wallflower, spurges, candytuft, mustard plants, radish, and sweet alyssum. Although it is not significantly damaging on
304:
Hyaloperonospora parasitica is an obligate biotroph, meaning it lives off a host obtaining nutrients. The pathogen infects about six hours after landing on a plant surface. The spores produce an appressorium which in turn produces a penetration peg. This hypha grows from bottom of the appressorium
291:
This is a polycyclic pathogen with a sexual and an asexual stage. It thrives in cool moist environments. Over winter in the soil, oospores survive and wait for spring. In warmer conditions when it gets to about 47–53 degrees F the oospores will germinate and produce an appressorium or form a short
635:
Wirthmueller, Lennart; Roth, Charlotte; Fabro, Georgina; Caillaud, Marie-Cécile; Rallapalli, Ghanasyam; Asai, Shuta; Sklenar, Jan; Jones, Alexandra M. E.; Wiermer, Marcel; Jones, Jonathan D. G.; Banfield, Mark J. (2015).
550:
Göker, Markus; Voglmayr, Hermann; Blázquez, Gema García; Oberwinkler, Franz (2009). "Species delimitation in downy mildews: The case of
Hyaloperonospora in the light of nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU sequences".
515:
Göker, Markus; Riethmüller, Alexandra; Voglmayr, Hermann; Weiss, Michael; Oberwinkler, Franz (2004). "Phylogeny of
Hyaloperonospora based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences".
226:
until it was reclassified and put in the genus
Hyaloperonospora. It is an especially vicious disease on crops of the family Brassicaceae. It is most famous for being a model pathogen of
480:
Göker, Markus; Voglmayr, Hermann; Riethmüller, Alexandra; Oberwinkler, Franz (2007). "How do obligate parasites evolve? A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of downy mildews".
218:
causes downy mildew on a wide range of many different plants. It belongs to the
Kingdom Chromista, the phylum Oomycota, and the family Peronosporaceae. The former name for
891:
418:
Slusarenko, Alan J.; Schlaich, Nikolaus L. (2003). "Downy mildew of
Arabidopsis thaliana caused by Hyaloperonospora parasitica (formerly Peronospora parasitica)".
820:
453:
Göker, M; Voglmayr, H; Riethmüller, A; Weiß, M; Oberwinkler, F (2003). "Taxonomic aspects of
Peronosporaceae inferred from Bayesian molecular phylogenetics".
234:
parasitica has been split into a large number of species. For instance, the taxonomically correct name of the parasite of the well-known model organism
768:
274:
covering the upper and lower leaf surfaces. Other symptoms include lesions on spikelet, fungal growth on leaves, and necrosis on stems and leaves.
615:
214:, on which the disease can cause economically important damage by killing seedlings or affecting the quality of produce intended for freezing.
374:
886:
586:
Brophy, T.F.; Laing, M.D. (1992). "Screening of fungicides for the control of downy mildew on container-grown cabbage seedlings".
242:
41:
283:
can cause major economic losses if not managed properly. The recommendation for management is weekly fungicide application.
60:
807:
32:
825:
258:
896:
353:
322:
881:
684:
174:
835:
760:
729:
236:
47:
638:"Probing formation of cargo/importin-α transport complexes in plant cells using a pathogen effector"
612:
393:
210:. It has been considered for a long time to cause downy mildew of a variety of species within the
532:
55:
843:
716:
667:
568:
497:
435:
370:
858:
848:
657:
649:
595:
560:
524:
489:
462:
427:
151:
619:
207:
141:
755:
662:
637:
131:
98:
85:
875:
599:
431:
326:
271:
536:
721:
211:
111:
230:
which is a model organism used for experimental purposes. Accordingly, the former
564:
812:
781:
707:
528:
493:
296:(the female sex organ) with a fertilization tube and an oospore is developed.
742:
365:
Smith, I.M.; Dunez, J.; Lelliot, R.A.; Phillips, D.H.; Archer, S.A. (1988),
354:
http://www.mycobank.org/Biolomics.aspx?Table=Mycobank&MycoBankNr_=374990
72:
671:
572:
501:
439:
794:
701:
293:
252:
203:
121:
773:
334:
786:
653:
799:
678:
466:
747:
321:
734:
394:
http://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=39723
682:
691:
389:
387:
385:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
401:
8:
679:
31:
20:
661:
892:Water mould plant pathogens and diseases
346:
279:any one specific plant, the damage of
369:, Blackwell Scientific Publications,
7:
836:2390b5d1-8100-4b1a-9a39-9268daf2b5e7
613:Species Fungorum - Species synonymy
367:European Handbook of Plant Diseases
14:
432:10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00166.x
59:
270:The infection first appears as
243:Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis
42:Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis
1:
600:10.1016/0261-2194(92)90100-J
565:10.1016/j.mycres.2008.11.006
693:Hyaloperonospora parasitica
482:Fungal Genetics and Biology
331:Hyaloperonospora parasitica
276:Hyaloperonospora Parasitica
216:Hyaloperonospora parasitica
199:Hyaloperonospora parasitica
184:Hyaloperonospora parasitica
25:Hyaloperonospora parasitica
913:
887:Protists described in 2002
455:Canadian Journal of Botany
259:Hyaloperonospora brassicae
250:, whereas the pathogen of
529:10.1007/s11557-006-0079-7
494:10.1016/j.fgb.2006.07.005
420:Molecular Plant Pathology
180:
173:
56:Scientific classification
54:
39:
30:
23:
16:Species of plant pathogen
333:each harboring several
266:Host range and symptoms
190:(Pers.) Constant., 2002
337:
224:Peronospora parasitica
325:
553:Mycological Research
517:Mycological Progress
237:Arabidopsis thaliana
228:Arabidopsis thaliana
48:Arabidopsis thaliana
313:Botrytis parasitica
618:2007-10-16 at the
338:
166:H. parasitica
869:
868:
844:Open Tree of Life
685:Taxon identifiers
654:10.1111/tpj.12691
642:The Plant Journal
376:978-0-632-01222-0
256:has to be called
195:
194:
904:
897:Eudicot diseases
862:
861:
852:
851:
839:
838:
829:
828:
816:
815:
813:NHMSYS0020535540
803:
802:
790:
789:
777:
776:
764:
763:
751:
750:
738:
737:
725:
724:
712:
711:
710:
680:
675:
665:
622:
610:
604:
603:
583:
577:
576:
547:
541:
540:
512:
506:
505:
477:
471:
470:
450:
444:
443:
415:
396:
391:
380:
379:
362:
356:
351:
232:Hyaloperonospora
206:from the family
186:
153:Hyaloperonospora
64:
63:
35:
21:
912:
911:
907:
906:
905:
903:
902:
901:
872:
871:
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865:
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842:
834:
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824:
819:
811:
806:
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780:
772:
767:
759:
754:
746:
741:
733:
728:
720:
715:
706:
705:
700:
687:
634:
631:
629:Further reading
626:
625:
620:Wayback Machine
611:
607:
588:Crop Protection
585:
584:
580:
549:
548:
544:
514:
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509:
479:
478:
474:
467:10.1139/b03-066
452:
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417:
416:
399:
392:
383:
377:
364:
363:
359:
352:
348:
343:
302:
289:
268:
208:Peronosporaceae
191:
188:
182:
169:
142:Peronosporaceae
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
910:
908:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
882:Peronosporales
874:
873:
867:
866:
864:
863:
853:
840:
830:
817:
804:
791:
778:
765:
752:
739:
726:
713:
697:
695:
689:
688:
683:
677:
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630:
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624:
623:
605:
578:
542:
507:
472:
445:
397:
381:
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345:
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288:
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267:
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193:
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178:
177:
171:
170:
163:
161:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
132:Peronosporales
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
102:
101:
96:
89:
88:
86:Diaphoretickes
83:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
52:
51:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
909:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
877:
860:
854:
850:
845:
841:
837:
831:
827:
822:
818:
814:
809:
805:
801:
796:
792:
788:
783:
779:
775:
770:
766:
762:
757:
753:
749:
744:
740:
736:
731:
727:
723:
718:
714:
709:
703:
699:
698:
696:
694:
690:
686:
681:
673:
669:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
633:
632:
628:
621:
617:
614:
609:
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
582:
579:
574:
570:
566:
562:
559:(3): 308–25.
558:
554:
546:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
511:
508:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:(2): 105–22.
487:
483:
476:
473:
468:
464:
461:(7): 672–83.
460:
456:
449:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:(3): 159–70.
425:
421:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
402:
398:
395:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
372:
368:
361:
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355:
350:
347:
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336:
332:
328:
327:Conidiophores
324:
317:
314:
311:
310:
309:
306:
299:
297:
295:
287:Disease cycle
286:
284:
282:
281:H. parasitica
277:
273:
272:conidiophores
265:
263:
261:
260:
255:
254:
249:
248:H. parasitica
245:
244:
239:
238:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:H. parasitica
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:
187:
185:
179:
176:
175:Binomial name
172:
168:
167:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:Stramenopiles
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
68:
67:
62:
57:
53:
50:
49:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
692:
648:(1): 40–52.
645:
641:
608:
594:(2): 160–4.
591:
587:
581:
556:
552:
545:
523:(2): 83–94.
520:
516:
510:
485:
481:
475:
458:
454:
448:
423:
419:
366:
360:
349:
330:
312:
307:
303:
300:Pathogenesis
290:
280:
275:
269:
257:
251:
247:
241:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:Brassicaceae
198:
197:
196:
183:
181:
165:
164:
152:
105:
92:
79:
46:
40:
24:
18:
782:iNaturalist
315:Pers., 1796
876:Categories
341:References
308:Synonyms:
160:Species:
73:Eukaryota
795:MycoBank
756:Fungorum
708:Q3021782
702:Wikidata
672:25284001
616:Archived
573:19061957
537:35520729
502:16990040
440:20569375
294:oogonium
253:Brassica
204:oomycete
138:Family:
122:Oomycota
118:Phylum:
69:Domain:
859:3958145
774:3203913
735:6803036
663:4350430
335:conidia
148:Genus:
128:Order:
856:uBio:
849:734461
833:NZOR:
826:123356
800:374990
787:360217
761:374990
748:PEROPA
670:
660:
571:
535:
500:
438:
373:
246:, not
202:is an
722:3MWVS
533:S2CID
106:Clade
93:Clade
80:Clade
821:NCBI
769:GBIF
743:EPPO
668:PMID
569:PMID
498:PMID
436:PMID
371:ISBN
222:was
808:NBN
730:EoL
717:CoL
658:PMC
650:doi
596:doi
561:doi
557:113
525:doi
490:doi
463:doi
428:doi
329:of
318:...
240:is
99:SAR
45:on
878::
846::
823::
810::
797::
784::
771::
758::
745::
732::
719::
704::
666:.
656:.
646:81
644:.
640:.
592:11
590:.
567:.
555:.
531:.
519:.
496:.
486:44
484:.
459:81
457:.
434:.
422:.
400:^
384:^
262:.
108::
95::
82::
674:.
652::
602:.
598::
575:.
563::
539:.
527::
521:3
504:.
492::
469:.
465::
442:.
430::
424:4
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