718:
596:, and the older standard H35 or 350 bar. As of 2021, around 550 filling stations were available worldwide. According to H2stations.org by Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik (LBST), as of the end of 2023, there were 921 hydrogen refueling stations globally, although this number clearly conflicts with those published by AFDC. The distribution of these stations is highly uneven, with a concentration in East Asia, particularly in China, Japan and South Korea; Central Europe and California in the United States. Other regions have very few, if any, hydrogen refuelling stations.
887:
57:
1007:
1115:, a safe but weighty reversible storage technology. Typically the pressure requirement are limited to 10 bars (1.0 MPa; 150 psi). The charging process generates heat whereas the discharge process will require some heat to release the H2 contained in the storage material. To activate these types of hydrides, at the current state of development you need to reach approximately 300 °C (572 °F).
869:
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fuel stations in The
Netherlands, 2 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in Belgium, 4 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in Sweden, 3 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in Switzerland and 6 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in Denmark. Everfuel, the only operator of hydrogen stations in Denmark, announced in 2023 the closure of all of its public hydrogen stations in the country.
30:
855:
2327:
748:
As of June 2023, there were 105 hydrogen fuel stations in
Germany, As of June 2023, there were 5 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in France, 3 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in Iceland, one publicly available hydrogen fuel station in Italy, 4 publicly available hydrogen
926:
Various applications have allowed the development of different H2 storage scenarios. Recently, the Hy-Can consortium has introduced a small one liter, 10 bars (1.0 MPa; 150 psi) format. Horizon Fuel Cells is now selling a refillable 3 megapascals (30 bar; 440 psi) metal hydride
186:
are also providing solutions to make your own hydrogen (for use in the car) at home. Government supported activities to expand an hydrogen fuel infrastructure are ongoing in the US state of
California, in some member states of the European Union (most notably in Germany) and in particular in Japan.
808:
California: As of March 2024, there were 53 retail stations. Continued state funding for hydrogen refueling stations is uncertain. In
September 2023, Shell announced that it had closed its hydrogen stations in the state and discontinued plans to build further stations. In 2024 it was reported
736:
In 2019, there were 33 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in operation in South Korea. In
November 2023, however, due to hydrogen supply problems and broken stations, most fueling stations in South Korea offered no hydrogen. 41 out of the 159 hydrogen stations in the country were listed as
690:
public Level 2 charger, which comprise the majority of public chargers in the US, costs about $ 2,000, and DC fast chargers, of which there are more than 30,000 in the U.S., generally cost between $ 100,000 and $ 250,000, although Tesla superchargers are estimated to cost approximately $ 43,000.
689:
U.S. dollars. A hydrogen fueling station costs between $ 1 million and $ 4 million to build. In comparison, battery electric vehicles can charge at home or at public chargers. As of 2023, there are more than 60,000 public charging stations in the United States, with more than 160,000 outlets. A
560:
Hydrogen fueling stations generally receive deliveries of hydrogen by tanker truck from hydrogen suppliers. An interruption at a hydrogen supply facility can shut down multiple hydrogen fueling stations. A hydrogen fueling station costs between $ 1 million and $ 4 million to build.
211:
is produced on the place of demand with every 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km) an industrial production facility. As of 2004, there are 900 miles (1,448 km) of low pressure hydrogen pipelines in the US and 930 miles (1,497 km) in Europe.
669:
Hydrogen fuelling stations generally receive deliveries by truck from hydrogen suppliers. An interruption at a hydrogen supply facility can shut down multiple hydrogen fuelling stations due to an interruption of the supply of hydrogen.
407:
Hydrogen pipeline transport is used to transport hydrogen from the point of production or delivery to the point of demand. Although hydrogen pipeline transport is technologically mature, and the transport costs are similar to those of
75:
The hydrogen infrastructure would consist mainly of industrial hydrogen pipeline transport and hydrogen-equipped filling stations. Hydrogen stations which were not situated near a hydrogen pipeline would get supply via hydrogen tanks,
2306:
Another off-site concept, by
Bioenergy Concept GmbH, which has not been commercialized, involves filling hydrogen in cartridges and transporting them to a filling station, where the empty cartridges are replaced with new ones. See
684:
There are far fewer
Hydrogen filling stations than gasoline fuel stations, which in the US alone numbered 168,000 in 2004. Replacing the US gasoline infrastructure with hydrogen fuel infrastructure is estimated to cost a half
1764:
1096:
U.S. Department of Energy maintains a hydrogen safety best practices site with a lot of information about tanks and piping. They dryly observe "Hydrogen is a very small molecule with low viscosity, and therefore prone to
1044:
All-composite, linerless tank. Composites
Technology Development (Colorado, USA) built a prototype tank for a satellite application in 2010 although it had an operating pressure of only 200 psi and was used to store
729:
As of May 2023, there are 167 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in operation in Japan. In 2012 there were 17 hydrogen stations, and in 2021, there were 137 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in Japan.
3289:
3000:
504:. Hydrogen is typically stored in steel cylinders without problems. Coal gas (also known as town gas) is 50% hydrogen and was carried in cast-iron pipes for half a century without any embrittlement issues.
759:
As of June 2020, there were 11 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in the United
Kingdom, but as of 2023, the number decreased to 5. In 2022, Shell closed its three hydrogen stations in the UK.
3172:
997:
Approximate maximum pressures: aluminum/glass 305 bars (30.5 MPa; 4,420 psi), aluminum/aramid 438 bars (43.8 MPa; 6,350 psi), aluminium/carbon 700 bars (70 MPa; 10,000 psi).
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of a metal due to absorbed hydrogen) is not a problem for hydrogen gas pipelines. Hydrogen embrittlement only happens with 'diffusible' hydrogen, i.e. atoms or ions. Hydrogen gas, however, is molecular
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Hydrogen fueling stations can be divided into off-site stations, where hydrogen is delivered by truck or pipeline, and on-site stations that produce and compress hydrogen for the vehicles.
661:
Hydrogen fuel is hazardous because of its low ignition energy, high combustion energy, and because it easily leaks from tanks. Explosions at hydrogen filling stations have been reported.
756:
in June 2019, the sale of hydrogen cars in Norway has halted. In 2023, Everfuel announced the closure of its two public hydrogen stations in Norway and cancelled the opening of a third.
95:
fuels from crude oil. The IEA recommends existing industrial ports be used for production and existing natural gas pipelines for transport: also international co-operation and shipping.
745:
In 2019, there were 177 stations in Europe. According to H2stations.org by Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik (LBST), there were 265 hydrogen refuelling stations in Europe by the end of 2023.
3017:
3503:
Dornheim, M.; Doppiu, S.; Barkhordarian, G.; Boesenberg, U.; Klassen, T.; Gutfleisch, O.; Bormann, R. (2007). "Hydrogen storage in magnesium-based hydrides and hydride composites".
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Pipelines are the cheapest way to move hydrogen over long distances compared to other options. Hydrogen gas piping is routine in large oil-refineries, because hydrogen is used to
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452:
3235:
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According to a 2024 research report, the United States has 1,600 miles (2,570 kilometers) of hydrogen pipelines; the global total stands at 2,800 miles (4,500 kilometers). The
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British
Columbia: Five stations are in the Greater Vancouver Area and Vancouver Island, with one station in Kelowna. All six stations are operated by HTEC (co-branded with
698:
During refueling, the flow of cold hydrogen can cause frost to form on the dispenser nozzle, sometimes leading to the nozzle becoming frozen to the vehicle being refueled.
2893:
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that "a majority of the hydrogen stations in Southern California are offline or operating with reduced hours" due to hydrogen shortages and unreliable station performance.
1525:
1712:
752:
As of June 2021, there were 2 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in Norway, both in the Oslo area. Since the explosion at the hydrogen filling station in
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Quebec: Three stations in the Greater Montreal area are operated by Shell, and one station in Quebec City is operated by Harnois Énergies (co-branded with Esso).
1652:
1242:
3001:"Everfuel Decided to Restructure the Hydrogen Station Network Due to Current Immature Hydrogen Mobility Market and Technology, Closing Refuelling Stations"
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1730:
548:. has stated that infrastructure is one of three factors (also including costs and manufacturability in high volumes) that hold back the marketability of
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513:
401:
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Approximate maximum pressures: aluminum/glass 263 bars (26.3 MPa; 3,810 psi), steel/carbon or aramide 300 bars (30 MPa; 4,400 psi).
3632:
1280:
804:
As of July 2024, there were 54 publicly accessible hydrogen refueling stations in the US, 53 of which were located in California, with one in Hawaii.
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2021:
286:
111:
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Carrying hydrogen in steel pipelines (grades: API5L-X42 and X52; up to 1,000psi/7,000kPa, constant pressure/low pressure cycling) does not lead to
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1371:
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577:
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1597:"The world´s largest-class hydrogen production, Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field (FH2R) now is completed at Namie town in Fukushima"
1303:"The world's largest-class hydrogen production, Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field (FH2R) now is completed at Namie town in Fukushima"
2616:
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247:
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Home hydrogen fueling stations are available to consumers. A model that can produce 12 kilograms of hydrogen per day sells for $ 325,000.
3034:
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1333:
450:
1596:
1310:
1884:
412:, most hydrogen is produced in the place of demand, with an industrial production facility every 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km)
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1423:
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1209:
568:, which emits carbon dioxide. The bulk of hydrogen is also transported in trucks, so pollution is emitted in its transportation.
171:
77:
2680:
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Approximate maximum pressures: aluminum 175 bars (17.5 MPa; 2,540 psi), steel 200 bars (20 MPa; 2,900 psi).
483:
2663:
2235:
717:
3955:
3935:
3743:
3454:
1627:"Opening Ceremony of Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field (FH2R) Held with Prime Minister Abe and METI Minister Kajiyama"
1522:
474:
2447:
1709:
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Hawaii opened its first hydrogen station at Hickam in 2009. In 2012, the Aloha Motor Company opened a hydrogen station in
494:
2744:
1948:
114:
was opened in Japan, claiming to be the world's largest hydrogen production facility. Much of the site is occupied by a
3940:
3884:
3841:
3173:"Shell scraps plan to build 48 new hydrogen filling stations in California, for which it had been awarded $ 40.6m grant"
2386:
2362:
3694:
3387:
1796:
2006 - Compressorless Hydrogen Transmission Pipelines Deliver Large-scale Stranded Renewable Energy at Competitive Cost
3925:
3803:
3785:
3660:
2497:
Utgikar, Vivek P; Thiesen, Todd (2005). "Safety of compressed hydrogen fuel tanks: Leakage from stationary vehicles".
886:
254:
have the potential to produce more renewable hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles than the gasoline they consumed in 2002.
824:
2825:
1795:
1659:
478:
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3347:
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2853:"'China is the world leader in hydrogen refuelling stations, but it is still way behind its 2025 targets': analyst"
179:
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pressure 210–20 bars (21,000–2,000 kPa), diameter 250–300 millimetres (9.8–11.8 in). Still in operation.
3960:
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3945:
3920:
3915:
3910:
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It is hoped that this process would save about 33% of energy (Kwh/KgH2) used by conventional transportation. See
103:
1449:"Energy Transition Hydrogen pipelines are making progress around the world. These countries are leading the way"
1386:
3874:
3604:
1745:
1727:
1448:
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1028:
490:
99:
3318:
3189:
3147:
2103:"A literature review on hydrogen refuelling stations and infrastructure. Current status and future prospects"
1974:
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874:
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468:
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or other large-scale storage technologies, could play an important role for the introduction of fluctuating
175:
81:
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3205:
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686:
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are also used. The world's largest facility for producing electrolytic hydrogen fuel is claimed to be the
251:
222:
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56:
3336:
1419:
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Consulting firm Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik tracks global hydrogen filling stations and publishes a map.
2287:
2018:
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633:
365:
302:
282:
119:
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61:
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Proof pressure: the pressure at which the test will be executed, typically above the working pressure.
3554:
2894:"Hydrogen Refueling Station Closures in Multiple Countries More Painful News for Hydrogen Proponents"
2681:"Tesla's Supercharger cost revealed to be just one-fifth of the competition in losing home state bid"
2620:
2117:
2068:
1559:
1471:
911:
545:
541:
294:
216:
2525:
219:, in December 2023, estimated that Europe had approximately 1,600 kilometers of hydrogen pipelines.
199:
as part of the hydrogen infrastructure. Hydrogen pipeline transport is used to connect the point of
3780:
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1923:
1814:
1397:
1160:
1006:
899:
641:
512:
400:
335:
298:
200:
115:
42:
2214:
International Energy Agency (IEA) Advanced Fuel Cells Technology Collaboration Programme (AFC TCP)
816:. As of April 2023, however, only one publicly accessible station was in operation in Hawaii.
3684:
3586:
2638:
2133:
1024:
979:
820:
629:
592:. The hydrogen is dispensed by weight. There are two filling pressures in common use: H70 or 700
435:
429:
258:
3265:
3258:
3018:"Hydrogen vehicles in Denmark left without fuel as all commercial refuelling stations shuttered"
3452:
Modeling of dispersion following hydrogen permeation for safety engineering and risk assessment
1859:
1067:
Burst test: the pressure at which the tank bursts, typically more than 2× the working pressure.
773:
As of July 2023, there were 10 fueling stations in Canada, 9 of which were open to the public:
334:
The first 240 km (150 mi) hydrogen pipes that are constructed of regular pipe steel,
3578:
3570:
3520:
3269:
2582:
1575:
903:
637:
235:
1089:
This specification was replaced by ISO 13985:2006 and only applies to liquid hydrogen tanks.
1073:
Leak test or permeation test, in NmL/hr/L (Normal liter of H2/time in hr/volume of the tank.)
3823:
3813:
3808:
3795:
3562:
3512:
3413:
2628:
2552:
2506:
2125:
2076:
1567:
1112:
895:
537:
290:
266:
262:
163:
152:
140:
107:
2911:"Three quarters of hydrogen refuelling stations in South Korea closed amid H2 supply crash"
1832:
1604:
1302:
831:. As of November 2023, no publicly accessible stations were in operation in Michigan.
3930:
3851:
3636:
3458:
3394:
3365:
3325:
3223:
2451:
2294:
2025:
1891:
1821:
1803:
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1058:
645:
625:
585:
462:
456:
421:
373:
318:
278:
203:
or delivery of hydrogen with the point of demand, pipeline transport costs are similar to
196:
3630:
Development of a Clay-Plastic Composite Material with Good Hydrogen Gas Barrier Property
3558:
2624:
2464:
2271:
2121:
2072:
1563:
2575:
425:
3539:
3216:
2718:
2422:
1688:
576:
420:
For process metal piping at pressures up to 7,000 psi (48 MPa), high-purity
3899:
3836:
3653:
3516:
2642:
2137:
1833:
Idaho national Engineering Laboratory Recommendations for Piping for Gaseous Hydrogen
1508:“Potential for Hydrogen Production from Key Renewable Resources in the United States”
1205:
1020:
860:
722:
679:
589:
306:
167:
92:
46:
17:
2698:"NREL Research into Fueling Big Rigs Could Help More Hydrogen Vehicles Hit the Road"
1357:
3590:
2633:
2080:
1571:
1479:
Phase Transformations & Complex Properties Research Group, Cambridge University
1155:
1011:
991:
958:
915:
828:
442:
3451:
3376:
3048:"Hydrogen Fueling Station Explodes: Toyota & Hyundai Halt Fuel Cell Car Sales"
2510:
297:. The site occupies 180,000 square meters of land, much of which is occupied by a
29:
2454:, as recommended by Roy McAlister in the "Hydrogen Car and Multi Fuel Engine" DVD
2444:
1603:. Toshiba Energy Systems and Solutions Corporations. 7 March 2020. Archived from
1510:. “National Renewable Energy Laboratory”, February 2007. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
840:
In 2021, the first Australian publicly available hydrogen fuel station opened in
2664:"Volvo and ChargePoint will build EV charging stations at Starbucks in 5 states"
1885:"NEW, COMPOSITE POLYMERIC/METALLIC MATERIALS AND DESIGNS FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES"
1548:"Review and evaluation of hydrogen production methods for better sustainability"
950:
907:
902:
at 700 bars (70 MPa; 10,000 psi) were demonstrated in 2001, the first
868:
789:
714:
In 2019, there were 178 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in operation.
85:
2358:
2129:
2003:
1507:
289:(FH2R), a 10MW-class hydrogen production unit, inaugurated on 7 March 2020, in
3859:
2605:"Review of Transportation Hydrogen Infrastructure Performance and Reliability"
2053:"Review of Transportation Hydrogen Infrastructure Performance and Reliability"
1952:
1839:
983:
850:
621:
593:
523:
2024: Europe – 1,600 km (990 mi) of low pressure hydrogen pipelines.
446:
384:
377:
331:
3715:
Map of hydrogen fueling stations in California, with real-time status reports
3574:
3524:
3236:"Fuel Cell Scooters and Solar Hydrogen Refuelling Station Launched in Hawaii"
2604:
2401:
2052:
1579:
3060:"First Shell, now Motive, hydrogen fuel station closures continue in the UK"
1334:"Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field Demonstrates Hydrogen Integration"
854:
778:
549:
520:
2024: USA – 1,600 mi (2,600 km) of low pressure hydrogen pipelines
388:
359:
353:
342:
226:
183:
50:
3582:
3491:
3480:
3077:"Shell has quietly closed down all its hydrogen filling stations in the UK"
49:, and thus a crucial prerequisite before a successful commercialization of
3728:
2354:
2205:
Can Samsun, Remzi; Antoni, Laurent; Rex, Michael; Stolten, Detlef (2021).
2151:
1243:"Japan's Hydrogen Strategy and Its Economic and Geopolitical Implications"
428:
is preferred. This is because higher hardnesses are associated with lower
2829:
2773:[Formulation of a hydrogen station development plan for FY2023].
2684:
2577:
The Hype about Hydrogen, Fact and Fiction in the Race to Save the Climate
2156:
1048:
Approximate maximum pressure: 1,000 bars (100 MPa; 15,000 psi).
845:
841:
813:
753:
620:
Solar powered water electrolysing hydrogen home stations are composed of
533:
208:
136:
3869:
3358:
148:
66:
3469:
3190:"Shell Is Immediately Closing all of Its California Hydrogen Stations"
3093:
2236:"Infrastructure 37 new H2 refuelling stations built in Europe in 2023"
1420:"Critical Review of ASME B31.12 for Pipeline Transmission of Hydrogen"
1206:"Fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure: status 2012"
1034:
Approximate maximum pressure: 700 bars (70 MPa; 10,000 psi).
317:
Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a
195:
Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a
3566:
987:
954:
733:
By the end of 2023, China had built 354 hydrogen refueling stations.
346:
3608:
2770:
1135:
2008 - Japan, a clay-based film sandwiched between prepregs of CFRP.
3507:. Viewpoint set no. 42 “Nanoscale materials for hydrogen storage”.
1309:. Toshiba Energy Systems and Solutions Corporations. 7 March 2020.
1005:
716:
575:
369:
55:
28:
3035:"Everfuel sets out plan for hydrogen stations in southern Norway"
2309:
894:
A hydrogen tank (other names- cartridge or canister) is used for
2207:"Deployment Status of Fuel Cells in Road Transport: 2021 Update"
1798:- 16th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Lyon, 13–16 June 2006
792:. The station is only available to certain commercial customers.
782:
383:
2009 – 150 mi (240 km) extension of the pipeline from
144:
41:
is the infrastructure of hydrogen pipeline transport, points of
3732:
3712:
2719:"Hydrogen Filling Stations Worldwide - H2-Stations - netinform"
166:
which are not situated near a hydrogen pipeline get supply via
45:
and hydrogen stations for distribution as well as the sale of
3337:
R&D of large stationary hydrogen/CNG/HCNG storage vessels
3123:"Electric Charging and Alternative Fuelling Stations Locator"
2310:"Bioenergy Concept GmbH - Your Expert for Bioenergy Projects"
737:
open, and some of these were rationing supplies of hydrogen.
3706:
3695:
Interactive map of hydrogen stations in Europe and worldwide
3690:
Interactive map of hydrogen stations in Europe and worldwide
3689:
511:
399:
364:
1997 – 2000: Development of two hydrogen networks, one near
3260:
Breaking Gridlock: Moving Towards Transportation That Works
3217:
First solar-powered hydrogen plant in AF complete on Hickam
1653:"The Technological Steps of Hydrogen Introduction - pag 24"
1019:
Composite tanks such of carbon fiber with a polymer liner (
3718:
3319:
International hydrogen fuel and pressure vessel forum 2010
1949:"Lifetime Simulation Composite & Multilayer Pipelines"
1728:
Hydrogen Pipeline Extension Strengthens Gulf Coast Network
2972:
2351:
Hydrogenics HomeFueler as a home hydrogen fueling station
1975:"Hydrogen Pipelines Working Group Workshop - Proceedings"
1079:, typically several thousand cycles of charging/emptying.
2745:"In 2019: 83 New Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Worldwide"
2603:
Kurtz, Jennifer; Sprik, Sam; Bradley, Thomas H. (2019).
2540:"Bay Area experiences hydrogen shortage after explosion"
2051:
Kurtz, Jennifer; Sprik, Sam; Bradley, Thomas H. (2019).
2039:"Bay Area experiences hydrogen shortage after explosion"
3700:
3538:
Schlapbach, Louis; Züttel, Andreas (15 November 2001).
3439:"The first commercial Type V composite pressure vessel"
1633:. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. 9 March 2020
1443:
1441:
1085:
Bullet test where live ammunition is fired at the tank.
1082:
Bonfire test where the tank is exposed to an open fire.
1204:
Eberle, Ulrich; Mueller, Bernd; von Helmolt, Rittmar.
827:
opened the first hydrogen station in North America in
2946:
2002:
Al-Ahmed, Amir, Safdar Hossain, Bello Mukhtar et al.
3540:"Hydrogen-storage materials for mobile applications"
3348:
CNG & Hydrogen tank safety, R&D, and testing
3050:, Inside EVs, June 11, 2019, accessed August 5, 2021
3850:
3822:
3794:
3766:
2951:
H2.Live - Hydrogen Stations in Germany & Europe
2421:. Pressure Products Industries, Inc. Archived from
1765:"Natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transportation"
788:Ontario: One station in Mississauga is operated by
352:1985 – Extension of the pipeline from Isbergues to
3709:Map of hydrogen refueling stations worldwide (GIS)
3652:
3481:U.S. DOE best safety practices hydrogen properties
3257:
2574:
2376:, Millennium Reign Energy, accessed April 26, 2023
301:; but power from the grid is also used to conduct
2876:"China has built 118 hydrogen refueling stations"
1853:"2007 - Fiber Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipelines"
1746:2005 DOE Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group Workshop
1186:"Hydrogen infrastructure project launches in USA"
432:so stronger, higher hardness steel is less safe.
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
1472:"Prevention of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steels"
3290:"Hydrogen refuelling station opens in Canberra"
1591:
1589:
927:form factor for consumer use called HydroStik.
3296:(Press release). 26 March 2021. Archived from
2526:"Exploding hydrogen station leads to FCV halt"
2355:Simple.fuel as a home hydrogen fueling station
1369:Compressorless Hydrogen Transmission Pipelines
182:or dedicated onsite production. Some firms as
3744:
3165:"Shell Abandons California Hydrogen Stations"
2739:
2737:
2735:
2553:"How many gas stations are there in the U.S?"
949:Aluminum tank with filament windings such as
8:
3703:Map of hydrogen refueling stations in the UK
3264:. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. p.
3121:Canada, Natural Resources (5 January 2018).
2335:"DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Record"
1518:
1516:
1387:DOE Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group Workshop
2465:"Solar Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis"
2272:Alternative Fueling Station Counts by State
2180:"SAE International -- mobility engineering"
1063:In accordance with ISO/TS 15869 (revised):
564:As of 2019, 98% of hydrogen is produced by
341:1973 – 30 km (19 mi) pipeline in
257:As an energy buffer, hydrogen produced via
3751:
3737:
3729:
3171:, September 19, 2023; and Collins, Leigh.
3148:"Is this the end of the hydrogen highway?"
2996:
2994:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2797:"5 new HRS to be installed in fiscal 2023"
1273:"South Korea's Hydrogen Economy Ambitions"
3116:
3114:
2632:
2014:
2012:
1398:Every 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km)
1199:
1197:
1195:
207:, the technology is proven, however most
2609:International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
2152:"LA gas station gets hydrogen fuel pump"
2110:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
2057:International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
1552:International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
1451:. World Economic Forum. 13 December 2023
885:
321:as part of the hydrogen infrastructure.
287:Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field
112:Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field
3294:Australian Capital Territory Government
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
1414:
1412:
1177:
994:with a metal liner (aluminum or steel).
906:on the road with type IV tanks are the
898:. The first type IV hydrogen tanks for
890:A hydrogen tank on a Honda FCX platform
540:, along a road or highway, that allows
118:; power from the grid is also used for
1710:2006 - vector of clean energy - pag 15
1229:
1053:Tank testing and safety considerations
102:, which as of 2019 lack international
2200:
2198:
2196:
1546:Dincer, Ibrahim; Acar, Canan (2015).
1488:from the original on 11 November 2020
1253:from the original on 10 February 2019
963:composite overwrapped pressure vessel
424:piping with a maximum hardness of 80
358:1997 – Connection of the pipeline to
7:
3713:California Fuel Cell Partnership Map
2617:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
2065:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1283:from the original on 9 February 2019
277:98% of hydrogen production uses the
261:and in combination with underground
248:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
3685:Hydrogen Highway, Norway to Germany
2288:"Transportable Hydrogen Dispensing"
2019:"Transportable Hydrogen Dispensing"
584:A hydrogen station is a storage or
234:), and there is a very significant
3388:Onboard storage of hydrogen-Page 2
2973:"About - Hydrogen Mobility Europe"
2445:Lincoln Composites Tuffshell tanks
2363:Home hydrogen fueling station term
2328:"Patent für Wasserstofftankstelle"
1313:from the original on 22 April 2020
1210:Energy & Environmental Science
269:sources like wind or solar power.
25:
2359:Ivys Energy Solutions simple.fuel
2101:Apostolou, D.; Xydis, G. (2019).
556:Supply issues, cost and pollution
532:A hydrogen highway is a chain of
172:compressed hydrogen tube trailers
143:and other infrastructure along a
135:A hydrogen highway is a chain of
78:compressed hydrogen tube trailers
3776:Compressed hydrogen tube trailer
3517:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.01.003
2234:Chris Randall (2 January 2024).
1523:"Realising the hydrogen economy"
867:
853:
493:pipelines (or FRP pipeline) and
484:carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers
88:or dedicated onsite production.
60:Hydrogen gasification plant for
3037:, RenewablesNow, March 22, 2021
2004:"Hydrogen highway: An overview"
1358:Running on home-brewed hydrogen
961:around the metal cylinder. See
3697:(includes non-public stations)
2851:Polly Martin (21 March 2024).
2634:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.03.027
2524:Dobson, Geoff (12 June 2019).
2081:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.03.027
1572:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.12.035
495:reinforced thermoplastic pipes
475:fluorinated ethylene propylene
1:
3492:CNRS Institut Neel H2 Storage
2826:"fuelcellinsider.org - Index"
2511:10.1016/j.techsoc.2005.04.005
2276:Alternative Fuels Data Center
1917:"2006 FRP Hydrogen Pipelines"
1601:Toshiba Energy Press Releases
1307:Toshiba Energy Press Releases
613:Home hydrogen fueling station
3885:Refrigerated transport Dewar
3842:Underground hydrogen storage
3675:Hydrogen Embrittlement group
1332:Patel, Sonal (1 July 2022).
825:Air Products & Chemicals
608:Types of recharging stations
238:to splitting it into atoms.
3804:California Hydrogen Highway
3786:Hydrogen pipeline transport
3680:California Hydrogen Highway
3661:International Energy Agency
2874:Phate Zhang (1 July 2021).
2297:, Protium.aero, May 2, 2016
2216:. Forschungszentrum Jülich.
2028:, Protium.aero, May 2, 2016
1506:Milibrand, A. and Mann, M.
1092:Actual Standard EC 79/2009
936:Metal tank (steel/aluminum)
313:Hydrogen pipeline transport
242:Buffer for renewable energy
191:Hydrogen pipeline transport
180:liquid hydrogen tank trucks
3977:
3880:Liquid hydrogen tanktainer
3860:Liquid hydrogen tank truck
3832:Hydrogen cascade cylinders
3206:Hawaii hydrogen power park
2777:(in Japanese). 17 May 2023
2581:. New York: Island Press.
2130:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109292
1102:Metal hydride storage tank
1056:
677:
273:Hydrogen production plants
122:to produce hydrogen fuel.
104:electrical interconnectors
3407:"Onboard type IV vessels"
2006:, IEEE.org, December 2010
438:pipes are assessed like:
3875:Liquid hydrogen tank car
2977:Hydrogen Mobility Europe
2542:, ABC news, June 3, 2019
2278:, accessed July 4, 2024.
2041:, ABC news, June 3, 2019
1374:10 February 2012 at the
1125:sodium aluminium hydride
1029:fibre-reinforced plastic
491:Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
281:method. Methods such as
176:liquid hydrogen trailers
82:liquid hydrogen trailers
3906:Hydrogen infrastructure
3865:Liquid hydrogen trailer
3760:Hydrogen infrastructure
3470:U.S. DOE storage safety
3256:Motavalli, Jim (2001).
3094:"Station Status - HTEC"
2771:"2023年度水素ステーション整備計画を策定"
2419:"Diaphragm Compressors"
2387:"Hydrogen Purification"
1528:5 November 2019 at the
1010:Hydrogen tanks for the
875:Renewable energy portal
819:Michigan: In 2000, the
790:Hydrogenics Corporation
648:and a hydrogen outlet.
566:steam methane reforming
469:polytetrafluoroethylene
106:, are investing in the
39:hydrogen infrastructure
3655:The Future of Hydrogen
2314:Bioenergy Concept GmbH
1815:Every 50 to 100 miles
1685:"rise.org - Pipelines"
1403:20 August 2007 at the
1015:
891:
726:
694:Freezing of the nozzle
581:
516:
502:hydrogen embrittlement
404:
223:Hydrogen embrittlement
72:
34:
3956:Sustainable transport
3936:Hydrogen technologies
2573:Romm, Joseph (2004).
2499:Technology in Society
2478:. February–March 1994
1146:Hydrogen leak testing
1009:
889:
720:
580:Hydrogen fueling pump
579:
542:hydrogen powered cars
515:
403:
303:electrolysis of water
283:electrolysis of water
120:electrolysis of water
110:. In March 2020, the
59:
32:
18:Hydrogen storage tank
3007:, September 15, 2023
2947:"Filling up with H2"
2425:on 21 September 2007
2400:: 42. Archived from
1111:Using magnesium for
912:Mercedes-Benz F-Cell
721:Hydrogen station in
546:William Clay Ford Jr
295:Fukushima Prefecture
225:(a reduction in the
217:World Economic Forum
3941:Road infrastructure
3781:Hydrogen compressor
3768:Compressed hydrogen
3605:"Storage by Mc-Phy"
3559:2001Natur.414..353S
3419:on 10 November 2007
3179:, 18 September 2023
3024:, 20 September 2023
2917:, November 23, 2023
2662:Hawkins, Andrew J.
2625:2019IJHE...4412010K
2293:1 June 2020 at the
2122:2019RSERv.11309292A
2073:2019IJHE...4412010K
2024:1 June 2020 at the
1842:Accessed 2010-10-13
1777:on 19 February 2024
1564:2015IJHE...4011094D
1161:Hydrogen compressor
900:compressed hydrogen
640:, oxygen purifier,
336:compressed hydrogen
201:hydrogen production
43:hydrogen production
3926:Pipeline transport
3635:2008-08-21 at the
3611:on 3 December 2009
3505:Scripta Materialia
3457:2011-07-23 at the
3393:2006-11-27 at the
3364:2011-12-06 at the
3324:2012-09-05 at the
3222:2013-02-19 at the
3196:, February 9, 2024
3064:Innovation Origins
3033:Tisheva, Plamena.
2979:. 19 November 2015
2900:, February 8, 2024
2892:Barnard, Michael.
2832:on 15 October 2014
2751:. 19 February 2020
2538:Woodrow, Melanie.
2450:2007-06-04 at the
2443:See, for example,
2407:on 13 August 2006.
2037:Woodrow, Melanie.
1982:USA Dept of Energy
1955:on 7 February 2012
1929:on 7 February 2017
1865:on 27 January 2017
1820:2007-08-20 at the
1802:2012-02-10 at the
1751:2016-03-03 at the
1733:2009-03-16 at the
1715:2008-10-14 at the
1665:on 29 October 2008
1631:METI News Releases
1536:, October 11, 2019
1470:Bhadhesia, Harry.
1025:rotational molding
1016:
922:Low-pressure tanks
904:fuel cell vehicles
892:
821:Ford Motor Company
727:
582:
517:
455:2016-03-04 at the
430:fracture toughness
405:
372:, and one between
259:water electrolysis
84:, liquid hydrogen
73:
35:
33:Hydrogen pipelines
3893:
3892:
3553:(6861): 353–358.
3377:Horizon HydroStik
3275:978-1-57805-039-0
3154:, August 15, 2023
3083:, 17 October 2022
2855:. Hydrogeninsight
2588:978-1-55963-703-9
1897:on 8 October 2008
1107:Magnesium hydride
638:hydrogen purifier
536:-equipped public
164:Hydrogen stations
159:Hydrogen stations
153:hydrogen vehicles
131:Hydrogen highways
62:Belinka Perkemija
16:(Redirected from
3968:
3961:Gas technologies
3951:Filling stations
3946:Hydrogen economy
3921:Pressure vessels
3916:Hydrogen storage
3911:Industrial gases
3824:Hydrogen storage
3814:Hydrogen station
3809:Hydrogen highway
3796:Hydrogen economy
3753:
3746:
3739:
3730:
3664:
3658:
3639:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3607:. Archived from
3601:
3595:
3594:
3567:10.1038/35104634
3544:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3500:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3441:. 31 March 2020.
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3412:. Archived from
3411:
3403:
3397:
3385:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3356:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3300:on 29 March 2021
3286:
3280:
3279:
3263:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3232:
3226:
3214:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3186:
3180:
3177:Hydrogen Insight
3161:
3155:
3146:Begert, Blanca.
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3118:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3090:
3084:
3081:Hydrogen Insight
3075:Collins, Leigh.
3073:
3067:
3057:
3051:
3044:
3038:
3031:
3025:
3022:Hydrogen Insight
3014:
3008:
3005:Hydrogen Central
2998:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2943:
2918:
2915:Hydrogen Insight
2907:
2901:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2828:. Archived from
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2801:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2741:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2694:
2688:
2687:, April 15, 2022
2677:
2671:
2670:, March 15, 2022
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2636:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2580:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2549:
2543:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2469:
2461:
2455:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2391:
2383:
2377:
2374:"SHFA Model 300"
2371:
2365:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2331:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2304:
2298:
2285:
2279:
2269:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2231:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2202:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2107:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2048:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2016:
2007:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1979:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1951:. Archived from
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1922:. Archived from
1921:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1896:
1890:. Archived from
1889:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1858:. Archived from
1857:
1849:
1843:
1830:
1824:
1812:
1806:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1770:. Archived from
1769:
1761:
1755:
1743:
1737:
1725:
1719:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1687:. Archived from
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1658:. Archived from
1657:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1607:on 22 April 2020
1593:
1584:
1583:
1543:
1537:
1534:Power Technology
1520:
1511:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1476:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1416:
1407:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1366:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1247:Etudes de l'Ifri
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1201:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1113:hydrogen storage
978:Tanks made from
896:hydrogen storage
877:
872:
871:
863:
858:
857:
646:pressure vessels
600:Delivery methods
572:Hydrogen station
538:filling stations
528:Hydrogen highway
497:are researched.
267:renewable energy
263:hydrogen storage
141:filling stations
108:hydrogen economy
98:South Korea and
70:
21:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3852:Liquid hydrogen
3846:
3818:
3790:
3762:
3757:
3671:
3651:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3637:Wayback Machine
3628:
3624:
3614:
3612:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3511:(10): 841–846.
3502:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3464:
3459:Wayback Machine
3450:
3446:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3395:Wayback Machine
3386:
3382:
3375:
3371:
3366:Wayback Machine
3357:
3353:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3331:
3326:Wayback Machine
3317:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3224:Wayback Machine
3215:
3211:
3204:
3200:
3187:
3183:
3162:
3158:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3127:www.nrcan.gc.ca
3120:
3119:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3074:
3070:
3058:
3054:
3045:
3041:
3032:
3028:
3016:Martin, Polly.
3015:
3011:
2999:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2921:
2909:Martin, Polly.
2908:
2904:
2891:
2887:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2679:Lambert, Fred.
2678:
2674:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2619:: 12010–12023.
2602:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2452:Wayback Machine
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2316:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2295:Wayback Machine
2286:
2282:
2270:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2238:. Electrive.com
2233:
2232:
2221:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2067:: 12010–12023.
2050:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2032:
2026:Wayback Machine
2017:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1831:
1827:
1822:Wayback Machine
1813:
1809:
1804:Wayback Machine
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1753:Wayback Machine
1744:
1740:
1735:Wayback Machine
1726:
1722:
1717:Wayback Machine
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1691:on 28 July 2009
1683:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:Wayback Machine
1521:
1514:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1426:. 30 April 2024
1418:
1417:
1410:
1405:Wayback Machine
1396:
1392:
1385:
1381:
1376:Wayback Machine
1367:
1363:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1166:Liquid hydrogen
1151:Hydrogen sensor
1142:
1132:
1121:
1109:
1104:
1061:
1059:Hydrogen safety
1055:
1041:
1004:
975:
946:
933:
924:
884:
873:
866:
859:
852:
838:
802:
771:
766:
743:
712:
704:
696:
682:
676:
667:
659:
654:
626:power converter
615:
610:
602:
586:filling station
574:
558:
530:
510:
463:perfluoroalkoxy
457:Wayback Machine
445:structure with
422:stainless steel
418:
398:
327:
315:
279:steam reforming
275:
244:
233:
193:
161:
133:
128:
64:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3974:
3972:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3898:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3733:
3727:
3726:
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3707:H2stations.org
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3669:External links
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2953:. 10 June 2020
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2749:FuelCellsWorks
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2505:(3): 315–320.
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2160:. 27 June 2008
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1057:Main article:
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675:
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630:water purifier
614:
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366:Corpus Christi
362:
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326:
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250:believes that
243:
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236:energy barrier
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2806:. 17 May 2023
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1558:(34): 11096.
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1021:thermoplastic
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881:
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865:
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861:Energy portal
856:
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843:
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826:
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800:United States
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764:North America
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709:
707:
701:
699:
693:
691:
688:
681:
680:Hydrogen fuel
673:
671:
664:
662:
656:
652:Disadvantages
651:
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639:
635:
631:
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623:
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68:
63:
58:
54:
52:
48:
47:hydrogen fuel
44:
40:
31:
27:
19:
3759:
3654:
3625:
3613:. Retrieved
3609:the original
3599:
3550:
3546:
3533:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3487:
3476:
3465:
3447:
3433:
3421:. Retrieved
3414:the original
3401:
3383:
3372:
3354:
3343:
3332:
3314:
3302:. Retrieved
3298:the original
3293:
3284:
3259:
3251:
3239:. Retrieved
3230:
3212:
3201:
3193:
3184:
3176:
3168:
3159:
3151:
3142:
3130:. Retrieved
3126:
3101:. Retrieved
3097:
3088:
3080:
3071:
3066:, 4 May 2023
3063:
3055:
3046:Kane, Mark.
3042:
3029:
3021:
3012:
3004:
2981:. Retrieved
2976:
2967:
2955:. Retrieved
2950:
2914:
2905:
2897:
2888:
2879:
2869:
2857:. Retrieved
2846:
2834:. Retrieved
2830:the original
2820:
2808:. Retrieved
2803:
2791:
2779:. Retrieved
2774:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2748:
2722:. Retrieved
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2692:
2675:
2667:
2658:
2646:. Retrieved
2612:
2608:
2598:
2576:
2568:
2556:. Retrieved
2547:
2534:
2519:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2475:
2471:
2459:
2439:
2427:. Retrieved
2423:the original
2413:
2402:the original
2397:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2346:
2317:. Retrieved
2313:
2302:
2283:
2275:
2240:. Retrieved
2213:
2183:. Retrieved
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2155:
2146:
2113:
2109:
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2060:
2056:
2046:
2033:
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1981:
1969:
1957:. Retrieved
1953:the original
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1924:the original
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1892:the original
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1860:the original
1847:
1828:
1810:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1772:the original
1759:
1741:
1723:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:the original
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1660:the original
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1630:
1621:
1609:. Retrieved
1605:the original
1600:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1533:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1478:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1428:. Retrieved
1393:
1382:
1364:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:
1327:
1315:. Retrieved
1306:
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1277:The Diplomat
1276:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1246:
1237:
1232:, p. 15
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1180:
1156:Gas cylinder
1122:
1110:
1091:
1088:
1077:Fatigue test
1062:
1012:Toyota Mirai
992:carbon fiber
959:carbon fiber
925:
916:GM HydroGen4
893:
839:
829:Dearborn, MI
803:
772:
758:
751:
747:
744:
735:
732:
728:
713:
705:
697:
683:
668:
660:
634:electrolyzer
619:
616:
603:
583:
563:
559:
531:
499:
489:
443:carbon fiber
434:
419:
406:
316:
276:
256:
245:
221:
214:
194:
162:
151:which allow
134:
97:
90:
74:
53:technology.
38:
36:
26:
3615:29 November
3169:Energy News
3098:www.htec.ca
1933:27 February
1869:27 February
1781:27 February
1492:17 December
1230:IEA H2 2019
1215:23 December
951:glass fiber
908:Toyota FCHV
622:solar cells
544:to travel.
465:(PFA, MFA).
305:to produce
299:solar array
252:US counties
155:to travel.
116:solar array
86:tank trucks
65: [
3900:Categories
3724:ISO-TC 197
3423:1 November
3194:Inside EVs
2528:. EV Talk.
2472:Home Power
2394:Home Power
2116:: 109292.
1988:20 January
1959:2 November
1840:Archive-It
1287:9 February
1257:9 February
1172:References
1097:leakage.".
984:fiberglass
982:material,
678:See also:
657:Volatility
642:compressor
636:, piping,
447:fiberglass
385:Plaquemine
378:Texas City
332:Rhine-Ruhr
139:-equipped
93:hydrocrack
3701:H2Map.com
3575:0028-0836
3525:1359-6462
3241:4 October
3132:14 August
3103:13 August
2859:20 August
2836:4 October
2724:4 October
2668:The Verge
2648:7 October
2643:132085841
2593:Chapter 5
2558:4 October
2242:19 August
2185:4 October
2164:4 October
2138:201240559
2086:7 October
1901:29 August
1695:29 August
1669:29 August
1580:0360-3199
1455:20 August
1430:20 August
1343:5 October
1123:See also
980:composite
702:Locations
550:fuel cell
436:Composite
396:Economics
389:Chalmette
360:Rotterdam
354:Zeebrugge
343:Isbergues
227:ductility
184:ITM Power
51:fuel cell
3633:Archived
3583:11713542
3455:Archived
3391:Archived
3362:Archived
3322:Archived
3220:Archived
3152:Politico
2983:24 March
2880:CnEVPost
2685:Electrek
2448:Archived
2291:Archived
2157:NBC News
2022:Archived
1836:Archived
1818:Archived
1800:Archived
1749:Archived
1731:Archived
1713:Archived
1526:Archived
1483:Archived
1401:Archived
1372:Archived
1311:Archived
1281:Archived
1251:Archived
1140:See also
1130:Research
973:Type III
914:and the
846:ActewAGL
842:Canberra
814:Honolulu
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