238:(PWC) tend to ingest water simply because they run in and around it. During a rollover, or when a wave washes over the craft, its engine can hydrolock, though severe damage is rare due to the special air intakes and low rotating inertia of small marine engines. Inboard marine engines have a different vulnerability as these often have their cooling water mixed with the exhaust gases in the header to quiet the engine. Rusted out exhaust headers or lengthy periods of turning the starter can cause water to build up in the exhaust line to the point it back-flows through the exhaust manifold and fills the cylinders. On turbocharged engines the intercooler is normally cooled by sea water; if this rusts through, water will be ingested by the engine.
148:
140:
264:
by the blue-white smoke commonly seen when a radial engine starts up. In order to prevent engine damage, it is universal practice for the ground crew or pilot to check for hydrolock during pre-flight inspection of the aircraft, typically by slowly cranking the propeller for several turns, either by hand or using the starter motor, to make sure the crankshaft cycles normally through all cylinders.
43:
276:
due to steam condensing back into water. In most steam engine designs there is a short time at the end of the return stroke of the piston when all the valves are shut and it is compressing any remaining steam. Water can be introduced from the boiler or in a cold engine, steam will condense to water
263:
and inverted engines (cylinders pointing downwards) when the engine sits for a long period. Engine oil seeps down under gravity into the cylinder through various means (through the rings, valve guides, etc.) and can fill a cylinder with enough oil to hydrolock it. The seepage effect can be observed
187:
If a cylinder fills with liquid while the engine is turned off, the engine will refuse to turn when a starting cycle is attempted. Since the starter mechanism's torque is normally much lower than the engine's operating torque, this will usually not damage the engine but may burn out the starter. The
183:
If an internal combustion engine hydrolocks while idling or under low power conditions, the engine may stop suddenly with no immediate damage. In this case the engine can often be purged by unscrewing the spark plugs or injectors and turning the engine over to expel the liquid from the combustion
284:
Cylinder drain cocks can be manual or automatic. One type of automatic drain cock contains a rolling ball which allows water to pass, but blocks the flow of steam. The ball occupies a horizontal cylinder slightly larger than the ball, allowing liquid water to flow past the ball. However, fast
280:
This is just as damaging as it is to internal combustion engines and in the case of a steam locomotive can be very dangerous as a broken connecting rod could puncture the firebox or boiler and cause a steam explosion. Steam engines (with the exception of small model and toy machines) are always
179:
If an engine hydrolocks while at speed, a mechanical failure is likely. Common damage modes include bent or broken connecting rods, a fractured crank, a fractured head, a fractured block, crankcase damage, damaged bearings, or any combination of these. Forces absorbed by other interconnected
191:
Amounts of water significant enough to cause hydrolock tend to upset the air/fuel mixture in gasoline engines. If water is introduced slowly enough, this effect can cut power and speed in an engine to a point that when hydrolock actually occurs it does not cause catastrophic engine damage.
184:
chambers after which a restart may be attempted. Depending on how the liquid was introduced to the engine, it possibly can be restarted and dried out with normal combustion heat, or it may require more work, such as flushing out contaminated operating fluids and replacing damaged gaskets.
246:
Diesel engines are more susceptible to hydrolock than gasoline engines. Due to their higher compression ratios, diesel engines have a much smaller final combustion chamber volume, requiring much less liquid to hydrolock. Diesel engines also tend to have higher
166:) is an abnormal condition of any device which is designed to compress a gas by mechanically restraining it; most commonly the reciprocating internal combustion engine, the case this article refers to unless otherwise noted. Hydrolock occurs when a volume of
170:
greater than the volume of the cylinder at its minimum (end of the piston's stroke) enters the cylinder. Since liquids are nearly incompressible the piston cannot complete its travel; either the engine must stop rotating or a mechanical failure must occur.
180:
components may cause additional damage. Physical damage to metal parts can manifest as a "crashing" or "screeching" sound and usually requires replacement of the engine or a substantial rebuild of its major components.
213:
mounted low on the vehicle will be especially vulnerable to hydrolocking when being driven through standing water or heavy precipitation. Engine coolant entering the cylinders through various means (such as a blown
205:
Hydrolock most commonly occurs in automobiles when driving through floods, either where the water is above the level of the air intake or the vehicle's speed is excessive, creating a tall
188:
engine can be drained as above and restarted. If a corrosive substance such as water has been in the engine long enough to cause rusting, more extensive repairs will be required.
1037:
368:
329:
251:, rotating inertia, and stronger starter motors than gasoline engines. The result is that a diesel engine is more likely to suffer catastrophic damage.
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361:
1912:
30:
This article is about machinery damaged when compression acts on liquid instead of gas. For canal locks operated by changes of displacement, see
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fitted with cylinder drain cocks which are opened to allow excess water and steam to escape during warm up.
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222:) one or more cylinders in liquid form due to abnormal operating conditions can also cause hydrolock.
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moving steam forces the ball to the end of the cylinder, where the ball blocks a discharge opening.
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303:"Exhaust Risers - Marine Engines : Boats and Yachts Maintenance, Repairs and Troubleshooting"
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on the cool walls of the cylinders and can potentially hydrolock an engine.
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Rolling ball allows condensate out but shuts off under steam pressure
248:
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36:
218:) is another common cause. Excessive fuel entering (
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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8:
27:Type of hydraulic compression system failure
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1313:
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1016:
369:
355:
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127:Learn how and when to remove this message
435:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
1913:Glossary of steam locomotive components
294:
7:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
143:Bent connecting rod after Hydrolock
1765:National Museum of Scotland engine
25:
315:R. Sennett and H.J. Oram (1899).
1947:List of steam technology patents
41:
537:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
330:"Automatic Drain Cock 1/4" x40"
151:Same connecting rod, turned 90°
52:needs additional citations for
1932:Murdoch's model steam carriage
1918:History of steam road vehicles
272:A hydraulic lock can occur in
1:
1859:Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine
1582:Return connecting rod engine
1506:Condensing steam locomotive
255:Radial and inverted engines
209:. A vehicle fitted with a
2004:
1813:"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"
378:Internal combustion engine
332:. Kennions. Archived from
158:(a shorthand notation for
29:
1819:"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive
1488:Single- and double-acting
995:
846:Diesel particulate filter
798:Idle air control actuator
739:Engine control unit (ECU)
384:
1658:Newcomen Memorial Engine
911:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
823:Throttle position sensor
532:Overhead camshaft layout
196:Causes and special cases
1962:Timeline of steam power
1957:Stationary steam engine
1840:Woolf's compound engine
1747:Soho Manufactory engine
1602:Steeple compound engine
1269:straight line mechanism
450:Core plug (freeze plug)
317:The Marine Steam Engine
259:Hydrolock is common on
1967:Water-returning engine
1941:Lean's Engine Reporter
1714:Chacewater Mine engine
1587:Six-column beam engine
319:, Longman Green and Co
152:
144:
1807:London Steam Carriage
236:personal water crafts
150:
142:
1753:Bradley Works engine
1577:Reciprocating engine
1400:Babcock & Wilcox
1243:Centrifugal governor
691:Compression ignition
336:on January 4, 2023.
61:improve this article
1294:Sun and planet gear
841:Catalytic converter
175:Symptoms and damage
1794:Richard Trevithick
1392:Water-tube boilers
1206:Gresley conjugated
967:Knocking / pinging
559:Combustion chamber
153:
145:
1975:
1974:
1901:
1900:
1780:
1779:
1464:
1463:
1364:Fire-tube boilers
1219:
1218:
1013:
1012:
982:Stratified charge
749:Electrical system
731:Engine management
564:Compression ratio
504:Starter ring gear
403:rotating assembly
230:Small boats with
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
1995:
1925:fardier à vapeur
1759:Whitbread Engine
1720:Smethwick Engine
1688:
1627:
1446:Feedwater heater
1314:
1096:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1017:
856:Exhaust manifold
721:Spark plug wires
607:Boost controller
594:Forced induction
371:
364:
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348:
341:
340:
326:
320:
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307:
306:
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232:outboard engines
160:hydrostatic lock
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110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
2003:
2002:
1998:
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1988:Engine problems
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1977:
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1971:
1897:
1872:
1845:
1826:
1776:
1733:
1677:
1665:Fairbottom Bobs
1650:Newcomen engine
1644:
1616:
1562:Expansion valve
1535:
1521:Watt's separate
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1434:
1386:
1358:
1303:
1279:Parallel motion
1215:
1166:Stephenson link
1147:
1085:
1054:Operating cycle
1049:
1044:
1014:
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987:Top dead centre
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870:
827:
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743:
732:
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672:
626:
588:
544:Tappet / lifter
527:Flathead layout
517:
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402:
393:
380:
375:
345:
344:
328:
327:
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211:cold air intake
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1711:
1703:
1700:Kinneil Engine
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1675:
1672:Elsecar Engine
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1592:Steeple engine
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1451:Feedwater pump
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1317:Simple boilers
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1299:Watt's linkage
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876:Cooling system
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833:Exhaust system
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658:Fuel injection
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242:Diesel engines
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164:hydraulic lock
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1800:Puffing Devil
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1786:High-pressure
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1639:Savery Engine
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1289:Rotative beam
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1266:hypocycloidal
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1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:Steam engines
1041:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
962:
958:
951:
947:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
918:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
890:
889:Water cooling
887:
885:
882:
881:
879:
877:
873:
867:
866:Oxygen sensor
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
834:
830:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
783:
781:Intake system
779:
773:
772:Starter motor
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
752:
746:
740:
737:
736:
734:
728:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
711:Ignition coil
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
681:
679:
675:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
643:Petrol engine
641:
639:
638:Diesel engine
636:
635:
633:
629:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
602:Blowoff valve
600:
599:
597:
595:
591:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
522:
520:
519:Cylinder head
515:
511:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
464:
460:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
410:Balance shaft
408:
407:
405:
400:
396:
392:
390:
383:
379:
372:
367:
365:
360:
358:
353:
352:
349:
339:
335:
331:
325:
322:
318:
312:
309:
304:
298:
295:
288:
286:
282:
278:
275:
274:steam engines
268:Steam engines
267:
265:
262:
254:
252:
250:
241:
239:
237:
233:
225:
223:
221:
217:
212:
208:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
174:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
149:
141:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1952:Modern steam
1939:
1924:
1886:Porter-Allen
1865:
1799:
1726:
1706:
1663:
1597:Safety valve
1566:
1526:"Pickle-pot"
1420:Thimble tube
896:Electric fan
696:Coil-on-plug
622:Turbocharger
617:Supercharger
489:Main bearing
479:Firing order
469:Displacement
415:Block heater
399:Engine block
387:Part of the
386:
337:
334:the original
324:
316:
311:
297:
283:
279:
271:
258:
245:
229:
204:
190:
186:
182:
178:
163:
159:
155:
154:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
32:Caisson lock
1683:Watt engine
1483:Oscillating
1439:Boiler feed
1284:Plate chain
1263:Tusi couple
1176:Walschaerts
1061:Atmospheric
920:Lubrication
884:Air cooling
701:Distributor
653:Fuel filter
631:Fuel system
612:Intercooler
579:Timing belt
569:Head gasket
499:Piston ring
216:head gasket
76:"Hydrolock"
18:Hydrolocked
1892:Ljungström
1878:High-speed
1771:Lap Engine
1727:Resolution
1631:Precursors
1516:Kirchweger
1478:Locomotive
1425:Three-drum
1405:Field-tube
1372:Locomotive
1354:Lancashire
1274:Link chain
1258:Crankshaft
1225:Mechanisms
1153:Valve gear
972:Power band
932:Oil filter
906:Thermostat
851:EGT sensor
813:MAF sensor
808:MAP sensor
793:Air filter
757:Alternator
716:Spark plug
648:Carburetor
574:Rocker arm
514:Valvetrain
445:Crankshaft
389:Automobile
289:References
201:Automotive
87:newspapers
1923:Cugnot's
1866:Salamanca
1567:Hydrolock
1552:Crosshead
1498:Condenser
1334:Egg-ended
706:Glow plug
668:Fuel tank
663:Fuel pump
430:Crankcase
156:Hydrolock
1982:Category
1906:See also
1832:Compound
1707:Old Bess
1547:Blowback
1470:Cylinder
1456:Injector
1415:Stirling
1410:Sentinel
1324:Haystack
1238:Cataract
1211:Southern
1201:Caprotti
1076:Compound
1005:Category
950:Dry sump
946:Wet sump
937:Oil pump
901:Radiator
818:Throttle
678:Ignition
549:Camshaft
474:Flywheel
455:Cylinder
440:Crankpin
220:flooding
207:bow wave
117:May 2012
1622:History
1531:Surface
1349:Cornish
1309:Boilers
1191:Corliss
1128:Corliss
1111:D slide
1081:Uniflow
1071:Cornish
977:Redline
861:Muffler
762:Battery
686:Magneto
101:scholar
1934:(1784)
1928:(1769)
1894:(1908)
1888:(1862)
1869:(1812)
1861:(1805)
1851:Murray
1842:(1803)
1821:(1804)
1815:(1803)
1809:(1803)
1803:(1801)
1773:(1788)
1767:(1786)
1761:(1785)
1755:(1783)
1749:(1782)
1730:(1781)
1722:(1779)
1716:(1778)
1710:(1777)
1702:(1768)
1674:(1795)
1668:(1760)
1660:(1725)
1641:(1698)
1607:Stroke
1572:Piston
1557:Cutoff
1430:Yarrow
1382:Launch
1377:Scotch
1138:Sleeve
1133:Poppet
1118:Piston
1099:Valves
1091:Valves
1000:Portal
788:Airbox
767:Dynamo
494:Piston
484:Stroke
463:layout
391:series
261:radial
249:torque
226:Marine
168:liquid
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
1540:Other
1344:Flued
1329:Wagon
1253:Crank
1196:Lentz
1186:Baker
1181:Allan
1106:Slide
960:Other
584:Valve
554:Chest
108:JSTOR
94:books
1692:Beam
1233:Beam
1143:Bash
1123:Drop
1066:Watt
942:Sump
459:bank
420:Bore
234:and
80:news
1511:Jet
1339:Box
1171:Joy
1161:Gab
927:Oil
516:and
401:and
162:or
63:by
1984::
948:,
461:,
1039:e
1032:t
1025:v
952:)
944:(
465:)
457:(
370:e
363:t
356:v
305:.
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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