227:(PWC) tend to ingest water simply because they run in and around it. During a rollover, or when a wave washes over the craft, its engine can hydrolock, though severe damage is rare due to the special air intakes and low rotating inertia of small marine engines. Inboard marine engines have a different vulnerability as these often have their cooling water mixed with the exhaust gases in the header to quiet the engine. Rusted out exhaust headers or lengthy periods of turning the starter can cause water to build up in the exhaust line to the point it back-flows through the exhaust manifold and fills the cylinders. On turbocharged engines the intercooler is normally cooled by sea water; if this rusts through, water will be ingested by the engine.
137:
129:
253:
by the blue-white smoke commonly seen when a radial engine starts up. In order to prevent engine damage, it is universal practice for the ground crew or pilot to check for hydrolock during pre-flight inspection of the aircraft, typically by slowly cranking the propeller for several turns, either by hand or using the starter motor, to make sure the crankshaft cycles normally through all cylinders.
32:
265:
due to steam condensing back into water. In most steam engine designs there is a short time at the end of the return stroke of the piston when all the valves are shut and it is compressing any remaining steam. Water can be introduced from the boiler or in a cold engine, steam will condense to water
252:
and inverted engines (cylinders pointing downwards) when the engine sits for a long period. Engine oil seeps down under gravity into the cylinder through various means (through the rings, valve guides, etc.) and can fill a cylinder with enough oil to hydrolock it. The seepage effect can be observed
176:
If a cylinder fills with liquid while the engine is turned off, the engine will refuse to turn when a starting cycle is attempted. Since the starter mechanism's torque is normally much lower than the engine's operating torque, this will usually not damage the engine but may burn out the starter. The
172:
If an internal combustion engine hydrolocks while idling or under low power conditions, the engine may stop suddenly with no immediate damage. In this case the engine can often be purged by unscrewing the spark plugs or injectors and turning the engine over to expel the liquid from the combustion
273:
Cylinder drain cocks can be manual or automatic. One type of automatic drain cock contains a rolling ball which allows water to pass, but blocks the flow of steam. The ball occupies a horizontal cylinder slightly larger than the ball, allowing liquid water to flow past the ball. However, fast
269:
This is just as damaging as it is to internal combustion engines and in the case of a steam locomotive can be very dangerous as a broken connecting rod could puncture the firebox or boiler and cause a steam explosion. Steam engines (with the exception of small model and toy machines) are always
168:
If an engine hydrolocks while at speed, a mechanical failure is likely. Common damage modes include bent or broken connecting rods, a fractured crank, a fractured head, a fractured block, crankcase damage, damaged bearings, or any combination of these. Forces absorbed by other interconnected
180:
Amounts of water significant enough to cause hydrolock tend to upset the air/fuel mixture in gasoline engines. If water is introduced slowly enough, this effect can cut power and speed in an engine to a point that when hydrolock actually occurs it does not cause catastrophic engine damage.
173:
chambers after which a restart may be attempted. Depending on how the liquid was introduced to the engine, it possibly can be restarted and dried out with normal combustion heat, or it may require more work, such as flushing out contaminated operating fluids and replacing damaged gaskets.
235:
Diesel engines are more susceptible to hydrolock than gasoline engines. Due to their higher compression ratios, diesel engines have a much smaller final combustion chamber volume, requiring much less liquid to hydrolock. Diesel engines also tend to have higher
155:) is an abnormal condition of any device which is designed to compress a gas by mechanically restraining it; most commonly the reciprocating internal combustion engine, the case this article refers to unless otherwise noted. Hydrolock occurs when a volume of
159:
greater than the volume of the cylinder at its minimum (end of the piston's stroke) enters the cylinder. Since liquids are nearly incompressible the piston cannot complete its travel; either the engine must stop rotating or a mechanical failure must occur.
169:
components may cause additional damage. Physical damage to metal parts can manifest as a "crashing" or "screeching" sound and usually requires replacement of the engine or a substantial rebuild of its major components.
202:
mounted low on the vehicle will be especially vulnerable to hydrolocking when being driven through standing water or heavy precipitation. Engine coolant entering the cylinders through various means (such as a blown
194:
Hydrolock most commonly occurs in automobiles when driving through floods, either where the water is above the level of the air intake or the vehicle's speed is excessive, creating a tall
177:
engine can be drained as above and restarted. If a corrosive substance such as water has been in the engine long enough to cause rusting, more extensive repairs will be required.
1026:
357:
318:
240:, rotating inertia, and stronger starter motors than gasoline engines. The result is that a diesel engine is more likely to suffer catastrophic damage.
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350:
1901:
19:
This article is about machinery damaged when compression acts on liquid instead of gas. For canal locks operated by changes of displacement, see
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fitted with cylinder drain cocks which are opened to allow excess water and steam to escape during warm up.
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211:) one or more cylinders in liquid form due to abnormal operating conditions can also cause hydrolock.
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moving steam forces the ball to the end of the cylinder, where the ball blocks a discharge opening.
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292:"Exhaust Risers - Marine Engines : Boats and Yachts Maintenance, Repairs and Troubleshooting"
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on the cool walls of the cylinders and can potentially hydrolock an engine.
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Rolling ball allows condensate out but shuts off under steam pressure
237:
156:
1079:
135:
127:
1004:
930:
1008:
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25:
207:) is another common cause. Excessive fuel entering (
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1020:
351:
8:
16:Type of hydraulic compression system failure
1676:
1615:
1302:
1084:
1027:
1013:
1005:
358:
344:
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116:Learn how and when to remove this message
424:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
1902:Glossary of steam locomotive components
283:
7:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
132:Bent connecting rod after Hydrolock
1754:National Museum of Scotland engine
14:
304:R. Sennett and H.J. Oram (1899).
1936:List of steam technology patents
30:
526:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
319:"Automatic Drain Cock 1/4" x40"
140:Same connecting rod, turned 90°
41:needs additional citations for
1921:Murdoch's model steam carriage
1907:History of steam road vehicles
261:A hydraulic lock can occur in
1:
1848:Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine
1571:Return connecting rod engine
1495:Condensing steam locomotive
244:Radial and inverted engines
198:. A vehicle fitted with a
1993:
1802:"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"
367:Internal combustion engine
321:. Kennions. Archived from
147:(a shorthand notation for
18:
1808:"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive
1477:Single- and double-acting
984:
835:Diesel particulate filter
787:Idle air control actuator
728:Engine control unit (ECU)
373:
1647:Newcomen Memorial Engine
900:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
812:Throttle position sensor
521:Overhead camshaft layout
185:Causes and special cases
1951:Timeline of steam power
1946:Stationary steam engine
1829:Woolf's compound engine
1736:Soho Manufactory engine
1591:Steeple compound engine
1258:straight line mechanism
439:Core plug (freeze plug)
306:The Marine Steam Engine
248:Hydrolock is common on
1956:Water-returning engine
1930:Lean's Engine Reporter
1703:Chacewater Mine engine
1576:Six-column beam engine
308:, Longman Green and Co
141:
133:
1796:London Steam Carriage
225:personal water crafts
139:
131:
1742:Bradley Works engine
1566:Reciprocating engine
1389:Babcock & Wilcox
1232:Centrifugal governor
680:Compression ignition
325:on January 4, 2023.
50:improve this article
1283:Sun and planet gear
830:Catalytic converter
164:Symptoms and damage
1783:Richard Trevithick
1381:Water-tube boilers
1195:Gresley conjugated
956:Knocking / pinging
548:Combustion chamber
142:
134:
1964:
1963:
1890:
1889:
1769:
1768:
1453:
1452:
1353:Fire-tube boilers
1208:
1207:
1002:
1001:
971:Stratified charge
738:Electrical system
720:Engine management
553:Compression ratio
493:Starter ring gear
392:rotating assembly
219:Small boats with
126:
125:
118:
100:
1984:
1914:fardier à vapeur
1748:Whitbread Engine
1709:Smethwick Engine
1677:
1616:
1435:Feedwater heater
1303:
1085:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1006:
845:Exhaust manifold
710:Spark plug wires
596:Boost controller
583:Forced induction
360:
353:
346:
337:
330:
329:
315:
309:
302:
296:
295:
288:
221:outboard engines
149:hydrostatic lock
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110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1986:
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1977:Engine problems
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1886:
1861:
1834:
1815:
1765:
1722:
1666:
1654:Fairbottom Bobs
1639:Newcomen engine
1633:
1605:
1551:Expansion valve
1524:
1510:Watt's separate
1481:
1449:
1423:
1375:
1347:
1292:
1268:Parallel motion
1204:
1155:Stephenson link
1136:
1074:
1043:Operating cycle
1038:
1033:
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998:
980:
976:Top dead centre
944:
904:
859:
816:
765:
739:
732:
721:
714:
661:
615:
577:
533:Tappet / lifter
516:Flathead layout
506:
497:
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382:
369:
364:
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317:
316:
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303:
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200:cold air intake
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12:
11:
5:
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1692:
1689:Kinneil Engine
1685:
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1674:
1668:
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1665:
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1661:Elsecar Engine
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1581:Steeple engine
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1440:Feedwater pump
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1306:Simple boilers
1300:
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1288:Watt's linkage
1285:
1280:
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1237:Connecting rod
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865:Cooling system
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822:Exhaust system
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792:Inlet manifold
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647:Fuel injection
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414:Connecting rod
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231:Diesel engines
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153:hydraulic lock
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1789:Puffing Devil
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1775:High-pressure
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1728:Rotative beam
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1628:Savery Engine
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1601:Working fluid
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1279:
1278:Rotative beam
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1266:
1264:
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1259:
1256:
1255:hypocycloidal
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1090:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:Steam engines
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1007:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
983:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
951:
947:
940:
936:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
911:
907:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
879:
878:Water cooling
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
866:
862:
856:
855:Oxygen sensor
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
825:
823:
819:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
772:
770:Intake system
768:
762:
761:Starter motor
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
741:
735:
729:
726:
725:
723:
717:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
700:Ignition coil
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
670:
668:
664:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
632:Petrol engine
630:
628:
627:Diesel engine
625:
624:
622:
618:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
591:Blowoff valve
589:
588:
586:
584:
580:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
511:
509:
508:Cylinder head
504:
500:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
453:
449:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
399:Balance shaft
397:
396:
394:
389:
385:
381:
379:
372:
368:
361:
356:
354:
349:
347:
342:
341:
338:
328:
324:
320:
314:
311:
307:
301:
298:
293:
287:
284:
277:
275:
271:
267:
264:
263:steam engines
257:Steam engines
256:
254:
251:
243:
241:
239:
230:
228:
226:
222:
214:
212:
210:
206:
201:
197:
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
163:
161:
158:
154:
150:
146:
138:
130:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1941:Modern steam
1928:
1913:
1875:Porter-Allen
1854:
1788:
1715:
1695:
1652:
1586:Safety valve
1555:
1515:"Pickle-pot"
1409:Thimble tube
885:Electric fan
685:Coil-on-plug
611:Turbocharger
606:Supercharger
478:Main bearing
468:Firing order
458:Displacement
404:Block heater
388:Engine block
376:Part of the
375:
326:
323:the original
313:
305:
300:
286:
272:
268:
260:
247:
234:
218:
193:
179:
175:
171:
167:
152:
148:
144:
143:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
21:Caisson lock
1672:Watt engine
1472:Oscillating
1428:Boiler feed
1273:Plate chain
1252:Tusi couple
1165:Walschaerts
1050:Atmospheric
909:Lubrication
873:Air cooling
690:Distributor
642:Fuel filter
620:Fuel system
601:Intercooler
568:Timing belt
558:Head gasket
488:Piston ring
205:head gasket
65:"Hydrolock"
1881:Ljungström
1867:High-speed
1760:Lap Engine
1716:Resolution
1620:Precursors
1505:Kirchweger
1467:Locomotive
1414:Three-drum
1394:Field-tube
1361:Locomotive
1343:Lancashire
1263:Link chain
1247:Crankshaft
1214:Mechanisms
1142:Valve gear
961:Power band
921:Oil filter
895:Thermostat
840:EGT sensor
802:MAF sensor
797:MAP sensor
782:Air filter
746:Alternator
705:Spark plug
637:Carburetor
563:Rocker arm
503:Valvetrain
434:Crankshaft
378:Automobile
278:References
190:Automotive
76:newspapers
1912:Cugnot's
1855:Salamanca
1556:Hydrolock
1541:Crosshead
1487:Condenser
1323:Egg-ended
695:Glow plug
657:Fuel tank
652:Fuel pump
419:Crankcase
145:Hydrolock
1971:Category
1895:See also
1821:Compound
1696:Old Bess
1536:Blowback
1459:Cylinder
1445:Injector
1404:Stirling
1399:Sentinel
1313:Haystack
1227:Cataract
1200:Southern
1190:Caprotti
1065:Compound
994:Category
939:Dry sump
935:Wet sump
926:Oil pump
890:Radiator
807:Throttle
667:Ignition
538:Camshaft
463:Flywheel
444:Cylinder
429:Crankpin
209:flooding
196:bow wave
106:May 2012
1611:History
1520:Surface
1338:Cornish
1298:Boilers
1180:Corliss
1117:Corliss
1100:D slide
1070:Uniflow
1060:Cornish
966:Redline
850:Muffler
751:Battery
675:Magneto
90:scholar
1923:(1784)
1917:(1769)
1883:(1908)
1877:(1862)
1858:(1812)
1850:(1805)
1840:Murray
1831:(1803)
1810:(1804)
1804:(1803)
1798:(1803)
1792:(1801)
1762:(1788)
1756:(1786)
1750:(1785)
1744:(1783)
1738:(1782)
1719:(1781)
1711:(1779)
1705:(1778)
1699:(1777)
1691:(1768)
1663:(1795)
1657:(1760)
1649:(1725)
1630:(1698)
1596:Stroke
1561:Piston
1546:Cutoff
1419:Yarrow
1371:Launch
1366:Scotch
1127:Sleeve
1122:Poppet
1107:Piston
1088:Valves
1080:Valves
989:Portal
777:Airbox
756:Dynamo
483:Piston
473:Stroke
452:layout
380:series
250:radial
238:torque
215:Marine
157:liquid
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1529:Other
1333:Flued
1318:Wagon
1242:Crank
1185:Lentz
1175:Baker
1170:Allan
1095:Slide
949:Other
573:Valve
543:Chest
97:JSTOR
83:books
1681:Beam
1222:Beam
1132:Bash
1112:Drop
1055:Watt
931:Sump
448:bank
409:Bore
223:and
69:news
1500:Jet
1328:Box
1160:Joy
1150:Gab
916:Oil
505:and
390:and
151:or
52:by
1973::
937:,
450:,
1028:e
1021:t
1014:v
941:)
933:(
454:)
446:(
359:e
352:t
345:v
294:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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