135:
113:
1885:
2012:
320:. And, unlike other salamander families which reproduce internally, male hynobiids focus on egg sacs rather than females during breeding. The female lays two egg sacs at a time, each containing up to 70
2252:
2278:
1863:
338:
to the present in Asia and
Eastern Europe, though fossils of Cryptobranchoids more closely related to hynobiids than to giant salamanders extend back to the
2365:
2226:
2265:
1822:"A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of advanced frogs, salamanders, and caecilians"
1905:
1691:
1932:
1725:
1895:
2327:
1437:
2148:
2270:
1457:
1407:
1366:
456:
2360:
2161:
1447:
1417:
1598:
134:
2355:
2205:
1499:
783:
753:
743:
408:
2283:
2218:
1618:
1608:
944:
1648:
1558:
1568:
1509:
1234:
1628:
1578:
1638:
1588:
1284:
1538:
1387:
1134:
1054:
773:
763:
1294:
1254:
834:
2088:
1274:
1264:
1184:
1154:
1064:
1024:
1114:
2304:
1925:
1548:
964:
2166:
1174:
954:
824:
814:
2332:
974:
327:
A few species have very reduced lungs, or no lungs at all. Larvae can sometimes have reduced external
2187:
2135:
1766:
1427:
1124:
854:
2153:
1164:
994:
864:
1224:
1204:
1144:
1094:
1044:
914:
904:
874:
722:
211:
121:
2048:
1314:
1084:
934:
884:
844:
129:
1821:
2309:
2291:
2174:
1988:
1844:
1802:
1784:
1721:
1687:
1478:
1244:
1104:
538:
306:
196:
2319:
2257:
2296:
1996:
1918:
1836:
1792:
1774:
1755:"Middle Jurassic stem hynobiids from China shed light on the evolution of basal salamanders"
1345:
1214:
1074:
1034:
1014:
302:
298:
2126:
1889:
1194:
339:
1686:(4th ed.). Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford University Press. p. 47.
2011:
1770:
1716:
Lanza, B.; Vanni., S. & Nistri, A. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. (eds.).
2213:
2200:
2038:
2028:
2020:
1797:
1754:
1530:
1400:
1379:
1304:
1004:
984:
924:
894:
629:
555:
425:
263:
257:
245:
1741:
2349:
2053:
1491:
1358:
804:
735:
588:
473:
321:
275:
251:
233:
70:
313:
to Japan, but their range also covers parts of china, Russia, Afghanistan and iran.
2179:
2140:
390:
112:
2239:
2120:
1840:
372:
45:
1910:
1884:
1779:
1941:
1335:
715:
353:
based on the work of Pyron and Wiens (2011) and modified using Mikko
Haaramo
294:
186:
90:
55:
2111:
1788:
297:
found all over Asia, and in
European Russia. They are closely related to the
2071:
2063:
2043:
1978:
350:
176:
146:
95:
1848:
1806:
17:
2105:
2033:
1972:
1966:
1960:
796:
507:
317:
227:
166:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
1470:
335:
310:
269:
100:
75:
703:
Currently, 81 species are known. These genera make up the
Hynobiidae:
2244:
1954:
1900:
156:
2231:
2082:
1327:
612:
328:
239:
2086:
1914:
1740:
Hasumi, M. (2002). About hynobiids. Retrieved May 8, 2005 from
2192:
316:
Hynobiid salamanders practice external fertilization, or
1753:
Jia, Jia; Anderson, Jason S.; Gao, Ke-Qin (2021-07-23).
2095:
2062:
2019:
1987:
309:. About half of hynobiids currently described are
331:if they live in cold and very oxygen-rich water.
1926:
1259:Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe, and Nishikawa, 2019
1239:Sugawara, Watabe, Yoshikawa, and Nagano, 2018
1029:Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe, and Nishikawa, 2019
959:Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe, and Nishikawa, 2019
919:Okamiya, Sugawara, Nagano, and Poyarkov, 2018
8:
1583:Yoshikawa, Matsui, Tanabe, and Okayama, 2013
1069:Matsui, Misawa, Nishikawa, and Shimada, 2017
1009:Matsui, Kokuryo, Misawa, and Nishikawa, 2004
999:Matsui, Okawa, Nishikawa, and Tominaga, 2019
819:Matsui, Okawa, Nishikawa, and Tominaga, 2019
2083:
1933:
1919:
1911:
1279:Min, Baek, Song, Chang, and Poyarkov, 2016
111:
31:
1796:
1778:
1720:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 69.
334:Fossils of hynobiids are known from the
1718:Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians
1665:
1179:Matsui, Okawa, Tanabe, and Misawa, 2019
1829:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1159:Tominaga, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2019
1129:Tominaga, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2019
989:Matsui, Nishikawa, and Tominaga, 2017
305:), with which they form the suborder
7:
2219:e4e74398-654a-496d-bcdc-a8d7d658c3d1
1383:(Middle Eastern stream salamanders)
1603:Kuro-o, Poyarkov, and Vieites, 2012
604:
580:
530:
523:
499:
448:
441:
363:
356:
1682:Pough, F. Harvey (July 15, 2015).
869:Matsui, Okawa, and Nishikawa, 2019
829:Matsui, Okawa, and Nishikawa, 2019
25:
2366:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
1820:Pyron, R.A.; Weins, J.J. (2011).
2010:
1883:
1593:Min, Poyarkov, and Vieites, 2012
1169:Matsui, Tanabe, and Misawa, 2019
133:
1643:Min, Borzée, and Poyarkov, 2022
1462:Tian, Gu, Li, Sun, and Li, 1998
1438:Pseudohynobius kuankuoshuiensis
1599:Onychodactylus nipponoborealis
1:
1458:Pseudohynobius shuichengensis
1408:Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus
1367:Pachyhynobius shangchengensis
1089:(Temminck and Schlegel, 1838)
1079:(Temminck and Schlegel, 1838)
739:(Chinese stream salamanders)
457:Pachyhynobius shangchengensis
1633:Che, Poyarkov, and Yan, 2012
1623:Che, Poyarkov, and Yan, 2012
1059:Zhou, Jiang, and Jiang, 2006
1841:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012
1619:Onychodactylus zhangyapingi
1609:Onychodactylus tsukubaensis
1474:(Semirichensk salamanders)
1448:Pseudohynobius puxiongensis
1418:Pseudohynobius guizhouensis
324:. Parental care is common.
2382:
1780:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102744
1649:Onychodactylus pyrrhonotus
1613:Yoshikawa and Matsui, 2013
1563:Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014
1559:Onychodactylus intermedius
1553:Yoshikawa and Matsui, 2014
1500:Salamandrella keyserlingii
1432:Wei, Xiong, and Zeng, 2009
1392:(Eiselt and Steiner, 1970)
1309:Kim, Min, and Matsui, 2003
1189:Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014
1119:Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014
839:Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014
784:Batrachuperus yenyuanensis
754:Batrachuperus londongensis
744:Batrachuperus karlschmidti
409:Protohynobius puxiongensis
2008:
1949:
1868:Mikko's Phylogeny Archive
1653:Yoshikawa et Matsui, 2022
1235:Hynobius tosashimizuensis
1219:Matsui and Miyazaki, 1984
945:Hynobius guabangshanensis
626:
609:
602:
585:
578:
552:
535:
528:
521:
504:
497:
470:
453:
446:
439:
422:
404:
386:
368:
361:
224:
219:
130:Scientific classification
128:
119:
110:
34:
1901:Tree of Life: Hynobiidae
1896:AmphibiaWeb: Hynobiidae
1629:Onychodactylus zhaoermii
1579:Onychodactylus kinneburi
1569:Onychodactylus japonicus
1510:Salamandrella tridactyla
1864:"Caudata – salamanders"
1862:Haaramo, Mikko (2011).
1639:Onychodactylus sillanus
1589:Onychodactylus koreanus
1539:Onychodactylus fischeri
1495:(Siberian salamanders)
1388:Paradactylodon persicus
1285:Hynobius utsunomiyaorum
1135:Hynobius quelpaertensis
1055:Hynobius maoershanensis
774:Batrachuperus tibetanus
764:Batrachuperus pinchonii
1422:Li, Tian, and Gu, 2010
1289:Matsui and Okawa, 2019
1265:Hynobius turkestanicus
1185:Hynobius shinichisatoi
800:- (Asian salamanders)
2305:Paleobiology Database
1549:Onychodactylus fuscus
1534:(clawed salamanders)
1371:Fei, Qu, and Wu, 1983
1331:(Wushan salamanders)
1295:Hynobius vandenburghi
1255:Hynobius tsurugiensis
965:Hynobius hidamontanus
835:Hynobius amakusaensis
2214:Fauna Europaea (new)
1944:families by suborder
1906:livingunderworld.org
1428:Pseudohynobius jinfo
1362:(stout salamanders)
1275:Hynobius unisacculus
1155:Hynobius sematonotos
1065:Hynobius mikawaensis
1025:Hynobius kuishiensis
855:Hynobius arisanensis
27:Family of amphibians
2361:Asiatic salamanders
1771:2021iSci...24j2744J
1225:Hynobius tokyoensis
1205:Hynobius stejnegeri
1145:Hynobius retardatus
1115:Hynobius osumiensis
1095:Hynobius nigrescens
1045:Hynobius lichenatus
915:Hynobius fossigenus
905:Hynobius formosanus
875:Hynobius boulengeri
723:Afghanodon mustersi
287:Asiatic salamanders
122:Hynobius fossigenus
35:Asiatic salamanders
1452:(Fei and Ye, 2000)
1412:(Hu and Fei, 1978)
1350:(Liu and Hu, 1966)
1315:Hynobius yiwuensis
1085:Hynobius nebulosus
935:Hynobius glacialis
885:Hynobius chinensis
845:Hynobius amjiensis
758:Liu and Tian, 1978
373:Iridotriton hechti
2356:Cryptobranchoidea
2343:
2342:
2292:Open Tree of Life
2089:Taxon identifiers
2080:
2079:
1989:Cryptobranchoidea
1654:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1554:
1544:
1543:(Boulenger, 1886)
1515:
1505:
1484:
1479:Ranodon sibiricus
1463:
1453:
1443:
1442:Xu and Zeng, 2007
1433:
1423:
1413:
1393:
1372:
1351:
1341:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1270:
1260:
1250:
1245:Hynobius tsuensis
1240:
1230:
1220:
1210:
1200:
1190:
1180:
1175:Hynobius setouchi
1170:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1105:Hynobius okiensis
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1020:
1010:
1000:
990:
980:
970:
960:
955:Hynobius guttatus
950:
940:
939:Lai and Lue, 2008
930:
929:Lai and Lue, 2008
920:
910:
900:
890:
880:
870:
860:
850:
840:
830:
825:Hynobius akiensis
820:
815:Hynobius abuensis
810:
789:
779:
769:
759:
749:
728:
695:
694:
686:
685:
677:
676:
668:
667:
659:
658:
650:
649:
641:
640:
567:
566:
539:Ranodon sibiricus
485:
484:
307:Cryptobranchoidea
299:giant salamanders
283:
282:
215:
197:Cryptobranchoidea
16:(Redirected from
2373:
2336:
2335:
2323:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2300:
2299:
2287:
2286:
2274:
2273:
2261:
2260:
2248:
2247:
2235:
2234:
2222:
2221:
2209:
2208:
2196:
2195:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2169:
2157:
2156:
2144:
2143:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2084:
2049:Rhyacotritonidae
2014:
1997:Cryptobranchidae
1935:
1928:
1921:
1912:
1888:Data related to
1887:
1872:
1871:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1826:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1800:
1782:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1573:(Houttuyn, 1782)
1572:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1523:Onychodactylinae
1513:
1503:
1482:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1411:
1391:
1370:
1349:
1346:Liua tsinpaensis
1339:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1278:
1268:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1215:Hynobius takedai
1208:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1075:Hynobius naevius
1068:
1058:
1048:
1038:
1035:Hynobius leechii
1028:
1018:
1015:Hynobius kimurae
1008:
998:
988:
978:
975:Hynobius hirosei
968:
958:
948:
938:
928:
918:
908:
898:
888:
879:(Thompson, 1912)
878:
868:
858:
848:
838:
828:
818:
808:
787:
777:
767:
757:
747:
726:
605:
581:
531:
524:
500:
449:
442:
364:
357:
303:Cryptobranchidae
293:) are primitive
210:
138:
137:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2331:
2326:
2318:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2256:
2251:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2225:
2217:
2212:
2204:
2199:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2139:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2091:
2081:
2076:
2058:
2015:
2006:
1983:
1945:
1939:
1880:
1875:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1706:(Hasumi, 2002).
1705:
1701:
1694:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1514:Nikolskii, 1905
1269:Nikolskii, 1910
1195:Hynobius sonani
1125:Hynobius oyamai
1099:Stejneger, 1907
1049:Boulenger, 1883
1039:Boulenger, 1887
701:
696:
687:
678:
669:
660:
651:
642:
568:
486:
348:
340:Middle Jurassic
273:
267:
261:
255:
249:
243:
237:
231:
209:
132:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2379:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2348:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2324:
2314:
2301:
2288:
2275:
2262:
2249:
2236:
2223:
2210:
2201:Fauna Europaea
2197:
2184:
2171:
2158:
2145:
2132:
2117:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2039:Plethodontidae
2036:
2031:
2029:Ambystomatidae
2025:
2023:
2021:Salamandroidea
2017:
2016:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1892:at Wikispecies
1879:
1878:External links
1876:
1874:
1873:
1854:
1835:(2): 543–853.
1812:
1745:
1733:
1726:
1708:
1699:
1693:978-1605352336
1692:
1674:
1672:(Hasumi 2002).
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1545:
1531:Onychodactylus
1519:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1506:
1504:Dybowski, 1870
1487:
1486:
1485:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1401:Pseudohynobius
1396:
1395:
1394:
1380:Paradactylodon
1375:
1374:
1373:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1311:
1305:Hynobius yangi
1301:
1291:
1281:
1271:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1165:Hynobius setoi
1161:
1151:
1141:
1131:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1031:
1021:
1011:
1005:Hynobius katoi
1001:
995:Hynobius iwami
991:
985:Hynobius ikioi
981:
971:
961:
951:
941:
931:
925:Hynobius fucus
921:
911:
901:
895:Hynobius dunni
891:
881:
871:
865:Hynobius bakan
861:
851:
841:
831:
821:
811:
792:
791:
790:
780:
770:
760:
750:
731:
730:
729:
700:
699:Classification
697:
693:
692:
689:
688:
684:
683:
680:
679:
675:
674:
671:
670:
666:
665:
662:
661:
657:
656:
653:
652:
648:
647:
644:
643:
639:
638:
635:
634:
630:Pseudohynobius
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
608:
603:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
584:
579:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
565:
564:
561:
560:
556:Paradactylodon
551:
548:
547:
544:
543:
534:
529:
527:
522:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
503:
498:
496:
492:
491:
488:
487:
483:
482:
479:
478:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
452:
447:
445:
440:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
426:Onychodactylus
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
367:
362:
360:
355:
347:
344:
281:
280:
264:Pseudohynobius
258:Paradactylodon
246:Onychodactylus
222:
221:
217:
216:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
41:Miocene–Recent
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2378:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2054:Salamandridae
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:(7): 102744.
1764:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1727:0-12-178560-2
1723:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1492:Salamandrella
1488:
1483:Kessler, 1866
1481:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1359:Pachyhynobius
1355:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1002:
997:
996:
992:
987:
986:
982:
977:
976:
972:
967:
966:
962:
957:
956:
952:
947:
946:
942:
937:
936:
932:
927:
926:
922:
917:
916:
912:
907:
906:
902:
897:
896:
892:
889:Günther, 1889
887:
886:
882:
877:
876:
872:
867:
866:
862:
857:
856:
852:
847:
846:
842:
837:
836:
832:
827:
826:
822:
817:
816:
812:
807:
806:
805:Hynobius abei
802:
801:
799:
798:
793:
786:
785:
781:
778:Schmidt, 1925
776:
775:
771:
768:(David, 1872)
766:
765:
761:
756:
755:
751:
746:
745:
741:
740:
738:
737:
736:Batrachuperus
732:
727:(Smith, 1940)
725:
724:
720:
719:
718:
717:
712:
711:
710:
709:
704:
698:
691:
690:
682:
681:
673:
672:
664:
663:
655:
654:
646:
645:
637:
636:
633:
632:
631:
624:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
614:
607:
606:
600:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
590:
589:Batrachuperus
583:
582:
576:
575:
572:
571:
563:
562:
559:
558:
557:
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
540:
533:
532:
526:
525:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
509:
502:
501:
494:
493:
490:
489:
481:
480:
477:
476:
475:
474:Salamandrella
468:
467:
464:
463:
460:
459:
458:
451:
450:
444:
443:
437:
436:
433:
432:
429:
428:
427:
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
410:
402:
401:
398:
397:
394:
393:
392:
384:
383:
380:
379:
376:
375:
374:
366:
365:
359:
358:
354:
352:
345:
343:
341:
337:
332:
330:
325:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
279:
278:
277:
276:Salamandrella
272:
271:
266:
265:
260:
259:
254:
253:
252:Pachyhynobius
248:
247:
242:
241:
236:
235:
234:Batrachuperus
230:
229:
223:
218:
213:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
136:
131:
127:
124:
123:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
2096:
2001:
1867:
1857:
1832:
1828:
1815:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1736:
1717:
1711:
1702:
1683:
1677:
1668:
1647:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1547:
1537:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1508:
1498:
1490:
1477:
1469:
1456:
1446:
1436:
1426:
1416:
1406:
1399:
1386:
1378:
1365:
1357:
1344:
1334:
1326:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1199:(Maki, 1922)
1193:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1113:
1103:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1023:
1013:
1003:
993:
983:
973:
969:Matsui, 1987
963:
953:
943:
933:
923:
913:
903:
893:
883:
873:
863:
853:
843:
833:
823:
813:
803:
795:
782:
772:
762:
752:
742:
734:
721:
714:
707:
705:
702:
628:
627:
611:
610:
587:
586:
554:
553:
537:
536:
506:
505:
472:
471:
455:
454:
424:
423:
407:
405:
391:Liaoxitriton
389:
387:
371:
369:
349:
333:
326:
315:
290:
286:
284:
274:
268:
262:
256:
250:
244:
238:
232:
226:
225:
206:
120:
29:
2240:iNaturalist
2121:Wikispecies
2034:Amphiumidae
1971:Superclass
1684:Herpetology
1340:(Liu, 1950)
979:Lantz, 1931
495:Hynobiinae
295:salamanders
2350:Categories
2154:Hynobiidae
2141:Hynobiidae
2127:Hynobiidae
2097:Hynobiidae
2064:Sirenoidea
2002:Hynobiidae
1965:Subphylum
1890:Hynobiidae
1661:References
1521:Subfamily
1336:Liua shihi
1299:Dunn, 1923
1229:Tago, 1931
1209:Dunn, 1923
1149:Dunn, 1923
1139:Mori, 1928
1109:Sato, 1940
1019:Dunn, 1923
949:Shen, 2004
909:Maki, 1922
899:Tago, 1931
859:Maki, 1922
809:Sato, 1934
716:Afghanodon
708:Hynobiinae
706:Subfamily
351:Cladograms
291:Hynobiidae
207:Hynobiidae
193:Suborder:
18:Hynobiidae
2072:Sirenidae
2044:Proteidae
1973:Tetrapoda
1789:2589-0042
1319:Cai, 1985
1249:Abé, 1922
788:Liu, 1950
748:Liu, 1950
346:Phylogeny
153:Kingdom:
147:Eukaryota
2106:Wikidata
1979:Amphibia
1967:Craniata
1961:Chordata
1955:Animalia
1953:Kingdom
1849:21723399
1807:34278256
1759:iScience
849:Gu, 1992
797:Hynobius
508:Hynobius
318:spawning
301:(family
289:(family
228:Hynobius
203:Family:
177:Amphibia
167:Chordata
163:Phylum:
157:Animalia
143:Domain:
2333:1470194
2320:4782488
2112:Q827251
1959:Phylum
1942:Caudate
1798:8264161
1767:Bibcode
1471:Ranodon
336:Miocene
311:endemic
270:Ranodon
220:Genera
187:Urodela
183:Order:
173:Class:
2317:uBio:
2297:336749
2271:208513
2258:108825
1977:Class
1847:
1805:
1795:
1787:
1724:
1690:
1528:Genus
1489:Genus
1468:Genus
1398:Genus
1377:Genus
1356:Genus
1325:Genus
794:Genus
733:Genus
713:Genus
214:, 1859
2328:WoRMS
2310:37349
2284:30366
2253:IRMNG
2245:26825
2206:15532
2180:6256C
1825:(PDF)
329:gills
2279:NCBI
2266:ITIS
2232:3103
2227:GBIF
2193:7523
2167:1399
2162:BOLD
1845:PMID
1803:PMID
1785:ISSN
1722:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1328:Liua
613:Liua
322:eggs
285:The
240:Liua
212:Cope
46:PreꞒ
2188:EoL
2175:CoL
2149:ASW
2136:ADW
1837:doi
1793:PMC
1775:doi
2352::
2330::
2307::
2294::
2281::
2268::
2255::
2242::
2229::
2216::
2203::
2190::
2177::
2164::
2151::
2138::
2123::
2108::
1866:.
1843:.
1833:61
1831:.
1827:.
1801:.
1791:.
1783:.
1773:.
1763:24
1761:.
1757:.
388:?†
370:?†
342:.
96:Pg
1934:e
1927:t
1920:v
1870:.
1851:.
1839::
1809:.
1777::
1769::
1743:.
1730:.
1696:.
406:?
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
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