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what is measured at various surface points in order to geometrically determine an initial guess as to the hypocenter. The wave reaches each station based upon how far away it was from the hypocenter. A number of things need to be taken into account, most importantly variations in the waves speed based upon the materials that it is passing through. With adjustments for velocity changes, the initial estimate of the hypocenter is made, then a series of linear equations is set up, one for each station. The equations express the difference between the observed arrival times and those calculated from the initial estimated hypocenter. These equations are solved by the method of
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Computing the hypocenters of foreshocks, main shock, and aftershocks of earthquakes allows the three-dimensional plotting of the fault along which movement is occurring. The expanding wavefront from the earthquake's rupture propagates at a speed of several kilometers per second; this seismic wave is
796:
so the focal depth of the source of these long-wavelength (low frequency) waves is difficult to determine exactly. Very strong earthquakes radiate a large fraction of their released energy in seismic waves with very long wavelengths and therefore a stronger earthquake involves the release of energy
984:"It's rumored that a portion of their (Soviet) nuclear arsenal was directed at that building, the Pentagon hot dog stand," tour guides tell visitors as they pass the stand. "This is where the building earned the nickname Cafe Ground Zero, the deadliest hot dog stand in the world."
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which minimizes the sum of the squares of the differences between the observed and calculated arrival times, and a new estimated hypocenter is computed. The system iterates until the location is pinpointed within the margin of error for the velocity computations.
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in 1908 and flattened an estimated 80 million trees over an area of 2,150 km (830 sq mi) of forest. The trees at the hypocenter of the blast were left standing, but all their limbs had been blown off by the shockwave. The 2013
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here, concentric circles are drawn centered on the point below the detonation and numbered at radial distances of 1,000 feet (305 meters). This point below the detonation is called "Ground Zero".
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urged that the "ground zero" moniker be retired, saying, "…the time has come to call those 16 acres what they are: The World Trade Center and the
National September 11th Memorial and Museum."
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as "that part of the ground situated immediately under an exploding bomb, especially an atomic one." The term was military slang, used at the
Trinity site where the weapon tower for the first
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The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. Also commonly termed the focus.
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soon became known as "ground zero". Rescue workers also used the term "The Big Momma!", referring to the pile of rubble that was left after the buildings collapsed.
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For convenience, the term 'ground zero' will be used to designate the point on the ground directly beneath the point of detonation, or 'air zero.'
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was more populated than that of
Tunguska, resulting in civil damage and injury, mostly from flying glass shards from broken windows.
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Hamill, Denis (16 September 2001). "Rescue
Workers Keep Up Quest for Signs of Life Ruin All Over, But Not One Unkind Word".
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that explodes in the atmosphere rather than strike the surface, is the closest point on the surface to the explosion. The
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were well under way, the term was still frequently used to refer to the site, as when opponents of the
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to mark the point of the most severe damage or destruction. The term is distinguished from the term
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1072:"Using GIS for Visualizing Earthquake Epicenters, Hypocenters, Faults and Lineaments in Montana"
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Royal Air Force Common Core and
Deployment Skills Aide-Memoire AP 3242B VOL 5, ABBREVIATIONS
507:
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187:
85:
2457:
2297:
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972:
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U.S. Strategic
Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
277:
that used to be located at the center of this open space was nicknamed "Cafe Ground Zero".
198:, reported that "Zero" was "the code name given to the spot chosen for the test" in 1945.
27:
Point of origin of an earthquake or the point below a nuclear explosion or meteor air burst
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273:. The open space in the center of the Pentagon became known informally as ground zero. A
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The former hot dog stand nicknamed Cafe Ground Zero in the
Pentagon's center courtyard.
230:
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of the atomic attacks, released in June 1946, used the term liberally, defining it as:
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Monument marking the hypocenter, or ground zero, of the atomic bomb explosion over
3774:
Assistant
Secretary of the Air Force (Installations, Environment & Logistics)
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233:, approximately 800 ft (240 m) away from the intended aiming point at
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830:, a 2020 film that includes a sub-surface nuclear "hypocenter" in its storyline
123:
in that the latter can also be located in the air, underground, or underwater.
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was at "point zero", and moved into general use very shortly after the end of
93:
89:
3769:
Assistant
Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management & Comptroller)
1097:"FAQs - Measuring Earthquakes: Q: How do seismologists locate an earthquake?"
349:
project that was to be located two blocks away from the site labeled it the "
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17:
3517:
Assistant
Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and Environment
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energy stored in the rock is first released, marking the point where the
678:
373:
312:
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Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisitions)
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2054:
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1383:
1325:
1313:
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385:
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In advance of the 10th anniversary of the attacks, New York City mayor
3615:
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller)
291:
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4108:
3779:
Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Manpower & Reserve Affairs)
2489:
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2312:
2049:
2029:
1997:
1147:
1041:"Пострадавшую при падении метеорита перевезут из Челябинска в Москву"
938:. June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers. Page 5.
583:
578:
394:
346:
61:
155:
The term "ground zero" originally referred to the hypocenter of the
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377:
290:
244:
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142:
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1078:. United States Geological Survey. USGS Open-File Report 00-325.
135:
In mapping the effects of an atomic bomb, such as on the city of
3522:
Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs
2387:
2276:
2086:
2044:
792:, there is uncertainty in such measurements that grows with the
785:
4112:
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4040:
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3884:
3620:
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Environment)
3464:
3064:
2990:
2782:
1954:
1941:
1151:
337:
Even after the site was cleaned up and construction on the new
3625:
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)
3502:
Assistant Secretary for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology
2360:
2224:
1019:
755:
An earthquake's hypocenter or focus is the position where the
780:
The focal depth can be calculated from measurements based on
3512:
Assistant Secretary (Financial Management and Comptroller)
969:"Pentagon Hot Dog Stand, Cold War Legend, to be Torn Down"
3363:
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs
3273:
Defense Activity for Non-Traditional Education Support
1076:
Digital Mapping Techniques '00 -- Workshop Proceedings
96:
is its point of origin below ground; a synonym is the
3417:
Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense
3183:
Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center
3071:(including defense agencies and DoD field activities)
971:. United States Department of Defense. Archived from
328:
caused the weakened 110-story skyscrapers to collapse
3298:
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
763:
begins to rupture. This occurs directly beneath the
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4797:
4721:
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2110:
1978:
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1617:
1608:
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1518:
1480:
1471:
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1324:
1247:
1189:
1070:Kennelly, Patrick J.; Stickney, Michael C. (2000).
3784:General Counsel of the Department of the Air Force
3764:Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition)
1910:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
30:"Ground zero" redirects here. For other uses, see
3348:National Security Agency/Central Security Service
1103:. United States Geological Survey. Archived from
751:Hypocenter (Focus) and epicenter of an earthquake
326:, causing massive damage and starting fires that
229:. At Hiroshima, the hypocenter of the attack was
4508:Chambers Street–WTC/Park Place/Cortlandt Street
3323:Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
181:
3682:Organization of the United States Marine Corps
3278:Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute
4124:
3002:
2613:Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR)
1163:
728:
8:
3398:General Counsel of the Department of Defense
3379:American Forces Radio and Television Service
4631:National September 11 Memorial & Museum
3287:Defense Civilian Personnel Advisory Service
967:Smith, Steven Donald (September 20, 2006).
343:National September 11 Memorial & Museum
318:and were flown into the Twin Towers of the
4878:
4869:
4373:
4228:
4131:
4117:
4109:
4077:
4037:
3957:
3934:Alternate National Military Command Center
3904:Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
3881:
3789:Air Force Office of Special Investigations
3474:
3461:
3101:Special Access Program Oversight Committee
3078:
3061:
3009:
2995:
2987:
2779:
2590:
2522:
2406:
2356:
2349:
2125:
1951:
1938:
1767:
1614:
1477:
1186:
1170:
1156:
1148:
962:
960:
735:
721:
404:
4986:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4805:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
3169:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
169:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4242:1993 World Trade Center Bombing Memorial
3663:Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps
3263:Department of Defense Education Activity
3225:Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)
746:
269:) was an assured target in the event of
5006:Metaphors referring to war and violence
4670:To the Struggle Against World Terrorism
3909:Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman
3687:Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
3338:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
3215:Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee
840:
416:
207:, citing the use of the term in a 1946
68: 'below the center'), also called
4094:Defense Criminal Investigative Service
3807:Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
3701:Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
3238:Defense Finance and Accounting Service
2540:Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR)
1091:
1089:
882:
880:
878:
821:List of nuclear weapon explosion sites
177:United States Strategic Bombing Survey
3899:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
3197:Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
2545:Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)
1051:from the original on 15 February 2023
1015:"Is it time to retire 'Ground zero'?"
7:
3914:Joint Requirements Oversight Council
3802:Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force
3645:Naval Criminal Investigative Service
3179:Defense Technical Information Center
2969:
3730:Structure of the United States Navy
3581:Structure of the United States Army
3507:Assistant Secretary for Civil Works
3205:Defense Security Cooperation Agency
3018:United States Department of Defense
2550:Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR)
1082:from the original on 23 March 2004.
897:from the original on 15 March 2010.
893:. United States Geological Survey.
263:United States Department of Defense
4445:St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church
4351:St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church
4284:World Trade Center Plaza Sculpture
4054:Chief of the National Guard Bureau
3668:Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps
3328:Defense Information Systems Agency
3121:Defense Contract Management Agency
3067:Office of the Secretary of Defense
1510:Positron-emission tomography (PET)
909:"U.S. DoD Terminology: zero point"
891:"Earthquake Glossary – hypocenter"
25:
3332:White House Communications Agency
3210:Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency
3150:Defense Microelectronics Activity
1533:Neutron capture therapy of cancer
1432:Radioisotope thermoelectric (RTG)
88:, or other mid-air explosion. In
3929:National Military Command Center
3759:Under Secretary of the Air Force
3451:
3430:Washington Headquarters Services
3425:Pentagon Force Protection Agency
3408:(Office of Military Commissions)
3283:Defense Travel Management Office
3268:Defense Human Resources Activity
2968:
2957:
2956:
2944:
2633:Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR)
1135:
1121:
1047:(in Russian). 16 February 2013.
954:(London: Museum Press, 1947), 4.
424:
213:report on the destroyed city of
4430:Perelman Performing Arts Center
4277:The World Trade Center Tapestry
4083:Office of the Inspector General
3944:Joint Personnel Recovery Agency
3797:Chief of Staff of the Air Force
3542:Vice Chief of Staff of the Army
3131:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
3113:for Acquisition and Sustainment
3091:Deputy's Advisory Working Group
1722:Historical stockpiles and tests
1101:USGS Earthquake Hazrads Program
127:Trinity, Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4996:Metaphors referring to objects
4951:West Street pedestrian bridges
3696:Vice Chief of Naval Operations
3658:Commandant of the Marine Corps
3343:National Reconnaissance Office
3141:Defense Acquisition University
2623:Energy Multiplier Module (EM2)
1505:Single-photon emission (SPECT)
1:
5001:Metaphors referring to places
4691:Relics from the original WTC
3406:Defense Legal Services Agency
3375:American Forces Press Service
3233:Defense Contract Audit Agency
3136:Office of Economic Adjustment
2951:Nuclear technology portal
1126:The dictionary definition of
1013:Geoghegan, Tom (2011-09-07).
767:, at a distance known as the
111:are also used in relation to
3532:The Administrative Assistant
3161:for Research and Engineering
2813:Field-reversed configuration
2423:Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz
797:from a larger mass of rock.
80:'s surface directly below a
32:Ground zero (disambiguation)
4656:America's Response Monument
3939:National Defense University
3919:Director of the Joint Staff
3741:Department of the Air Force
3635:General Counsel of the Navy
3610:Under Secretary of the Navy
3527:General Counsel of the Army
3497:Under Secretary of the Army
3434:White House Military Office
3318:Defense Intelligence Agency
3250:for Personnel and Readiness
3083:Deputy Secretary of Defense
3052:Deputy Secretary of Defense
2770:Aircraft Reactor Experiment
1717:States with nuclear weapons
849:"hypocenter —- Definitions"
5032:
4336:Rescue and recovery effort
4311:September 11, 2001 attacks
4014:Special Operations Command
3750:Secretary of the Air Force
3706:Director of Naval Reactors
3547:Sergeant Major of the Army
3537:Chief of Staff of the Army
3308:Under Secretary of Defense
3248:Under Secretary of Defense
3159:Under Secretary of Defense
3111:Under Secretary of Defense
2608:Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR)
1732:Tests in the United States
853:Collins English Dictionary
633:Coordinating Committee for
284:
267:Arlington County, Virginia
54:
29:
5011:Military slang and jargon
4881:
4435:Vehicular Security Center
4301:February 26, 1993 bombing
4089:
4076:
4049:
4036:
3969:
3956:
3893:
3880:
3863:United States Space Force
3858:Chief of Space Operations
3727:field organizations: see
3691:Chief of Naval Operations
3679:field organizations: see
3654:Headquarters Marine Corps
3578:field organizations: see
3552:Deputy Chief of Staff G-8
3473:
3460:
3449:
3258:Defense Commissary Agency
3146:Defense Acquisition Board
3077:
3060:
3024:
2938:
2793:
2733:Stable Salt Reactor (SSR)
2628:Reduced-moderation (RMWR)
2593:
2435:Advanced gas-cooled (AGR)
1965:
1950:
1937:
1185:
816:List of meteor air bursts
664:Adams–Williamson equation
204:Oxford English Dictionary
161:Jornada del Muerto desert
4463:ONE: Union of the Senses
4306:January 14, 1998 robbery
3850:Field Operating Agencies
3716:Chief of Naval Personnel
3126:Defense Logistics Agency
3096:Office of Net Assessment
2638:Dual fluid reactor (DFR)
2254:Steam-generating (SGHWR)
1590:Electron-beam processing
612:Seismic intensity scales
607:Seismic magnitude scales
4924:Other nearby structures
4341:NIST report on collapse
3650:Naval Inspector General
3567:Provost Marshal General
3174:Defense Innovation Unit
2753:Organic nuclear reactor
1925:Nuclear power phase-out
1848:Nuclear decommissioning
1788:Reactor-grade plutonium
1538:Targeted alpha-particle
1417:Accidents and incidents
784:phenomena. As with all
332:World Trade Center site
297:World Trade Center site
287:World Trade Center site
92:, the hypocenter of an
4941:Barclay–Vesey Building
4825:WTC in popular culture
4820:Take Back The Memorial
4810:Silverstein Properties
4346:Deutsche Bank Building
4024:Transportation Command
3845:Direct Reporting Units
3827:Judge Advocate General
3640:Judge Advocate General
3592:Department of the Navy
3562:Judge Advocate General
3479:Department of the Army
3371:Defense Media Activity
3187:Missile Defense Agency
752:
674:Earthquake engineering
339:One World Trade Center
307:in 2001, two aircraft
300:
250:
185:
152:
140:
76:, is the point on the
4744:Emery Roth & Sons
4606:Dey Street Passageway
4203:Austin J. Tobin Plaza
4043:National Guard Bureau
3887:Joint Chiefs of Staff
3838:field organizations:
3601:Secretary of the Navy
3488:Secretary of the Army
3293:Defense Health Agency
1915:Anti-nuclear movement
999:Daily News (New York)
750:
697:Earth Sciences Portal
669:Flinn–Engdahl regions
635:Earthquake Prediction
294:
248:
146:
134:
103:Generally, the terms
5016:September 11 attacks
4991:Cold War terminology
4911:One North End Avenue
4906:Winter Garden Atrium
4707:Survivors' Staircase
4530:,
4502:New York City Subway
4208:Windows on the World
3994:Indo-Pacific Command
3467:Military Departments
3387:The Pentagon Channel
3043:Secretary of Defense
2823:Reversed field pinch
2618:Traveling-wave (TWR)
2102:Supercritical (SCWR)
1600:Gemstone irradiation
1144:at Wikimedia Commons
659:Shear wave splitting
368:The hypocenter of a
305:September 11 attacks
4784:Leslie E. Robertson
4754:Christopher O. Ward
4626:9/11 Tribute Museum
4064:Army National Guard
3865:field organizations
1988:Aqueous homogeneous
1783:Reprocessed uranium
1456:Safety and security
948:William L. Laurence
559:Epicentral distance
295:Aerial view of the
165:Socorro, New Mexico
4891:225 Liberty Street
4886:200 Liberty Street
4835:9/11-related media
4739:Nelson Rockefeller
4641:Memory Foundations
4495:Transportation Hub
4263:Sky Gate, New York
4140:World Trade Center
4059:Air National Guard
3963:Combatant Commands
3812:Chief of Chaplains
3725:United States Navy
3711:Chief of Chaplains
3557:Chief of Chaplains
2902:Dense plasma focus
1817:Actinide chemistry
1282:Isotope separation
1179:Nuclear technology
934:2011-06-07 at the
753:
536:Induced seismicity
483:Remotely triggered
391:Chelyabinsk meteor
351:Ground Zero mosque
320:World Trade Center
301:
299:in September 2001.
281:World Trade Center
251:
153:
141:
100:of an earthquake.
4981:Geometric centers
4963:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4919:
4918:
4759:Larry Silverstein
4734:David Rockefeller
4717:
4716:
4586:, and
4538:, and
4361:
4360:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4072:
4071:
4032:
4031:
4019:Strategic Command
3952:
3951:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3677:U.S. Marine Corps
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3383:Stars and Stripes
2984:
2983:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2881:Magnetized-target
2778:
2777:
2741:
2740:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2512:
2511:
2396:
2395:
2328:
2327:
1933:
1932:
1888:
1887:
1757:
1756:
1744:Weapon-free zones
1571:
1570:
1563:Radiopharmacology
1140:Media related to
769:hypocentral depth
745:
744:
393:'s hypocenter in
364:Meteor air bursts
358:Michael Bloomberg
261:(headquarters of
196:Manhattan Project
192:embedded reporter
82:nuclear explosion
16:(Redirected from
5023:
4901:250 Vesey Street
4896:200 Vesey Street
4879:
4874:Brookfield Place
4870:
4779:Daniel Libeskind
4649:Tribute in Light
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4551:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4374:
4229:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4110:
4078:
4038:
3999:Southern Command
3989:Northern Command
3984:European Command
3958:
3882:
3535:The Army Staff:
3475:
3462:
3455:
3454:
3310:for Intelligence
3079:
3072:
3062:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2988:
2972:
2971:
2960:
2959:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2859:
2818:Levitated dipole
2788:
2780:
2728:Helium gas (GFR)
2591:
2586:
2523:
2407:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2126:
2122:
2121:
1960:
1952:
1944:Nuclear reactors
1939:
1838:High-level (HLW)
1768:
1615:
1595:Food irradiation
1585:Atomic gardening
1478:
1461:Nuclear meltdown
1287:Nuclear material
1277:Fissile material
1272:Fertile material
1187:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1149:
1139:
1125:
1109:
1108:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1010:
1004:
1003:
993:
987:
986:
981:
980:
964:
955:
945:
939:
926:
920:
919:
917:
915:
905:
899:
898:
884:
873:
870:
864:
863:
861:
859:
845:
737:
730:
723:
508:Earthquake swarm
428:
405:
370:meteor air burst
330:. The destroyed
188:William Laurence
86:meteor air burst
65:
58:
21:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5020:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4955:
4936:200 West Street
4915:
4868:
4815:Project Rebirth
4793:
4789:Welles Crowther
4749:Austin J. Tobin
4729:Minoru Yamasaki
4713:
4612:
4601:Corbin Building
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4549:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4477:
4379:
4368:
4357:
4289:
4227:
4149:
4142:
4137:
4107:
4098:
4085:
4068:
4045:
4028:
3979:Central Command
3965:
3948:
3902:
3889:
3868:
3852:
3834:
3832:Surgeon General
3822:Chief Scientist
3817:Chief of Safety
3791:
3755:The Secretariat
3753:
3735:
3723:
3721:Surgeon General
3685:
3675:
3652:
3606:The Secretariat
3604:
3586:
3574:
3572:Surgeon General
3534:
3493:The Secretariat
3491:
3469:
3456:
3452:
3439:
3411:
3392:
3357:
3309:
3302:
3249:
3242:
3219:
3191:
3160:
3153:
3112:
3105:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3056:
3020:
3015:
2985:
2980:
2945:
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2926:
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2857:
2842:
2799:
2789:
2784:
2774:
2737:
2642:
2587:
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2564:
2508:
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2392:
2364:
2346:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2324:
2290:
2281:
2263:
2228:
2219:
2133:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2020:Natural fission
1974:
1973:
1961:
1956:
1946:
1929:
1905:Nuclear weapons
1884:
1843:Low-level (LLW)
1821:
1753:
1705:
1604:
1567:
1514:
1467:
1388:
1320:
1243:
1181:
1176:
1118:
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1112:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1012:
1011:
1007:
995:
994:
990:
978:
976:
966:
965:
958:
946:
942:
936:Wayback Machine
927:
923:
913:
911:
907:
906:
902:
889:
885:
876:
871:
867:
857:
855:
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689:
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654:
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637:
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627:
617:
616:
597:
589:
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549:
548:Characteristics
541:
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438:
403:
366:
289:
283:
243:
129:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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5008:
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4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4968:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4931:90 West Street
4927:
4925:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4882:
4876:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4849:
4847:10048 ZIP code
4844:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
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4741:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4689:
4681:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4618:9/11 memorials
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4553:
4543:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4466:
4454:
4452:Westfield Mall
4449:
4448:
4447:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4384:
4382:
4380:and structures
4371:
4369:(2001–present)
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4249:Bent Propeller
4245:
4237:
4235:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4113:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4074:
4073:
4070:
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4067:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3974:Africa Command
3970:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3860:
3847:
3842:
3840:Major Commands
3836:U.S. Air Force
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3745:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3483:
3481:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3458:
3457:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3352:Director/Chief
3345:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3075:
3074:
3065:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3048:Kathleen Hicks
3045:
3035:
3034:
3028:Headquarters:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2966:
2954:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2912:Muon-catalyzed
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2652:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2603:Integral (IFR)
2600:
2594:
2588:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2354:
2347:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2123:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1920:Uranium mining
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1793:Minor actinide
1790:
1785:
1774:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1490:Autoradiograph
1486:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
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1234:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:Atomic nucleus
1209:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1133:
1117:
1116:External links
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:on 2012-03-11.
1085:
1062:
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1005:
988:
956:
952:Dawn over Zero
940:
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709:Related topics
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526:Fault movement
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382:Tunguska event
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285:Main article:
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231:Shima Hospital
223:nuclear weapon
210:New York Times
128:
125:
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24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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4596:Fulton Center
4594:
4582:,
4578:,
4574:,
4570:,
4566:,
4562:,
4557:
4556:Fulton Street
4554:
4547:
4546:WTC Cortlandt
4544:
4534:,
4526:,
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4482:Rapid transit
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4378:Site, towers,
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4004:Space Command
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2869:electrostatic
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2649:
2648:Generation IV
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2614:
2611:
2609:
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2598:Breeder (FBR)
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2561:
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1936:
1926:
1923:
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1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
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1900:Nuclear power
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1891:
1881:
1880:Transmutation
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1677:high-altitude
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1670:
1668:
1667:Proliferation
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1553:Brachytherapy
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1352:
1350:
1349:Cross section
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1337:
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1132:at Wiktionary
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1021:
1016:
1009:
1006:
1001:
1000:
992:
989:
985:
975:on 2015-09-24
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854:
850:
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841:
834:
829:
828:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
809:
807:
804:
803:least squares
798:
795:
791:
788:phenomena in
787:
783:
778:
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
749:
738:
733:
731:
726:
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574:Seismic waves
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324:New York City
321:
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309:were hijacked
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49:Ancient Greek
46:
42:
37:
33:
19:
4851:
4769:Michael Arad
4764:David Childs
4694:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4590: trains)
4542: trains)
4468:
4461:
4440:Liberty Park
4393:Construction
4294:Major events
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4158:Construction
3897:
3748:
3728:
3680:
3599:
3579:
3486:
3039:Lloyd Austin
3031:The Pentagon
3029:
2973:
2961:
2942:
2922:Pyroelectric
2876:Laser-driven
2656:Sodium (SFR)
2583:fast-neutron
2422:
1968:
1858:Reprocessing
1739:WMD treaties
1558:Radiosurgery
1528:Fast-neutron
1500:Scintigraphy
1128:
1105:the original
1100:
1075:
1065:
1053:. Retrieved
1044:
1035:
1024:. Retrieved
1018:
1008:
997:
991:
983:
977:. Retrieved
973:the original
951:
943:
924:
912:. Retrieved
903:
886:
868:
856:. Retrieved
852:
843:
825:
799:
782:seismic wave
779:
772:
768:
754:
653:Other topics
563:
458:Blind thrust
384:occurred in
367:
355:
336:
302:
259:the Pentagon
252:
241:The Pentagon
227:World War II
218:
208:
202:
200:
186:
182:
157:Trinity test
154:
120:
115:, and other
109:surface zero
108:
104:
102:
97:
74:surface zero
73:
69:
62:
59:
52:
44:
40:
38:
36:
4636:Competition
4552: train)
4218:The Bathtub
4150:(1973–2001)
3924:Joint Staff
3854:Space Staff
2833:Stellarator
2797:confinement
2691:Superphénix
2518:Molten-salt
2470:VHTR (HTGR)
2247:HW BLWR 250
2213:R4 Marviken
2142:Pressurized
2112:Heavy water
2096:many others
2025:Pressurized
1980:Light water
1682:underground
1640:Disarmament
1548:Tomotherapy
1543:Proton-beam
1407:Power plant
1369:Temperature
1202:Engineering
1142:Hypocenters
1055:15 February
914:28 November
774:focal depth
641:Forecasting
602:Seismometer
596:Measurement
569:Shadow zone
418:Earthquakes
401:Earthquakes
303:During the
271:nuclear war
253:During the
235:Aioi Bridge
219:ground zero
105:ground zero
70:ground zero
63:hupókentron
4976:Seismology
4970:Categories
4774:THINK Team
4696:The Sphere
4685:The Rising
4470:The Sphere
4367:Second WTC
4270:The Sphere
2858:(acoustic)
2475:PBR (PBMR)
1863:Spent fuel
1853:Repository
1833:Fuel cycle
1800:Activation
1577:Processing
1444:Propulsion
1402:by country
1334:Activation
1129:hypocenter
1026:2011-09-10
979:2010-05-06
835:References
794:wavelength
684:Seismology
625:Prediction
564:Hypocenter
498:Supershear
478:Megathrust
473:Intraplate
468:Interplate
453:Aftershock
316:terrorists
217:, defines
167:, and the
121:zero point
94:earthquake
90:seismology
56:ὑπόκεντρον
47:(from
45:hypocentre
41:hypocenter
18:Hypocentre
4677:Postcards
4663:Empty Sky
4504:stations
4491:stations
4331:Aftermath
4148:First WTC
3576:U.S. Army
2828:Spheromak
2527:Fluorides
2191:IPHWR-700
2186:IPHWR-540
2181:IPHWR-220
1970:Moderator
1650:Explosion
1625:Arms race
1412:Economics
1364:Reflector
1359:Radiation
1354:Generator
1309:Plutonium
1262:Deuterium
1227:Radiation
1197:Chemistry
765:epicenter
554:Epicenter
531:Volcanism
493:Submarine
448:Foreshock
443:Mainshock
275:snack bar
215:Hiroshima
194:with the
149:Hiroshima
137:Hiroshima
117:disasters
113:epidemics
4687:memorial
4679:memorial
4321:Timeline
4316:Collapse
4256:Ideogram
3673:Chaplain
2963:Category
2917:Polywell
2848:Inertial
2805:Magnetic
2560:TMSR-LF1
2555:TMSR-500
2535:Fuji MSR
2495:THTR-300
2335:Graphite
2198:PHWR KWU
2164:ACR-1000
2092:IPWR-900
2075:ACPR1000
2070:HPR-1000
2060:CPR-1000
2035:APR-1400
1826:Disposal
1778:Actinide
1771:Products
1630:Delivery
1473:Medicine
1302:depleted
1297:enriched
1267:Helium-3
1232:ionizing
1080:Archived
1049:Archived
932:Archived
895:Archived
810:See also
704:Category
679:Seismite
410:a series
408:Part of
374:asteroid
341:and the
313:al-Qaeda
255:Cold War
4852:Former:
4457:Artwork
4398:Tenants
4326:Victims
4223:Tenants
4162:Towers
2975:Commons
2886:Z-pinch
2856:Bubble
2838:Tokamak
2701:FBR-600
2681:CFR-600
2676:BN-1200
2342:coolant
2269:Organic
2154:CANDU 9
2151:CANDU 6
2119:coolant
2080:ACP1000
2055:CAP1400
1993:Boiling
1958:Fission
1805:Fission
1749:Weapons
1689:Warfare
1672:Testing
1662:History
1655:effects
1610:Weapons
1520:Therapy
1495:RadBall
1482:Imaging
1374:Thermal
1339:Capture
1326:Neutron
1314:Thorium
1292:Uranium
1257:Tritium
1237:braking
1217:Fission
1207:Physics
1190:Science
858:12 July
790:physics
503:Tsunami
463:Doublet
386:Siberia
4946:Park51
4722:People
2786:Fusion
2746:Others
2686:Phénix
2671:BN-800
2666:BN-600
2661:BN-350
2490:HTR-PM
2485:HTR-10
2465:UHTREX
2430:Magnox
2425:(UNGG)
2318:Lucens
2313:KS 150
2050:ATMEA1
2030:AP1000
2013:Kerena
1893:Debate
1645:Ethics
1635:Design
1618:Topics
1449:rocket
1427:Fusion
1422:Policy
1384:Fusion
1344:Poison
1222:Fusion
757:strain
584:S wave
579:P wave
520:Causes
395:Russia
347:Park51
311:by 10
175:. The
4830:Music
4798:Other
4702:Cross
2907:Migma
2895:Other
2864:Fusor
2763:Piqua
2758:Arbus
2716:PRISM
2458:MHR-T
2453:GTMHR
2383:EGP-6
2378:AMB-X
2353:Water
2298:HWGCR
2237:HWLWR
2176:IPHWR
2147:CANDU
2008:ESBWR
1763:Waste
1727:Tests
1710:Lists
1694:Yield
1437:MMRTG
1394:Power
827:Tenet
761:fault
436:Types
378:comet
372:, an
190:, an
173:Japan
163:near
98:focus
78:Earth
51:
4489:PATH
4213:Mall
2723:Lead
2706:CEFR
2696:PFBR
2578:None
2388:RBMK
2373:AM-1
2303:EL-4
2277:WR-1
2259:AHWR
2203:MZFR
2171:CVTR
2160:AFCR
2087:VVER
2045:APWR
2040:APR+
2003:ABWR
1873:cask
1868:pool
1810:LLFP
1699:TNTe
1379:Fast
1249:Fuel
1057:2023
916:2016
860:2024
786:wave
488:Slow
201:The
107:and
4857:IFC
4388:One
4233:Art
2795:by
2711:PFR
2502:PMR
2480:AVR
2402:Gas
2340:by
2308:KKN
2242:ATR
2157:EC6
2117:by
2065:EPR
1998:BWR
1045:RIA
1020:BBC
771:or
376:or
353:".
322:in
265:in
171:in
159:in
72:or
43:or
4972::
3856::
3795::
3757::
3689::
3656::
3608::
3495::
3385:,
3381:,
3377:,
3050:,
3041:,
2445:He
2411:CO
2287:CO
2208:R3
1099:.
1088:^
1074:.
1043:.
1017:.
982:.
959:^
950:,
877:^
851:.
777:.
412:on
257:,
237:.
84:,
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4588:Z
4584:J
4580:C
4576:A
4572:5
4568:4
4564:3
4560:2
4558:(
4550:1
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4540:W
4536:R
4532:N
4528:E
4524:C
4520:A
4516:3
4512:2
4510:(
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4410:3
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1059:.
1029:.
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918:.
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