1380:, heterozygotes, and homozygotes) with approximately 95 percent accuracy. This finding helps in the early diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis, especially while serum ferritin still remains low. The retained iron in hereditary hemochromatosis is primarily deposited in parenchymal cells, with reticuloendothelial cell accumulation occurring very late in the disease. This is in contrast to transfusional iron overload in which iron deposition occurs first in the reticuloendothelial cells and then in parenchymal cells. This explains why ferritin levels remain relative low in hereditary hemochromatosis, while transferrin saturation is high.
1401:
compensated and stable decompensated cirrhotic patients. The same study demonstrated that increased serum ferritin levels could predict the development of bacterial infection in stable decompensated cirrhotic patients, while in compensated cirrhotic patients the appearance of the very first acute decompensation episode showed higher incidence in patients with low serum ferritin levels. This latter finding was explaind by the association between chronic bleeding and increased portal pressure.
1035:. The ferroxidase activity occurs at a diiron binding site in the middle of each H-type subunits. After oxidation of Fe(II), the Fe(III) product stays metastably in the ferroxidase center and is displaced by Fe(II), a mechanism that appears to be common among ferritins of all three domains of life. The light chain of ferritin has no ferroxidase activity but may be responsible for the electron transfer across the protein cage.
484:
921:
1231:. However it is less sensitive, since its levels are increased in the blood by infection or any type of chronic inflammation, and these conditions may convert what would otherwise be a low level of ferritin from lack of iron, into a value in the normal range. For this reason, low ferritin levels carry more information than those in the normal range. A
40:
1400:
Studies showed association between high serum ferritin levels and increased risk of short-term mortality in cirrhotic patients with acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure. An other study found association between high serum ferritin levels and increased risk of long-term mortality in
1271:
is not a cause of low serum ferritin levels, according to the
American Dietetic Association's position in 2009: "Incidence of iron-deficiency anemia among vegetarians is similar to that of non-vegetarians. Although vegetarian adults have lower iron stores than non-vegetarians, their serum ferritin
1078:
has many roles pertaining to molecular function. It participates in ferroxidase activity, binding, iron ion binding, oxidoreductase activity, ferric iron binding, metal ion binding as well as transition metal binding. Within the realm of biological processes it participates in oxidation-reduction,
928:
Ferritin is present in every cell type. It serves to store iron in a non-toxic form, to deposit it in a safe form, and to transport it to areas where it is required. The function and structure of the expressed ferritin protein varies in different cell types. This is controlled primarily by the
1022:
Vertebrate ferritin consists of two or three subunits which are named based on their molecular weight: L "light", H "heavy", and M "middle" subunits. The M subunit has only been reported in bullfrogs. In bacteria and archaea, ferritin consists of one subunit type. H and M subunits of eukaryotic
1087:
In some snails, the protein component of the egg yolk is primarily ferritin. This is a different ferritin, with a different genetic sequence, from the somatic ferritin. It is produced in the midgut glands and secreted into the haemolymph, whence it is transported to the eggs.
1217:, while a level below 10 ng/mL indicates iron-deficiency anemia. A 2020 World Health Organization guideline states that ferritin indicates iron deficiency below 12 ng/mL in apparently-healthy children under 5 and 15 ng/mL in apparently-healthy individuals of 5 and over.
1023:
ferritin and all subunits of bacterial and archaeal ferritin are H-type and have ferroxidase activity, which means they are able to convert iron from the ferrous (Fe) to ferric (Fe) forms. This limits the deleterious reaction which occurs between ferrous iron and
1440:
shells served as a template to restrain particle growth and as a coating to prevent coagulation/aggregation between NPs. Using various sizes of protein shells, various sizes of NPs can be easily synthesized for chemical, physical and bio-medical applications.
1280:
If ferritin is high, there is iron in excess or else there is an acute inflammatory reaction in which ferritin is mobilized without iron excess. For example, ferritins may be high in infection without signaling body iron overload.
1568:
Langlois d'Estaintot B, Santambrogio P, Granier T, Gallois B, Chevalier JM, Précigoux G, Levi S, Arosio P (July 2004). "Crystal structure and biochemical properties of the human mitochondrial ferritin and its mutant Ser144Ala".
1051:, although possessing endotoxin, cause plasma ferritin levels to drop significantly within the first 48 hours of infection. Thus, the iron stores of the infected body are denied to the infective agent, impeding its metabolism.
3672:
Eng SC, Taylor SL, Reyes V, Raaka S, Berger J, Kowdley KV (June 2005). "Hepatic iron overload in alcoholic end-stage liver disease is associated with iron deposition in other organs in the absence of HFE-1 hemochromatosis".
2317:
Zhang Y, Mikhael M, Xu D, Li Y, Soe-Lin S, Ning B, et al. (October 2010). "Lysosomal proteolysis is the primary degradation pathway for cytosolic ferritin and cytosolic ferritin degradation is necessary for iron exit".
2594:
Beck G, Ellis TW, Habicht GS, Schluter SF, Marchalonis JJ (January 2002). "Evolution of the acute phase response: iron release by echinoderm (Asterias forbesi) coelomocytes, and cloning of an echinoderm ferritin molecule".
933:(mRNA), but also by changes in how the mRNA is stored and how efficiently it is transcribed. One major trigger for the production of many ferritins is the mere presence of iron; an exception is the yolk ferritin of
1375:
Studies reveal that a transferrin saturation (serum iron concentration ÷ total iron binding capacity) over 60 percent in men and over 50 percent in women identified the presence of an abnormality in iron metabolism
3885:
Uchida M, Flenniken ML, Allen M, Willits DA, Crowley BE, Brumfield S, Willis AF, Jackiw L, Jutila M, Young MJ, Douglas T (December 2006). "Targeting of Cancer Cells with
Ferrimagnetic Ferritin Cage Nanoparticles".
1388:
Hematological abnormalities often associate with chronic liver diseases. Both iron overload and iron deficient anemia have been reported in patients with liver cirrhosis. The former is mainly due to reduced
1514:
Granier T, Langlois d'Estaintot B, Gallois B, Chevalier JM, Précigoux G, Santambrogio P, Arosio P (January 2003). "Structural description of the active sites of mouse L-chain ferritin at 1.2 A resolution".
1397:. Inflammation is also present in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. As a consequence, elevated hepatic and serum ferritin levels are consistently reported in chronic liver diseases.
4704:
3516:
Cotler SJ, Bronner MP, Press RD, Carlson TH, Perkins JD, Emond MJ, Kowdley KV (August 1998). "End-stage liver disease without hemochromatosis associated with elevated hepatic iron index".
1460:
MTTASTSQVR QNYHQDSEAA INRQINLELY ASYVYLSMSY YFDRDDVALK NFAKYFLHQS HEEREHAEKL MKLQNQRGGR IFLQDIKKPD CDDWESGLNA MECALHLEKN VNQSLLEFPS PISPSPSCWH HYTTNRPQPQ HHLLRPRRRK RPHSIPTPIL IFRSP.
1342:
are considered to be possible immunological biomarkers for severe and fatal cases of COVID-19. Ferritin and C-reactive protein may be possible screening tools for early diagnosis of
634:
and releases it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all living organisms, including archaea, bacteria, algae, higher plants, and animals. It is the primary
3602:
Guyader D, Thirouard AS, Erdtmann L, Rakba N, Jacquelinet S, Danielou H, et al. (April 2007). "Liver iron is a surrogate marker of severe fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C".
751:
and comprising 24 subunits. Typically it has internal and external diameters of about 8 and 12 nm, respectively. The nature of these subunits varies by class of organism:
1142:. The ranges for ferritin can vary between laboratories but typical ranges would be between 40 and 300 ng/mL (=μg/L) for males, and 20–200 ng/mL (=μg/L) for females.
1118:
The ferritin levels measured usually have a direct correlation with the total amount of iron stored in the body. However, ferritin levels may be artificially high in cases of
1941:
Andrews SC, Arosio P, Bottke W, Briat JF, von Darl M, Harrison PM, Laulhère JP, Levi S, Lobreaux S, Yewdall SJ (1992). "Structure, function, and evolution of ferritins".
3716:
Maiwall R, Kumar S, Chaudhary AK, Maras J, Wani Z, Kumar C, et al. (July 2014). "Serum ferritin predicts early mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis".
3956:
Ueno T, Suzuki M, Goto T, Matsumoto T, Nagayama K, Watanabe Y (May 2004). "Size-Selective Olefin
Hydrogenation by a Pd Nanocluster Provided in an Apo-Ferritin Cage".
152:
4697:
4169:
2773:
3038:
Kryger MH, Otake K, Foerster J (March 2002). "Low body stores of iron and restless legs syndrome: a correctable cause of insomnia in adolescents and teenagers".
2402:
Honarmand
Ebrahimi K, Bill E, Hagedoorn PL, Hagen WR (November 2012). "The catalytic center of ferritin regulates iron storage via Fe(II)-Fe(III) displacement".
2255:
Yano M, Nagai K, Morimoto K, Miyamoto H (June 2006). "Shematrin: a family of glycine-rich structural proteins in the shell of the pearl oyster
Pinctada fucata".
1429:
688:
complex consisting of 24 protein subunits forming a hollow nanocage with multiple metal–protein interactions. Ferritin that is not combined with iron is called
507:
358:
209:
2787:
Verdon F, Burnand B, Stubi CL, Bonard C, Graff M, Michaud A, Bischoff T, de Vevey M, Studer JP, Herzig L, Chapuis C, Tissot J, Pécoud A, Favrat B (May 2003).
2437:
Watt RK (March 2013). "A unified model for ferritin iron loading by the catalytic center: implications for controlling "free iron" during oxidative stress".
1976:
Zhang Y, Meng Q, Jiang T, Wang H, Xie L, Zhang R (May 2003). "A novel ferritin subunit involved in shell formation from the pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata)".
1862:
De Zoysa M, Lee J (September 2007). "Two ferritin subunits from disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus): cloning, characterization and expression analysis".
4690:
4286:
3357:
Kennedy A, Kohn M, Lammi A, Clarke S (August 2004). "Iron status and haematological changes in adolescent female inpatients with anorexia nervosa".
2480:
Carmona U, Li L, Zhang L, Knez M (December 2014). "Ferritin light-chain subunits: key elements for the electron transfer across the protein cage".
4471:
1343:
3848:"Silver Ion Incorporation and Nanoparticle Formation inside the Cavity ofPyrococcus furiosusFerritin: Structural and Size-Distribution Analyses"
1475:
5266:
5261:
2971:
2749:
100:
5271:
988:
correlates with total body stores of iron; thus, the serum ferritin FR5Rl is the most convenient laboratory test to estimate iron stores.
2885:
Guyatt GH, Patterson C, Ali M, Singer J, Levine M, Turpie I, Meyer R (March 1990). "Diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in the elderly".
5002:
4162:
1047:
are an up-regulator of the gene coding for ferritin, thus causing the concentration of ferritin to rise. By contrast, organisms such as
531:
382:
233:
1609:
1368:. The rise of these isoferritins may contribute to an overall increase in ferritin concentration. The measurement of ferritin through
1309:
980:. Iron in ferritin or hemosiderin can be extracted for release by the RE cells, although hemosiderin is less readily available. Under
2924:
995:
to control the concentration and distribution of iron, thus sculpting shell morphology and colouration. It also plays a role in the
3753:"Dysregulated iron homeostasis is strongly associated with multiorgan failure and early mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure"
3451:"Diagnosis and management of hemochromatosis: 2011 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases"
2989:"Association of Hypothyroidism With Low Serum Ferritin Levels and Iron-Deficiency Anemia During the First Trimester of Pregnancy"
1364:, isoferritins may be released. Furthermore, ferritin has significant non-storage roles within the body, such as protection from
519:
370:
221:
4626:
2053:
1393:
level caused by the decreased synthetic capacity of the liver, while the latter is due to acute and chronic bleeding caused by
512:
363:
214:
4279:
4155:
3273:"Biomarkers of cytokine storm as red flags for severe and fatal COVID-19 cases: A living systematic review and meta-analysis"
2925:"Interpretation of biochemical tests for iron deficiency: diagnostic difficulties related to limitations of individual tests"
1372:
or immunoturbidimeteric methods may also be picking up these isoferritins thus not a true reflection of iron storage status.
1313:
3921:
Li M, Viravaidya C, Mann S (September 2007). "Polymer-Mediated
Synthesis of Ferritin-Encapsulated Inorganic Nanoparticles".
2838:"Effect of iron supplementation on fatigue in nonanemic menstruating women with low ferritin: a randomized controlled trial"
1301:
172:
2290:
Kyung-Suk K, Webb J, Macey D (1986). "Properties and role of ferritin in the hemolymph of the chiton
Clavarizona hirtosa".
5291:
5203:
4959:
2518:
Ong DS, Wang L, Zhu Y, Ho B, Ding JL (2005). "The response of ferritin to LPS and acute phase of
Pseudomonas infection".
1096:
In vertebrates, ferritin is usually found within cells, although it is also present in smaller quantities in the plasma.
4005:"Ferritin nanoparticle-based SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine induces a persistent antibody response and long-term memory in mice"
972:. Apoferritin binds to free ferrous iron and stores it in the ferric state. As ferritin accumulates within cells of the
1827:
Theil EC (1987). "Ferritin: structure, gene regulation, and cellular function in animals, plants, and microorganisms".
5286:
4895:
4857:
1897:
1115:. They are measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) or micrograms per liter (μg/L); the two units are equivalent.
2789:"Iron supplementation for unexplained fatigue in non-anaemic women: double blind randomised placebo controlled trial"
2555:"Accumulation and translation of ferritin heavy chain transcripts following anoxia exposure in a marine invertebrate"
3990:
5236:
2052:
Lovell SC, Davis IW, Arendall WB, de Bakker PI, Word JM, Prisant MG, Richardson JS, Richardson DC (February 2003).
1377:
973:
4787:
837:
All the aforementioned ferritins are similar, in terms of their primary sequence, with the vertebrate H-type. In
5296:
5064:
4272:
1445:
1422:
1119:
991:
Because iron is an important mineral in mineralization, ferritin is employed in the shells of organisms such as
887:. When a mitochondrion takes it up, it processes it into a mature protein similar to the ferritins found in the
5276:
4937:
4662:
4072:
3331:
1357:, perhaps due to iron going into storage as intravascular volume and thus the number of red blood cells falls.
4243:
160:
1605:
891:, which it assembles to form functional ferritin shells. Unlike other human ferritins, it appears to have no
4932:
4800:
4765:
4667:
957:
4147:
5198:
5052:
4890:
4852:
4529:
4299:
1262:
1228:
1112:
1075:
880:
674:
524:
3498:
375:
226:
4992:
4969:
4954:
4885:
4644:
4435:
4399:
4316:
4186:
3797:"Abnormal ferritin levels predict development of poor outcomes in cirrhotic outpatients: a cohort study"
428:
279:
767:, which have apparent molecular mass of 19 kDa and 21 kDa, respectively; their sequences are
156:
5281:
5190:
5047:
5035:
5012:
4867:
4735:
4636:
4618:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4253:
4078:
3284:
2209:
2121:
1480:
1320:
760:
577:
202:
187:
113:
2741:
WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populations
5028:
5023:
4920:
4760:
1394:
1123:
1064:
968:
compartments. Within cells, iron is stored in a protein complex as ferritin or the related complex
724:
720:
3222:"Correlation between Micronutrient plasma concentration and disease severity in COVID-19 patients"
4745:
4654:
4238:
3698:
3431:
3382:
3151:
3104:
2767:
2720:
2658:
2462:
2084:
1540:
1328:
1139:
1135:
1108:
854:
701:
283:
2633:
Bottke W, Burschyk M, Volmer J (1988). "On the origin of the yolk protein ferritin in snails".
2011:
Levi S, Corsi B, Bosisio M, Invernizzi R, Volz A, Sanford D, Arosio P, Drysdale J (July 2001).
841:, a 20% similarity to human H-ferritin is observed. Some ferritin complexes in vertebrates are
5130:
5109:
4777:
4772:
4600:
4127:
4106:
4085:
4034:
3973:
3938:
3903:
3867:
3828:
3774:
3733:
3690:
3654:
3619:
3584:
3533:
3480:
3423:
3374:
3312:
3243:
3202:
3143:
3096:
3055:
3020:
2967:
2961:
2902:
2867:
2818:
2755:
2745:
2712:
2704:
2650:
2612:
2576:
2535:
2497:
2454:
2419:
2381:
2335:
2272:
2237:
2178:
2076:
2034:
1993:
1958:
1879:
1844:
1798:
1757:
1703:
1654:
1586:
1558:
1532:
1504:
1410:
1060:
1024:
965:
896:
884:
804:
768:
732:
147:
2198:"Dynamic expression of ancient and novel molluscan shell genes during ecological transitions"
1010:
Iron is released from ferritin for use by ferritin degradation, which is performed mainly by
5220:
4877:
4516:
4307:
4205:
4024:
4016:
3965:
3930:
3895:
3859:
3818:
3808:
3764:
3725:
3682:
3646:
3611:
3574:
3564:
3553:"Iron deficiency anemia in chronic liver disease: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment"
3525:
3470:
3462:
3413:
3366:
3302:
3292:
3251:
3233:
3192:
3182:
3135:
3086:
3047:
3010:
3000:
2936:
2894:
2857:
2849:
2808:
2800:
2696:
2642:
2604:
2566:
2527:
2489:
2446:
2411:
2371:
2327:
2299:
2264:
2227:
2217:
2168:
2160:
2129:
2068:
2024:
1985:
1950:
1871:
1836:
1788:
1747:
1739:
1693:
1685:
1674:"Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications"
1644:
1636:
1578:
1524:
1470:
1432:) proteins have been successfully used as the reaction chamber for the fabrication of metal
1365:
1361:
1350:
1032:
744:
685:
572:
423:
274:
3795:
Tornai D, Antal-Szalmas P, Tornai T, Papp M, Tornai I, Sipeki N, et al. (March 2021).
3271:
Melo AK, Milby KM, Caparroz AL, Pinto AC, Santos RR, Rocha AP, et al. (29 June 2021).
964:. Hence vertebrates have an elaborate set of protective mechanisms to bind iron in various
581:
139:
5213:
5208:
4608:
4554:
4390:
4178:
1418:
1293:
1214:
1028:
961:
842:
816:
670:
647:
601:
452:
432:
303:
2946:
1265:, not necessarily related to anemia, but perhaps due to low iron stores short of anemia.
1059:
The concentration of ferritin has been shown to increase in response to stresses such as
3288:
2213:
2125:
1840:
1043:
Ferritin concentrations increase drastically in the presence of an infection or cancer.
5121:
4977:
4750:
4740:
4336:
4182:
4029:
4004:
3823:
3796:
3579:
3552:
3475:
3450:
3307:
3272:
3256:
3221:
3197:
3170:
3015:
2988:
2862:
2837:
2232:
2197:
2173:
2148:
1752:
1727:
1698:
1673:
1649:
1624:
1255:
1247:
1236:
1000:
945:
646:, keeping iron in a soluble and non-toxic form. In humans, it acts as a buffer against
483:
3751:
Maras JS, Maiwall R, Harsha HC, Das S, Hussain MS, Kumar C, et al. (April 2015).
3650:
3529:
3051:
2813:
2788:
2608:
2360:"Unity in the biochemistry of the iron-storage proteins ferritin and bacterioferritin"
1989:
920:
5255:
5164:
5143:
5057:
4982:
4915:
4534:
4483:
4136:
4115:
4094:
4068:
3686:
3370:
3220:
Alkattan A, Alabdulkareem K, Kamel A, Abdelseed H, Almutairi Y, Alsalameen E (2021).
3171:"Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019"
3091:
3074:
2987:
Vinayagamoorthi, R; Pooja, D; Rupavani, K; Sabita, P; Hemavathy, V (23 August 2022).
2898:
2303:
2257:
Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
1978:
Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
1954:
1433:
1339:
1297:
1289:
1268:
930:
850:
748:
662:
651:
105:
4682:
3702:
3386:
3108:
2724:
2662:
2466:
2092:
1544:
857:
proteins in the complex depends on the relative expression levels of the two genes.
68:
5169:
5138:
5041:
4942:
4730:
4409:
4248:
3847:
3435:
3155:
2088:
1414:
1354:
1104:
981:
953:
873:
669:
of the total amount of iron stored in the body; hence, serum ferritin is used as a
135:
3238:
1227:
In the setting of anemia, low serum ferritin is the most specific lab finding for
81:
3297:
2941:
1640:
548:
399:
250:
93:
17:
4987:
4947:
4927:
4862:
4824:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4722:
4591:
4498:
4493:
4466:
4364:
4359:
4233:
4217:
4212:
2684:
2164:
1485:
1369:
1240:
985:
977:
969:
900:
861:
829:
678:
611:
462:
313:
4264:
4020:
3813:
3729:
3615:
3402:"Unexpected increased ferritin concentration in patients with anorexia nervosa"
3139:
3123:
2268:
1743:
723:
14 and 15, 34 and 35, and 82 and 83; in addition, there are one to two hundred
4907:
4847:
4834:
4755:
4714:
4488:
4355:
4295:
2804:
2759:
2133:
1875:
1793:
1776:
1582:
1528:
1305:
1044:
996:
904:
756:
717:
639:
555:
406:
257:
3418:
3401:
3247:
2708:
2112:
Seckback J (1982). "Ferreting out the secrets of plant ferritin - A review".
5079:
5074:
5069:
4997:
4795:
4476:
2531:
2222:
1285:
1224:
and ferritin below 50 ng/mL see reduced fatigue after iron supplementation.
888:
869:
865:
791:
774:
666:
643:
4038:
3977:
3969:
3942:
3934:
3907:
3871:
3846:
Kasyutich O, Ilari A, Fiorillo A, Tatchev D, Hoell A, Ceci P (March 2010).
3832:
3778:
3737:
3694:
3623:
3588:
3569:
3484:
3427:
3378:
3316:
3206:
3147:
3100:
3059:
3024:
2871:
2822:
2739:
2716:
2654:
2616:
2580:
2539:
2501:
2458:
2450:
2423:
2385:
2339:
2276:
2241:
2182:
2080:
2038:
2029:
2012:
1997:
1905:
1883:
1802:
1761:
1707:
1658:
1590:
1536:
1331:
can be used to exclude elevated ferritin caused by acute phase reactions.
665:
where it functions as an iron carrier. Plasma ferritin is also an indirect
3658:
3537:
2906:
2700:
2415:
2331:
1962:
1848:
1689:
1606:"Iron Use and Storage in the Body: Ferritin and Molecular Representations"
109:
5159:
5091:
4457:
4404:
4325:
4052:
3005:
1390:
1335:
1011:
949:
784:
728:
560:
411:
262:
88:
2853:
787:
have a single ferritin; it most closely resembles the vertebrate H-type.
5099:
4577:
4572:
4539:
4141:
4131:
4120:
4110:
4099:
4089:
3637:
Adams PC (1998). "Iron overload in viral and alcoholic liver disease".
2646:
2493:
2072:
1437:
1324:
1221:
1079:
iron ion transport across membranes and cellular iron ion homeostasis.
992:
892:
799:
658:
627:
3899:
3863:
3769:
3752:
3466:
3187:
2571:
2554:
2376:
2359:
2054:"Structure validation by Calpha geometry: phi,psi and Cbeta deviation"
1562:
1508:
5104:
3169:
Chen G, Wu D, Guo W, Cao Y, Huang D, Wang H, et al. (May 2020).
3075:"CSF iron, ferritin and transferrin levels in restless legs syndrome"
2147:
Orino K, Lehman L, Tsuji Y, Ayaki H, Torti SV, Torti FM (July 2001).
1448:'s receptor binding domain on the surface of ferritin nanoparticles.
1251:
1004:
713:
705:
543:
394:
245:
167:
3073:
Mizuno S, Mihara T, Miyaoka T, Inagaki T, Horiguchi J (March 2005).
39:
1444:
Experimental COVID-19 vaccines have been produced that display the
1316:
are diseases in which the ferritin level may be abnormally raised.
731:
residue at amino acid position 27 is thought to be associated with
4544:
4524:
3449:
Bacon BR, Adams PC, Kowdley KV, Powell LW, Tavill AS (July 2011).
1623:
Wang W, Knovich MA, Coffman LG, Torti FM, Torti SV (August 2010).
941:
919:
795:
780:
677:. Aggregated ferritin transforms into a toxic form of iron called
3993:. On: SciTechDaily. January 10, 2021. Source: Stanford University
3124:"Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets"
4567:
4562:
4461:
4345:
1122:, where ferritin is elevated in its capacity as an inflammatory
1003:, where it serves to rapidly transport iron to the mineralizing
846:
808:
764:
709:
631:
536:
387:
343:
328:
238:
129:
75:
63:
4686:
4268:
4151:
2013:"A human mitochondrial ferritin encoded by an intronless gene"
2358:
Honarmand Ebrahimi K, Hagedoorn PL, Hagen WR (January 2015).
876:. Each ferritin complex can store about 4500 iron (Fe) ions.
4126:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
4105:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
4084:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
1338:
and may correlate with worse clinical outcome. Ferritin and
833:, two types are present: one in males, the other in females.
2836:
Vaucher P, Druais PL, Waldvogel S, Favrat B (August 2012).
1360:
Another study suggests that due to the catabolic nature of
1353:
patients, ferritin can be elevated during periods of acute
704:
between species. All vertebrate ferritin genes have three
1261:
Low serum ferritin levels are seen in some patients with
3991:
Stanford's Single-Dose Nanoparticle Vaccine for COVID-19
1334:
Ferritin has been shown to be elevated in some cases of
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2683:
Camaschella, Clara (2015-05-07). Longo, Dan L. (ed.).
2292:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
1629:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
1213:
stated that a ferritin level below 30 ng/mL indicates
1146:
Normal ferritin blood levels according to sex and age
488:
Crystallographic structure of mitochondrial ferritin.
1898:"Ferritin Structure and Its Biomedical Implications"
5229:
5189:
5182:
5152:
5129:
5120:
5090:
5011:
4968:
4906:
4876:
4833:
4786:
4721:
4653:
4635:
4617:
4599:
4590:
4553:
4515:
4434:
4427:
4389:
4335:
4324:
4315:
4306:
4226:
4193:
4003:Wang W, Huang B, Zhu Y, Tan W, Zhu M (March 2021).
3400:Tran J, Story C, Moore D, Metz M (September 2013).
1456:The primary peptide sequence of human ferritin is:
607:
597:
592:
571:
566:
554:
542:
530:
518:
506:
498:
493:
476:
458:
448:
443:
422:
417:
405:
393:
381:
369:
357:
349:
339:
334:
327:
309:
299:
294:
273:
268:
256:
244:
232:
220:
208:
198:
193:
186:
166:
146:
128:
123:
99:
87:
74:
62:
54:
49:
32:
1134:A normal ferritin blood level, referred to as the
924:Iron uptake through the 3-fold channel of ferritin
895:in its genetic code. The mitochondrial ferritin's
824:soma ferritin is associated with shell formation.
661:protein, but small amounts are secreted into the
1428:Cavities formed by ferritin and mini-ferritins (
2149:"Ferritin and the response to oxidative stress"
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1672:MacKenzie EL, Iwasaki K, Tsuji Y (June 2008).
1239:test) is very uncommon, but can result from a
4698:
4280:
4163:
3551:Gkamprela E, Deutsch M, Pectasides D (2017).
2918:
2916:
2628:
2626:
2397:
2395:
2353:
2351:
2349:
1272:levels are usually within the normal range."
8:
3128:Journal of the American Dietetic Association
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1721:
1719:
1717:
872:ions. The resulting particle is similar to
5186:
5126:
4705:
4691:
4683:
4596:
4431:
4332:
4321:
4312:
4287:
4273:
4265:
4170:
4156:
4148:
2842:CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal
2772:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2513:
2511:
2196:Jackson DJ, Wörheide G, Degnan BM (2007).
1777:"Regulation of ferritin genes and protein"
1625:"Serum ferritin: Past, present and future"
860:Inside the ferritin shell, iron ions form
777:have an additional ("M") type of ferritin.
589:
482:
440:
291:
120:
38:
4071:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
4028:
3822:
3812:
3768:
3578:
3568:
3474:
3417:
3306:
3296:
3255:
3237:
3196:
3186:
3090:
3014:
3004:
2940:
2861:
2812:
2570:
2375:
2231:
2221:
2172:
2028:
1792:
1751:
1697:
1648:
1517:Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry
1243:of the measuring tools in extreme cases.
984:conditions, the level of ferritin in the
727:at either end of the combined exons. The
3888:Journal of the American Chemical Society
3852:Journal of the American Chemical Society
2635:Roux's Archives of Developmental Biology
2597:Developmental and Comparative Immunology
1904:. Universidad de Granada. Archived from
1323:, it is often elevated in the course of
1144:
44:Structure of the murine ferritin complex
4472:Iron-responsive element-binding protein
3359:Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
1496:
1344:systemic inflammatory response syndrome
1126:and not as a marker for iron overload.
1111:as part of the iron studies workup for
937:, which lacks an iron-responsive unit.
657:Ferritin is found in most tissues as a
2765:
1728:"Ferritin protein nanocages-the story"
1476:DNA-binding protein from starved cells
803:, two types have been recovered, from
473:
324:
183:
29:
3790:
3788:
3175:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
1220:Some studies suggest that women with
7:
5003:Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB
4009:Cellular & Molecular Immunology
2966:. ISIS Medical Media. p. 341.
2963:The Science of Laboratory Diagnosis
2559:The Journal of Experimental Biology
2017:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1841:10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.001445
1031:which produces the highly damaging
976:, protein aggregates are formed as
820:, an additional subunit resembling
3122:Craig WJ, Mangels AR (July 2009).
2738:World Health Organization (2020).
2553:Larade K, Storey KB (March 2004).
2320:Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
1678:Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
1610:Washington University in St. Louis
1310:hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
1209:According to a 2014 review in the
636:intracellular iron-storage protein
25:
4140:(Ferritin, mitochondrial) at the
4053:"Ferritin - Homo sapiens (Human)"
1943:Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
899:shows its structure to be mainly
883:, MtF, was found to express as a
853:properties. The ratio of the two
849:products with slightly different
759:, the subunits are of two types,
3687:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.01004.x
3371:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00432.x
3092:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2004.00403.x
2887:The American Journal of Medicine
2100:MolProbity Ramachandran analysis
1235:blood ferritin (equivalent to a
1107:ferritin levels are measured in
4627:Phosphoric acids and phosphates
3406:Annals of Clinical Biochemistry
2689:New England Journal of Medicine
1864:Fish & Shellfish Immunology
1775:Torti FM, Torti SV (May 2002).
1246:Low ferritin may also indicate
1211:New England Journal of Medicine
4119:(Ferritin heavy chain) at the
4098:(Ferritin light chain) at the
3226:Alexandria Journal of Medicine
2960:Burnett D, Crocker JR (1999).
1413:as a precursor in making iron
1314:macrophage activation syndrome
1063:, which implies that it is an
1:
4960:Comprehensive metabolic panel
4360:Ferroportin (SLC11A3/SLC40A1)
3651:10.1016/S0168-8278(98)80370-X
3530:10.1016/S0168-8278(98)80011-1
3461:(1). Baltimore, Md.: 328–43.
3239:10.1080/20905068.2020.1870788
3052:10.1016/S1389-9457(01)00160-5
2609:10.1016/S0145-305X(01)00051-9
2520:Journal of Endotoxin Research
1990:10.1016/S1096-4959(03)00050-2
1829:Annual Review of Biochemistry
626:is a universal intracellular
329:ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1
124:Available protein structures:
5267:Genes on human chromosome 11
5262:Genes on human chromosome 19
3298:10.1371/journal.pone.0253894
2942:10.18773/austprescr.1997.063
2899:10.1016/0002-9343(90)90143-2
2304:10.1016/0304-4165(86)90188-1
1955:10.1016/0162-0134(92)84062-R
1641:10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.03.011
1571:Journal of Molecular Biology
5272:Genes on human chromosome 5
4896:Thyroid-stimulating hormone
4858:Total iron-binding capacity
3332:"What is a cytokine storm?"
2793:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
1608:. Department of Chemistry,
1302:Adult-onset Still's disease
1284:Ferritin is also used as a
811:, respectively (see below).
188:ferritin, light polypeptide
5313:
5237:Elevated alpha-fetoprotein
4021:10.1038/s41423-021-00643-6
3814:10.1186/s12876-021-01669-w
3730:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.03.027
3616:10.1016/j.jhep.2006.09.021
3557:Annals of Gastroenterology
3140:10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.027
2269:10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.03.004
2114:Journal of Plant Nutrition
1902:Metallic BioNano Particles
1744:10.4024/N03TH12A.ntp.08.01
1732:Nanotechnology Perceptions
1378:hereditary hemochromatosis
974:reticuloendothelial system
700:Ferritin genes are highly
4453:
3330:Dance A (10 April 2020).
3079:Journal of Sleep Research
2923:Firkin F, Rush B (1997).
2805:10.1136/bmj.326.7399.1124
2165:10.1042/0264-6021:3570241
2134:10.1080/01904168209362966
1876:10.1016/j.fsi.2007.01.013
1794:10.1182/blood.V99.10.3505
1583:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.04.036
1529:10.1007/s00775-002-0389-4
1423:chemical vapor deposition
1384:In chronic liver diseases
1198:25–200 ng/mL (μg/L)
1188:50–200 ng/mL (μg/L)
1177:50–140 ng/mL (μg/L)
1166:20–200 ng/mL (μg/L)
1120:anemia of chronic disease
903:with a low prevalence of
588:
481:
439:
290:
119:
37:
4663:Calcium-sensing receptor
4410:Calreticulin/mobilferrin
4073:Medical Subject Headings
3419:10.1177/0004563213490289
2685:"Iron-Deficiency Anemia"
2202:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1458:
1349:According to a study of
929:amount and stability of
4766:BUN-to-creatinine ratio
4668:Calcium-binding protein
2744:. Geneva, Switzerland.
2532:10.1179/096805105X58698
2482:Chemical Communications
2404:Nature Chemical Biology
2223:10.1186/1471-2148-7-160
2153:The Biochemical Journal
1319:As ferritin is also an
1290:iron overload disorders
958:reactive oxygen species
5199:Elevated transaminases
4891:Thyroid function tests
4853:Transferrin saturation
4713:Clinical biochemistry
3970:10.1002/anie.200353436
3935:10.1002/smll.200700199
3570:10.20524/aog.2017.0152
2451:10.1002/cbic.201200783
2030:10.1074/jbc.C100141200
1346:in cases of COVID-19.
1263:restless legs syndrome
1229:iron-deficiency anemia
1174:(6 months to 15 years)
1138:is determined by many
1113:iron-deficiency anemia
1076:Mitochondrial ferritin
925:
881:mitochondrial ferritin
845:of two highly related
771:(about 50% identical).
675:iron-deficiency anemia
477:ferritin mitochondrial
4993:Lactate dehydrogenase
4955:Basic metabolic panel
4886:ACTH stimulation test
4645:Magnesium transporter
4436:Iron-binding proteins
4400:Duodenal cytochrome B
4187:Non-heme iron protein
3718:Journal of Hepatology
3639:Journal of Hepatology
3604:Journal of Hepatology
3518:Journal of Hepatology
2929:Australian Prescriber
2701:10.1056/NEJMra1401038
2416:10.1038/nchembio.1071
2332:10.1089/ars.2010.3129
1690:10.1089/ars.2007.1893
923:
743:Ferritin is a hollow
712:. In human ferritin,
27:Iron-carrying protein
5292:Acute-phase proteins
5013:Liver function tests
4868:Transferrin receptor
4637:Magnesium metabolism
4619:Phosphate metabolism
4369:Transferrin receptor
4254:Tyrosine hydroxylase
3801:BMC Gastroenterology
3503:guidelinecentral.com
3006:10.7759/cureus.28307
2098:on 12 October 2012.
1481:Ferritin light chain
1409:Ferritin is used in
1321:acute-phase reactant
1252:vitamin C deficiency
1156:40–300 ng/mL (μg/L)
1140:testing laboratories
1109:medical laboratories
1018:Ferroxidase activity
952:in the formation of
814:In the pearl oyster
716:are present between
5029:Serum total protein
5024:Human serum albumin
4244:Iron–sulfur protein
4081:at Lab Tests Online
3675:Liver International
3289:2021PLoSO..1653894M
2854:10.1503/cmaj.110950
2214:2007BMCEE...7..160J
2126:1982JPlaN...5..369S
1604:Casiday R, Frey R.
1395:portal hypertension
1147:
1124:acute phase protein
1092:Tissue distribution
1065:acute phase protein
5287:Chemical pathology
4801:Arterial blood gas
4655:Calcium metabolism
4239:Inositol oxygenase
3645:(Suppl 1): 19–20.
2647:10.1007/BF00398988
2494:10.1039/c4cc07996e
2073:10.1002/prot.10286
1329:C-reactive protein
1145:
1136:reference interval
926:
725:untranslated bases
5249:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5178:
5177:
5131:Blood sugar level
5110:Pancreatic lipase
4948:Total cholesterol
4778:Serum osmolal gap
4773:Plasma osmolality
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4601:Sodium metabolism
4586:
4585:
4517:Copper metabolism
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4423:
4422:
4262:
4261:
3958:Angewandte Chemie
3900:10.1021/ja0655690
3864:10.1021/ja910918b
3770:10.1002/hep.27636
3499:"Hemochromatosis"
3467:10.1002/hep.24330
3336:Knowable Magazine
3188:10.1172/JCI137244
2973:978-1-899066-62-9
2848:(11): 1247–1254.
2751:978-92-4-000012-4
2695:(19): 1832–1843.
2572:10.1242/jeb.00872
2565:(Pt 8): 1353–60.
2377:10.1021/cr5004908
1726:Theil EC (2012).
1411:materials science
1202:
1201:
1025:hydrogen peroxide
897:Ramachandran plot
747:of mass 474
739:Protein structure
733:biomineralization
621:
620:
617:
616:
472:
471:
468:
467:
323:
322:
319:
318:
182:
181:
178:
177:
173:structure summary
18:Hyperferritinemia
16:(Redirected from
5304:
5297:Storage proteins
5221:Hyperproteinemia
5187:
5127:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4684:
4597:
4432:
4333:
4322:
4313:
4308:Transition metal
4300:Metal metabolism
4289:
4282:
4275:
4266:
4206:Bacterioferritin
4179:Carrier proteins
4172:
4165:
4158:
4149:
4057:
4056:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4032:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3894:(51): 16626–33.
3882:
3876:
3875:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3826:
3816:
3792:
3783:
3782:
3772:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3582:
3572:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3478:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3421:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3338:. Annual Reviews
3327:
3321:
3320:
3310:
3300:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3241:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3200:
3190:
3181:(5): 2620–2629.
3166:
3160:
3159:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3094:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2945:. Archived from
2944:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2799:(7399): 1124–0.
2784:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2763:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2680:
2667:
2666:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2488:(97): 15358–61.
2477:
2471:
2470:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2379:
2364:Chemical Reviews
2355:
2344:
2343:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2225:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2120:(4–7): 369–394.
2109:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2091:. Archived from
2058:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2023:(27): 24437–40.
2008:
2002:
2001:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1938:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1824:
1807:
1806:
1796:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1755:
1723:
1712:
1711:
1701:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1652:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1565:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1511:
1501:
1471:Bacterioferritin
1366:oxidative damage
1362:anorexia nervosa
1351:anorexia nervosa
1148:
1033:hydroxyl radical
948:as it acts as a
843:hetero-oligomers
827:In the parasite
745:globular protein
686:globular protein
590:
486:
474:
441:
325:
292:
184:
121:
42:
30:
21:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5277:Iron metabolism
5252:
5251:
5250:
5241:
5225:
5214:Hypoalbuminemia
5209:Hypoproteinemia
5174:
5148:
5122:Small molecules
5116:
5086:
5007:
4964:
4902:
4872:
4829:
4819:
4782:
4717:
4711:
4681:
4672:
4649:
4631:
4613:
4582:
4555:Zinc metabolism
4549:
4503:
4449:
4419:
4391:Iron(III) oxide
4385:
4327:
4317:Iron metabolism
4302:
4293:
4263:
4258:
4222:
4189:
4183:metalloproteins
4176:
4065:
4060:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3964:(19): 2527–30.
3955:
3954:
3950:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3794:
3793:
3786:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3412:(Pt 5): 504–6.
3399:
3398:
3394:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3283:(6): e0253894.
3270:
3269:
3265:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3037:
3036:
3032:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2764:
2752:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2682:
2681:
2670:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2357:
2356:
2347:
2326:(7): 999–1009.
2316:
2315:
2311:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2159:(Pt 1): 241–7.
2146:
2145:
2141:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2095:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1949:(3–4): 161–74.
1940:
1939:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1826:
1825:
1810:
1787:(10): 3505–16.
1774:
1773:
1769:
1725:
1724:
1715:
1684:(6): 997–1030.
1671:
1670:
1666:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1523:(1–2): 105–11.
1513:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1419:carbon nanotube
1407:
1386:
1294:hemochromatosis
1278:
1215:iron deficiency
1207:
1185:(1 to 5 months)
1132:
1102:
1100:Diagnostic uses
1094:
1085:
1073:
1057:
1055:Stress response
1041:
1039:Immune response
1029:Fenton reaction
1020:
962:Fenton reaction
918:
913:
817:Pinctada fucata
741:
698:
671:diagnostic test
648:iron deficiency
489:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5310:
5308:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5254:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5184:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5135:
5133:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5102:
5096:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5067:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5038:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5017:
5015:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4978:Cardiac marker
4974:
4972:
4970:Cardiovascular
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4921:Hemoglobin A1c
4912:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4888:
4882:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4792:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4751:Renal function
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4727:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4687:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4469:
4464:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4362:
4353:
4348:
4346:DMT1 (SLC11A2)
4342:
4340:
4337:Iron(II) oxide
4330:
4319:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4269:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4124:
4103:
4082:
4076:
4064:
4063:External links
4061:
4059:
4058:
4044:
4015:(3): 749–751.
3995:
3983:
3948:
3929:(9): 1477–81.
3913:
3877:
3858:(10): 3621–7.
3838:
3784:
3763:(4): 1306–20.
3743:
3708:
3664:
3629:
3594:
3563:(4): 405–413.
3543:
3508:
3490:
3441:
3392:
3349:
3322:
3263:
3212:
3161:
3134:(7): 1266–82.
3114:
3065:
3040:Sleep Medicine
3030:
2979:
2972:
2952:
2949:on 2012-03-25.
2912:
2877:
2828:
2779:
2750:
2730:
2668:
2641:(7): 377–382.
2622:
2586:
2545:
2507:
2472:
2429:
2391:
2370:(1): 295–326.
2345:
2309:
2298:(3): 387–394.
2282:
2247:
2188:
2139:
2104:
2044:
2003:
1968:
1918:
1889:
1854:
1835:(1): 289–315.
1808:
1767:
1713:
1664:
1615:
1596:
1550:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1406:
1403:
1385:
1382:
1355:malnourishment
1277:
1274:
1256:celiac disease
1248:hypothyroidism
1237:false positive
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1131:
1128:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1072:
1069:
1056:
1053:
1040:
1037:
1019:
1016:
1001:polyplacophora
917:
914:
912:
909:
864:together with
835:
834:
825:
812:
807:cells and the
788:
778:
772:
740:
737:
697:
694:
684:Ferritin is a
619:
618:
615:
614:
609:
605:
604:
599:
595:
594:
586:
585:
575:
569:
568:
564:
563:
558:
552:
551:
546:
540:
539:
534:
528:
527:
522:
516:
515:
510:
504:
503:
500:
496:
495:
491:
490:
487:
479:
478:
470:
469:
466:
465:
460:
456:
455:
450:
446:
445:
437:
436:
426:
420:
419:
415:
414:
409:
403:
402:
397:
391:
390:
385:
379:
378:
373:
367:
366:
361:
355:
354:
351:
347:
346:
341:
337:
336:
332:
331:
321:
320:
317:
316:
311:
307:
306:
301:
297:
296:
288:
287:
277:
271:
270:
266:
265:
260:
254:
253:
248:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
224:
218:
217:
212:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
191:
190:
180:
179:
176:
175:
170:
164:
163:
150:
144:
143:
133:
126:
125:
117:
116:
103:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
79:
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5309:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5222:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5181:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5165:Hyperuricemia
5163:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5151:
5145:
5144:Hyperglycemia
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5058:AST/ALT ratio
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5042:transaminases
5039:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4983:Troponin test
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4943:Triglycerides
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4916:Blood glucose
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4708:
4703:
4701:
4696:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4535:Ceruloplasmin
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4484:Ceruloplasmin
4482:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:Absorption in
4323:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4173:
4168:
4166:
4161:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4054:
4048:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3881:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3610:(4): 587–95.
3609:
3605:
3598:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3524:(2): 257–62.
3523:
3519:
3512:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3350:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3264:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3046:(2): 127–32.
3045:
3041:
3034:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2999:(8): e28307.
2998:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2526:(5): 267–80.
2525:
2521:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:(11): 941–8.
2409:
2405:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2263:(2): 254–62.
2262:
2258:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2067:(3): 437–50.
2066:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1908:on 2016-08-27
1907:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1870:(3): 624–35.
1869:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1577:(2): 277–93.
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1446:spike protein
1442:
1439:
1435:
1434:nanoparticles
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1415:nanoparticles
1412:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:hemosiderosis
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:Vegetarianism
1266:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1162:Adult females
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1130:Normal ranges
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1027:known as the
1026:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:free radicals
951:
947:
943:
940:Free iron is
938:
936:
932:
931:messenger RNA
922:
915:
910:
908:
906:
902:
901:alpha helical
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
851:physiological
848:
844:
840:
832:
831:
826:
823:
819:
818:
813:
810:
806:
802:
801:
797:
793:
789:
786:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:
752:
750:
746:
738:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
695:
693:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
652:iron overload
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
613:
610:
606:
603:
600:
596:
591:
587:
584:
583:
579:
576:
574:
570:
565:
562:
559:
557:
553:
550:
547:
545:
541:
538:
535:
533:
529:
526:
523:
521:
517:
514:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
492:
485:
480:
475:
464:
461:
457:
454:
451:
447:
442:
438:
435:
434:
430:
427:
425:
421:
416:
413:
410:
408:
404:
401:
398:
396:
392:
389:
386:
384:
380:
377:
374:
372:
368:
365:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:
342:
338:
333:
330:
326:
315:
312:
308:
305:
302:
298:
293:
289:
286:
285:
281:
278:
276:
272:
267:
264:
261:
259:
255:
252:
249:
247:
243:
240:
237:
235:
231:
228:
225:
223:
219:
216:
213:
211:
207:
204:
201:
197:
192:
189:
185:
174:
171:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
92:
90:
86:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5204:Elevated ALP
5170:Hypouricemia
5139:Hypoglycemia
5075:Unconjugated
5040:
4842:
4723:Electrolytes
4444:
4414:
4350:
4249:Lipoxygenase
4200:
4135:
4114:
4093:
4047:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3986:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3804:
3800:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3724:(1): 43–50.
3721:
3717:
3711:
3681:(3): 513–7.
3678:
3674:
3667:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3365:(8): 430–2.
3362:
3358:
3352:
3340:. Retrieved
3335:
3325:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3232:(1): 21–27.
3229:
3225:
3215:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3043:
3039:
3033:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2962:
2955:
2947:the original
2932:
2928:
2893:(3): 205–9.
2890:
2886:
2880:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2740:
2733:
2692:
2688:
2638:
2634:
2603:(1): 11–26.
2600:
2596:
2589:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2523:
2519:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2445:(4): 415–9.
2442:
2438:
2432:
2407:
2403:
2367:
2363:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2099:
2093:the original
2064:
2060:
2047:
2020:
2016:
2006:
1984:(1): 43–54.
1981:
1977:
1971:
1946:
1942:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:the original
1901:
1892:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1832:
1828:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1735:
1731:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1635:(8): 760–9.
1632:
1628:
1618:
1599:
1574:
1570:
1553:
1520:
1516:
1499:
1455:
1443:
1427:
1408:
1405:Applications
1399:
1387:
1374:
1359:
1348:
1333:
1318:
1283:
1279:
1267:
1260:
1245:
1232:
1226:
1219:
1210:
1208:
1193:
1182:
1171:
1161:
1151:
1133:
1117:
1103:
1095:
1086:
1074:
1071:Mitochondria
1058:
1048:
1042:
1021:
1009:
990:
982:steady-state
939:
934:
927:
916:Iron storage
878:
874:ferrihydrite
862:crystallites
859:
838:
836:
828:
821:
815:
798:
742:
699:
689:
683:
656:
635:
630:that stores
623:
622:
580:
431:
350:Alt. symbols
282:
5282:Blood tests
5153:Nitrogenous
4988:CPK-MB test
4928:Lipid panel
4863:Transferrin
4811:Bicarbonate
4806:Base excess
4715:blood tests
4609:Na/K-ATPase
4592:Electrolyte
4499:Lactoferrin
4494:Hemosiderin
4467:Hemojuvelin
4365:Transferrin
4234:Hemerythrin
4218:Transferrin
4213:Lactoferrin
3085:(1): 43–7.
2439:ChemBioChem
1738:(1): 7–16.
1486:Transferrin
1370:immunoassay
1327:. A normal
1241:hook effect
1233:falsely low
1152:Adult males
1049:Pseudomonas
986:blood serum
978:hemosiderin
970:hemosiderin
935:Lymnaea sp.
905:beta sheets
885:pro-protein
830:Schistosoma
757:vertebrates
690:apoferritin
679:hemosiderin
640:prokaryotes
602:Swiss-model
494:Identifiers
453:Swiss-model
335:Identifiers
304:Swiss-model
194:Identifiers
50:Identifiers
5256:Categories
5080:Conjugated
4908:Metabolism
4848:Serum iron
4835:Iron tests
4756:Creatinine
4356:Hephaestin
4296:Metabolism
3757:Hepatology
3455:Hepatology
2760:1265083396
2208:(1): 160.
1912:2016-01-16
1492:References
1421:growth by
1306:porphyrias
1292:, such as
1205:Deficiency
1045:Endotoxins
997:haemolymph
855:homologous
792:gastropods
775:Amphibians
769:homologous
718:amino acid
644:eukaryotes
598:Structures
593:Search for
567:Other data
449:Structures
444:Search for
418:Other data
300:Structures
295:Search for
284:q13.3–13.4
269:Other data
136:structures
5070:Bilirubin
5020:Proteins
4998:Myoglobin
4796:Anion gap
4788:Acid-base
4736:Potassium
4477:Aconitase
4069:Ferritins
3807:(1): 94.
3248:2090-5068
2768:cite book
2709:0028-4793
1566:;
1512:;
1012:lysosomes
889:cytoplasm
870:hydroxide
866:phosphate
765:heavy (H)
761:light (L)
708:and four
702:conserved
659:cytosolic
549:NM_177478
508:NCBI gene
400:NM_002032
359:NCBI gene
251:NM_000146
210:NCBI gene
94:IPR008331
5183:Proteins
5160:Azotemia
5092:Pancreas
4878:Hormones
4843:Ferritin
4741:Chloride
4458:Hepcidin
4445:Ferritin
4415:Ferritin
4405:Integrin
4351:Ferritin
4328:duodenum
4201:Ferritin
4079:Ferritin
4039:33580169
3978:15127443
3943:17768776
3908:17177411
3872:20170158
3833:33653274
3779:25475192
3738:24681346
3703:23125116
3695:15910487
3624:17156889
3589:28655976
3485:21452290
3428:23897102
3387:26269832
3379:15265182
3342:9 August
3317:34185801
3277:PLOS ONE
3207:32217835
3148:19562864
3109:12959227
3101:15743333
3060:14592231
3025:36158423
2935:: 74–6.
2872:22777991
2823:12763985
2725:17628280
2717:25946282
2663:34033340
2655:28305744
2617:11687259
2581:15010486
2540:16262999
2502:25348725
2467:41485685
2459:23404831
2424:23001032
2386:25418839
2340:20406137
2277:16626988
2242:17845714
2183:11415455
2081:12557186
2061:Proteins
2039:11323407
1998:12781972
1884:17442591
1803:11986201
1762:24198751
1708:18327971
1659:20304033
1591:15201052
1545:20756710
1537:12459904
1465:See also
1391:hepcidin
1336:COVID-19
1194:Neonates
1172:Children
993:molluscs
960:via the
950:catalyst
911:Function
879:A human
785:bacteria
729:tyrosine
721:residues
638:in both
624:Ferritin
612:InterPro
463:InterPro
314:InterPro
153:RCSB PDB
89:InterPro
58:Ferritin
33:Ferritin
5100:Amylase
4825:Lactate
4820:content
4746:Calcium
4578:SLC39A4
4573:SLC30A1
4540:SLC31A1
4227:nonheme
4142:PDBe-KB
4132:UniProt
4121:PDBe-KB
4111:UniProt
4100:PDBe-KB
4090:UniProt
4030:7880661
3824:7923668
3659:9575444
3580:5479992
3538:9722207
3476:3149125
3436:9927714
3308:8241122
3285:Bibcode
3257:8108185
3198:7190990
3156:7906168
3016:9498961
2907:2178409
2863:3414597
2233:2034539
2210:Bibcode
2174:1221947
2122:Bibcode
2089:8358424
1963:1431878
1849:3304136
1753:3816979
1699:2932529
1650:2893236
1438:Protein
1436:(NPs).
1325:disease
1304:, some
1222:fatigue
1183:Infants
999:of the
893:introns
839:E. coli
822:Lymnaea
805:somatic
800:Lymnaea
794:of the
790:In the
714:introns
706:introns
628:protein
608:Domains
556:UniProt
459:Domains
429:Chr. 11
407:UniProt
310:Domains
280:Chr. 19
258:UniProt
69:PF00210
5105:Lipase
4731:Sodium
4137:Q8N4E7
4116:P02794
4095:P02792
4075:(MeSH)
4037:
4027:
3976:
3941:
3906:
3870:
3831:
3821:
3777:
3736:
3701:
3693:
3657:
3622:
3587:
3577:
3536:
3483:
3473:
3434:
3426:
3385:
3377:
3315:
3305:
3254:
3246:
3205:
3195:
3154:
3146:
3107:
3099:
3058:
3023:
3013:
2993:Cureus
2970:
2905:
2870:
2860:
2821:
2814:156009
2811:
2758:
2748:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2661:
2653:
2615:
2579:
2538:
2500:
2465:
2457:
2422:
2384:
2338:
2275:
2240:
2230:
2181:
2171:
2087:
2079:
2037:
1996:
1961:
1882:
1847:
1801:
1760:
1750:
1706:
1696:
1657:
1647:
1589:
1543:
1535:
1308:, and
1286:marker
1276:Excess
1061:anoxia
1005:radula
966:tissue
781:Plants
667:marker
578:Chr. 5
561:Q8N4E7
544:RefSeq
537:608847
499:Symbol
412:P02794
395:RefSeq
388:134770
340:Symbol
263:P02792
246:RefSeq
239:134790
199:Symbol
168:PDBsum
142:
132:
114:SUPFAM
82:CL0044
55:Symbol
5230:Other
4545:ATOX1
4530:ATP7B
4525:ATP7A
4428:Other
3923:Small
3699:S2CID
3432:S2CID
3383:S2CID
3152:S2CID
3105:S2CID
2721:S2CID
2659:S2CID
2463:S2CID
2096:(PDF)
2085:S2CID
2057:(PDF)
1781:Blood
1541:S2CID
1452:Notes
1105:Serum
956:from
946:cells
942:toxic
796:genus
710:exons
663:serum
582:q23.1
573:Locus
525:17345
513:94033
424:Locus
353:FTHL6
275:Locus
110:SCOPe
101:SCOP2
4761:Urea
4568:TMC8
4563:TMC6
4462:HAMP
4379:TFR2
4374:TFR1
4194:heme
4130:for
4109:for
4088:for
4035:PMID
3974:PMID
3939:PMID
3904:PMID
3868:PMID
3829:PMID
3775:PMID
3734:PMID
3691:PMID
3655:PMID
3620:PMID
3585:PMID
3534:PMID
3481:PMID
3424:PMID
3375:PMID
3344:2021
3313:PMID
3244:ISSN
3203:PMID
3144:PMID
3097:PMID
3056:PMID
3021:PMID
2968:ISBN
2903:PMID
2868:PMID
2819:PMID
2774:link
2756:OCLC
2746:ISBN
2713:PMID
2705:ISSN
2651:PMID
2613:PMID
2577:PMID
2536:PMID
2498:PMID
2455:PMID
2420:PMID
2382:PMID
2336:PMID
2273:PMID
2238:PMID
2179:PMID
2077:PMID
2035:PMID
1994:PMID
1959:PMID
1880:PMID
1845:PMID
1799:PMID
1758:PMID
1704:PMID
1655:PMID
1633:1800
1587:PMID
1563:1r03
1533:PMID
1509:1lb3
1417:for
1340:IL-6
1288:for
1083:Yolk
868:and
847:gene
809:yolk
783:and
763:and
696:Gene
673:for
650:and
642:and
632:iron
532:OMIM
520:HGNC
502:FTMT
383:OMIM
376:3976
371:HGNC
364:2495
344:FTH1
234:OMIM
227:3999
222:HGNC
215:2512
161:PDBj
157:PDBe
140:ECOD
130:Pfam
106:1fha
78:clan
76:Pfam
64:Pfam
5191:LFT
5065:GGT
5053:AST
5048:ALT
5036:ALP
4938:HDL
4933:LDL
4489:HFE
4367:to
4128:PDB
4107:PDB
4086:PDB
4025:PMC
4017:doi
3966:doi
3931:doi
3896:doi
3892:128
3860:doi
3856:132
3819:PMC
3809:doi
3765:doi
3726:doi
3683:doi
3647:doi
3612:doi
3575:PMC
3565:doi
3526:doi
3471:PMC
3463:doi
3414:doi
3367:doi
3303:PMC
3293:doi
3252:PMC
3234:doi
3193:PMC
3183:doi
3179:130
3136:doi
3132:109
3087:doi
3048:doi
3011:PMC
3001:doi
2937:doi
2895:doi
2858:PMC
2850:doi
2846:184
2809:PMC
2801:doi
2797:326
2697:doi
2693:372
2643:doi
2639:197
2605:doi
2567:doi
2563:207
2528:doi
2490:doi
2447:doi
2412:doi
2372:doi
2368:115
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