160:
5307:
630:
4071:
127:
298:
5301:
4083:
2260:
728:
Hyraxes are sometimes described as being the closest living relative of the elephant, although whether this is so is disputed. Recent morphological- and molecular-based classifications reveal the sirenians to be the closest living relatives of elephants. While hyraxes are closely related, they form a
1883:
the number of recognized species of hyraxes. In 1995, they recognized 11 species or more, but as of 2013, only four were recognized, with the others all considered as subspecies of one of the recognized four. Over 50 subspecies and species are described, many of which are considered highly
2316:
The words "rabbit", "hare", "coney", or "daman" appear as terms for the hyrax in some
English translations of the Bible. Early English translators had no knowledge of the hyrax, so no name for them, though "badger" or "rock-badger" has also been used more recently in new translations, especially in
545:
Hyraxes live in small family groups, with a single male that aggressively defends the territory from rivals. Where living space is abundant, the male may have sole access to multiple groups of females, each with its own range. The remaining males live solitary lives, often on the periphery of areas
2386:
families and about 80% of the spp. were investigated. Chewing regurgitated fodder is an idle pastime, as well as an instinct associated with appetite. Characteristic movements were analyzed for undisturbed samples of animals maintained on preserves. Group-specific differences are reported in form,
3839:
A description of the habits, structure, and uses of every living creature mentioned in the
Scriptures, from the ape to the coral; and explaining all those passages in the Hebrew Bibles and the Christian Old Testament in which reference is made to beast, bird, reptile, fish, or insect. Illustrated
526:
and the Middle East. Their feet have rubbery pads with numerous sweat glands, which may help the animal maintain its grip when quickly moving up steep, rocky surfaces. Hyraxes have stumpy toes with hoof-like nails; four toes are on each front foot and three are on each back foot. They also have
708:
The descendants of the giant "hyracoids" (common ancestors to the hyraxes, elephants, and sirenians) evolved in different ways. Some became smaller, and evolved to become the modern hyrax family. Others appear to have taken to the water (perhaps like the modern
462:
351:. Hyraxes are well-furred, rotund animals with short tails. Modern hyraxes are typically between 30 and 70 cm (12 and 28 in) in length and weigh between 2 and 5 kg (4 and 11 lb). They are superficially similar to
3675:
1890:, which is a tree hyrax living between the Volta and Niger rivers but makes a unique barking call that is distinct from the shrieking vocalizations of hyraxes inhabiting other regions of the African forest zone.
438:
teeth at the side of the jaw. The two upper incisors are large and tusk-like, and grow continuously through life, similar to those of rodents. The four lower incisors are deeply grooved "comb teeth". A
3511:
Tabuce, R.; Seiffert, E.R.; Gheerbrant, E.; Alloing-Séguier, L.; von
Koenigswald, W. (2017). "Tooth enamel microstructure of living and extinct hyracoids reveals unique enamel types among mammals".
2978:
3887:
A description of the habits and uses of every living creature mentioned in the scriptures, with explanation of passages in the Old and New
Testament in which reference is made to them
468:
466:
463:
701:, which were very efficient grazers and browsers, displaced the hyraxes into marginal niches. Nevertheless, the order remained widespread and diverse as late as the end of the
467:
3200:"A mandible of the hyracoid mammal Titanohyrax andrewsi in the collections of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France) with a reassessment of the species"
721:, excellent hearing, sensitive pads on their feet, small tusks, good memory, higher brain functions compared with other similar mammals, and the shape of some of their
601:(inguinal area); elephants have a pair of teats near their axillae, and dugongs and manatees have a pair of teats, one located close to each of the front flippers. The
3338:
Asher, R.J.; Novacek, M.J.; Geisher, J.H. (2003). "Relationships of endemic
African mammals and their fossil relatives based on morphological and molecular evidence".
5656:
3547:
5695:
3126:
Barrow, Eugenie; Seiffert, Erik R.; Simons, Elwyn L. (2010). "A primitive hyracoid (Mammalia, Paenungulata) from the early
Priabonian (Late Eocene) of Egypt".
2797:
465:
4585:
5774:
5769:
2341:
are believed to have used this name to refer to rabbits, animals with which they were unfamiliar. Roman coins struck in the region from the reign of
5630:
656:. In the past, however, hyraxes were more diverse and widespread. At one site in Egypt, the order first appears in the fossil record in the form of
519:
and rodent-like mammals do, but over the course of its lifetime rather seeks shelter in existing holes of great variety in size and configuration.
5669:
2986:
2675:
405:
Hyraxes were a much more diverse group in the past encompassing species considerably larger than modern hyraxes. The largest known extinct hyrax,
3637:
508:. This behaviour is referred to in a passage in the Bible which describes hyraxes as "chewing the cud". This chewing behaviour may be a form of
662:, 37 million years ago, but much older fossils exist elsewhere. For many millions of years, hyraxes, proboscideans, and other afrotherian
589:
remain tucked up in their abdominal cavity next to the kidneys, as do those of elephants, manatees, and dugongs. Female hyraxes have a pair of
4051:
3942:
3801:
3594:
3495:
3274:
3240:
3182:
3054:
3011:
2962:
2623:
2585:
2555:
464:
5764:
5338:
2294:. It also describes the hyrax as chewing its cud, reflecting its observable ruminant-like mandible motions; the Hebrew phrase in question (
3967:
677:, many different species existed. The smallest of these were the size of a mouse but others were much larger than any extant relatives.
2730:
Hendrichs, Hubert (1966). "Vergleichende
Untersuchung des Wiederkauverhaltens" [Comparative investigation of cud retainers].
2574:
Aerts, Raf (2019). "Forest and woodland vegetation in the highlands of Dogu'a
Tembien". In Nyssen, J.; Jacob, M.; Frankl, A. (eds.).
4115:
3382:
3638:"Fossil hyraxes (Hyracoidea: Mammalia) from the Late Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene of Africa, and the phylogeny of the Procaviidae"
4578:
2700:
von Engelhardt, W.; Wolter, S.; Lawrenz, H.; Hemsley, J.A. (1978). "Production of methane in two non-ruminant herbivores".
419:
Hyraxes retain or have redeveloped a number of primitive mammalian characteristics; in particular, they have poorly developed
5687:
5674:
3697:
Oates, John F.; Woodman, Neal; Gaubert, Philippe; Sargis, Eric J.; Wiafe, Edward D.; Lecompte, Emilie; et al. (2022).
2757:
Björnhag, G.; Becker, G.; Buchholz, C.; von Engelhardt, W. (1994). "The gastrointestinal tract of the rock hyrax (
5682:
5578:
5236:
4571:
3264:
2931:
2686:
2846:
3584:
159:
1886:
5306:
2645:
in the collections of the Muséum
National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France) with a reassessment of the species"
488:
bacteria to break down tough plant materials, but their overall ability to digest fibre is lower than that of the
5700:
5458:
5449:
5001:
2076:
497:
374:
717:
evidence supports this hypothesis, and the small modern hyraxes share numerous features with elephants, such as
5331:
5265:
3774:
3174:
3461:
3078:
2455:
5518:
2451:
315:
4087:
5721:
4108:
4018:
3469:
2279:
1880:
730:
4957:
4922:
3867:
2391:
type is characterized as a specialization. The operation is described for the first time for the order
1808:
1758:
5583:
5118:
3312:
2287:
2275:
5604:
5565:
3415:
3135:
2443:
2318:
2283:
440:
411:, has been estimated to weigh 600–1,300 kilograms (1,300–2,900 lb), comparable to a rhinoceros.
2442:). The Romans, therefore, gave Hispania the meaning of "land abundant in rabbits", a use adopted by
5425:
5324:
4892:
4043:
3618:
2416:
1955:
1728:
509:
249:
3703:) from West Africa and the significance of the Niger–Volta interfluvium in mammalian biogeography"
3111:
5434:
5300:
5176:
5149:
4834:
4761:
4645:
4594:
3921:
A complete natural history of the world's creatures, fishes, reptiles, insects, birds and mammals
3528:
3355:
3151:
2003:
1974:
1648:
1571:
523:
501:
224:
154:
4936:
4037:
3552:(Hyracoidea, Mammalia) from the early Miocene of Elisabethfeld and Fiskus, Sperrgebiet, Namibia"
2954:
2947:
2304:... hyraxes are creatures of little power, yet they make their home in the crags; ...
1778:
1445: A phylogeny of hyracoids known from the early Eocene through the middle Oligocene epoch.
705:(about two million years ago) with representatives throughout most of Africa, Europe, and Asia.
5726:
4878:
4751:
4721:
3996:
1708:
1601:
1532:
683:
could reach 600 kg (1,300 lb) or even as much as over 1,300 kg (2,900 lb).
5708:
5591:
5047:
4964:
4476:
4047:
3948:
3938:
3871:
3830:
3807:
3797:
3600:
3590:
3576:
3491:
3443:
3378:
3270:
3236:
3178:
3050:
3028:
3007:
3001:
2958:
2905:
2778:
2739:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2581:
2551:
2235:
1818:
667:
4075:
3483:
3044:
5759:
5736:
5713:
5661:
5502:
5160:
4497:
4238:
4175:
4101:
3992:
3986:
3912:
3714:
3520:
3433:
3423:
3347:
3211:
3143:
2895:
2770:
2709:
2656:
2024:
753:
645:
424:
31:
5556:
2309:
379:) live on rock outcrops, including cliffs in Ethiopia and isolated granite outcrops called
320:
5196:
5187:
4869:
4390:
4291:
4259:
2300:) means "bringing up cud". Some of the modern translations refer to them as rock hyraxes.
2217:
2211:
1494:
1410:
345:
4508:(Rats, guinea pigs, squirrels, beavers, chinchillas, porcupines, capybaras and relatives)
3419:
3139:
3093:
2819:
2222:
2198:
5169:
5111:
5063:
4436:
4382:
4283:
4267:
3438:
3403:
3399:
1498:
1481:
1352:
749:
614:
5316:
3667:
1497:
has been long unresolved; some authorities suspect that they are basal members of the
5753:
5081:
4943:
4913:
4427:
4299:
3580:
3404:"Anthracobunids from the middle Eocene of India and Pakistan are stem Perissodactyls"
3199:
2774:
2713:
2447:
2399:
rumination is inferred for the whole category. Advantages of the process are debated.
1788:
773:
435:
143:
84:
3532:
3398:
Cooper, L.N.; Seiffert, E.R.; Clementz, M.; Madar, S.I.; Bajpai, S.; Hussain, S.T.;
3359:
3155:
629:
5570:
5210:
5136:
5070:
4994:
4929:
4781:
4711:
4672:
4444:
4374:
4275:
4230:
3488:
The Rise of
Placental Mammals: Origins and relationships of the major extant clades
3070:
2900:
2883:
2412:
2396:
2290:). In Leviticus they are described as lacking a split hoof and therefore not being
2271:
1845:
1768:
1668:
1627:
1522:
1464:
1086:
940:
761:
738:
658:
610:
578:
505:
234:
4042:. Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Medio Ambiente. Junta de Andalucía, Seville:
3988:
A History of Spain: From the earliest times to the death of Ferdinand the Catholic
126:
5596:
3719:
3698:
3428:
3230:
2923:
2575:
713:), ultimately giving rise to the elephant family and perhaps also the sirenians.
367:. Hyraxes have a life span from 9 to 14 years. Both types of "rock" hyrax (
5643:
5550:
5225:
5104:
5097:
5037:
5024:
4975:
4899:
4885:
4825:
4801:
4731:
4624:
4484:
4406:
4324:
4012:
2640:
2482:
2383:
2264:
2068:
1932:
1852:
1832:
1738:
1718:
1678:
1638:
1460:
1288:
1190:
1150:
1126:
1062:
742:
685:
679:
653:
562:
472:
A hyrax showing its characteristic chewing, grunting behavior, and incisor tusks
407:
399:
297:
273:
266:
59:
4070:
3734:
434:
at the front of the jaw for slicing off leaves and grass; rather, they use the
5482:
5473:
5408:
5388:
5203:
5090:
5008:
4984:
4855:
4811:
4791:
4771:
4741:
4662:
4630:
4513:
4487:(Pigs, camels, hippos, deer, buffalo, gazelles, giraffes, whales and dolphins)
4366:
4209:
4166:
4150:
3524:
3351:
3147:
2464:
2392:
2337:, meaning "island of hyraxes", "land of hyraxes", but the Phoenecian-speaking
2109:
1688:
1658:
1611:
1553:
1543:
1477:
1017:
989:
902:
856:
817:
734:
391:
368:
211:
134:
104:
69:
3952:
3916:
3875:
3866:(scanned ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Charles Foster's Publications. p.
3834:
3811:
2909:
2743:
2516:
648:
Procaviidae (the only living family within Hyracoidea) and are found only in
5617:
4950:
4848:
4841:
4521:
4468:
4345:
4337:
4217:
4183:
3604:
1798:
1591:
1581:
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961:
769:
765:
690:
586:
550:
535:
489:
485:
444:
420:
380:
171:
109:
53:
5541:
3462:
http://paleobiodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=42284
3447:
542:
at 1–5 months of age, and reach sexual maturity at 16–17 months.
4082:
2857:
2782:
2577:
Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains: The Dogu'a Tembien district
1893:
The following cladogram shows the relationship between the extant genera:
609:
teeth as do the tusks of elephants; most mammalian tusks develop from the
453:
450:
5535:
5382:
5376:
5370:
5242:
4612:
4460:
4316:
4144:
3861:
2388:
2338:
2101:
1862:
1304:
1296:
802:
710:
702:
477:
360:
280:
191:
99:
94:
79:
74:
64:
3215:
2660:
531:, retaining water so that they can better survive in arid environments.
335:
17:
5275:
5254:
5056:
4682:
4537:
4414:
4246:
4156:
4093:
2342:
1365:
1300:
718:
694:
637:
606:
582:
570:
566:
539:
481:
431:
364:
305:
The range map of Procaviidae, the only living family within Hyracoidea
147:
114:
89:
5648:
5364:
5271:
4618:
4606:
4563:
4529:
4505:
4353:
4200:
4138:
4125:
2346:
2291:
2193:
674:
663:
649:
594:
574:
528:
516:
387:
352:
341:
325:
201:
181:
46:
5512:
3676:
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
561:
Hyraxes share several unusual characteristics with mammalian orders
430:
Unlike most other browsing and grazing animals, they do not use the
5635:
5622:
2259:
538:
period of 7–8 months, depending on the species. The young are
3972:
Understanding Animal Research (understandinganimalresearch.org.uk)
3490:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 84–105.
2330:
2258:
1373:
1369:
757:
698:
628:
618:
602:
598:
460:
331:
3991:. Vol. 1. London, UK: Longmans, Green & Co. p. 12.
3586:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
3589:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 87–89.
3484:"Paenungulata (Sirenia, Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, and relatives)"
722:
590:
546:
controlled by larger males, and mate only with younger females.
356:
5516:
5320:
4567:
4097:
2527:(web ed.). Dictionary Unit for South African English. 2018
617:
on the tips of their digits, rather than the curved, elongated
4452:
3269:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 260.
3033:. W.B. Saunders Company. p. 577 – via Google books.
714:
577:), which have resulted in their all being placed in the taxon
493:
5609:
2979:"One protein shows elephants and moles had aquatic ancestors"
2676:
Seasonal variation in the thermal biology of the rock hyrax (
318:
4011:
2798:"Daily food consumption and mode of ingestion in the Hyrax"
2761:). 1. Morphology and motility patterns of the tract".
666:
were the primary terrestrial herbivores in Africa, just as
3752:
in Almaany Dictionary. Arabic to English Dictionary].
2505:. Vol. 15 Mammals (online ed.). Gale Publishing.
2395:. On the basis of 12 spp. of the marsupial subfamily
553:, which has been inferred to reflect an aquatic ancestry.
3619:"Barks in the night lead to the discovery of new species"
2550:. Vol. 2. Barcelona, ES: Lynx Edicions. p. 29.
2245:
1484:
is controversial, and not supported by molecular data.
1463:) may have evolved from smaller members of one of the
534:
Female hyraxes give birth to up to four young after a
640:
of Rusinga, Kenya (Natural History Museum collection)
443:
occurs between the incisors and the cheek teeth. The
5133:
5034:
4990:
4910:
4866:
4822:
4807:
4797:
4787:
4777:
4767:
4757:
4747:
4737:
4727:
4717:
4707:
4678:
4668:
4658:
3049:. Marshall Cavendish. 1 September 2010. p. 63.
2856:. The Camel, the Hare, and the Hyrax. Archived from
2361:
2345:
show a female figure with a rabbit at her feet, and
2227:
2203:
2149:
1884:
endangered. The most recently identified species is
1841:
1814:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1746:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1704:
1696:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1634:
1619:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1559:
1549:
1539:
1528:
1518:
1407:
1243:
1186:
1146:
1122:
1082:
1058:
1013:
985:
957:
937:
898:
852:
427:, such as huddling together and basking in the sun.
5525:
5471:
5447:
5406:
5397:
5253:
5224:
5186:
5159:
5132:
5080:
5046:
5033:
5022:
4974:
4909:
4865:
4821:
4692:
4643:
4496:
4435:
4426:
4365:
4336:
4315:
4258:
4229:
4208:
4199:
4174:
4165:
3486:. In Rose, Kenneth D.; Archibald, J. David (eds.).
2802:
Journal of the East African Natural History Society
2387:rhythm, frequency, and side of chewing motion. The
2333:" is that it may be a derivation of the Phoenician
733:to the assemblage of elephants, sirenians, and the
4540:(lorises, lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, humans)
3933:Elwell, Walter A.; Comfort, Philip Wesley (2008).
3559:Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia
2946:
492:. Their mandibular motions are similar to chewing
3375:Classification of Mammals above the Species Level
2426:would translate as "coast", "island", or "land",
2884:"Unusual external adaptations in the rock hyrax"
2725:
2723:
2546:Wilson, Don E.; Mittermeier, Russell A. (eds.).
697:, however, competition from the newly developed
3739:fi qamus almaeani. Qamus earabiun ainjiliziun"
3482:Gheerbrant, E.; Donming, D.; Tassy, P. (2005).
3229:Prothero, Donald R.; Schoch, Robert M. (1989).
2302:
398:) which is also found in adjacent parts of the
386:With one exception, all hyraxes are limited to
2239:
5332:
4579:
4109:
4031:
4029:
3745: في قاموس المعاني. قاموس عربي انجليزي
3297:"Hyrax: The little brother of the elephant".
848:
8:
3373:McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997).
3077:. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.
2945:Hoeck, Hendrik (1984). MacDonald, D. (ed.).
2295:
776:, is a group unrelated to the true hyraxes.
565:(elephants and their extinct relatives) and
3968:"Rabbits, fish and mice, but no rock hyrax"
3699:"A new species of tree hyrax (Procaviidae:
3377:. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
2569:
2567:
2317:"common language" translations such as the
2159:(extinct hyrax genera; uncertain position)
515:The hyrax does not construct dens, as most
496:, but the hyrax is physically incapable of
423:, for which they compensate by behavioural
5513:
5403:
5339:
5325:
5317:
5141:
5043:
5030:
4700:
4651:
4640:
4586:
4572:
4564:
4432:
4333:
4226:
4205:
4171:
4116:
4102:
4094:
613:. Hyraxes, like elephants, have flattened
296:
125:
38:
3718:
3707:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3437:
3427:
2899:
2763:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A
2702:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A
2415:gave to the peninsular, derives from the
557:Similarities with Proboscidea and Sirenia
4447:(Hedgehogs, shrews, moles and relatives)
2953:. New York, NY: Facts on File. pp.
2685:(Report). School of Botany and Zoology.
2614:. University of Oklahoma Press. p.
3235:. Oxford University Press. p. 65.
3171:After the Dinosaurs: The Age of Mammals
2493:
2375:
1452:
480:, hyraxes have complex, multichambered
359:, but are much more closely related to
3794:Animals Mentioned in the Bible ..
3263:Rose, Kenneth D. (26 September 2006).
2270:References are made to hyraxes in the
644:All modern hyraxes are members of the
4039:Ten years conserving the Iberian lynx
2689:– via researchspace.ukzn.ac.za.
2329:One of the proposed etymologies for "
1902: Hyracoidea
1239: Geniohyiinae
522:Hyraxes inhabit rocky terrain across
7:
4022:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3911:. St. Louis, MO: Holloway & Co.
3893:
3846:
3046:Mammal Anatomy: An illustrated guide
2548:Handbook of the Mammals of the World
3966:Scrase, Richard (9 November 2014).
3266:The Beginning of the Age of Mammals
3128:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
3030:The anatomy of the domestic animals
2641:"A mandible of the hyracoid mammal
2525:Dictionary of South African English
2349:called it the "land of the 'rabbits
2296:
2197:
2062:
1948:
1940:
1926:
1918:
1906:
1896:
1345:
1330:
1113:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1005:
977:
949:
930:
890:
882:
844:
836:
824:
809:
795:
693:was as huge as a tapir. During the
288:
27:Order of small, herbivorous mammals
2639:Tabuce, Rodolphe (18 April 2016).
2503:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
1501:, but that placement is contested.
597:), as well as four teats in their
512:when the animal feels threatened.
25:
5775:Taxa named by Thomas Henry Huxley
5770:Extant Ypresian first appearances
4479:(Horses, rhinoceroses and tapirs)
4010:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
3840:with over one hundred new designs
3313:"Hirax song is a menu for mating"
5305:
5299:
4081:
4069:
3748:[Translation and meaning of
3546:Pickford, M.; Senut, B. (2018).
3092:Schrichte, David (7 June 2023).
3000:Carnaby, Trevor (January 2008).
2845:Slifkin, Natan (11 March 2004).
2360:is cognate to the modern Hebrew
894:
636:, a large fossil hyrax from the
340:, are small, stout, herbivorous
158:
3885:– via Project Gutenberg.
3792:Hart, Henry Chichester (2012).
3672:IUCN Red List (iucnredlist.org)
3232:The Evolution of Perissodactyls
421:internal temperature regulation
3636:Pickford, M. (December 2005).
3513:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
3340:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
2985:. 13 June 2013. Archived from
2901:10.1080/00445096.1970.11447384
1:
3006:. Jacana Media. p. 293.
3937:. Tyndale House Publishers.
3429:10.1371/journal.pone.0109232
3169:Prothero, Donald R. (2006).
3003:Beat about the Bush: Mammals
2775:10.1016/0300-9629(94)90205-4
2734:(dissertation) (in German).
2714:10.1016/0300-9629(78)90254-2
2674:Brown, Kelly Joanne (2003).
2438:, as "rabbits" (in reality,
788:Phylogeny of early hyracoids
689:from the upper Eocene-lower
605:of hyraxes develop from the
549:Hyraxes have highly charged
326:
5765:Fauna of Sub-Saharan Africa
5459:Yellow-spotted rock hyrax (
3985:Burke, Ulick Ralph (1895).
3860:Wood, John George (2014) .
2949:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
2932:African Wildlife Foundation
2882:Sale, J.B. (January 1970).
2687:University of KwaZulu-Natal
2362:
2246:
2228:
2204:
673:Through the middle to late
30:For the dental device, see
5791:
4516:(Rabbits, hares and pikas)
4471:(Dogs, cats and relatives)
4377:(Tenrecs and golden moles)
3863:Story of the Bible Animals
3825:Wood, John George (1877).
3720:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab029
2608:Mares, Michael A. (2017).
2188:Local and indigenous names
1887:Dendrohyrax interfluvialis
1879:In the 2000s, taxonomists
1459:Modern day hyrax species (
319:
29:
5499:
5359:
5296:
5144:
4703:
4654:
4639:
4601:
4302:(Kangaroos and relatives)
4133:
4056:– via Google books.
4036:Simón, M.A., ed. (2012).
3829:. London, UK: J.W. Lyon.
3525:10.1007/s10914-015-9317-6
3500:– via Google books.
3286:– via Google books.
3252:– via Google books.
3198:Tabuce, Rodolphe (2016).
3148:10.1080/14772010903450407
3059:– via Google books.
3027:Sisson, Septimus (1914).
3016:– via Google books.
2732:Biologisches Zentralblatt
2628:– via Google books.
2240:
2221:
2155:
2107:
2077:Yellow-spotted rock hyrax
2074:
2060:
2022:
2000:
1972:
1960:D. arboreus arboreus
1953:
1946:
1938:
1924:
1916:
1904:
1400:
1366:horses, asses, and zebras
1357:
1343:
1328:
1293:
1241:
1184:
1142:
1118:
1111:
1078:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1011:
1003:
983:
975:
955:
947:
928:
896:
888:
880:
850:
842:
834:
822:
807:
621:usually seen on mammals.
304:
295:
262:
257:
155:Scientific classification
153:
133:
124:
41:
4294:(Bilbies and bandicoots)
3935:Tyndale Bible dictionary
3917:10.5962/bhl.title.163548
3740:
3642:Palaeontologica Africana
3175:Indiana University Press
3173:. Bloomington, Indiana:
1979:D. arboreus validus
4186:(Platypus and echidnas)
3907:Buel, James W. (1889).
3583:; Reeder, D.M. (eds.).
3352:10.1023/A:1025504124129
3112:"Picture of hyrax feet"
3079:Government of Australia
2611:Encyclopedia of Deserts
764:mammals known from the
670:were in North America.
390:; the exception is the
4417:(Dugongs and manatees)
4356:(Anteaters and sloths)
2983:nationalgeographic.com
2314:
2267:
756:, consisting of seven
641:
581:. Male hyraxes lack a
473:
334:-mouse'), also called
5722:Paleobiology Database
5426:Southern tree hyrax (
4286:(Quolls and dunnarts)
4019:Catholic Encyclopedia
3741:ترجمة و معنى
3470:Paleobiology Database
2262:
632:
471:
5435:Western tree hyrax (
4090:at Wikimedia Commons
3827:Wood's Bible Animals
3779:Strong's Concordance
3668:"Eastern Tree Hyrax"
3550:Afrohyrax namibensis
2759:Procavia habessinica
2643:Titanohyrax andrewsi
2454:and, in particular,
2411:, the name that the
2319:Common English Bible
2152:Pliohyracidae
1493:The position of the
1476:The relationship of
634:Pachyhyrax championi
593:near their armpits (
383:in southern Africa.
287:For extinct genera,
4044:Government of Spain
3735:"Tarjamat w maenaa
3420:2014PLoSO...9j9232C
3216:10.18563/pv.40.1.e4
3140:2010JSPal...8..213B
2796:Sale, J.B. (1966).
2661:10.18563/pv.40.1.e4
2580:. Springer Nature.
2422:, where the prefix
2255:Biblical references
1956:Southern tree hyrax
1326:
1037:
1009:
981:
953:
886:
878:
840:
510:agonistic behaviour
502:even-toed ungulates
408:Titanohyrax ultimus
4646:Paenungulatomorpha
4595:Paenungulatomorpha
4270:(Monito del monte)
3754:Almaany Dictionary
3402:(8 October 2014).
3098:SavetheManatee.org
2888:Zoologica Africana
2458:, who referred to
2268:
2183:Human interactions
2004:Western tree hyrax
1975:Eastern tree hyrax
668:odd-toed ungulates
642:
524:sub-Saharan Africa
474:
225:Paenungulatomorpha
5747:
5746:
5709:Open Tree of Life
5519:Taxon identifiers
5510:
5509:
5495:
5494:
5419:
5352:
5314:
5313:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5220:
5219:
5128:
5127:
5048:Paleoparadoxiidae
5018:
5017:
4958:Postschizotherium
4923:Hengduanshanhyrax
4561:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4541:
4533:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4448:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4385:(Elephant shrews)
4378:
4357:
4349:
4330:
4311:
4310:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4278:(Marsupial moles)
4276:Notoryctemorphia
4271:
4250:
4242:
4239:Paucituberculata
4223:
4195:
4194:
4187:
4086:Media related to
4053:978-84-92807-80-2
3944:978-1-4143-1945-2
3803:978-1-278-43311-0
3678:. 3 February 2014
3596:978-0-8018-8221-0
3497:978-0-8018-8022-3
3400:Thewissen, J.G.M.
3319:. 15 January 2009
3276:978-0-8018-8472-6
3242:978-0-19-506039-3
3184:978-0-253-34733-6
3056:978-0-7614-7882-9
3013:978-1-77009-240-2
2964:978-0-87196-871-5
2678:Procavia capensis
2625:978-0-8061-7229-3
2587:978-3-030-04954-6
2557:978-84-96553-77-4
2179:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2134:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2049:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2029:D. interfluvialis
1989:
1988:
1809:Postschizotherium
1759:Hengduanshanhyrax
1510:
1509:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1385:
1384:
1316:
1315:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1100:
1099:
914:
913:
868:
867:
469:
309:
308:
253:
139:Procavia capensis
16:(Redirected from
5782:
5740:
5739:
5730:
5729:
5717:
5716:
5704:
5703:
5691:
5690:
5678:
5677:
5665:
5664:
5652:
5651:
5639:
5638:
5626:
5625:
5613:
5612:
5600:
5599:
5587:
5586:
5574:
5573:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5514:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5404:
5350:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5318:
5309:
5304:
5303:
5161:Arsinoitheriidae
5142:
5135:
5119:Ounalashkastylus
5044:
5036:
5031:
4992:
4912:
4868:
4824:
4809:
4799:
4789:
4779:
4769:
4759:
4749:
4739:
4729:
4719:
4709:
4701:
4680:
4670:
4660:
4652:
4641:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4565:
4539:
4531:
4523:
4515:
4507:
4498:Euarchontoglires
4486:
4478:
4470:
4462:
4454:
4446:
4433:
4416:
4408:
4400:
4392:
4384:
4376:
4355:
4347:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4320:
4301:
4293:
4292:Peramelemorphia
4285:
4277:
4269:
4248:
4247:Didelphimorphia
4241:(Shrew opossums)
4240:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4213:
4206:
4185:
4176:Australosphenida
4172:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4095:
4085:
4074:Data related to
4073:
4058:
4057:
4046:. p. 1950.
4033:
4024:
4023:
4015:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3970:. (staff blog).
3963:
3957:
3956:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3909:The Living World
3904:
3898:
3889:
3884:
3882:
3857:
3851:
3842:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3556:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3479:
3473:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3441:
3431:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3204:Palaeovertebrata
3195:
3189:
3188:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3024:
3018:
3017:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2989:on 17 June 2013.
2975:
2969:
2968:
2952:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2855:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2820:"Leviticus 11:5"
2816:
2810:
2809:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2727:
2718:
2717:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2684:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2649:Palaeovertebrata
2636:
2630:
2629:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2470:
2430:as "region" and
2406:
2400:
2380:
2365:
2352:
2312:
2299:
2298:
2280:Deuteronomy 14:7
2249:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2225:
2207:
2201:
2151:
2114:P. capensis
2063:
2025:Benin tree hyrax
2008:D. dorsalis
1949:
1941:
1927:
1919:
1907:
1897:
1868:
1858:
1843:
1838:
1816:
1806:
1796:
1786:
1776:
1766:
1756:
1748:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1698:
1686:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1636:
1631:
1623:"Saghatheriidae"
1621:
1609:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1569:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1530:
1520:
1502:
1491:
1485:
1474:
1468:
1457:
1409:
1406:
1363:
1346:
1338:
1331:
1245:
1188:
1155:
1148:
1131:
1124:
1114:
1091:
1084:
1067:
1060:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1015:
1006:
987:
978:
959:
950:
944:
939:
931:
900:
891:
883:
854:
845:
837:
825:
810:
796:
784:
783:
754:Archaeohyracidae
504:and some of the
470:
457:
456:
455:
452:
425:thermoregulation
396:P. capensis
370:P. capensis
355:, or over-large
329:
324:
323:
300:
248:
163:
162:
129:
119:
56:
45:Temporal range:
39:
32:Palatal expander
21:
5790:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5735:
5733:
5725:
5720:
5712:
5707:
5699:
5694:
5686:
5681:
5673:
5668:
5660:
5655:
5647:
5642:
5634:
5629:
5621:
5616:
5608:
5603:
5595:
5590:
5582:
5577:
5569:
5564:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5521:
5511:
5506:
5491:
5467:
5443:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5393:
5355:
5345:
5315:
5310:
5298:
5282:
5249:
5216:
5197:Crivadiatherium
5188:Palaeoamasiidae
5182:
5155:
5124:
5076:
5027:
5014:
4970:
4905:
4870:Titanohyracidae
4861:
4817:
4697:
4688:
4648:
4635:
4597:
4592:
4562:
4545:
4492:
4477:Perissodactyla
4422:
4361:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4307:
4284:Dasyuromorphia
4268:Microbiotheria
4260:Australidelphia
4254:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4191:
4161:
4129:
4122:
4066:
4061:
4054:
4035:
4034:
4027:
4009:
4008:
4004:
3997:2027/hvd.fl29jg
3984:
3983:
3979:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3945:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3880:
3878:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3804:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3746:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3597:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3465:Phenacodontidae
3459:
3455:
3414:(10): e109232.
3397:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3322:
3320:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3299:Wildlife on One
3296:
3295:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3177:. p. 132.
3168:
3167:
3163:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3116:Dupont, Bernard
3110:
3109:
3105:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3057:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3014:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2863:on 16 June 2012
2860:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2452:Pliny the Elder
2407:
2403:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2356:The Phoenician
2350:
2327:
2313:
2308:
2263:Young hyrax on
2257:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2170:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2135:
2126:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2050:
2040:
2010:
2002:
1990:
1901:
1877:
1866:
1856:
1836:
1700:Titanohyracidae
1625:
1506:
1505:
1492:
1488:
1475:
1471:
1458:
1454:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1411:Phenacodontidae
1405:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1351:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1317:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1174:
1165:
1144:
1120:
1101:
1080:
1056:
945:
935:
925:
915:
869:
815:
814:
801:
800:
782:
627:
559:
461:
449:
448:
447:for hyraxes is
417:
415:Characteristics
247:
157:
142:
120:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
51:
50:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5788:
5786:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5752:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5731:
5718:
5705:
5692:
5679:
5666:
5653:
5640:
5627:
5614:
5601:
5588:
5575:
5562:
5547:
5531:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5508:
5507:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5479:
5477:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5455:
5453:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5432:
5422:
5420:
5416:(Tree hyraxes)
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5385:
5379:
5373:
5367:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5321:
5312:
5311:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5268:
5259:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5239:
5230:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5192:
5190:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5173:
5170:Arsinoitherium
5165:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5145:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5115:
5112:Kronokotherium
5108:
5101:
5094:
5086:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5067:
5064:Paleoparadoxia
5060:
5052:
5050:
5041:
5028:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4988:
4980:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4918:
4916:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4874:
4872:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4830:
4828:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4805:
4795:
4785:
4775:
4765:
4755:
4745:
4735:
4725:
4715:
4704:
4698:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4676:
4666:
4655:
4649:
4644:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4609:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4568:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4502:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4441:
4439:
4437:Laurasiatheria
4430:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4391:Tubulidentata
4388:
4383:Macroscelidea
4380:
4371:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4351:
4342:
4340:
4331:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:Diprotodontia
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4264:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4244:
4235:
4233:
4224:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4180:
4178:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4079:
4078:at Wikispecies
4065:
4064:External links
4062:
4060:
4059:
4052:
4025:
4002:
3977:
3958:
3943:
3925:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3817:
3802:
3796:. Nabu Press.
3784:
3766:
3726:
3713:(2): 527–552.
3689:
3659:
3628:
3610:
3595:
3568:
3538:
3503:
3496:
3474:
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3390:
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3365:
3330:
3304:
3289:
3275:
3255:
3241:
3221:
3190:
3183:
3161:
3134:(2): 213–244.
3118:
3103:
3094:"Reproduction"
3084:
3062:
3055:
3036:
3019:
3012:
2992:
2970:
2963:
2937:
2915:
2894:(1): 101–113.
2874:
2847:"Chapter Six:
2837:
2811:
2788:
2769:(3): 649–653.
2749:
2738:(6): 671–751.
2719:
2708:(3): 309–311.
2692:
2666:
2631:
2624:
2600:
2586:
2563:
2556:
2538:
2508:
2501:"Hyracoidea".
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2401:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2326:
2323:
2310:Proverbs 30:26
2306:
2288:Proverbs 30:26
2276:Leviticus 11:5
2256:
2253:
2252:
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2233:
2215:
2209:
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2128:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2106:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2087:
2081:H. brucei
2073:
2072:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
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1983:
1982:
1971:
1968:
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1963:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1905:
1903:
1895:
1876:
1875:Extant species
1873:
1872:
1871:
1870:
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1859:
1849:
1839:
1824:
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1575:
1557:
1547:
1537:
1526:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1499:perissodactyls
1495:phenacodontids
1486:
1482:perissodactyls
1469:
1465:Saghatheriinae
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
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1415:
1414:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1356:
1353:Perissodactyla
1344:
1342:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
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1199:
1196:
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1183:
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1141:
1138:
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1134:
1133:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1010:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
994:
982:
976:
974:
971:
970:
967:
966:
954:
948:
946:
941:Saghatheriinae
934:
929:
927:
921:
920:
917:
916:
912:
911:
908:
907:
895:
889:
887:
881:
879:
875:
874:
871:
870:
866:
865:
862:
861:
849:
843:
841:
835:
833:
823:
821:
808:
806:
794:
791:
790:
781:
780:List of genera
778:
750:meridiungulate
626:
623:
558:
555:
445:dental formula
416:
413:
376:H. brucei
307:
306:
302:
301:
293:
292:
285:
284:
277:
270:
260:
259:
255:
254:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
151:
150:
131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
57:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5787:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5738:
5732:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5567:
5563:
5558:
5552:
5548:
5543:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5505:
5504:
5498:
5488:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5470:
5464:
5462:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5438:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5353:
5342:
5337:
5335:
5330:
5328:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5308:
5302:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5244:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5131:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5082:Desmostylidae
5079:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5021:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4944:Parapliohyrax
4941:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4914:Pliohyracidae
4908:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4893:Rupestrohyrax
4890:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4589:
4584:
4582:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4485:Artiodactyla
4483:
4481:
4475:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4459:
4457:
4451:
4449:
4445:Eulipotyphla
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4428:Boreoeutheria
4425:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4375:Afrosoricida
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4326:
4318:
4314:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4290:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4219:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4127:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4055:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4020:
4014:
4013:"Spain"
4006:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3962:
3959:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3903:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3856:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3738:
3730:
3727:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3693:
3690:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3551:
3542:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3519:(1): 91–110.
3518:
3514:
3507:
3504:
3499:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3384:0-231-11013-8
3380:
3376:
3369:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3334:
3331:
3318:
3317:The Economist
3314:
3308:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3290:
3278:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3256:
3244:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3225:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3075:gbrmpa.gov.au
3072:
3066:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3005:
3004:
2996:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2941:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2859:
2852:
2850:
2841:
2838:
2825:
2824:Bible Gateway
2821:
2815:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2604:
2601:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2539:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2339:Carthaginians
2336:
2332:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2297:מַעֲלֵה גֵרָה
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2254:
2248:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2174:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2130:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1874:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1789:Parapliohyrax
1783:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:Pliohyracidae
1745:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1729:Rupestrohyrax
1723:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1008:
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
992:
991:
980:
979:
973:
972:
969:
968:
965:
964:
963:
952:
951:
942:
933:
932:
923:
922:
919:
918:
910:
909:
906:
905:
904:
893:
892:
885:
884:
877:
876:
873:
872:
864:
863:
860:
859:
858:
847:
846:
839:
838:
831:
827:
826:
819:
812:
811:
805:
804:
798:
797:
793:
792:
789:
786:
785:
779:
777:
775:
774:South America
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:
682:
681:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
660:
655:
651:
647:
639:
635:
631:
624:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
556:
554:
552:
547:
543:
541:
537:
532:
530:
525:
520:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
498:regurgitation
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:Although not
459:
446:
442:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
414:
412:
410:
409:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
377:
372:
371:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:
343:
339:
338:
333:
328:
322:
317:
316:Ancient Greek
313:
303:
299:
294:
291:
290:
283:
282:
278:
276:
275:
271:
269:
268:
264:
263:
261:
256:
251:
246:
243:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
161:
156:
152:
149:
145:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
55:
48:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5526:
5501:
5484:
5483:Rock hyrax (
5472:
5460:
5448:
5436:
5427:
5407:
5398:
5348:
5211:Palaeoamasia
5209:
5202:
5195:
5175:
5168:
5148:
5137:Embrithopoda
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5071:Neoparadoxia
5069:
5062:
5055:
5007:
5000:
4995:Gigantohyrax
4993:
4983:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4930:Kvabebihyrax
4928:
4921:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4810:
4800:
4790:
4782:Saghatherium
4780:
4770:
4760:
4750:
4740:
4730:
4720:
4712:Dimaitherium
4710:
4694:
4681:
4673:Hadrogeneios
4671:
4661:
4629:Superorder:
4623:Infraclass:
4524:(Treeshrews)
4407:Proboscidea
4398:
4348:(Armadillos)
4231:Ameridelphia
4184:Monotremata
4038:
4017:
4005:
3987:
3980:
3971:
3961:
3934:
3928:
3920:
3908:
3902:
3886:
3879:. Retrieved
3862:
3855:
3838:
3826:
3820:
3793:
3787:
3778:
3769:
3759:18 September
3757:. Retrieved
3753:
3749:
3742:
3736:
3729:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3692:
3680:. Retrieved
3671:
3662:
3650:. Retrieved
3645:
3641:
3631:
3625:. June 2021.
3622:
3613:
3585:
3581:Wilson, D.E.
3577:Shoshani, J.
3571:
3562:
3558:
3549:
3541:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3487:
3477:
3467:
3464:
3456:
3411:
3407:
3393:
3374:
3368:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3321:. Retrieved
3316:
3307:
3298:
3292:
3282:20 September
3280:. Retrieved
3265:
3258:
3248:20 September
3246:. Retrieved
3231:
3224:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3170:
3164:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3106:
3097:
3087:
3074:
3065:
3045:
3039:
3029:
3022:
3002:
2995:
2987:the original
2982:
2973:
2948:
2940:
2927:
2918:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2865:. Retrieved
2858:the original
2848:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2823:
2814:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2735:
2731:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2677:
2669:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2634:
2610:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2576:
2547:
2541:
2529:. Retrieved
2524:
2518:
2511:
2502:
2496:
2463:
2459:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2408:
2404:
2397:Macropodinae
2378:
2357:
2355:
2334:
2328:
2315:
2303:
2284:Psalm 104:18
2272:Hebrew Bible
2269:
2156:
2113:
2108:
2100:
2080:
2075:
2067:
2028:
2023:
2007:
2001:
1978:
1973:
1959:
1954:
1931:
1911:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1867:(Rock hyrax)
1861:
1857:(Bush hyrax)
1851:
1846:Gigantohyrax
1844:
1837:(Tree hyrax)
1831:
1826:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1787:
1777:
1769:Kvabebihyrax
1767:
1757:
1749:
1737:
1727:
1717:
1707:
1699:
1687:
1677:
1669:Saghatherium
1667:
1657:
1647:
1637:
1628:Polyphyletic
1622:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1531:
1523:Dimaitherium
1521:
1512:
1511:
1489:
1472:
1455:
1401:
1358:
1294:
1246:
1242:
1189:
1185:
1149:
1143:
1125:
1119:
1087:Saghatherium
1085:
1079:
1061:
1055:
1016:
1012:
988:
984:
960:
956:
901:
897:
855:
851:
829:
787:
768:through the
762:notoungulate
748:The extinct
747:
739:Embrithopoda
727:
707:
684:
678:
672:
659:Dimaitherium
657:
643:
633:
579:Paenungulata
560:
548:
544:
533:
521:
514:
475:
429:
418:
406:
404:
395:
385:
375:
369:
348:
336:
311:
310:
286:
279:
272:
265:
244:
235:Paenungulata
231:Grandorder:
218:
208:Superorder:
138:
52:55.8–0
36:
5644:iNaturalist
5551:Wikispecies
5485:P. capensis
5450:Heterohyrax
5437:D. dorsalis
5428:D. arboreus
5409:Dendrohyrax
5399:Procaviidae
5387:Superorder
5381:Infraclass
5349:Hyracoidea
5237:Proboscidea
5226:Proboscidea
5177:Namatherium
5150:Stylolophus
5105:Desmostylus
5098:Cornwallius
5038:Desmostylia
5025:Tethytheria
5002:Heterohyrax
4985:Dendrohyrax
4976:Procaviidae
4900:Titanohyrax
4886:Antilohyrax
4835:Brachyhyrax
4826:Geniohyidae
4802:Selenohyrax
4762:Regubahyrax
4732:Megalohyrax
4625:Placentalia
4530:Dermoptera
4522:Scandentia
4514:Lagomorpha
4463:(Pangolins)
4453:Chiroptera
4409:(Elephants)
4399:Hyracoidea
4155:(unranked)
4076:Procaviidae
3894:Wood (1877)
3847:Wood (2014)
3775:""Shaphan""
3701:Dendrohyrax
3682:17 December
3346:: 131–194.
2826:. Zondervan
2531:25 February
2483:Altungulata
2384:artiodactyl
2265:Mount Kenya
2069:Heterohyrax
1933:Dendrohyrax
1912:Procaviidae
1853:Heterohyrax
1833:Dendrohyrax
1827:Procaviidae
1739:Titanohyrax
1719:Antilohyrax
1679:Selenohyrax
1649:Regubahyrax
1639:Megalohyrax
1572:Brachyhyrax
1563:Geniohyidae
1461:Procaviidae
1289:Proboscidea
1191:Megalohyrax
1151:Antilohyrax
1127:Titanohyrax
1063:Selenohyrax
743:Desmostylia
686:Megalohyrax
680:Titanohyrax
654:Middle East
563:Proboscidea
484:that allow
400:Middle East
274:Heterohyrax
267:Dendrohyrax
5754:Categories
5571:Hyracoidea
5557:Hyracoidea
5527:Hyracoidea
5389:Afrotheria
5204:Hypsamasia
5091:Behemotops
4937:Meroehyrax
4856:Pachyhyrax
4812:Thyrohyrax
4792:Seggeurius
4772:Rukwalorax
4742:Microhyrax
4695:Hyracoidea
4663:Abdounodus
4631:Afrotheria
4469:Carnivora
4461:Pholidota
4393:(Aardvark)
4367:Afrotheria
4346:Cingulata
4327:inclusive)
4249:(Opossums)
4220:inclusive)
4210:Metatheria
4167:Yinotheria
4151:Vertebrata
4149:Subphylum
4088:Hyracoidea
3652:14 October
3323:15 January
2851:the hyrax"
2489:References
2434:in Hebrew
2417:Phoenician
2393:Hyracoidea
2110:Rock hyrax
1779:Meroehyrax
1689:Thyrohyrax
1659:Rukwalorax
1612:Pachyhyrax
1554:Seggeurius
1544:Microhyrax
1513:Hyracoidea
1018:Thyrohyrax
990:Pachyhyrax
903:Microhyrax
857:Seggeurius
830:Hyracoidea
818:Afrotheria
729:taxonomic
585:and their
527:efficient
500:as in the
392:rock hyrax
349:Hyracoidea
258:Subgroups
245:Hyracoidea
212:Afrotheria
135:Rock hyrax
5461:H. brucei
5351:(Hyraxes)
5270:includes
5243:elephants
5241:includes
4951:Pliohyrax
4879:Afrohyrax
4849:Geniohyus
4842:Bunohyrax
4752:Namahyrax
4722:Helioseus
4605:Kingdom:
4538:Primates
4532:(Colugos)
4506:Rodentia
4401:(Hyraxes)
4338:Xenarthra
4325:Placental
4218:Marsupial
3953:232301052
3892:see also
3876:979571526
3845:see also
3835:976950183
3812:936245561
3648:: 141–161
3565:: 93–112.
3468:] in the
3301:. BBC TV.
3210:(1): e4.
2910:0044-5096
2808:(3): 219.
2744:251821046
2655:(1): e4.
2517:"Dassie,
2467:peninsula
2465:cuniculus
2370:Footnotes
2335:I-Shpania
2202: (
2196::
2165:(family)
2140:(family)
1799:Pliohyrax
1709:Afrohyrax
1602:Namahyrax
1592:Geniohyus
1582:Bunohyrax
1533:Helioseus
1478:hyracoids
1305:mastodons
1297:elephants
1248:Geniohyus
962:Bunohyrax
770:Oligocene
766:Paleocene
691:Oligocene
625:Evolution
587:testicles
551:myoglobin
536:gestation
506:macropods
490:ungulates
486:symbiotic
478:ruminants
361:elephants
178:Kingdom:
172:Eukaryota
5688:11400001
5536:Wikidata
5503:Category
5474:Procavia
5383:Eutheria
5377:Mammalia
5371:Chordata
5365:Animalia
5363:Kingdom
5276:manatees
5009:Procavia
4965:Prohyrax
4619:Mammalia
4613:Chordata
4611:Phylum:
4607:Animalia
4415:Sirenia
4317:Eutheria
4145:Chordata
4139:Animalia
4137:Kingdom
3623:phys.org
3605:62265494
3579:(2005).
3533:36591482
3448:25295875
3408:PLoS One
3360:39296485
3156:84398730
3071:"Dugong"
2867:25 April
2477:See also
2460:Hispania
2420:i-spn-ya
2409:Hispania
2389:ungulate
2321:(2011).
2307:—
2236:Tigrinya
2214:: Gitori
2175:(order)
2121:(genus)
2102:Procavia
2045:(genus)
1944:
1922:
1863:Procavia
1819:Prohyrax
1398:
1301:mammoths
803:Eutheria
731:outgroup
719:toenails
711:capybara
703:Pliocene
652:and the
571:manatees
482:stomachs
441:diastema
432:incisors
365:sea cows
289:see text
281:Procavia
202:Mammalia
192:Chordata
188:Phylum:
182:Animalia
168:Domain:
49:–recent
18:Hyracoid
5760:Hyraxes
5369:Phylum
5354:species
5347:Extant
5272:dugongs
5266:Sirenia
5255:Sirenia
5057:Ashoroa
4683:Ocepeia
4617:Class:
4354:Pilosa
4157:Amniota
4143:Phylum
4124:Extant
3881:12 June
3868:367–371
3439:4189980
3416:Bibcode
3136:Bibcode
2955:462–465
2928:awf.org
2924:"Hyrax"
2830:8 April
2783:8529006
2593:18 June
2462:as the
2440:hyraxes
2358:shpania
2343:Hadrian
2325:"Spain"
2223:שָּׁפָן
2148:
2099:
2094:
2091:(genus)
2085:
2011:
1910:
1881:reduced
1403:
1360:
1355:
1291:
1154:
1145:
1130:
1121:
1090:
1081:
1066:
1057:
943:
936:
926:
832:
820:
752:family
737:orders
735:extinct
695:Miocene
664:mammals
638:Miocene
611:canines
607:incisor
583:scrotum
575:dugongs
567:Sirenia
529:kidneys
517:rodents
454:2.0.4.3
451:1.0.4.3
381:koppies
353:marmots
344:in the
342:mammals
337:dassies
312:Hyraxes
241:Order:
198:Class:
148:Namibia
42:Hyraxes
5737:106315
5734:uBio:
5714:561107
5675:180675
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