923:
929:
450:). This would indicate a secondary atmosphere produced by processes like volcanic activity and evaporation of volatile materials. However, the composition of volatile materials on HD 219134 b and c could not be accurately determined, yet it is believed that HD 219134 c lacks the amount of volatiles of its sister planet and has an atmosphere more similar to the terrestrial planets of the Solar System. This planet may had liquid water when it formed but unfortunately it was too close to its host star thus may had suffered an runaway greenhouse effect and is a Venus a-like world.
917:
349:(9,627 km), once again with a small error margin. Despite being smaller in both mass and radius than its sister planet, HD 219134 c's density works out to be higher, at almost 7 g/cm, heavily implying a rock and iron based composition, similar to the terrestrial planets in the Solar System. However, it appears to have a somewhat higher fraction of iron than Earth. The planet's gravitational pull is around 1.91g, or over 90% greater than that of Earth.
1128:
853:
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352:
Based on the planet's close proximity to the star, HD 219134 c is much hotter than Earth. It receives about 62 times the incident flux of Earth, and has an equilibrium temperature of 782 K (509 °C; 948 °F), hot enough to melt certain metals. Depending on the greenhouse effect and/or
369:
takes almost 88 days to orbit at a distance of 0.38 AU. Due to its close proximity to the star, the planet is likely a synchronous rotator, where one side of the planet always faces the parent star. HD 219134 c is near a 9:5 resonance with HD 219134 b and a 3:1 resonance with
299:. Originally thought to be a little less than three times the mass of Earth, it is now known to be over 4 times the mass and 51% larger in radius, suggesting a rocky composition with a higher quantity of iron than Earth. The exoplanet was initially detected by the instrument
435:
likely have atmospheres that are secondary in nature, based on the compositions of the planets and the potential for atmospheric escape. For HD 219134 c, the predicted atmosphere was calculated to reach a height of about 0.13
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HD 219134 c orbits its host star very closely, taking just 6.76 days to complete one full revolution at an orbital radius of 0.0653
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the amount of cloud cover in the planet's atmosphere, its actual temperature may be significantly higher or lower.
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Gillon, Michaël; et al. (2017). "Two massive rocky planets transiting a K-dwarf 6.5 parsecs away".
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and is about 11.0 billion years old, making it one of the oldest stars. In comparison, the
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443:(~830 km), below the predicted height of a primordial hydrogen atmosphere (0.19
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in 2017. Later that year, it was predicted that HD 219134 c has an atmosphere.
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394:, orbited by a total of five to seven planets. The star has a mass of 0.81
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with very low uncertainty. Its radius was found to be 1.511
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is 4.6 billion years old and has a temperature of 5778 K.
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431:In 2017, it was predicted that HD 219134 c and
311:. Transits of the planet were observed by the
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634:"Secondary Atmospheres on HD 219134 b and C"
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1602:Exoplanets detected by radial velocity
18:
267:782 K (509 °C; 948 °F)
7:
879:(technology demonstration; Dec 2015)
632:Dorn, Caroline; Heng, Kevin (2018).
14:
609:Fraser Cain (15 September 2008).
583:Fraser Cain (16 September 2008).
508:exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu
479:exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu
328:HD 219134 c is confirmed to be a
1556:
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408:. It has a temperature of 4699
16:Super-Earth orbiting HD 219134
1:
1597:Exoplanets discovered in 2015
898:(weather satellite; Feb 2015)
873:(weather satellite; Jan 2015)
365:. For comparison, the planet
324:Mass, radius, and temperature
1571:Category:2016 in outer space
1566:Category:2015 in outer space
1561:Category:2014 in outer space
305:Telescopio Nazionale Galileo
43:Telescopio Nazionale Galileo
1607:Near-Earth-sized exoplanets
904:(space telescope; Sep 2015)
1623:
1592:Cassiopeia (constellation)
1532:orbit insertion; Dec 2015)
1508:(end of mission; Apr 2015)
1500:orbit insertion; Mar 2015)
1357:1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5
1539:
1459:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
975:Asteroid close approaches
913:
821:
638:The Astrophysical Journal
284:, is a hot, dense, rocky
271:
136:Orbital period (sidereal)
1352:WISE J224607.57−052635.0
669:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9c80
611:"Temperature of the Sun"
295:in the constellation of
169:Physical characteristics
562:10.1038/s41550-017-0056
313:Spitzer Space Telescope
77:Orbital characteristics
1551:Outer space portal
1488:; Nov 2014 / Mar 2015)
1393:(first observation of
401:and a radius of 0.778
309:radial velocity method
65:radial velocity method
1438:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
946:2015 Kerala meteoroid
585:"How Old is the Sun?"
382:The planet orbits a (
951:2015 Thailand bolide
849:Space probe launches
719:The HD 219134 system
288:orbiting around the
141:6.76458 (± 0.00033)
101:0.06125 (± 0.00588)
88:0.06935 (± 0.00588)
1428:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
1395:gravitational waves
1377:541132 Leleākūhonua
888:Space observatories
660:2018ApJ...853...64D
554:2017NatAs...1E..56G
116:0.06530 (± 0.0008)
49:Discovery date
34:Discovery site
24:
1443:C/2015 G2 (MASTER)
421:apparent magnitude
357:Orbit and rotation
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1473:Space exploration
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59:Detection method
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1141:evaporation of
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1096:(85989) 1999 JD
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1084:(33342) 1998 WT
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1148:Gliese 1132 b
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938:Impact events
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475:"HD 219134 c"
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1513:New Horizons
1511:
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1372:Tabby's Star
1172:
1143:Gliese 436 b
863:Space probes
753:
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615:. Retrieved
604:
592:. Retrieved
578:
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511:. Retrieved
507:
482:. Retrieved
478:
430:
418:
381:
360:
351:
327:
281:
277:
276:
225:−0.933
125:Eccentricity
52:2015 July 30
1520:; Jul 2015)
1362:ASASSN-15lh
1347:(announced)
1320:Discoveries
1301:51 Pegasi b
1298:spectrum of
1288:KOI-4878.01
1283:Kepler-453b
1278:Kepler-452b
1273:Kepler-451b
1246:Kepler-442b
1241:Kepler-440b
1236:Kepler-438b
1201:HIP 11915 b
1158:HD 164595 b
1153:HD 155233 b
1137:Aldebaran b
1029:1566 Icarus
774:HD 219134 h
769:HD 219134 g
764:HD 219134 d
759:HD 219134 f
754:HD 219134 c
749:HD 219134 b
617:19 February
594:19 February
538:(3). 0056.
504:"HD 219134"
433:HD 219134 b
419:The star's
372:HD 219134 f
333:super-Earth
290:K-type star
278:HD 219134 c
263:Temperature
251:−0.20
176:Mean radius
150:Inclination
1586:Categories
1516:(flyby of
1484:(orbiting
1464:10P/Tempel
1454:(Catalina)
1433:88P/Howell
1423:15P/Finlay
1311:Wolf 1061c
1251:Kepler-444
1124:Exoplanets
651:1711.07745
545:1703.01430
513:2017-12-26
484:2017-12-24
454:References
427:Atmosphere
297:Cassiopeia
97:Periastron
1505:MESSENGER
1486:comet 67P
1449:C/2013 US
1344:EGS-zs8-1
1306:WASP-121b
1293:LkCa 15 b
1163:HD 219134
965:Selected
733:HD 219134
644:(1): 64.
392:HD 219134
378:Host star
293:HD 219134
286:exoplanet
282:HR 8832 c
163:HD 219134
28:Discovery
1525:Akatsuki
1402:GW151226
1390:GW150914
1382:VFTS 352
1231:KELT-4Ab
902:Astrosat
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406:☉
399:☉
307:via the
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1481:Rosetta
1411:Comets
1367:EGSY8p7
1328:2015 BP
1108:2015 SO
1072:2007 VE
1060:2015 TB
1048:2015 TC
1036:2015 HM
1005:2015 AZ
981:2015 BP
826:«
742:Planets
656:Bibcode
550:Bibcode
367:Mercury
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215:density
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384:K-type
220:6.969
1530:Venus
1518:Pluto
1498:Ceres
1206:K2-3d
726:Stars
674:S2CID
646:arXiv
566:S2CID
540:arXiv
330:rocky
246:1.91
213:Mean
1493:Dawn
967:NEOs
871:SMAP
836:2016
829:2014
619:2011
596:2011
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195:Mass
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