31:
527:"HIV Haemophilia Litigation" refers to the case AMcG002 v Central Birmingham Health Authority (1), Coventry and District Health Authority (2), West Midlands Regional Health Authority (3), Oxfordshire Health Authority (4), Oxfordshire Regional Health Authority (5), The Attorney General on Behalf of the Committee on Safety of Medicines (6), The Attorney General on Behalf of the Licensing Authority Pursuant to the Medicines Act 1968 (7), Secretary of State for Health (8), Department of Health (9), North West Thames Regional Health Authority (10) and Central Blood Laboratories Authority (11); case reference 1989 E N. 2111.
1432:...If ministers are having serious worries about the precedents caused by the HIV scheme there is an alternative handling option… and that is to admit that our legal case in the HIV litigation was not 100% watertight. In other words we could suggest that the government agreed to the HIV scheme not because there was anything special about the plight of haemophiliacs, but on a straight calculation of the balance of risk that the court would in fact have found it negligent if the case had come to trial...
1399:
was not 100% watertight. In other words, we could (at this distance in time) suggest that the government agreed to the HIV scheme not because there was anything special about that the plight of haemophiliacs, but on a straight calculation of the balance of risk that the court would in fact have found it negligent if the case had come to trial. This preserves the
Government's stance on no-fault compensation, and clearly implies that every new claim has to be looked at on its legal merits.
350:(ACVSB). The use of the waivers has been described as controversial by the Haemophilia Society in their first written submission to the Archer Independent Inquiry because it was felt by many haemophiliacs that the government of the time was already aware of the true scale of infection with non-A non-B hepatitis (NANBH) in those who had been treated with blood products.
218:
alleged that the defendants did not respond correctly to the AIDS crisis, specifically, in not reacting with urgency to move to banning imported blood products which were derived from paid donors. Another significant ground was breach of duty as provided for in statute, for example, under the
National Health Service Act 1977.
1517:, 11 (EWHC 2001) ("Dr Gunson came away impressed, and reported back to the two high powered committees on which he sat, the UK Advisory Committee on Virological Safety of Blood ('ACVSB'), and the UK Advisory Committee on Transfusion Transmitted Diseases ('ACTTD'), of which latter he was the Chairman.").
293:, was also keen for the government to settle the action. The haemophiliac plaintiffs were developing AIDS and 130 infected haemophiliacs had already died by 9 November 1990. The next month, the action was settled out-of-court by which time the number of plaintiffs on the roll of names had risen to 1,217.
1460:
To ask the
Secretary of State for Health how many requests her Department has received for original copies of legal waivers signed by haemophiliacs undertaking not to take legal action against the Department or any other public body in respect of infection with HIV or hepatitis viruses as a result of
831:
Some 600 haemophiliacs with the AIDS virus are pursuing compensation through the courts. The
Department of Health, the Medicines Licensing Authority, which comprises the United Kingdom Health Ministers, and the Committee on Safety of Medicines, which gives advice to the licensing authority, are among
771:
1.4. Whether any undertakings given by the
Claimants or any of them, directly or indirectly, to the Defendant at any time arising out of the HIV Haemophilia Litigation or otherwise are binding upon the Claimants, and in all the circumstances whether it is unconscionable for the Defendant to rely upon
1398:
If ministers are having serious worries about the precedents caused by the HIV scheme there is an alternative handling option (which might also be worth thinking about if we ever need to consider compromising the current CJD litigation), and that is to admit that our legal case in the HIV Litigation
256:
No one could doubt the sincerity of the efforts of those in the
Department to protect and to assist the plaintiffs as patients in the National Health Service, but on the pleaded case grave errors of judgment were made. Even if there was no grave error of judgment it appears to be not in dispute that
208:
The litigation commenced around April 1989 and by 7 July 1989, at least 300 plaintiffs had joined the action. Within four months another 300 haemophiliacs had joined the action, however, by this time, (November 1989) 163 haemophiliacs had already developed full-blown AIDS and 107 had died. There was
1746:
Dr. Savidge raised the point that one member of the AIDS Group was acting as an expert on behalf of the
Plaintiffs' and wondered whether it was acceptable for him to take part in the Group's discussions on Litigation and the Defence of the main statement of claim... ...Dr. Aronstam said he was the
480:
Professor Arthur Bloom acted as an expert witness for the Health
Authorities. He was Personal Chair in haematology in Cardiff in 1976 and chair of the UK Haemophilia Centre Directors Organisation from 1979 to 1985. He was also a senior member of the expert medical advisory panel to the Haemophilia
284:
took the rare initiative of issuing a handwritten note imploring the parties to give anxious consideration to settling the action out of court. He stressed the moral obligation and duty that fell on the UK government toward the HIV-infected haemophiliacs. However, the judge's plea was resisted for
217:
The plaintiff's principal allegations were that the UK government had been negligent in failing to become sufficient as a country in the supply of blood products at an earlier point, and in delaying the implementation of heat-treatment of clotting factors in order to inactivate HIV. It was further
992:
18. The AIDS crisis. Secondly, we criticise the defendants for failing to react quickly to the AIDS crisis from 1982. We allege that they took an unjustifiably optimistic attitude to the epidemic, and in consequence failed to ban or restrict
American blood products, or introduce heat-treatment of
443:
Under "Common Issues", paragraph 1.4. states: "Whether any undertakings given by the
Claimants or any of them, directly or indirectly, to the Defendant at any time arising out of the HIV Haemophilia Litigation or otherwise are binding upon the Claimants, and in all the circumstances whether it is
271:
The three appellate judges found for the plaintiffs and ordered the PII documents to be disclosed, overturning the ruling of Rougier J of 31 July 1990 and at the same time, the cross-appeal by the Department of Health was dismissed. Lord Justice Bingham recorded in the judgment that he felt "the
1465:
In the period April 2006 to March 2007 the Department received three requests for copies of waivers signed by haemophiliacs infected with HIV through blood products. The Department has been unable to satisfy these requests. There is no requirement for such waivers in relation to infection with
237:
The documents being withheld under public interest fell into a number of categories: submissions and draft submissions to ministers, policy documents, exchanges with ministers, documents revealing the process by which policy decisions were arrived at, documents showing exchanges between senior
353:
During the course of a meeting of the AIDS Group of the Haemophilia Centre Directors held on 12 February 1990, a question was posed as to whether hepatitis was likely to become "another item for which haemophiliacs would seek litigation" and whether it was advisable for the Haemophilia Centre
1651:
The news comes after the revelation last week that Dr Andrzej Rejman had hidden information from victims. Dr Rejman admitted to advising the Government to add a clause to the HIV litigation that would prevent people who later discovered they had been infected with hepatitis C from suing
1593:
This waiver is controversial because many people with haemophilia believe that the Government knew at the time that non-A, non-B hepatitis was widespread in the haemophilia community. Many patients say they were tested in secret in the 1980s but not told of the results for up to a
1130:
The Appeal Court judges who yesterday ruled in favour of disclosure were clearly unimpressed by the Department of Health's arguments. Indeed, those who went to court must be encouraged by the view taken in the judgment that they appear to have "at least a good arguable case" of
1852:
741:
The 962 plaintiffs brought action against, inter alia, the Department of Health, the licensing authority under Medicines Act 1968, the committee on the safety of medicines, all regional and district health authorities in England and Wales, and the central blood laboratories
1084:
The 962 plaintiffs (most of them with haemophilia) seek damages for personal injuries allegedly caused by breach of a statutory duty under the National Health Service Act of 1977 and in negligence over HIV-contaminated factor VIII concentrate imported into the UK from the
363:
reported that during the HIV litigation, information had been withheld from litigants and that a requisite undertaking had been inserted into the legal proceedings which served to exclude future legal action if plaintiffs were later found to be infected with hepatitis C.
471:, the doctors who had treated haemophiliacs were not named as defendants in the litigation, but were instead asked to become witnesses in support of the government. However, it is also known that certain haemophilia consultants became expert witnesses for the plaintiffs.
245:
report by Justice Horace Krever provides a more specific breakdown of the subject matter of the documents which were under consideration during the appeal: documents relating to the drive for self-sufficiency, the allocation of resources, documents on the laboratory
577:
Their lawyers argued that the Government was guilty of negligence and breach of statutory duty in importing contaminated supplies of the blood clotting product, Factor 8, from the US and allowing British-made Factor 8 to become infected with the
707:
Near the end of the HHL, Mr Justice Ognall allowed the plaintiffs' lawyers to act in the forthcoming Hepatitis Litigation, using the knowledge acquired when acting in the HHL, particularly resulting from the disclosure provided by the various
318:, undertaking not to pursue any further legal action against the Department of Health or other defendants with respect to infection with any other viruses contracted through contaminated blood products. The waivers effectively served as an
872:...in April 1989 a number of hemophiliacs brought a civil action against the Department of Health, the Medicines Licensing Authority, the Committee on Safety of Medicines, the Blood Products Laboratory, and the regional health authorities.
1870:
Experts looking into the impact of the blood scandal, which saw up to 30,000 NHS patients infected with HIV and hepatitis through contaminated blood transfusions in the 1970s and 80s, were asked to 'tone down' their reports, a court has
1258:
A plea by Mr Justice Ognall that the Government should reach a speedy settlement with haemophilia sufferers who developed Aids because of NHS treatment with contaminated blood products was rejected by Mr Clarke, Health Secretary, last
1575:
It is also believed that the committee was responsible for suggesting that those who had been infected with HIV and wanted compensation should sign a waiver agreeing not to sue if they were later found to have contracted other
993:
blood or testing of donors early enough, and neglected to take a number of other measures. The defendants say that the AIDS crisis happened very quickly, and that they took all the precautions that were reasonable at the time.
205:), the CSM (the Committee on the Safety of Medicines), the CBLA (Central Blood Laboratories Authority), and the regional health authorities of England and Wales. In total, there were 220 defendants in the action.
568:
Dyer, Clare (12 December 1990). "Biggest injury deal disappoints Aids victims: Clare Dyer reports on the out-of-court settlement for HIV-infected haemophiliacs who will receive an average Pounds 35,000 each".
1817:
Professor Bloom was influential: he was Chairman of the Haemophilia Centre Directors, a senior member of the Society's own medical advisory panel and a member of the Central Blood Laboratories Authority
1853:"Government accused of 'Hillsborough cover-up' after court hears doctors were asked to 'tone down' reports of contaminated blood scandal which infected up to 30,000 patients with HIV and hepatitis"
1201:
The tragedy was avoidable," said Lord Justice Bingham, "in the sense that, had different measures been taken in the 1970s and early 1980s, it could, at least in large measure, have been prevented.
306:, revealed that senior government officials held the belief in 1995 that the government would have been found negligent and lost the HIV Haemophilia Litigation had the case gone to full trial.
1839:
Professor Bloom, who was chairman of the Haemophilia Centre Directors, a senior member of the Society's own medical advisory panel and a member of the Central Blood Laboratories Authority, ...
1718:
I make this statement because I was a Senior Medical Officer responsible for Haematology at the Department of Health commencing 1st March 1989. I stopped working in that role on 31 July 1997.
1698:
1683:"Look, we've read this expert witness report. We suggest that you ask Professor Bloom would he be prepared tone this bit down, tone that bit down, you know, change the emphasis or whatever"
468:
242:
230:
that required the first central defendant, the Department of Health, to surrender some, but not all of 600 files of historic papers spanning 1972 to 1986, on which they were asserting
1558:
397:
347:
454:
250:) where blood products were manufactured, on the NBTS, on the screening of donors, on steps to limit the infection with hepatitis, and on heat-treatment of blood products.
1413:
1899:
402:
257:
there was in fact a failure to protect the plaintiffs from the danger of using blood products, whether imported or supplied in this country, which were infected. (...)
272:
tragedy was avoidable in the sense that, had different measures been taken in the 1970s and early 1980s, it could, at least in large measure, have been prevented."
1545:
The ACVSB had advised ministers to require victims to sign a waiver agreeing not to pursue the Government over hepatitis infections when applying for compensation.
332:
reported that the waivers prevented infected haemophiliacs and other plaintiffs from suing specifically if it "was later found that they had hepatitis C as well".
1497:
They also had to sign legal waivers under the Department of Health deal, promising they would not sue if it was later found that they had hepatitis C as well.
354:
Directors to continue to collect data. Later in the same meeting, Dr Simpson confirmed that the Haemophilia Society should not be given hepatitis data.
30:
1776:
I think ultimately Professor Bloom prepared an expert witness statement which was actually for the Health Authorities, which they then shared with us.
852:
The plaintiffs claim damages for personal injuries which they allege were caused by the negligence and breach of statutory duty of the 220 defendants.
1889:
1632:
1446:
1306:
1253:
303:
121:
209:
an initial deadline of 2 February 1990 imposed, but this was extended in order to permit 200 haemophiliac children to sign up to the action.
1894:
1731:"Minutes of the Nineteenth Meeting of the AIDS Group of Haemophilia Centre Directors held at The Royal Free Hospital on 12th February 1990"
1607:"Minutes of the Nineteenth Meeting of the AIDS Group of Haemophilia Centre Directors held at The Royal Free Hospital on 12th February 1990"
198:
1461:
infected blood products; how many such documents the Department has provided following those requests; and if she will make a statement.
41:
1759:
1664:
1339:
First recorded in 1595–1605; special use of list (in the sense "roll of names," perhaps originally of contestants in the lists); ...
922:
784:
734:
700:
663:
636:
343:
may not be binding upon the claimants, due to it now being deemed "unconscionable for the Defendant to rely upon such undertaking".
234:(PII). The appeal had been brought by the plaintiffs and was being considered in conjunction with a cross-appeal by the defendants.
1214:
226:
On 20 September 1990, the Court of Appeal heard an appeal concerning discovery where an order of 31 July 1990 had been made by Mr
594:
929:
Towards the end of November 1989,... ...A hundred and sixty-three haemophiliacs had developed full-blown AIDS and 107 were dead.
346:
The decision to implement the waivers was made during the course of the litigation by a high-powered government committee, the
1352:
377:
238:
officials, briefings to ministers, and position papers on the formulation of future policy prepared by civil servants.
1528:
626:
335:
The validity of the waivers has more recently been brought into question in the wording of the Group Litigation Order in
376:
Dr Andrzej Rejman, a former Senior Medical Officer from March 1989. He admitted that the Department of Health had asked
820:
388:, and according to Dr Rejman's testimony, this was done in order to tone down certain parts or change the emphasis.
884:
1479:
231:
1830:
247:
1808:
1271:
1012:
864:
481:
Society and a member of the research and development committee of the Central Blood Laboratories Authority.
202:
98:
1685:, which is what we did with our expert witnesses if we thought they were going off tangent or whatever.
181:
41 BMLR 171, 140 NLJR 1349 (CA), E N. 2111, also known as AMcG002, and HHL, was a legal claim by 962
1514:
1102:
263:
116:
1747:
person referred to... ...It was pointed out that Dr. Jones was acting for 5 Plaintiffs in Scotland.
1637:
1414:"Tainted blood scandal: Health officials thought victims would win court case, secret memo reveals"
1248:
359:
323:
1730:
1606:
314:
On settlement, the plaintiffs were required to sign a Deed of Undertaking, often referred to as a
1103:"HIV Haemophiliac Litigation Court of Appeal (Ralph Gibson and Bingham L.JJ. and Sir John Megaw)"
1075:
968:
960:
1380:
1287:
The chief medical officer also urged the Department of Health to settle the matter out of court.
1045:
791:
1904:
1857:
1192:
1067:
918:
844:
Shiranikha, Herbert (28 September 1990). "Law Report: Haemophiliacs to see health documents".
819:
Roger Freeman, The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Health (13 November 1989).
730:
696:
659:
653:
632:
1182:
1174:
1059:
952:
599:
384:
called by the defendants in the HIV Haemophilia Litigation. These experts included the late
1301:
385:
227:
986:
Brennan QC, Daniel; Jackson QC, Rupert; Brooke, Michael; Evans, Hugh (10 December 1990).
1221:
1159:
1246:
Fletcher, David (16 October 1990). "Haemophiliac case judge's plea snubbed by Clarke".
1187:
381:
290:
286:
194:
754:
1883:
1418:
1063:
972:
298:
1079:
1484:
846:
571:
339:, where at 1.4. it's suggested that any undertakings given by the claimants in the
328:
281:
186:
1681:
We could have obviously -- and I suspect we did -- say to the Health Authorities,
990:. London: 2 Crown Office Row, Temple and 38 Essex Street, Temple. pp. 10–13.
512:"Jason Evans & Others and Secretary of State for Health - Claim No. HQ17C3611"
724:
690:
1311:
Of the infected haemophiliacs 208 have already developed Aids and 130 have died.
1299:
Hall, Celia (9 November 1990). "Settlement for haemophiliacs 'rests in court'".
901:
Of 1200 haemophiliacs with HIV, only 300 have initiated claims for compensation.
1050:
761:. Group litigation orders - HM Courts & Tribunals Service. 27 October 2017
511:
373:
289:, and was still being rebutted on 16 October 1990. The Chief Medical Officer,
197:
in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The first central defendants were the then
126:
1789:
1178:
956:
546:
322:
against future legal action against the Department of Health in relation to
319:
182:
1196:
1071:
1323:
1272:"Part IV: International Responses to the Risk of HIV in the Blood Supply"
865:"Part IV: International Responses to the Risk of HIV in the Blood Supply"
613:
The victims, who had taken a legal class action against the government...
372:
On 10 May 2022, oral evidence was given to the Infected Blood Inquiry by
1633:"Government 'pressured infected blood scandal victims to accept payout'"
1445:
Caroline Flint, Minister of State for Public Health (14 May 2007).
964:
944:
1589:
Haemophilia Society Submission to the Archer Independent Public Inquiry
1451:
1381:"Haemophilia patients and others with hepatitis C: compensation policy"
1357:
825:
189:(but also their wives, partners and children), who were infected with
16:
Legal action by haemophiliacs infected with HIV through blood products
1809:"Final Report: Chapter 12 - HIV/AIDS: Response and Clinical Practice"
1797:. Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London. p. 73.
1013:"Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada – Krever Report"
315:
266:, HIV Haemophiliac Litigation, Court of Appeal, 20 September 1990
201:, with other defendants being the Licensing Authority of the time, (
444:
unconscionable for the Defendant to rely upon such undertaking."
190:
1736:. Penrose Inquiry. 12 February 1990. p. 1-3. LOT0034450
1612:. Penrose Inquiry. 12 February 1990. p. 3-4. LOT0034450
1559:"Bereaved families fear blood scandal cover-up by officials"
785:"HIV Haemophilia Litigation, The Main Settlement Agreement"
549:. Court of Appeal (EWCA). 20 September 1990. VLEX 793542621
1455:. Vol. 460. House of Commons. col. 572WA–575WA.
1529:"Shred of Evidence; Fury at HIV blood scandal 'cover-up'"
1760:"Oral Evidence - Dr Andrzej Rejman - London -10/05/2022"
1665:"Oral Evidence - Dr Andrzej Rejman - London -10/05/2022"
1699:"WITN4486001 - Written Statement of Dr Andrzej Rejman"
1046:"Confidential Documents in HIV/haemophilia Litigation"
53:
AMcG002 v Central Birmingham Health Authority (1),...
1305:. p. 2. File JA 404/4 (MF/580/306). – via
1252:. p. 2. File: JA 404/4 (MF/580/306) – via
695:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
398:
Advisory Committee on the Virological Safety of Blood
348:
Advisory Committee on the Virological Safety of Blood
1591:. The Haemophilia Society. 25 May 2007. p. 38.
1160:"Justice versus equity for haemophiliacs with AIDS"
755:"100. Contaminated Blood Products Group Litigation"
595:"Ken Clarke rejected infected blood scandal advice"
302:that a Department of Health memo, unearthed at the
135:
109:
104:
94:
89:
66:
58:
48:
37:
23:
1791:Haemophilia: Recent History of Clinical Management
677:Re HIV Haemophiliac Litigation 140 NLJR 1349 (CA)
1766:. Infected Blood Inquiry. 10 May 2022. p. 35
1671:. Infected Blood Inquiry. 10 May 2022. p. 37
1082:– via Repository Library (georgetown.edu).
988:HIV Haemophilia Litigation - Advice on Settlement
915:The End of Innocence: Britain in the Time of AIDS
1708:. Infected Blood Inquiry. p. 1. WITN4486001
1510:A & Ors v National Blood Authority & Ors
455:A & Ors v National Blood Authority & Ors
403:Contaminated blood scandal in the United Kingdom
1788:Christie, D A; Tansey, E M (10 February 1998).
692:In Product Liability in Comparative Perspective
253:
1143:"Haemophiliacs can see documents about Aids".
588:
586:
628:Medicine, patients and the law: Sixth edition
547:"Re H.I.V Haemophiliac Litigation - Case Law"
8:
1557:Burgess, Kaya; Halle, Martyn (13 May 2019).
689:Fairgrieve, Duncan; Brooke, Michael (2005).
1022:. Final report - Volume 3. pp. 940–942
814:
812:
285:several months by the Health Secretary, Mr
1097:
1095:
1093:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
296:It was reported on 4 February 2022 in the
29:
20:
1186:
951:. 300:67 (6717): 67–68. 13 January 1990.
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
425:originating around the time of 1595-1605.
917:. London: Faber and Faber. p. 212.
718:
716:
193:as a result of having been treated with
1900:Contaminated haemophilia blood products
939:
937:
829:. House of Commons. col. 153–159.
541:
539:
537:
535:
494:
414:
1307:The National Archives (United Kingdom)
1254:The National Archives (United Kingdom)
625:Brazier, Margaret; Cave, Emma (2016).
222:Discovery and public interest immunity
1361:. House of Commons. col. 620–621
1039:
1037:
7:
1044:Brahams, Diana (29 September 1990).
525:– via Collins Law Solicitors.
434:National Archives file JA 607/302/1.
380:at the time to alter the reports of
1744:– via penroseinquiry.org.uk.
1412:Gallagher, Paul (4 February 2022).
1395:– via The National Archives.
1105:. Sweet & Maxwell Limited. 2003
913:Garfield, Simon (6 November 1995).
1620:– via penroseinquiry.org.uk.
1480:"Haemophiliacs 'duped' into tests"
593:Wheeler, Caroline (25 July 2021).
458:EWHC QB 446 (26 March 2001) at 11.
14:
1697:Rejman, Andrzej (26 March 2021).
1527:Selby, Alan (27 September 2020).
1478:Meikle, James (21 January 2003).
1385:discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk
1351:Gavin Strang (20 December 1991).
726:The Legal Liability of Hospitals
1890:1990 in United Kingdom case law
1452:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1358:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1128:. Scotland. 21 September 1990.
826:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
790:. 24 April 1991. Archived from
631:. Manchester University Press.
467:According to Chapter 33 of the
1631:McGoogan, Cara (19 May 2022).
1387:. 1 January 1995. JA 607/302/1
1213:Ognall, Harry (26 June 1990).
1158:Dyer, Clare (6 October 1990).
1113:– via TaintedBlood.info.
945:"Blood, HIV, and compensation"
870:. Krever Report. p. 941.
805:– via taintedblood.info.
723:Cronjé-Retief, Marésa (2021).
652:Cronjé-Retief, Marésa (2021).
1:
1353:"Infected Blood Transfusions"
1277:. Krever Report. p. 942
1064:10.1016/0140-6736(90)93260-V
1020:publications.msss.gouv.qc.ca
885:"Haemophiliacs urged to sue"
1895:Contaminated blood case law
1851:Holmes, Wes (11 May 2022).
1764:infectedbloodinquiry.org.uk
1706:infectedbloodinquiry.org.uk
1669:infectedbloodinquiry.org.uk
1563:The Times (London, England)
1921:
1831:"Chapter 8 - HIV and AIDS"
1145:The Courier and Advertiser
341:HIV Haemophilia Litigation
179:HIV Haemophilia Litigation
24:HIV Haemophilia Litigation
140:
28:
1179:10.1136/bmj.301.6755.776
1124:"Fighting for justice".
557:– via VLEX Justis.
337:Jason Evans & Others
232:public interest immunity
165:Breach of statutory duty
1167:British Medical Journal
957:10.1136/bmj.300.6717.67
949:British Medical Journal
276:Out-of-court settlement
1447:"Blood: Contamination"
850:. London. p. 47.
821:"Haemophiliacs (AIDS)"
729:. Brill. p. 149.
386:Professor Arthur Bloom
260:
1835:penroseinquiry.org.uk
1813:penroseinquiry.org.uk
469:Krever Inquiry Report
99:High Court of Justice
1535:. London. p. 28
1147:. 21 September 1990.
280:On 26 June 1990, Mr
199:Department of Health
1638:The Daily Telegraph
1215:"Haemophilia / HIV"
421:Archaic term for a
360:The Daily Telegraph
324:blood-borne viruses
310:Deed of undertaking
1573:– via Gale.
975:– via JSTOR.
378:Health Authorities
156:Contaminated blood
76:140 NLJR 1349 (CA)
1858:Blackpool Gazette
772:such undertaking.
658:. Brill Nijhoff.
517:. 27 October 2017
304:National Archives
264:Ralph Gibson L.J.
213:Principal grounds
175:
174:
62:20 September 1990
1912:
1874:
1873:
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1848:
1842:
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1597:
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1512:
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1428:
1426:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1392:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1324:"Origin of list"
1320:
1314:
1313:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1276:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1220:. Archived from
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368:Expert witnesses
357:On 19 May 2022,
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243:Canadian inquiry
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1463:Caroline Flint:
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832:the defendants.
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241:Part IV of the
228:Justice Rougier
224:
215:
171:
131:
85:
42:Court of Appeal
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1458:Jenny Willott:
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1328:dictionary.com
1315:
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1227:on 20 May 2014
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797:on 21 May 2014
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681:
664:
655:Table of Cases
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393:
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369:
366:
311:
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291:Donald Acheson
287:Kenneth Clarke
282:Justice Ognall
277:
274:
252:
223:
220:
214:
211:
195:blood products
173:
172:
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147:Blood products
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127:Sir John Megaw
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49:Full case name
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2:
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1173:(6755): 776.
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1061:
1058:(8718): 805.
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891:. 7 July 1989
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889:New Scientist
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736:9789004478152
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702:9781139448031
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665:9789004478152
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423:list of names
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374:haematologist
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188:
187:haemophiliacs
184:
180:
167:
164:
161:
158:
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143:
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139:
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128:
125:
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122:Bingham L.JJ.
120:
118:
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100:
97:
95:Appealed from
93:
88:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
69:
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61:
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54:
51:
47:
43:
40:
36:
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27:
22:
19:
1869:
1862:. Retrieved
1856:
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1834:
1825:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1790:
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1775:
1768:. Retrieved
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1738:. Retrieved
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1710:. Retrieved
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1680:
1673:. Retrieved
1668:
1659:
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1643:. Retrieved
1636:
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1614:. Retrieved
1601:
1592:
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1567:. Retrieved
1562:
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1537:. Retrieved
1532:
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1489:. Retrieved
1485:The Guardian
1483:
1473:
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1430:
1423:. Retrieved
1417:
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1363:. Retrieved
1356:
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1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1318:
1310:
1300:
1294:
1286:
1279:. Retrieved
1266:
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1247:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1222:the original
1208:
1200:
1170:
1166:
1153:
1144:
1138:
1129:
1126:The Scotsman
1125:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
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1024:. Retrieved
1019:
991:
987:
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792:the original
779:
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758:
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740:
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691:
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669:. Retrieved
654:
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570:
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551:. Retrieved
526:
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476:
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240:
236:
225:
216:
207:
178:
176:
168:Class action
117:Ralph Gibson
90:Case history
52:
18:
1131:negligence.
708:defendants.
607:10 February
326:. In 2003,
299:i newspaper
144:Haemophilia
73:41 BMLR 171
1884:Categories
1569:8 February
1539:8 February
1533:The People
1491:8 February
1466:hepatitis.
1425:5 February
1365:2 February
1333:9 February
1281:9 February
1231:3 February
1109:3 February
1051:The Lancet
1026:3 February
895:2 February
801:1 February
765:1 February
742:authority.
671:1 February
575:. London.
553:2 February
521:1 February
489:References
183:plaintiffs
159:Negligence
1815:. 12.47.
973:220202226
320:indemnity
185:, mainly
82:E N. 2111
67:Citations
1905:HIV/AIDS
1837:. 8.25.
1641:. London
1576:viruses.
1080:27983468
965:29706558
603:. London
392:See also
136:Keywords
1818:(CBLA).
1594:decade.
1197:2224262
1188:1663931
1072:1976159
59:Decided
1871:heard.
1864:2 June
1770:2 June
1740:2 June
1712:2 June
1675:2 June
1652:again.
1645:19 May
1616:2 June
1513:,
1391:3 June
1259:night.
1195:
1185:
1078:
1070:
971:
963:
921:
759:GOV.UK
733:
699:
662:
635:
578:virus.
316:waiver
1795:(PDF)
1734:(PDF)
1702:(PDF)
1610:(PDF)
1275:(PDF)
1225:(PDF)
1218:(PDF)
1163:(PDF)
1076:S2CID
1016:(PDF)
969:S2CID
961:JSTOR
868:(PDF)
795:(PDF)
788:(PDF)
515:(PDF)
409:Notes
38:Court
1866:2022
1772:2022
1742:2022
1714:2022
1677:2022
1647:2022
1618:2022
1571:2022
1565:: 21
1541:2022
1493:2022
1427:2022
1393:2022
1367:2022
1335:2022
1283:2022
1233:2022
1193:PMID
1111:2022
1085:USA.
1068:PMID
1028:2022
919:ISBN
897:2022
803:2022
767:2022
731:ISBN
697:ISBN
673:2022
660:ISBN
633:ISBN
609:2022
555:2022
523:2022
177:The
162:Tort
153:AIDS
1183:PMC
1175:doi
1171:301
1060:doi
1056:336
953:doi
248:BPL
203:MCA
191:HIV
150:HIV
1886::
1868:.
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1092:^
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1177::
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246:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
