42:
1033:
1010:
340:
II of the present
Ordinance reproduces verbatim the substantive rights provisions of the ICCPR, subject to minor changes reflecting the fact that Hong Kong is not a sovereign state. Part III of the HKBORO reproduces, albeit in slightly different language, the reservations entered by the United Kingdom in respect of Hong Kong.
339:
that the ICCPR as applied to Hong Kong shall remain in force after the changeover. The expression 'as applied to Hong Kong' was understood to include the substantive rights provisions of the ICCPR subject to the reservations entered by the United
Kingdom upon her ratification of the same. Hence, Part
326:
decided to draft a Bill of Rights for Hong Kong to incorporate into domestic law relevant rights, as applied in Hong Kong. The Bill of Rights met strong opposition from the
Chinese Government as soon as it was proposed. The Chinese Government regarded the Bill of Rights as unnecessary, detrimental to
479:
With the advent of HKBORO, the courts of Hong Kong embarked upon an era of meaningful constitutional review. In early days the Courts were concerned with whether pre-8 June 1991 legislation had been repealed by the HKBORO for inconsistency. The period from 8 June 1991 to 1 July 1997 was described as
419:
The
Chinese Government objected to the entrenched status of the HKBORO; otherwise this would be a departure from the Basic Law since no legislation in Hong Kong prior to the change of sovereignty in 1997 enjoyed a higher status than other legislation. As such, Sections 2(3), 3 and 4 were not adopted
402:
which stipulated that no law shall be made after 8 June 1991 that "restricts the rights and freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong in a manner which is inconsistent with the ICCPR as applied to Hong Kong." Any statutory provision which is inconsistent with the Bill of Rights was repealed on 8 June 1991, upon
334:
The objection of the
Chinese Government had a profound impact on both the form and the content of the Bill of Rights. In terms of its content, in order to ensure the consistency of the Bill of Rights with the Basic Law, it was decided that, instead of drafting a bill which was tailor-made for Hong
602:
challenged that the discretion of the
Commissioner of Police to object to processions for the purpose of public order was too wide and contravened art. 17 of the HKBORO, and relevant provisions in the ICCPR and the Basic Law. The Court of Final Appeal further developed the
822:"Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Concerning the Handling of the Laws Previously in Force in Hong Kong in Accordance with Article 160 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China"
321:
in the summer of 1989, the Hong Kong Bill of Rights
Ordinance was intended to restore the shattered confidence of the people of Hong Kong in their future. Amidst growing urges in society on giving effect to rights in the ICCPR in the domestic law of Hong Kong, the
439:
The Hong Kong Bill of Rights
Ordinance… in fact provides for the incorporation of the provisions of the ICCPR into the laws of Hong Kong…. by virtue of art 39(2) of the Basic Law, a restriction on either freedom cannot contravene the provisions of the
467:
described the enactment of the
Ordinance as “the first constitutional revolution” in Hong Kong. Before its enactment, human rights protection was exclusively reliant on judge-made common law principles; courts were not empowered to conduct
530:
he restriction must be rationally connected with one or more of the legitimate purposes; and (2) the means used to impair the right of peaceful assembly must be no more than is necessary to accomplish the legitimate purpose in
378:(sections 9-14): provisions of exceptions and savings, reflecting limitations to the scope of ICCPR as applied in Hong Kong with the effect of limiting the obligation of the Government to recognise certain rights and freedoms.
69:
An
Ordinance to provide for the incorporation into the law of Hong Kong of provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as applied to Hong Kong; and for ancillary and connected matters.
480:
one during which the courts of Hong Kong produced a valuable if not very large body of human rights jurisprudence and gained a useful six years of pre-handover experience of meaningful constitutional review.
492:
A right may be provided for (i) in both the Basic Law and the [Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance (Bill); or (ii) only in the Basic Law and not in the Bill; or (iii) only in the Bill but not in the Basic
592:, such as that on the licensing system which required the Police’s consent in holding processions, was repealed by the Legislative Council in 1995 according to provisions in the HKBORO.
421:
351:
to give the ICCPR an “entrenched status” in Hong Kong’s constitutional documents. After its enactment, any legislation which encroach the HKBORO would be deemed unconstitutional.
611:
The HKBORO in some circumstances also imposes an obligation for positive actions to manifest rights provided in the Ordinance through enacting laws and adopting social policies.
303:
283:
688:
394:
Section 4 provides that all legislations enacted on or after the commencement date shall be construed in such way to be consistent with the ICCPR as applied in Hong Kong.
366:(sections 1-7): provisions relating to the Ordinance's effect, remedies, and conditions under which derogations from the rights guaranteed in the Ordinance are permitted;
427:
Even so, the entrenched status of the ICCPR (and subsequently the HKBORO) in the constitutional framework of Hong Kong continue with the effect of article 39 of the
1063:
510:
Any restrictions on rights and freedoms stipulated the ICCPR (and subsequently the HKBORO) must be prescribed by law and justified, according to Chief Justice
318:
1058:
403:
the commencement of the HKBORO. This led to the amendment of some Hong Kong laws so as to bring them in conformity with the HKBORO, for example the
1037:
732:
347:
on 25 July 1990, passed by the Legislative Council in June 1991 and was enacted on 8 June 1991. Corresponding amendments were made to the
589:
404:
287:
432:
821:
344:
92:
49:
372:(section 8): The Hong Kong Bill of Rights, incorporating text of relevant rights in the ICCPR as divided into 23 Articles; and
1053:
336:
225:
195:
463:
The enactment of HKBORO in 1991 provided the foundation for constitutional guarantees of rights and freedom in Hong Kong.
643:
488:
Article 39 of the Basic Law creates a part of the post-handover tripartite framework on human rights protection, where:
307:
115:
582:
619:
enacted the Interception of Communications and Surveillance Ordinance (Cap. 589) in 2006, following the judgment in
431:, while the Basic Law itself consisted of provisions of fundamental rights and freedoms of Hong Kong residents. The
387:
Before 1997, the Ordinance overrides other Hong Kong legislations as provided by Sections 3 and 4 of the Ordinance.
1068:
633:
335:
Kong, the Bill of Rights should simply incorporate the ICCPR as applied to Hong Kong. It had been agreed in the
473:
399:
348:
565:
The HKBORO enabled Hong Kong to enter the era of judicial review of legislations. The practice of utilizing
545:
861:
638:
604:
570:
566:
549:
519:
469:
412:
391:
Section 3(2) provides that all earlier laws identified as contravening the Ordinance are to be repealed.
154:
144:
134:
616:
464:
323:
623:(2006) which called for appropriate restrictions on the government’s interception of communications.
541:
428:
328:
279:
796:
41:
275:
119:
599:
435:
has recognized that provision on rights in HKBORO continue to override contravening laws:
992:
299:
472:
of legislations for the lack of relevant provisions on human rights protection in the
314:
was stipulated in the Sino-British Joint Declaration and Article 39 of the Basic Law.
1047:
714:
712:
848:
The First Decade: The Hong Kong SAR in Retrospective and Introspective Perspectives
310:, including Hong Kong, in the same year. Continued application of the ICCPR in the
979:
One Country, Two Systems" in Crisis: Hong Kong's Transformation Since the Handover
663:
958:
Chen, Albert H.Y. (2006). "Constitutional Adjudication in Post-1997 Hong Kong".
733:"Introduction to the first issue, Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance (Cap. 383)"
615:
in achieving the rights to privacy as provided in article 14 of the HKBORO, the
420:
as part of the laws of the Hong Kong SAR in accordance with the Decision of the
1032:
60:
537:
511:
499:
446:
311:
218:
239:
82:
894:
Leung, Frankie Fook-lun (1991). "Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance".
771:
718:
17:
664:"Enactment History of Cap. 383 Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance"
569:
of legislation flourished. Constitutional review principles like
516:
Gurung Kesh Bahadur v Director of Immigration (2002) 5 HKCFAR 480
504:
Gurung Kesh Bahadur v Director of Immigration (2002) 5 HKCFAR 480
398:
The HKBORO was given an entrenched status by an amendment to the
696:
Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, HKSAR Government
327:
the maintenance of public order, and inconsistent with the
244:
230:
850:. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. p. 181.
689:"An Introduction to Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance"
359:
HKBORO contains 14 sections divided into three parts:
422:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
304:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
284:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
306:(ICCPR) on 20 May 1976. The ICCPR was extended to
238:
224:
217:
212:
194:
185:
163:
153:
143:
133:
125:
111:
106:
98:
88:
78:
48:
34:
588:Restrictions on peaceful assembly provided in the
862:"HKSAR v. Ng Kung Siu, (1999) 2 H.K.C.F.A.R. 442"
947:. Hong Kong: Sweet & Maxwell/Thomson Reuter.
932:. Hong Kong: Sweet & Maxwell/Thomson Reuter.
528:
490:
437:
993:"Leung Kwok Hung v HKSAR (2005) 8 HKCFAR 229"
943:Ramsden, Michael; Hargreaves, Stuart (2019).
928:Ramsden, Michael; Hargreaves, Stuart (2019).
915:Human Rights: Source, Content and Enforcement
200:
8:
883:. Hong Kong: Sweet and Maxwell. p. 569.
761:. Hong Kong: Sweet and Maxwell. p. 567.
668:Cap. 383 Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance
319:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
945:Hong Kong Basic Law Handbook (2nd Edition)
930:Hong Kong Basic Law Handbook (2nd Edition)
772:Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau
719:Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau
621:Koo Sze Yiu v Chief Executive of the HKSAR
554:Leung Kwok Hung v HKSAR(2005) 8 HKCFAR 229
524:Leung Kwok Hung v HKSAR(2005) 8 HKCFAR 229
209:
343:The Bill of Rights was introduced to the
585:concerning the presumption of innocence.
1038:Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance 1991
655:
312:Hong Kong Special Administration Region
232:Hēung góng yàhn kyùhn faat on tìuh laih
66:
1064:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
981:. Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 78.
182:
31:
7:
797:"Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance"
246:Hoeng gong jan kyun faat on tiu lai
960:Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal
879:Chan, Johannes; Lim, C.L. (2015).
783:
757:Chan, Johannes; Lim, C.L. (2015).
264:Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance
186:Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance
169:1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2017
35:Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance
25:
1059:National human rights instruments
881:Law of the Hong Kong Constitution
759:Law of the Hong Kong Constitution
737:Annotated Ordinances of Hong Kong
561:Notable applications and case law
1031:
93:Legislative Council of Hong Kong
50:Legislative Council of Hong Kong
40:
1011:"Koo Sze Yiu v Chief Executive"
917:. Hong Kong: Sweet and Maxwell.
577:The first Bill of Rights case,
245:
231:
383:Status in the hierarchy of law
337:Sino-British Joint Declaration
201:
1:
896:International Legal Materials
308:British Dependent Territories
644:United States Bill of Rights
581:1 HKCLR 127, decided by the
270:), often referred to as the
573:have since been developed.
1085:
846:Chen, Albert H.Y. (2007).
634:Human rights in Hong Kong
256:
208:
190:
173:
168:
55:
39:
731:Lo, P. Y. (March 2007).
548:and Non-permanent Judge
474:Hong Kong Letters Patent
400:Hong Kong Letters Patent
274:, is Chapter 383 of the
272:Hong Kong Bill of Rights
196:Traditional Chinese
913:Bokhary, Kemal (2015).
826:Hong Kong e-Legislation
801:Hong Kong e-Legislation
596:Leung Kwok Hung v HKSAR
590:Public Order Ordinance
558:
508:
456:
405:Public Order Ordinance
298:The Government of the
27:Ordinance of Hong Kong
1054:Hong Kong legislation
639:Human Rights Act 1998
567:constitutional review
470:constitutional review
433:Court of Final Appeal
424:on 23 February 1997.
617:Hong Kong Government
605:proportionality test
520:proportionality test
518:. Subsequently, the
465:Albert Chen Hung-yee
453:(1999) 2 HKCFAR 442
451:HKSAR v. Ng Kung Siu
324:Hong Kong Government
290:into Hong Kong law.
977:Wong, Y.C. (2008).
542:Patrick Chan Siu-oi
540:, Permanent Judges
345:Legislative Council
177:Current legislation
107:Legislative history
484:After the Handover
1036:The full text of
550:Sir Anthony Mason
522:was developed in
415:entrenched status
276:Laws of Hong Kong
260:
259:
252:
251:
226:Yale Romanization
181:
180:
120:David Robert Ford
16:(Redirected from
1076:
1069:Law of Hong Kong
1035:
1019:
1018:
1007:
1001:
1000:
989:
983:
982:
974:
968:
967:
955:
949:
948:
940:
934:
933:
925:
919:
918:
910:
904:
903:
891:
885:
884:
876:
870:
869:
858:
852:
851:
843:
837:
836:
834:
832:
818:
812:
811:
809:
807:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
762:
754:
748:
747:
745:
743:
728:
722:
716:
707:
706:
704:
702:
693:
685:
679:
678:
676:
674:
660:
579:R v Sin Yau Ming
556:
506:
454:
248:
247:
234:
233:
210:
204:
203:
183:
44:
32:
21:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1044:
1043:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1009:
1008:
1004:
991:
990:
986:
976:
975:
971:
957:
956:
952:
942:
941:
937:
927:
926:
922:
912:
911:
907:
893:
892:
888:
878:
877:
873:
860:
859:
855:
845:
844:
840:
830:
828:
820:
819:
815:
805:
803:
795:
794:
790:
782:
778:
770:
766:
756:
755:
751:
741:
739:
730:
729:
725:
717:
710:
700:
698:
691:
687:
686:
682:
672:
670:
662:
661:
657:
652:
630:
583:Court of Appeal
571:proportionality
563:
557:
546:Roberto Ribeiro
535:
507:
497:
486:
461:
455:
444:
417:
385:
357:
296:
116:Chief Secretary
89:Enacted by
74:
71:
65:
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1027:
1026:External links
1024:
1021:
1020:
1002:
984:
969:
950:
935:
920:
905:
886:
871:
853:
838:
813:
788:
776:
764:
749:
723:
708:
680:
654:
653:
651:
648:
647:
646:
641:
636:
629:
626:
625:
624:
609:
608:
593:
586:
562:
559:
536:Chief Justice
533:
498:Chief Justice
495:
485:
482:
460:
457:
445:Chief Justice
442:
416:
409:
396:
395:
392:
384:
381:
380:
379:
373:
367:
356:
353:
349:Letters Patent
300:United Kingdom
295:
292:
286:so that it is
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
242:
236:
235:
228:
222:
221:
219:Yue: Cantonese
215:
214:
213:Transcriptions
206:
205:
198:
192:
191:
188:
187:
179:
178:
171:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
157:
151:
150:
147:
145:Second reading
141:
140:
137:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
113:
109:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
73:
72:
68:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1081:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1040:at Wikisource
1039:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
998:
994:
988:
985:
980:
973:
970:
965:
961:
954:
951:
946:
939:
936:
931:
924:
921:
916:
909:
906:
901:
897:
890:
887:
882:
875:
872:
867:
863:
857:
854:
849:
842:
839:
827:
823:
817:
814:
802:
798:
792:
789:
785:
780:
777:
773:
768:
765:
760:
753:
750:
738:
734:
727:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
697:
690:
684:
681:
669:
665:
659:
656:
649:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
627:
622:
618:
614:
613:
612:
606:
601:
597:
594:
591:
587:
584:
580:
576:
575:
574:
572:
568:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
505:
501:
494:
489:
483:
481:
477:
475:
471:
466:
458:
452:
448:
441:
436:
434:
430:
425:
423:
414:
410:
408:
406:
401:
393:
390:
389:
388:
382:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
361:
360:
354:
352:
350:
346:
341:
338:
332:
330:
325:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
302:ratified the
301:
293:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
255:
243:
241:
237:
229:
227:
223:
220:
216:
211:
207:
199:
197:
193:
189:
184:
176:
172:
167:
162:
158:
156:
155:Third reading
152:
148:
146:
142:
138:
136:
135:First reading
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114:
112:Introduced by
110:
105:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
67:
63:
62:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1014:
1005:
996:
987:
978:
972:
963:
959:
953:
944:
938:
929:
923:
914:
908:
899:
895:
889:
880:
874:
865:
856:
847:
841:
829:. Retrieved
825:
816:
804:. Retrieved
800:
791:
779:
774:, p. 3.
767:
758:
752:
740:. Retrieved
736:
726:
721:, p. 2.
699:. Retrieved
695:
683:
671:. Retrieved
667:
658:
620:
610:
598:(2005): the
595:
578:
564:
553:
529:
523:
515:
509:
503:
491:
487:
478:
462:
459:Significance
450:
438:
426:
418:
397:
386:
375:
369:
363:
358:
342:
333:
316:
297:
288:incorporated
271:
267:
263:
261:
174:
139:25 July 1990
129:20 July 1990
59:
29:
742:11 February
159:5 June 1991
149:5 June 1991
102:7 June 1991
1048:Categories
902:(5): 1310.
831:1 February
806:1 February
701:1 February
650:References
317:After the
294:Background
280:transposed
164:Amended by
126:Introduced
61:Long title
600:Appellant
538:Andrew Li
531:question.
512:Andrew Li
500:Andrew Li
447:Andrew Li
429:Basic Law
355:Structure
329:Basic Law
99:Commenced
673:22 March
628:See also
534:—
496:—
443:—
413:handover
376:Part III
278:, which
240:Jyutping
202:香港人權法案條例
83:Cap. 383
79:Citation
784:Lo 2007
440:ICCPR”.
370:Part II
175:Status:
364:Part I
268:HKBORO
18:HKBORO
1015:HKLII
997:HKLII
866:HKLII
692:(PDF)
411:Post-
833:2022
808:2022
744:2022
703:2022
675:2018
544:and
514:in
493:Law.
282:the
262:The
118:Sir
1050::
1013:.
995:.
964:15
962:.
900:30
898:.
864:.
824:.
799:.
735:.
711:^
694:.
666:.
552:,
526::
502:,
476:.
449:,
407:.
331:.
1017:.
999:.
966:.
868:.
835:.
810:.
786:.
746:.
705:.
677:.
607:.
266:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
