54:
1640:
33:
1525:
3470:
3453:
3465:
3445:
1738:. About 15 minutes later he addressed the crew informing them of his decision to scuttle the cruiser and to prepare to abandon ship. The order to scuttle was given at 02:50 and it was impossible to rescind when the chief engineer informed him that power had been restored to one turbine and the steering gear five minutes later.
1850:
s damage was remarkably similar to that suffered on 23 July 1941 whilst under his command; that the cruiser was capable of steaming at 10–13 knots (19–24 km/h; 12–15 mph) on her port outer propeller shaft, that her main and secondary armament was largely intact, and that the initial list of
1835:
to run aground and fall into enemy hands. The initial damage control report given to him after the torpedo hit estimated three hours to get steam power restored which allowed him only a narrow window to get clear of the coast. His evidence made little mention of "Emergency
Stations" and his reasoning
1724:
by dawn (05:30) which he estimated would take about three hours of steaming. The initial damage reports included a two- to three-hour estimate of restoring steam power as the extent of the damage had not yet been fully assessed, although that was repaired much more quickly than the initial estimate.
1707:
hard to starboard. The hit killed one officer and nine ratings and knocked out electrical power to the aft end of the ship. She slowed to a stop as both starboard propeller shafts were damaged and flooding of the aft engine room disabled both inner shafts. Only the port outer shaft was operable, but
919:
arrived at
Trincomalee to prepare for a refit in Colombo. Rising tensions in Europe caused the refit to be delayed for a week and her refit was completed in early June. She began a tour of Indian Ocean ports on 6 June, supporting an aeronautical survey in Diego Garcia three days later with fuel and
1588:
in the United States for permanent repairs. This was finished on 27 February 1942, after which she returned to
Portsmouth, where final work was completed by the end of April. On her return to service she rejoined the Home Fleet at Scapa Flow on 4 May, spending most of the rest of the month working
1719:
that required all crewmen not required to operate or supply the anti-aircraft guns to proceed to their abandon ship positions. Transferring oil from the starboard fuel tanks to port and jettisoning the starboard torpedoes reduced the list to about 4.5 degrees by 02:45. Drew felt that the ship's
1383:
sailed to
Portsmouth to begin a brief refit. She arrived back in Scapa Flow on 22 August and Edward-Collins immediately returned his flag to the ship. Her stay there was brief as the squadron immediately sailed for Rosyth to resume anti-invasion duties. The squadron returned to Immingham on 3
1272:
and three destroyers. The threat of air attack and poor port facilities at Namsos caused the
Admiralty to change the destination, but the troops and most of their equipment completed unloading on the 19th. That day the Admiralty ordered most of the ships off Norway home to prepare for further
1580:
from the embarked troops. The list was corrected less than three hours after the attack and the cruiser was ordered to return to
Gibraltar, escorted by a destroyer. The two ships were unsuccessfully attacked by more Italian bombers later that day and reached their destination on the 26th.
1569:. The estimated 2,000 long tons (2,032 t) of water also caused the ship to trim down at the stern by 7 feet 6 inches (2.3 m) and filled the aft engine room which meant that only a single propeller shaft was operable. The detonation killed 3 officers and 23 ratings from
741:
was torpedoed during this convoy escort mission and while she was being repaired in the United States and
Britain, she received three more Oerlikon guns for a total of eight weapons, six of which were positioned in the superstructure, one on the roof of 'X' turret and one on the
1725:
Focused on the tactical situation, Drew was unaware that steam had been restored to the port outer turbine, the rudder unjammed and electrical power had been restored to the steering gear at about 02:02 before he decided to abandon ship 45 minutes later. Earlier, the destroyer
1815:
and all had arrived back in
Britain by 25 November. Drew was ordered to write a report on the loss of his ship five days later by the Admiralty and forwarded his report on 7 December. A week later the Admiralty ordered that a court martial be convened for the loss of
1831:, with the turret ammunition hoists disabled and little four-inch ammunition available and a high expectation of further attacks by MTBs and aircraft if still near the coast by dawn. He believed that any such successful attack would have a high chance of causing
1452:
causing splinter damage. The ship arrived at
Alexandria without further incident on 30 November. She passed through the Mediterranean at high speed without being spotted and arrived at Scapa Flow on 13 December. Holland transferred his flag to her half-sister
1435:
was reduced by their passengers, and engaged their
Italian counterparts at long range with little effect. The Italians attempted to disengage, but the British pursued until they risked leaving the convoy unprotected. The subsequent aerial attacks by the
1720:
tactical situation was dire due to the threat of other motor torpedo boats as the ship's working armament was limited to the four-inch guns and the anti-aircraft weapons. He also felt it imperative that she had to reach deep water by the island of
1851:
10–11 degrees had been considerably reduced via counter-flooding, jettisoning her torpedoes, and transfers of fuel oil. Drew was "dismissed his ship", severely reprimanded, and was prohibited from further command at sea; four other officers and a
1674:
was sunk by a German submarine, the first casualty of many suffered by the convoy. By the night of 13/14 August, Force X was passing through the mine-free channel close off the Tunisian coast. At 00:40 the convoy was attacked by a pair of German
1206:
crossing between the two cruisers on the surface; the ship attempted to ram, but only managed a glancing blow. The next morning, the ships were recalled and the cruisers arrived in Scapa Flow that evening to refuel and replenish ammunition.
1862:
produced by Crispin Sadler. They discovered that the ship was largely intact, lying on her starboard side. Two of the ship's survivors accompanied the expedition and reminisced about their experiences. Another diving expedition to view
650:
were protected by 4.5 inches (114 mm) of armour. The top of the magazines and the machinery spaces were protected by 1.25–2 inches (32–51 mm) of armour. The armour plates on the main-gun turrets had a thickness of 2–4 inches.
1742:
finally sank at 06:47. Drew ordered his crew to abandon ship at 03:45; one man drowned as he attempted to swim ashore, but the rest of his men survived. Most made it ashore, but an estimated 60 to 90 men were rescued by the destroyers
1351:. The cruisers engaged Luftwaffe aircraft when they unsuccessfully attacked the next day and then were ordered to return to Rosyth in light of the submarine threat where she began a brief refit. On 26 May, the 18th CS, consisting of
1663:
was transferred to the 10th CS in preparation for Operation Pedestal, another convoy to resupply the besieged island of Malta. She departed Greenock on 4 August, part of the escort for the aircraft carrier
1715:
to take on an 11-degree list and both the main radio room and the four-inch magazine to fill with water. At about 01:40 Drew ordered "Emergency Stations" which was a standing order when not already at
746:. Two more ex-Army Bofors guns were added amidships before the ship participated in Operation Pedestal in August 1942. When the repairs were completed in April 1942, her radar suite consisted of a
1539:
The ship joined the escort force for Convoy WS-9C bound for Gibraltar on 12 July and arrived there eight days later where she loaded troops and supplies from the convoy to be conveyed to Malta in
1670:. They joined the main body of the convoy on the 7th off the coast of Portugal. The cruiser refuelled at Gibraltar and rejoined Force X, the convoy's close escort, on 10 August. Later that day,
1127:
ordered the ships to rendezvous with the Home Fleet lest they be caught between the two groups of German ships believed to be at sea; this was accomplished early on the morning of 9 April.
3512:
437:. Beginning in April 1940 the ship played a minor role in the Norwegian Campaign, mostly escorting convoys. She was assigned to anti-invasion duties in May–November in between refits.
1565:
that struck abreast 'X' turret. It blew a 60-foot-long (18.3 m) hole in the hull, disabled both portside propeller shafts, and allowed heavy flooding that caused a 12.5-degree
3507:
1801:
2572:
1759:
met up the rest of the 10th CS. Two other men were rescued by an Italian MTB, but they were ultimately turned over to the French and joined the rest of the crew in the
2759:
1601:
visited the ship during his visit to Scapa. The cruiser spent most of the next two weeks exercising with the other ships of the Home Fleet. On 19 June, Vice-Admiral
1858:
A diving expedition visited the wreck at a depth of about 80 m (260 ft) in 2002 and footage taken by the divers was used in a TV documentary entitled
1827:
Drew's written evidence focused on the tactical situation in which he found himself: adrift in a narrow passage between the coast of Tunisia and an off-shore
1779:
2930:
3517:
482:
by her crew. Casualties were limited to 10 men killed by the torpedo and 1 who drowned as the crew abandoned ship. Most of the crew were interned by the
1771:
The Admiralty convened a Board of Enquiry on 16 September to establish the facts of the cruiser's loss using testimony provided by available witnesses.
2728:
1731:
had stopped to render assistance at 01:54 and Drew had transferred 172 wounded and superfluous crewmen before she had to depart to rejoin the convoy.
1326:. The sisters returned to Scapa Flow on 28 April to refuel. Three days later they arrived at Ă…ndalsnes to evacuate the remaining troops still ashore.
3160:
1703:, which each fired one torpedo, one of which struck the cruiser in the aft engine room, despite her efforts to evade the torpedoes, and jamming her
762:
758:
723:
701:
1643:
Operation Pedestal, 11 August: A general view of the convoy under air attack showing the intense anti-aircraft barrage put up by the escorts. The
1240:
1288:
was ordered back to the Namsos area to escort Convoy FP-1 back to Britain. On 22 April she returned to Rosyth to begin loading about half of the
3497:
1734:
About 02:30 Drew inquired about the necessary preparations for scuttling by her own crew with explosive charges during a conversation with his
1289:
730:
during this refit. Additional splinter plating to protect the secondary armament and torpedo tubes was probably added at this time, as was an
2565:
2471:
2411:
2389:
2329:
2306:
2287:
2268:
1775:
3128:
860:. They spent the next month making port visits on the western coast of British India before returning to Ceylon for a maintenance period in
3473:
3469:
2752:
1063:. She remained on this duty until early April, although the cruiser was in Scapa Flow when it was attacked by German aircraft on 16 March.
546:
1042:
737:
Two additional ex-Army Bofors guns reinforced the ship's anti-aircraft suite before she participated in Operation Substance in June 1941.
434:
3492:
577:
achieved an average speed of 32.6 knots (60.4 km/h; 37.5 mph) from 84,461 shp (62,983 kW). The ships carried enough
2228:
1449:
1147:
3171:
2774:
2493:
2452:
2430:
2370:
2348:
1160:, Norway, later that morning. That afternoon the RAF reported two cruisers in Bergen and the Admiralty cancelled the operation. The
797:
2942:
2558:
1794:
857:
461:
1797:. Pound further believed that this disqualified Drew from ever again commanding a ship unless further inquiry proved otherwise.
3464:
3460:
2869:
2745:
993:
715:
956:
later that month to practice convoy escort tactics in light of the potential threat posed by Italian colonies on the Red Sea.
697:
517:
group of ships were a little larger than the earlier ships of the class and received additional armour. They displaced 9,400
1474:
rejoined the 18th CS at Scapa Flow the following day and spent the rest of the month working up. On 18 May the cruiser and
2862:
2705:
2521:
1243:
should arrive offshore at dusk on the 15th to reinforce the initial landing force. Layton chose to escort the troopships
3177:
3083:
2784:
1688:
1510:
801:
593:
585:(11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph). The ship's complement was 800–815 officers and
510:
289:
1798:
1391:
On 15 November the ship departed Scapa Flow to rendezvous with a convoy that conveying RAF personnel and equipment to
781:
1217:
assumed command and the ship departed Scapa to rendezvous with the escort for Convoy NP-1 which was loaded with two
608:. The turrets were designated 'A', 'B', 'X' and 'Y' from front to rear. Their secondary armament consisted of eight
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3144:
3138:
1491:
1424:
609:
441:
295:
1821:
3154:
2952:
2581:
1772:
1420:
1084:
The 18th CS was relieved of its attachment to the Northern Patrol and was assigned to escort convoys to and from
1008:
793:
395:
145:
1543:. The convoy came together on 23 July and the Italians determined that it was bound for Malta. The ships of the
3233:
3193:
3187:
1496:
as they were repositioned north of Iceland in case the German ships attempted to return to Germany through the
1372:
1119:, the convoy was ordered to turn back and the two light cruisers were to rendezvous with the Home Fleet in the
3322:
2985:
2795:
2259:
1883:
Kemp reports 132 killed or missing and 568 survivors (rescued either by Allied forces or Vichy authorities).
1487:
1214:
1019:
661:
628:
624:
554:
323:
313:
220:
1597:
operation in the Denmark Strait on 29 May–1 June before returning to Scapa on 4 June. Two days later, King
1448:
fired 912 shells from her main guns without making a single hit. But she was hit by the Italian battleship
3375:
3302:
3270:
3249:
3107:
3101:
3077:
2875:
2852:
2846:
2823:
2800:
1585:
1330:
was slightly damaged by splinters from near misses made by the Luftwaffe that were otherwise ineffectual.
1143:
1054:
616:
304:
509:
cruisers built during the early 1930s and the last batch of three ships was enlarged to accommodate more
3094:
2936:
2913:
1099:
1015:
1004:
719:
440:
In November the cruiser was tasked to escort a convoy through the Mediterranean and participated in the
1639:
2626:
2605:
2464:
British Town Class Cruisers: Design, Development & Performance; Southampton & Belfast Classes
1787:
1760:
1726:
1602:
1259:
1211:
1093:
892:
809:
647:
503:
3502:
3425:
3353:
3203:
3022:
2991:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2816:
2737:
2661:
2647:
2612:
2598:
2358:
1808:
1540:
1412:
1198:
to observe German forces in Bergen and prevent any resupply. The only incident that night was when
1131:
980:
951:
928:
873:
766:
750:
658:
615:
in twin mounts. Their light anti-aircraft armament consisted of a pair of quadruple mounts for the
526:
410:
169:
3407:
3054:
2906:
2714:
2689:
2481:
1793:
reviewed the board's findings and believed that Drew's actions showed a lack of determination to
1692:
1634:
1521:, Iceland, to patrol the Denmark Strait for the rest of the month, returning to Scapa on 3 July.
1454:
1375:
on 15 June and the ships returned to Immingham on 1 July. Edward-Collins transferred his flag to
1169:
1165:
1102:
1079:
979:, she sailed for Colombo after refuelling. On 25 September, the ship rendezvoused with the sloop
805:
655:
491:
475:
471:
460:
en route. Repairs were not completed until April 1942 and the ship spent the next several months
366:
1123:. Their orders were later modified to patrol the southern part of the sea. Late on the 8th, the
3216:
3210:
3117:
3061:
2619:
2509:
2489:
2467:
2448:
2426:
2407:
2385:
2366:
2344:
2325:
2302:
2283:
2264:
1566:
1439:
1232:
1137:
1124:
1085:
934:
895:
727:
665:
620:
380:
2236:
1513:. The ships returned to Scapa Flow on 3 June and Packer was relieved by Captain Harold Drew.
780:, the first ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy, was ordered on 23 October 1935 from
3396:
3243:
3223:
2958:
2810:
2440:
1750:
1744:
1665:
1577:
1396:
1385:
1173:
1058:
880:
877:
835:
612:
32:
3067:
2969:
2924:
2839:
1716:
1679:, but they were driven off, with one boat damaged by British fire. About 20 minutes later
1647:
1367:
for anti-invasion duties. They returned to Rosyth on 10 June after the vulnerabilities of
1342:
1267:
1112:
1046:
1038:
1011:
945:
912:
677:
538:
448:
was refitting during most of early 1941, but began patrolling the southern reaches of the
80:
1407:
loaded roughly 1,400 men and many tons of supplies and departed on the 25th, escorted by
1551:(Royal Italian Navy) were not prepared to attack so that was left to the bombers of the
3312:
3038:
3005:
2254:
1783:
1735:
1562:
1524:
1497:
1229:
924:
on 20 June. The ship began moving up the African coast until she rendezvoused with her
901:
853:
820:
754:
747:
605:
534:
457:
118:
59:
20:
1423:. The Italians spotted the convoy and attempted to intercept it on 27 November in the
3486:
3332:
2318:
1852:
1501:
1483:
1297:
1120:
1003:
to escort her to Colombo. The cruiser was ordered home on 10 November and arrived at
938:
886:
865:
845:
832:
700:
fitted. During a brief refit in November 1940, the ship was probably equipped with a
673:
582:
550:
487:
453:
430:
398:
267:
244:
148:
2260:
Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy
1843:
After the modern Royal Navy's longest-ever court martial, the court determined that
676:, but only two were ever carried in service. A pair of 15,000-pound (6,800 kg)
486:
when they drifted ashore. After their return in November, the ship's leadership was
3342:
3011:
2975:
1790:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1546:
1000:
972:
968:
942:
704:
586:
542:
483:
449:
422:
414:
326:
1303:
2299:
The Gathering Storm: The Naval War in Northern Europe September 1939 – April 1940
1384:
September as fears of invasion rose. Edward-Collins was relieved by Vice-Admiral
1022:
on the 25th and was docked to have storm damage and some other defects repaired.
714:
s hull was reinforced and her Vickers machine guns were exchanged for an ex-Army
3044:
2682:
1812:
1610:
1444:(Royal Italian Airforce) failed to damage any British ships. During the battle,
990:
925:
849:
813:
743:
643:
601:
566:
369:
346:
317:
255:
3418:
1644:
1594:
1392:
1319:
1248:
1050:
1030:
1026:
908:
693:
635:
597:
558:
402:
352:
340:
226:
2536:
2523:
1755:
when they were dispatched at 07:13 to render assistance to the cruiser after
494:
and four other officers were convicted for prematurely scuttling their ship.
2833:
1828:
1598:
1584:
Temporary repairs took until 15 September when the ship then sailed for the
1518:
1368:
1323:
1203:
1195:
1161:
1116:
1108:
869:
785:
632:
570:
530:
176:
2445:
Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two
1314:
disembarked her passengers at the latter town on the 25th and then joined
1070:
s gunners were unprepared for the attack and her shells were ineffectual.
726:
gunnery radar was installed on the roof of the main armament DCT atop the
3385:
3291:
3280:
3027:
1504:
1427:. The British concentrated their cruisers, even though the efficiency of
1416:
1278:
1218:
921:
578:
562:
518:
479:
230:
161:
129:
1164:
had been tracking the squadron as it approached Bergen and bombers from
1111:
were escorting the 43 ships of Convoy ON-25 bound for Norway. After the
868:
were visited in February–March 1939, before the two cruisers arrived in
502:
The Town-class light cruisers were designed as counters to the Japanese
3364:
1684:
1479:
1408:
1221:
1153:
861:
789:
270:(11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
84:
2550:
2447:(Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
545:
of 20 feet 7 inches (6.3 m). They were powered by four
474:, another Malta convoy, in mid-1942; she was torpedoed by two Italian
1721:
1704:
1676:
1609:. On 30 June–2 July, the ship ferried supplies and reinforcements to
1460:
1364:
1348:
1274:
1236:
1225:
1157:
841:
808:
on 4 August 1938 and departed for her first duty assignment with the
669:
418:
307:
298:
989:
escorted an Anglo-French convoy there before rendezvousing with the
761:
surface-search radar to replace the Type 286 and probably a pair of
1053:
material. On 21 February 1940 the ship helped to capture the 4,709-
1638:
1617:. Immediately thereafter, she helped to provide distant cover for
1523:
1307:
824:
731:
522:
165:
2341:
The Admiralty Regrets: British Warship Losses of the 20th Century
409:
subclass. Completed in 1938, she was initially deployed with the
2741:
2554:
2083:
Haarr 2009, pp. 108–109, 112–113; Osborne, p. 17; Rohwer, p. 20
1621:
for the next two days. Upon her return to Scapa, she became a
425:
until she was ordered home two months later. In late December
190:
1708:
its turbine had temporarily lost steam due to the explosion.
1347:
which was being towed home after having been torpedoed by an
2164:
Osbourne, pp. 81–82, 84, 88–89, 100, 105–106; Waters, p. 212
1172:
began attacking shortly afterwards. They sank the destroyer
985:
to help escort an Indian troop convoy through the Red Sea.
1025:
Her refit was completed on 22 December and she joined the
553:
sets, each driving one shaft using steam provided by four
1235:
decided to take advantage of the unopposed occupation of
941:
on 14 July. The sisters sailed to Aden when they met the
680:
were fitted to handle the aircraft and the ships' boats.
2486:
Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia
2401:
The Watery Grave: The Life and Death of the Cruiser HMS
2119:
Greene & Massignani, pp. 118–122; Osborne, pp. 30–32
1459:
on 8 January 1941. The cruiser began a lengthy refit at
920:
supplies before arriving in the British Protectorate of
856:
by the end of the month where they spent the next month
2047:
Haarr 2013, p. 308; McCart, pp. 183, 185; Rohwer, p. 15
967:
had just returned from a patrol in the Red Sea and the
840:, the station flagship, and the two ships proceeded to
627:. The ships carried two above-water, triple mounts for
1341:
were ordered to sea to protect the crippled destroyer
692:
returned home in November 1939, she was refitted with
2363:
British & Empire Warships of the Second World War
417:
began in September 1939, the cruiser began escorting
1605:, commander of the 18th CS, hoisted his flag aboard
3261:
2773:
2672:
2637:
2588:
1840:before ascertaining the full extent of the damage.
1399:. After their arrival in Gibraltar on 21 November,
1371:were realised. Layton was relieved by Vice-Admiral
413:and had a relatively short but active career. When
2317:
2278:Greene, Jack & Massignani, Alessandro (2011).
1535:s flight deck, after being rescued from below deck
565:) and were designed to give a maximum speed of 32
753:, the Type 284 system for her main armament, two
537:of 591 feet 6 inches (180.3 m), a
3513:World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
2768:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in August 1942
541:of 62 feet 4 inches (19 m) and a
876:on 13 March. They conducted exercises with the
707:. During a longer refit in January–March 1941,
625:0.5-inch (12.7 mm) Vickers AA machine guns
2425:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2365:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2324:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2301:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2282:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2092:Haarr 2009, pp. 87–89, 166; Osborne, pp. 17–18
1804:concurred with Pound's comments on 9 October.
696:equipment and probably had her aft high-angle
2753:
2566:
2263:(Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing.
1984:Osborne, pp. 23, 30; Waters, pp. 129, 151–152
1552:
1544:
1437:
1194:and the 6th Destroyer Flotilla patrolled off
452:in May. The cruiser was detached to escort a
405:in the late 1930s, one of three ships in the
8:
2280:The Naval War in the Mediterranean 1940–1943
1780:Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Foreign)
3508:World War II cruisers of the United Kingdom
2137:Osborne, pp. 47–49, 61; Waters, pp. 208–210
1836:behind evacuating unwounded crewmen aboard
654:The cruisers were designed to handle three
557:. The turbines developed a total of 82,500
2760:
2746:
2738:
2573:
2559:
2551:
1463:on 11 January that lasted until 17 April.
2729:List of cruiser classes of the Royal Navy
2320:The German Invasion of Norway, April 1940
2209:Osborne, pp. xvii, 165, 167, 170–172, 178
757:gunnery radars for the four-inch guns, a
617:two-pounder (40-millimetre (1.6 in))
2421:Raven, Alan & Roberts, John (1980).
2065:Haarr 2013, pp. 413, 427; Osborne, p. 16
1146:, the 18th CS was ordered to attack the
569:(59 km/h; 37 mph). During her
529:and 11,650 long tons (11,837 t) at
456:in July and she was badly damaged by an
19:For other ships with the same name, see
2155:McCart, pp. 196–199; Osborne, pp. 73–75
2101:McCart, pp. 186–187; Osborne, pp. 19–23
2074:Haarr 2009, pp. 284–288; Osborne, p. 16
1896:
1876:
1557:. During the first attack that morning
594:BL six-inch (152 mm) Mk XXIII guns
2146:McCart, pp. 193–195; Osborne, p. 62–63
1528:Two men stained with fuel oil onboard
1411:. They were to be met by ships of the
1041:, where she was tasked to enforce the
189:591 ft 6 in (180.3 m) (
27:
2466:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
2406:. Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword Books.
1962:
1960:
1807:The interned crew was released after
1273:operations so the cruiser headed for
1014:hoisted his flag as commander of the
50:
7:
1941:
1939:
1920:
1918:
1625:when Bonham Carter struck his flag.
1486:gap, but they played no part in the
1419:, Italy, the whole affair codenamed
720:20-millimetre (0.8 in) Oerlikon
592:The Town-class ships mounted twelve
1115:(RAF) reported German ships in the
975:on 3 September 1939. Together with
2011:McCart, pp. 178–179; Osborne, p. 7
1033:two days later. Later that month,
792:shipyard on 28 March 1936 and was
175:11,650 long tons (11,837 t) (
137:General characteristics (as built)
14:
3518:Maritime incidents in August 1942
2423:British Cruisers of World War Two
1318:to cover three destroyers laying
1239:on the 14th and ordered that the
765:gunnery radars for the "pom-pom"
631:. The Towns lacked a full-length
610:QF four-inch (102 mm) Mk XVI
209:20 ft 7 in (6.3 m)
3468:
3463:
3451:
3443:
2384:. Liskeard, UK: Maritime Books.
1912:Raven & Roberts, pp. 172–175
796:on 12 April 1937 by the wife of
718:AA gun atop 'B' turret and five
429:began conducting patrols in the
349:: 1.25–2 in (32–51 mm)
305:2 pdr (40 mm (1.6 in))
201:62 ft 4 in (19 m)
52:
31:
2235:. November 2009. Archived from
1057: (GRT) German merchantman
933:, the new station flagship, at
629:21-inch (533 mm) torpedoes
258:(59.3 km/h; 36.8 mph)
1993:Waters, pp. 120, 125, 131, 152
1824:and it began on 2 March 1943.
819:After arriving in the British
604:pair each fore and aft of the
581:to give them a range of 6,000
355:: 2–4 in (51–102 mm)
1:
3498:Ships built on the River Tyne
2399:Osbourne, Richard H. (2015).
971:when Britain declared war on
864:'s dockyard. Ports along the
623:and two quadruple mounts for
2218:Osborne, pp. xvii–xviii, 1–3
1822:Naval Discipline Act of 1866
1711:The flooding quickly caused
1576:s crew and 5 officers and 7
1266:, the anti-aircraft cruiser
1142:and seven destroyers of the
1130:Reinforced by their sisters
904:for the next several weeks.
698:director-control tower (DCT)
638:, although the sides of the
573:on 28 March – 7 April 1938,
290:6 in (152 mm) guns
1966:Raven & Roberts, p. 418
1799:First Lord of the Admiralty
1478:were ordered to patrol the
782:Hawthorn Leslie and Company
343:: 4.5 in (114 mm)
3534:
3493:Town-class cruisers (1936)
1632:
1425:Battle of Cape Spartivento
1077:
1018:(CS). The ship arrived in
668:and the others in the two
442:Battle of Cape Spartivento
314:0.5 in (12.7 mm)
18:
3438:
2726:
2700:
1363:, was transferred to the
900:off the eastern coast of
136:
45:
30:
2316:Haarr, Geirr H. (2009).
2297:Haarr, Geirr H. (2013).
1867:was undertaken in 2009.
1820:under Article 92 of the
1373:Frederick Edward-Collins
1178:and near misses damaged
1007:eight days later, where
802:Lord Mayor of Manchester
555:Admiralty 3-drum boilers
513:and thicker armour. The
324:21 in (533 mm)
221:Admiralty 3-drum boilers
16:Gloucester-class cruiser
2462:Waters, Conrad (2019).
2257:; Warlow, Ben (2006) .
1045:, searching for German
1020:HM Dockyard, Portsmouth
773:Construction and career
664:, one on the fixed D1H
662:reconnaissance aircraft
644:boiler and engine rooms
621:anti-aircraft (AA) guns
464:and escorting convoys.
296:4 in (102 mm)
243:4 Ă— shafts; 4 Ă— geared
2343:. Stroud, UK: Sutton.
1657:
1586:Philadelphia Navy Yard
1561:was hit by an Italian
1553:
1545:
1536:
1438:
1379:on 4 July after which
1296:and the heavy cruiser
1241:146th Infantry Brigade
1144:4th Destroyer Flotilla
915:en route on 28 March,
533:. The cruisers had an
511:fire-control equipment
498:Design and description
2537:36.83333°N 11.16667°E
2380:McCart, Neil (2012).
2191:Osborne, pp. 110, 112
2173:Osborne, pp. 103, 167
1687:by a pair of Italian
1642:
1527:
1290:15th Infantry Brigade
1100:anti-aircraft cruiser
1016:18th Cruiser Squadron
646:and the sides of the
2515:at naval-history.net
2239:on 15 December 2009.
2200:Osborne, pp. 113–119
2182:Osborne, pp. 104–109
1860:Running the Gauntlet
1855:were also punished.
1761:Laghouat prison camp
1603:Stuart Bonham Carter
1517:sailed on 9 June to
1245:Empress of Australia
1037:was attached to the
996:Empress of Australia
893:submarine depot ship
885:, the heavy cruiser
810:4th Cruiser Squadron
716:40-millimeter Bofors
672:abreast the forward
2582:Town-class cruisers
2533: /
2488:. London: Cassell.
2382:Town Class Cruisers
2339:Kemp, Paul (1999).
1924:Waters, pp. 103–104
1809:French North Africa
1652:is on the left and
1541:Operation Substance
1413:Mediterranean Fleet
1302:, to be ferried to
1043:blockade of Germany
874:Straits Settlements
751:early-warning radar
476:motor torpedo boats
435:blockade of Germany
411:East Indies Station
376:Aviation facilities
2932:Fukuei Maru No. 15
2542:36.83333; 11.16667
2128:Osborne, pp. 32–35
1683:was attacked near
1658:
1635:Operation Pedestal
1629:Operation Pedestal
1537:
1258:, her half-sister
1156:believed to be in
1092:, her half-sister
1080:Norwegian campaign
1074:Norwegian campaign
1055:gross register ton
656:Supermarine Walrus
472:Operation Pedestal
367:Supermarine Walrus
3480:
3479:
2865:George F. Elliott
2735:
2734:
2473:978-1-5267-1885-3
2413:978-1-47384-585-5
2391:978-1-904-45952-1
2331:978-1-59114-310-9
2308:978-1-59114-331-4
2289:978-1-59114-561-5
2270:978-1-86176-281-8
2038:Osborne, pp. 9–10
1975:Waters, pp. 96–97
1554:Regia Aeronautica
1440:Regia Aeronautica
1233:Winston Churchill
960:Early war service
935:Kilindini Harbour
827:, on 12 October,
816:on 24 September.
613:dual-purpose guns
478:and subsequently
386:
385:
3525:
3472:
3467:
3455:
3447:
3431:
3413:
3402:
3391:
3380:
3370:
3359:
3348:
3337:
3327:
3317:
3307:
3297:
3286:
3275:
3254:
3238:
3228:
3198:
3182:
3166:
3163:R. Walther Darré
3149:
3133:
3123:
3112:
3089:
3072:
3049:
3033:
3016:
2980:
2964:
2947:
2919:
2880:
2857:
2828:
2805:
2789:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2739:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2499:
2477:
2458:
2436:
2417:
2395:
2376:
2354:
2335:
2323:
2312:
2293:
2274:
2241:
2240:
2229:"Sleeping giant"
2225:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2110:Stern, 2015,p.63
2108:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2029:Osborne, pp. 8–9
2027:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2002:Colledge, p. 214
2000:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1884:
1881:
1849:
1776:Bernard Rawlings
1656:is on the right.
1575:
1556:
1550:
1534:
1443:
1421:Operation Collar
1388:on 12 November.
1386:Lancelot Holland
1292:, together with
1284:Later that day,
1069:
1047:blockade runners
878:aircraft carrier
713:
559:shaft horsepower
488:court martialled
470:participated in
362:Aircraft carried
132:, 13 August 1942
62:
57:
56:
55:
35:
28:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3459:
3434:
3416:
3405:
3394:
3383:
3373:
3362:
3351:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3310:
3300:
3289:
3278:
3268:
3262:Other incidents
3257:
3241:
3231:
3201:
3185:
3169:
3156:Clan Macwhirter
3152:
3136:
3126:
3115:
3092:
3075:
3052:
3036:
3023:Empire Corporal
3019:
2983:
2967:
2950:
2922:
2883:
2860:
2831:
2808:
2792:
2782:
2769:
2766:
2736:
2731:
2722:
2696:
2668:
2633:
2584:
2579:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2506:
2496:
2480:
2474:
2461:
2455:
2439:
2433:
2420:
2414:
2398:
2392:
2379:
2373:
2357:
2351:
2338:
2332:
2315:
2309:
2296:
2290:
2277:
2271:
2255:Colledge, J. J.
2253:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1933:Whitley, p. 104
1932:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1847:
1802:A. V. Alexander
1769:
1717:action stations
1637:
1631:
1573:
1532:
1469:
1450:Vittorio Veneto
1113:Royal Air Force
1082:
1076:
1067:
1039:Northern Patrol
1012:Geoffrey Layton
962:
913:Andaman Islands
872:in the British
831:was met by the
784:. The ship was
775:
711:
686:
596:in four triple-
500:
454:convoy to Malta
214:Installed power
81:Hawthorn Leslie
58:
53:
51:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3531:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3485:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3474:September 1942
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3414:
3403:
3392:
3381:
3371:
3360:
3349:
3338:
3328:
3318:
3308:
3298:
3287:
3276:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3242:Unknown date:
3239:
3229:
3212:Star of Oregon
3199:
3183:
3167:
3150:
3134:
3124:
3113:
3090:
3073:
3063:British Consul
3050:
3034:
3017:
2981:
2965:
2948:
2920:
2881:
2858:
2829:
2806:
2790:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2713:Succeeded by:
2711:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2677:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2644:
2642:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2595:
2593:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2517:
2516:
2505:
2504:External links
2502:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2482:Whitley, M. J.
2478:
2472:
2459:
2453:
2441:Rohwer, JĂĽrgen
2437:
2431:
2418:
2412:
2396:
2390:
2377:
2371:
2355:
2349:
2336:
2330:
2313:
2307:
2294:
2288:
2275:
2269:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2233:Diver Magazine
2220:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2056:Osborne, p. 14
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1956:
1947:
1935:
1926:
1914:
1905:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1795:fight his ship
1784:First Sea Lord
1768:
1765:
1736:chief engineer
1633:Main article:
1630:
1627:
1613:Island in the
1563:aerial torpedo
1511:sunk on 24 May
1498:Denmark Strait
1468:
1465:
1230:Prime Minister
1215:Herbert Packer
1078:Main article:
1075:
1072:
961:
958:
854:British Ceylon
848:, and then to
821:Colony of Aden
774:
771:
734:sonar system.
685:
682:
606:superstructure
583:nautical miles
535:overall length
499:
496:
458:aerial torpedo
433:enforcing the
401:built for the
384:
383:
377:
373:
372:
363:
359:
358:
357:
356:
350:
344:
341:Waterline belt
336:
332:
331:
330:
329:
320:
312:2 Ă— quadruple
310:
303:2 Ă— quadruple
301:
292:
284:
280:
279:
276:
272:
271:
264:
260:
259:
252:
248:
247:
245:steam turbines
241:
237:
236:
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203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
187:
183:
182:
181:
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173:
156:
152:
151:
143:
142:Class and type
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138:
134:
133:
127:
123:
122:
119:Pennant number
116:
115:Identification
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:United Kingdom
48:
47:
43:
42:
36:
21:HMS Manchester
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3530:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3245:Empire Breeze
3240:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:West Lashaway
3221:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3140:A. Sibiryakov
3135:
3132:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2987:Almeria Lykes
2982:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2812:Empire Arnold
2807:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2751:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:Preceded by:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2495:1-86019-874-0
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2454:1-59114-119-2
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2432:0-87021-922-7
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2372:1-55750-048-7
2368:
2364:
2360:
2359:Lenton, H. T.
2356:
2352:
2350:0-75091-567-6
2346:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2020:Osborne, p. 8
2017:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1954:Waters, p. 61
1951:
1948:
1945:Lenton, p. 63
1942:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1890:
1880:
1877:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1853:petty officer
1846:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1502:battlecruiser
1499:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1484:Faroe Islands
1481:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1210:On 12 April,
1208:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1186:. That night
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:Norwegian Sea
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1088:. On 7 April
1087:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
988:
984:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
957:
955:
954:
949:
948:
944:
940:
939:British Kenya
936:
932:
931:
927:
923:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
898:
894:
890:
889:
884:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
866:Bay of Bengal
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
846:British India
843:
839:
838:
834:
833:heavy cruiser
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
772:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
749:
745:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
710:
706:
703:
699:
695:
691:
684:Modifications
683:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
660:
657:
652:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
561:(61,500
560:
556:
552:
551:steam turbine
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:standard load
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
506:
497:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
431:Norwegian Sea
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:light cruiser
397:
393:
392:
382:
378:
375:
374:
371:
368:
364:
361:
360:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
338:
337:
334:
333:
328:
327:torpedo tubes
325:
321:
319:
315:
311:
309:
306:
302:
300:
297:
293:
291:
287:
286:
285:
282:
281:
277:
274:
273:
269:
265:
262:
261:
257:
253:
250:
249:
246:
242:
239:
238:
232:
229:(61,500
228:
224:
222:
218:
217:
216:
213:
212:
208:
205:
204:
200:
197:
196:
192:
188:
185:
184:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:light cruiser
147:
144:
141:
140:
135:
131:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:4 August 1938
109:
106:
105:
102:12 April 1937
101:
98:
97:
94:28 March 1936
93:
90:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
61:
49:
44:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3427:
3420:
3409:
3398:
3387:
3376:
3366:
3355:
3344:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3293:
3282:
3271:
3250:
3244:
3234:
3224:
3218:
3211:
3205:
3194:
3188:
3178:
3172:
3162:
3155:
3145:
3139:
3129:
3119:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3085:
3078:
3069:Empire Cloud
3068:
3062:
3056:
3045:
3039:
3029:
3021:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2986:
2976:
2970:
2960:
2953:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2926:Empire Birch
2925:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2834:
2824:
2818:
2811:
2801:
2794:
2785:
2715:
2706:
2690:
2683:
2673:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2638:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2589:
2518:
2511:
2485:
2463:
2444:
2422:
2404:
2400:
2381:
2362:
2340:
2319:
2298:
2279:
2258:
2237:the original
2232:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1950:
1929:
1908:
1903:Kemp, p. 151
1899:
1879:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1817:
1806:
1791:Dudley Pound
1773:Rear-Admiral
1770:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1712:
1710:
1700:
1696:
1680:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1653:
1648:
1623:private ship
1619:Convoy PQ 17
1615:Arctic Ocean
1606:
1590:
1583:
1570:
1558:
1547:Regia Marina
1538:
1529:
1514:
1505:
1492:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1455:
1445:
1432:
1428:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1376:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1315:
1311:
1298:
1293:
1285:
1283:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1209:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1148:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1103:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1064:
1059:
1034:
1024:
1009:Vice-Admiral
1001:Gulf of Suez
995:
986:
981:
976:
973:Nazi Germany
969:Gulf of Aden
964:
963:
952:
946:
929:
916:
906:
896:
887:
881:
836:
828:
818:
806:commissioned
798:Joseph Toole
777:
776:
738:
736:
708:
705:search radar
689:
687:
653:
639:
619:("pom-pom")
591:
574:
521:(9,551
514:
504:
501:
484:Vichy French
467:
466:
450:Arctic Ocean
445:
439:
426:
423:Indian Ocean
415:World War II
406:
390:
388:
387:
370:flying boats
318:machine guns
225:82,500
164:(9,551
155:Displacement
107:Commissioned
70:
37:
25:
3040:Empire Bede
3007:Santa Elisa
2607:Southampton
2590:Southampton
2540: /
1813:Free France
1611:Spitzbergen
1578:other ranks
1433:Southampton
1405:Southampton
1264: (C19)
1192:Southampton
1180:Southampton
1095:Southampton
991:ocean liner
926:sister ship
850:Trincomalee
814:East Indies
744:quarterdeck
722:AA guns. A
636:armour belt
602:superfiring
598:gun turrets
353:Gun turrets
322:2 Ă— triple
288:4 Ă— triple
266:6,000
3503:1937 ships
3487:Categories
3334:Nino Bixio
3001:Manchester
2893:HMAS
2786:Empire Imp
2775:Shipwrecks
2663:Gloucester
2656:Manchester
2639:Gloucester
2628:Birmingham
2512:Manchester
2403:Manchester
2248:References
1865:Manchester
1845:Manchester
1838:Pathfinder
1833:Manchester
1818:Manchester
1782:, and the
1757:Pathfinder
1740:Manchester
1728:Pathfinder
1713:Manchester
1681:Manchester
1661:Manchester
1654:Manchester
1645:battleship
1607:Manchester
1595:minelaying
1593:covered a
1591:Manchester
1571:Manchester
1559:Manchester
1530:Manchester
1515:Manchester
1500:after the
1476:Birmingham
1472:Manchester
1446:Manchester
1429:Manchester
1401:Manchester
1393:Alexandria
1381:Manchester
1377:Birmingham
1357:Birmingham
1353:Manchester
1335:Manchester
1333:On 10 May
1328:Manchester
1316:Birmingham
1312:Manchester
1294:Birmingham
1286:Manchester
1262:Birmingham
1256:Manchester
1228:, Norway.
1224:bound for
1202:spotted a
1200:Manchester
1188:Manchester
1149:Königsberg
1109:destroyers
1090:Manchester
1065:Manchester
1051:contraband
1035:Manchester
1031:Scapa Flow
1027:Home Fleet
987:Manchester
977:Gloucester
965:Manchester
930:Gloucester
917:Manchester
909:Port Blair
858:working up
829:Manchester
804:. She was
778:Manchester
739:Manchester
709:Manchester
694:degaussing
690:Manchester
659:amphibious
640:Gloucester
575:Manchester
571:sea trials
515:Gloucester
468:Manchester
462:working up
446:Manchester
427:Manchester
407:Gloucester
403:Royal Navy
396:Town-class
391:Manchester
275:Complement
240:Propulsion
146:Town-class
71:Manchester
38:Manchester
3461:July 1942
3428:Vivacious
3426:HMS
3419:HMS
3408:USS
3397:HMS
3386:USS
3365:USS
3354:USS
3343:HMS
3292:USS
3281:USS
3204:USS
3118:USS
3095:USS
3055:HMS
3028:USS
3013:Waimarama
2999:HMS
2994:Foresight
2992:HMS
2977:Deucalion
2959:HMS
2916:Vincennes
2914:USS
2907:USS
2900:USS
2886:USS
2863:USS
2840:HMS
2817:USS
2796:Dureenbee
2691:Edinburgh
2674:Edinburgh
2649:Liverpool
2614:Sheffield
2600:Newcastle
2528:11°10′0″E
2525:36°50′0″N
1891:Citations
1829:minefield
1767:Aftermath
1599:George VI
1519:Hvalfjord
1456:Edinburgh
1415:south of
1369:Immingham
1361:Sheffield
1339:Sheffield
1324:Trondheim
1304:Ă…ndalsnes
1260:HMS
1204:submarine
1196:Fedjeosen
1162:Luftwaffe
1133:Sheffield
1125:Admiralty
1117:North Sea
1107:and four
994:RMS
982:Rochester
953:Fleetwood
907:Visiting
870:Singapore
788:at their
786:laid down
767:directors
648:magazines
633:waterline
531:deep load
519:long tons
294:4 Ă— twin
177:full load
162:long tons
91:Laid down
3417:31 Aug:
3406:30 Aug:
3395:29 Aug:
3384:28 Aug:
3374:27 Aug:
3363:25 Aug:
3352:22 Aug:
3345:Cheshire
3341:18 Aug:
3331:17 Aug:
3321:13 Aug:
3311:12 Aug:
3232:31 Aug:
3202:30 Aug:
3186:29 Aug:
3170:28 Aug:
3153:27 Aug:
3137:25 Aug:
3127:24 Aug:
3116:23 Aug:
3097:Ingraham
3093:22 Aug:
3076:20 Aug:
3057:Berkeley
3053:19 Aug:
3046:Hatarana
3037:18 Aug:
3020:14 Aug:
2984:13 Aug:
2968:12 Aug:
2951:11 Aug:
2923:10 Aug:
2895:Canberra
2707:Arethusa
2484:(1995).
2443:(2005).
2361:(1998).
1689:MS boats
1493:Bismarck
1490:for the
1417:Sardinia
1279:Scotland
1249:MS
1222:brigades
1219:infantry
1104:Calcutta
922:Zanzibar
891:and the
794:launched
763:Type 282
759:Type 273
755:Type 285
748:Type 279
724:Type 284
702:Type 286
666:catapult
642:group's
579:fuel oil
480:scuttled
381:catapult
283:Armament
170:standard
130:Scuttled
99:Launched
3356:Chemung
3324:Bolzano
3301:6 Aug:
3290:4 Aug:
3279:3 Aug:
3272:Molotov
3269:2 Aug:
3219:Vardaas
3206:Colhoun
3173:Asagiri
3146:Mutsuki
3086:Hanseat
2954:Dagabur
2888:Astoria
2884:9 Aug:
2861:8 Aug:
2832:6 Aug:
2809:4 Aug:
2793:3 Aug:
2783:1 Aug:
2684:Belfast
2621:Glasgow
1811:joined
1788:Admiral
1685:Kelibia
1677:S-boats
1667:Furious
1480:Iceland
1409:Force H
1251:Chrobry
1212:Captain
1184:Glasgow
1154:cruiser
1139:Glasgow
999:in the
911:in the
862:Colombo
837:Norfolk
812:in the
790:Hebburn
670:hangars
587:ratings
549:geared
547:Parsons
543:draught
492:captain
421:in the
419:convoys
308:AA guns
299:DP guns
278:800–815
206:Draught
85:Hebburn
77:Builder
46:History
40:in 1942
3421:Vesper
3399:Eridge
3161:V 208
3084:V 312
2909:Quincy
2902:Jarvis
2871:Strale
2835:Mamutu
2819:Tucker
2492:
2470:
2451:
2429:
2410:
2388:
2369:
2347:
2328:
2305:
2286:
2267:
1752:Eskimo
1746:Somali
1722:Zembra
1705:rudder
1649:Rodney
1488:search
1461:Jarrow
1365:Humber
1349:E-boat
1275:Rosyth
1237:Namsos
1226:Narvik
1175:Gurkha
1158:Bergen
1151:-class
1098:, the
1086:Norway
1060:Wahehe
943:sloops
902:Malaya
897:Medway
842:Bombay
800:, the
728:bridge
678:cranes
674:funnel
600:, one
507:-class
505:Mogami
490:; the
394:was a
335:Armour
186:Length
160:9,400
3410:Casco
3304:U-444
3251:U-578
3235:Ro-61
3195:Ro-33
3189:I-123
3130:Ryūjō
3109:U-654
3103:U-458
3079:U-464
2971:Cairo
2961:Eagle
2944:Scirè
2877:U-379
2854:U-612
2848:U-210
2842:Thorn
2825:U-372
2802:U-335
2718:class
2709:class
2676:class
2641:class
2592:class
1871:Notes
1848:'
1701:MS 22
1697:MS 16
1672:Eagle
1574:'
1533:'
1397:Egypt
1344:Kelly
1322:near
1320:mines
1308:Molde
1269:Cairo
1254:with
1170:KG 30
1166:KG 26
1068:'
1005:Malta
947:Egret
882:Eagle
825:Yemen
732:ASDIC
712:'
688:When
567:knots
525:) at
263:Range
256:knots
251:Speed
3457:1943
3449:1942
3441:1941
3388:S-31
3314:Ohio
3294:S-17
3283:S-13
3217:RFA
3179:U-94
3120:Blue
3030:S-39
2938:Kako
2716:Dido
2510:HMS
2490:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2449:ISBN
2427:ISBN
2408:ISBN
2386:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2345:ISBN
2326:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2284:ISBN
2265:ISBN
1749:and
1699:and
1693:MTBs
1589:up.
1567:list
1509:was
1506:Hood
1467:1941
1431:and
1403:and
1359:and
1337:and
1306:and
1299:York
1247:and
1182:and
1168:and
1136:and
1049:and
950:and
888:Kent
539:beam
389:HMS
379:1 Ă—
365:2 Ă—
347:Deck
219:4 Ă—
198:Beam
126:Fate
121:: 15
67:Name
3377:I-8
3367:R-2
3192:, '
1695:),
1029:at
937:in
316:AA
268:nmi
254:32
227:shp
191:o/a
168:) (
3489::
3424:,
3248:,
3222:,
3215:,
3209:,
3176:,
3159:,
3143:,
3106:,
3100:,
3082:,
3066:,
3060:,
3043:,
3026:,
3010:,
3004:,
2997:,
2990:,
2974:,
2957:,
2941:,
2935:,
2929:,
2912:,
2905:,
2898:,
2891:,
2874:,
2868:,
2851:,
2845:,
2838:,
2822:,
2815:,
2799:,
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