735:
32:
98:
554:-based data to programs and uses a nibble-based addressing system. The main registers A, B, C, D, along with temp registers R0, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are a full 64-bits wide, but the data registers D0 & D1 are only 20-bit. External logical data fetches are transparently converted to 8-bit physical fetches. The processor has a 20-bit
749:
According to one of the engineers on the design team of the HP 48G series (Dave Arnett), the yields for 4 MHz CPUs were essentially separated into two bins: the ones closest to spec, generally near 3.93–3.94 MHz, were reserved for the expandable models (GX), and those just slightly
750:
under spec were used for the non-expandable units (G). Eventually the yields improved and the CPUs which clocked closer to 4 MHz were installed in the non-expandable units as well. The effects of (non-extreme) temperatures are almost negligible.
1465:
1390:
442:(software application) cards. In particular, the GX models have more onboard memory than the G models. The G+ models have more onboard memory only. The SX and S models have the same amount of onboard memory.
845:
requires an external compiler; this may be done on the calculator with a third-party utility, or on another machine. The two languages vary mainly in the number of low-level operations available to them.
480:
with various software enhancements. Likewise, the hardware and software design of the HP 48 calculators are themselves strongly influenced by other calculators in the HP line, most of all by the
872:. This can be done either via user-supplied on-calculator tools (eg. Jazz), or on another machine using user-supplied tools or those published directly by Hewlett-Packard (eg. SASM et al.).
1472:"An Advanced Scientific Graphing Calculator: A concise treatment of design objectives, major engineering decisions, and the hardware/software of the HP 48G/GX, compared to the S/SX"
826:-based programming, allowing the programmer to pass unevaluated code as arguments to functions, or return unevaluated code from a function by leaving it on the stack.
1572:
862:
program that invokes a command with incorrect arguments will almost certainly leave the calculator in a state which requires a full memory reset.
801:
Purple and blue-green shift buttons. This is sort of a design error, since these colors may be indistinguishable for red-green color blind people
1591:
955:
2267:
2262:
1437:
1248:
1013:
937:
1447:
1376:
1324:
75:
53:
734:
616:. There were 3 versions of the LCD display used across the range with each improving visibility and contrast over the predecessor.
1089:
1720:
1715:
1489:
434:, the G models being expanded and improved versions of the S models. The models with an X suffix are expandable via special
1119:
2257:
1565:
210:
1209:
1182:
558:
available to code but due to the presence of the high/low nibble selection bit, only 19 bits are available externally.
2205:
2200:
823:
811:
791:
Maximum additional memory for expansion card port 2: 4 MB (128 KB addressable at any given time via
570:
461:
279:
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819:
1505:
942:
46:
40:
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1558:
1476:
1235:
815:
763:
690:
607:
532:
457:
283:
255:
243:
111:
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1301:
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1291:
2215:
2174:
1877:
1433:
57:
2179:
2164:
1988:
1983:
2169:
1872:
1867:
1345:
1275:. Translated by Cannon, Douglas R. (2nd ed.). Corvallis, Oregon, USA: Grapevine Publications, Inc.
465:
115:
199:
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893:
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251:
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119:
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1443:
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965:
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773:
700:
356:
1509:
1227:
627:, standard UART at 1200 to 9600 bauds with option for parity (none/even/odd/mark/space)) and
2036:
1852:
1005:
919:
594:
286:
2121:
2116:
2111:
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1978:
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188:
810:
The HP 48 series of calculators support a stack-based programming language named
2251:
653:
578:
338:
1221:
1080:
Schoorl, André; Maddock, Keith; Okahata, Darryl (2000-04-14) . Rechlin, Eric (ed.).
1609:
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1310:
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923:
485:
1471:
1304:
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1111:
1055:
624:
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377:
97:
1699:
1034:
850:
does not expose any commands that do not check their arguments. Consequently,
586:
1228:"The HP 48SX Scientific Expandable Calculator: Innovation and Evolution"
854:
programs cannot normally crash the calculator (and are therefore slower than
1386:
1334:
1280:
1199:
1172:
866:
686:
635:, similar to serial, zeroes are pulses with duration 1/8 of a full bit time)
236:
1453:
1366:
1314:
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649:-cell address width: 20 bits (leading to the address space shown next)
569:(IC) package. These packages have codenames inspired by the members of the
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20:
1086:
Official HP48 FAQ - Answers to
Frequently Asked Questions about the HP48
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788:
Maximum additional memory for expansion card port 1: 128 KB
777:
719:
Maximum additional memory per expansion card: 128 KB (48SX only)
620:
551:
539:
481:
477:
469:
360:
334:
165:
155:
1530:
841:
is the language that a user can program directly on the calculator.
1371:. 3.05 (in French) (3rd ed.). Paris, France: Editions Angkor.
1319:. 3.02 (in French) (3rd ed.). Paris, France: Editions Angkor.
2137:
2081:
2076:
1968:
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1767:
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1599:
970:
899:
733:
646:
639:
613:
547:
449:(2004) is not a member of the series but closely related to the
221:
1535:
1006:"The End of An Era - On the genesis, life and death of the HP 48"
1272:
HP48 Machine
Language - A Journey to the Center of the HP 48s/sx
632:
513:
1554:
713:
706:
660:
543:
439:
435:
25:
746:
Some claim that the frequency varies according to temperature
468:
developed for the HP 48 series became the basis for the
1201:
HP 48G Series – Advanced User's
Reference Manual (AUR)
865:
It is also possible to program the HP 48 directly in
915:
droid48sx – HP48SX Emulator for
Android, based on Droid48
785:
On-board RAM: 32 KB (48G) or 128 KB (48G+/48GX)
589:. The previous series of Saturn-based ICs were codenamed
1540:
1506:"Guide to the Saturn Processor (With HP48 Applications)"
904:
1531:
The Museum of
Hewlett-Packard Calculators: HP 48S/SX
2229:
2188:
2130:
1997:
1886:
1708:
1590:
1208:. December 1994 . HP 00048-90136, 0-88698-01574-2.
738:
Hewlett-Packard 48GX Scientific
Graphing Calculator
392:
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179:
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161:
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143:
135:
125:
107:
1082:"HP48 FAQ Section 3: Questions about ROM versions"
910:Droid48 – HP48G Emulator for Android, based on X48
905:m48 – HP48 emulator for the iPhone, based on Emu48
822:. RPL adds the concepts of lists and functions to
1181:. December 1994 . HP 00048-90126, (00048-90104).
565:CPU core is integrated as part of a more complex
316:HP 48SX: Ports 1 and 2 (merged): 256 KB
561:In both the HP 48S/SX and G/GX series, the
512:48GX ASEE: 1993 (special edition labelled "1893
1226:Wickes, William C.; Patton, Charles M. (1991).
730:HP 48G/HP 48GX/HP 48G+ specific
414:from 1990 until 2003. The series includes the
396:17.9×7.9×2.8 cm (7.05×3.11×1.1 inch)
1566:
1442:(in French). Paris, France: Editions Angkor.
666:Available expansion card ports on X models: 2
8:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
935:An HP 48 can be seen in the 2012 movie
922:for Unix/Linux or Windows (using Cygwin) by
90:
900:i48 - HP48GX emulator for iOS, based on X48
1573:
1559:
1551:
496:The HP 48SX was introduced on 1990-03-06.
472:, with a simplified user interface and an
96:
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
1141:"HPedia: The HP Calculator Encyclopedia"
743:CPU clock frequency: 3.68 to 4 MHz
39:This article includes a list of general
1155:"Spiderman's Dad an HP Calculator Fan?"
1056:"HP 48 I/O Technical Interfacing Guide"
987:
1439:Le compagnon de Voyage de la HP48 G/GX
1174:HP 48G Series – User's Guide (UG)
89:
956:Comparison of HP graphing calculators
516:1993 Shaping our world - Century II")
298:HP 48G series: 32 to 128 KB
7:
1313:; Lalande, Sébastien (2006-06-25) .
1269:; Lalande, Sébastien (2006-06-25) .
663:(both working and scratch registers)
722:ROM versions: A, B, C, D, E, (F,) J
755:Memory clock frequency: 2 MHz
682:Memory clock frequency: 2 MHz
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1546:HP48 FAQ (including program list)
1110:Wickes, William C. (1991-03-12).
1036:HP 48 Calculator Display Versions
674:HP 48S/HP 48SX specific
318:HP 48GX: Port 1: 128 KB
1583:Hewlett-Packard (HP) calculators
1368:Voyage au centre de la HP48 g/gx
1316:Voyage au centre de la HP48 s/sx
896:for Mac OS X, POSIX (Unix/Linux)
522:48G+ (F1630A, F1894A): 1998–2003
30:
1492:from the original on 2016-08-06
1393:from the original on 2016-08-06
1254:from the original on 2016-04-24
1212:from the original on 2016-08-06
1185:from the original on 2016-08-06
1122:from the original on 2016-04-28
1118:. hpcvra.cv.hp.com item: 2404.
1092:from the original on 2016-08-20
1088:. 4.62. HP Calculator Archive.
1016:from the original on 2016-08-20
1004:Paiva, Joseph V. (2004-10-01).
679:CPU clock frequency: 2 MHz
659:Maximum register size: 64
308:HP 48G series: 512 KB
306:HP 48S series: 256 KB
1112:"HP 48 Version F: False Alarm"
550:processor in that it presents
546:hardware-wise but acts like a
445:Note that the similarly named
296:HP 48S series: 32 KB
16:Series of graphing calculators
1:
1062:. Hewlett-Packard. 1990-06-14
920:An HP48 emulator – decompiler
725:Orange and blue shift buttons
1504:Mastracci, Matthew (1998) .
814:, a supposed combination of
573:. The codename of the IC is
320:Port 2: 4,096 KB (4 MB)
2268:Products introduced in 1990
2263:HP programmable calculators
1887:Scientific non-programmable
798:ROM versions: K, L, M, P, R
772:Communication protocol(s):
699:Communication protocol(s):
619:Communication ports: 4-pin
585:in the G/GX, after Clark's
388:0.25 kg (0.55 lb)
2284:
829:RPL comes in two flavors:
612:Screen resolution: 131×64
571:Lewis and Clark Expedition
464:programming language. The
258:core for the HP48G series)
246:core for the HP48S series)
18:
1669:
1664:
1654:
782:On-board ROM: 512 KB
410:designed and produced by
95:
1659:
1649:
1470:Byrne, Diana K. (1994).
1010:Point of Beginning (PoB)
509:48GX (F1895A): 1993–2003
19:Not to be confused with
1709:Scientific programmable
1541:The HPCALC.org web site
1477:Hewlett-Packard Journal
1236:Hewlett-Packard Journal
816:Reverse Polish notation
669:Expansion card pins: 40
531:The HP 48 series'
458:Reverse Polish Notation
438:(memory expansion) and
276:Programming language(s)
60:more precise citations.
1998:Financial and business
1508:. 1.0b. Archived from
938:The Amazing Spider-Man
739:
476:input method, and the
91:HP 48 series
1536:The HP48 Goodies Page
1434:de Brébisson, Cyrille
858:programs), whereas a
737:
601:Common for all models
492:Models / Availability
466:hardware architecture
2258:Graphing calculators
456:The calculators use
408:graphing calculators
890:for Commodore Amiga
577:in the S/SX, after
92:
2230:Emulation software
1116:comp.sys.handhelds
930:In popular culture
740:
606:CPU architecture:
567:integrated circuit
363:added on G series)
2245:
2244:
966:RPL character set
870:assembly language
774:Kermit (protocol)
701:Kermit (protocol)
400:
399:
357:Kermit (protocol)
86:
85:
78:
2275:
1584:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1552:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1452:. Archived from
1401:
1399:
1398:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1303:(First edition:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1232:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1204:(4th ed.).
1193:
1191:
1190:
1177:(8th ed.).
1159:
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1137:
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1031:
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1024:
1022:
1021:
1001:
638:Data bus width:
595:Meriwether Lewis
287:Machine language
202:digits, exp ±499
100:
93:
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
56:this article by
47:inline citations
34:
33:
26:
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1993:
1882:
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1503:
1495:
1493:
1486:Hewlett-Packard
1469:
1459:
1457:
1450:
1428:
1396:
1394:
1379:
1365:(2006-06-25) .
1361:
1339:
1337:
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1309:
1285:
1283:
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1257:
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1251:
1245:Hewlett-Packard
1230:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1206:Hewlett-Packard
1198:
1188:
1186:
1179:Hewlett-Packard
1171:
1168:
1166:Further reading
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676:
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529:
503:48SX: 1990–1993
494:
412:Hewlett-Packard
406:is a series of
376:4.5 V (3×
319:
317:
313:External memory
307:
303:Firmware memory
297:
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130:Hewlett-Packard
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52:Please help to
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2189:Related topics
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1525:External links
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1448:
1436:(March 1994).
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961:HP calculators
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793:bank switching
789:
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767:HP 00048-80063
758:CPU codename:
756:
753:
752:
751:
747:
731:
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723:
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685:CPU codename:
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536:microprocessor
528:
527:Specifications
525:
524:
523:
520:
519:48G: 1993–2003
517:
510:
507:
506:48S: 1991–1993
504:
499:Availability:
493:
490:
460:(RPN) and the
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656:: 512 KB
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66:November 2014
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1514:. Retrieved
1510:the original
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716:: 32 KB
590:
582:
574:
562:
560:
538:is a hybrid
530:
498:
495:
486:HP-28 series
455:
451:HP 49G+
444:
432:HP 48G+
431:
428:HP 48GX
427:
423:
420:HP 48SX
419:
415:
403:
401:
373:Power supply
266:2–4 MHz
217:Display size
207:Display type
144:Discontinued
126:Manufacturer
112:Programmable
102:HP 48GX
87:
72:
63:
44:
884:for Windows
806:Programming
625:Serial port
556:address bus
478:HP 49G
470:HP 38G
424:HP 48G
416:HP 48S
378:AAA battery
293:User memory
271:Programming
166:HP 49G
152:Predecessor
58:introducing
2252:Categories
2175:OfficeCalc
1516:2006-05-03
1496:2015-09-06
1460:2015-09-06
1397:2015-09-06
1340:2015-09-06
1286:2015-09-06
1258:2015-09-06
1216:2015-09-06
1189:2015-09-06
1126:2016-08-20
1096:2015-09-12
1066:2020-09-12
1060:hpcalc.org
1042:2022-08-10
1020:2015-10-20
982:References
860:System RPL
856:System RPL
843:System RPL
835:System RPL
818:(RPN) and
642:(external)
631:port (not
587:manservant
404:HP 48
393:Dimensions
330:Connection
325:Interfaces
185:Entry mode
180:Calculator
136:Introduced
116:Scientific
41:references
2180:PrintCalc
2165:QuickCalc
876:Emulators
867:HP Saturn
712:On-board
705:On-board
542:/ 20-bit
263:Frequency
233:Processor
195:Precision
162:Successor
2170:EasyCalc
2030:Prestige
2025:Platinum
1899:6s Solar
1592:Graphing
1490:Archived
1488:: 6–22.
1391:Archived
1387:29640044
1335:29640044
1281:34148948
1249:Archived
1247:: 6–12.
1210:Archived
1183:Archived
1120:Archived
1090:Archived
1014:Archived
950:See also
941:and its
852:User RPL
848:User RPL
839:User RPL
831:User RPL
652:Logical
645:Maximum
629:Infrared
593:, after
484:and the
447:hp 48gII
353:Infrared
120:Graphing
21:hp 48gII
2148:CalcPad
1700:Xpander
220:131×64
175:350 USD
54:improve
2052:17bII+
2015:10bII+
1446:
1385:
1375:
1333:
1323:
1279:
976:newRPL
943:sequel
888:Alcuin
778:Xmodem
764:Saturn
691:Saturn
687:Clarke
621:RS-232
614:pixels
608:Saturn
581:, and
575:Clarke
563:Saturn
552:nibble
540:64-bit
533:Saturn
482:HP-18C
430:, and
385:Weight
361:Xmodem
349:Serial
335:RS-232
333:4-pin
284:Saturn
256:Saturn
244:Saturn
237:Clarke
222:pixels
211:TN LCD
156:HP-28S
43:, but
2211:FOCAL
2131:Other
2067:19BII
2047:17BII
2010:10bII
1989:300s+
1924:10sII
1873:9100B
1868:9100A
1783:32SII
1695:Prime
1675:48gII
1635:39gII
1484:(4).
1252:(PDF)
1243:(3).
1231:(PDF)
971:DB48X
882:Emu48
824:stack
769:core)
760:Yorke
696:core)
647:4-bit
640:8-bit
591:Lewis
583:Yorke
548:4-bit
474:infix
368:Other
345:Ports
339:HP-IR
249:Yorke
1984:300s
1919:10s+
1878:9805
1823:41CX
1818:41CV
1685:49g+
1670:48GX
1665:48G+
1655:48SX
1645:40gs
1630:39gs
1625:39g+
1444:ISBN
1383:OCLC
1373:ISBN
1331:OCLC
1321:ISBN
1277:OCLC
833:and
820:Lisp
694:1LT8
633:IrDA
514:ASEE
402:The
240:1LT8
172:Cost
147:2003
139:1990
108:Type
2237:16C
2221:CAS
2216:ALG
2206:PPL
2201:RPL
2196:RPN
2158:200
2153:100
2102:38E
2097:38C
2092:37E
2087:30b
2072:20b
2062:19B
2057:18C
2042:17B
2037:14B
2020:12C
2005:10B
1959:32E
1954:31E
1949:30s
1944:27S
1934:22S
1914:10s
1863:97S
1853:95C
1848:71B
1828:42S
1813:41C
1808:35s
1803:34C
1798:33s
1793:33E
1788:33C
1778:32S
1773:29C
1768:25C
1758:21S
1753:20S
1748:19C
1743:16C
1726:15C
1721:11C
1716:10C
1690:50g
1680:49G
1660:48G
1650:48S
1640:40G
1620:39G
1615:38G
1610:28S
1605:28C
894:X48
812:RPL
714:RAM
707:ROM
661:bit
544:CPU
462:RPL
440:ROM
436:RAM
359:, (
280:RPL
228:CPU
200:BCD
198:12
189:RPN
2254::
2143:10
2138:01
2122:92
2117:81
2112:80
2107:70
2082:27
2077:22
1979:91
1974:46
1969:45
1964:35
1939:27
1929:21
1909:9s
1904:8s
1894:6s
1858:97
1843:67
1838:65
1833:55
1763:25
1736:CE
1731:LE
1600:9g
1482:45
1480:.
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1389:.
1381:.
1329:.
1241:42
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1084:.
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1008:.
990:^
837:.
776:,
597:.
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453:.
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355:,
351:,
337:,
282:/
1574:e
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945:.
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762:(
689:(
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380:)
254:(
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79:)
73:(
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64:(
50:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
