784:
744:
36:
176:
1301:
No wholly satisfactory etymology has been documented. James
Hammond Trumbull suggested to the American Philological Association that the word comes from the Algonquian word for "counsel", 'cau´-cau-as´u'. Other sources claim that it derived from medieval Latin caucus, meaning "drinking vessel," such
912:
In 1669, Oratam deeded a vast tract of land (2200 acres), between
Overpeck Creek and the Hackensack River, to Sara Kiersted, who had mastered the Lenape language and acted as interpreter. He also brokered other land sales, and treaties, between the native and colonizing peoples, including those that
377:(born circa 1576). He was likely also the sagamore of the Tappan, a distinct but closely related Lenape group. It has also been written that the Tappan and the Hackensack were one tribe, the evidence for this being the many land deeds signed by men who were sachems of both tribes at the same time.
183:
The territory of the
Hackensack was variously called Ack-kinkas-hacky, Achkinhenhcky, Achinigeu-hach, Ackingsah-sack, among other spellings (translated as "place of stony ground" or "mouth of a river") and included the areas around the
351:
of the turtle ("Turtle Clan"). Those with the totem of the turtle were held in great esteem by Lenape groups, particularly as peacemakers. The society of the
Hackensack (and all Lenape) was based on governance by consensus. A
321:
and oyster beds, forested mountains, and level land that could be cultivated. The
Hackensack would relocate their semi-permanent village every several years to allow the land to renew itself. It was usually sited between
990:
By the mid-18th century, the
English colonists referred to the Lenape people generally as the Delaware, in recognition of their major territory along that river and around the bay it feeds, both of which they named for
986:
As the Lenape population declined and the
European population increased, the history of the area was increasingly defined by the new European inhabitants. The Lenape Indian tribes played an increasingly secondary role.
935:
The
British takeover of New Netherland, between 1663 and 1674, coincided with Oratam's death (he was said to have lived into his 90s). The government of the newly formed province of
167:
rivers. While the Lenape people occupied much of the mid-Atlantic area, Europeans referred to small groups of native people by the names associated with the places where they lived.
979:, etc.), and disastrous over-harvesting of the animal populations reduced the Lenape population to around 4,000 total by 1700. The Lenape people, like all Native Americans, had no
1014:(1754-1763), and the Native Americans were trying to prevent further European encroachment into their territory. Today Lenape groups are dispersed around the United States.
398:
1780:
783:
983:
to
Eurasian diseases, which had been endemic in European cities for centuries after arriving from Asia; and they suffered high fatality rates from the diseases.
1775:
770:
1551:
148:
362:, ("paramount chief"), though influential, was obliged to follow the decisions of the council made up of leaders among the tribe. The word
1770:
702:
1376:
1063:
882:
631:
53:
1709:
1731:
1500:
1190:
992:
119:
1092:
405:
373:
In the 17th century, the
Hackensack numbered about one thousand, of whom 300 were warriors. An important sachem of that time was
100:
1755:
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1521:
1255:
239:
72:
1443:
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57:
1421:
1314:
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1661:
1594:
1477:
1750:
1575:
1333:
1207:
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population may have numbered as many as 20,000. Several wars, at least 14 separate epidemics of new infectious diseases (
79:
1147:
871:
763:
436:
426:
263:
1696:
1613:
1393:
1053:
562:
939:
quickly surveyed, patented, or deeded lands throughout Hackensack, Tappan, and Raritan territory. In most cases, the
1637:
1229:
867:
481:
227:
160:
86:
46:
431:
421:
247:
925:
1438:
68:
1765:
1068:
976:
843:
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612:
547:
527:
1681:
894:
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642:
557:
522:
341:
197:
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and the middle reaches of the Hackensack River. Their summer encampment and council fire was located at
1543:
1374:
Koopman in de West; De indianen en de Nieuw Nederlanders in het journaal van David Pietersz. De Vries
607:
216:
215:
dialect, one of the two major dialects of the Lenape, or Delaware, languages, which were part of the
201:
1023:
855:
582:
577:
572:
333:
1358:
1215:
1043:
1010:. The British were trying to gain control of lands they had "acquired" from the French after the
980:
902:
827:
674:
597:
517:
294:
212:
185:
152:
1349:
Indian Deeds 1630 to 1748; Budke, George H.; Library Associates of Rockland County, 1975, pg. 19
93:
1727:
1186:
743:
587:
507:
466:
1360:
History of the County of Hudson, New Jersey, from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time
1373:
1007:
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878:
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1687:
Science Forum Index » Anthropology Forum » Coastal American Aboriginal People
1760:
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1425:
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1038:
948:
798:
in September 1609, the Dutch claimed Hackensack lands as part of the colonial province of
650:
567:
502:
310:
1497:
885:, negotiated the purchase of all the land from "the great rock above Wiehacken", west to
842:. The Hackensack also "sold" their land, which became sites for the Dutch settlements at
1100:
914:
890:
863:
839:
799:
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456:
451:
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323:
255:
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156:
1744:
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532:
446:
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1418:
1280:
1122:
17:
1311:
1155:
1123:"Science Forum Index – Anthropology Forum – Coastal American Aboriginal People"
1658:
1473:
1185:
Indian Tribes of Hudson's River; Ruttenber,E.M.; Hope Farm Press, 3rd ed, 2001,
1033:
936:
918:
602:
552:
471:
441:
283:
235:
193:
35:
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175:
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first explored the area, sailing up the river now named for him, anchoring at
716:
537:
512:
328:
318:
189:
1302:
as might have been used for the flip drunk at Caucus Club of colonial Boston.
901:
in 1661. In 1666, the Hackensack sold the land that would become the city of
1610:
1397:
972:
835:
807:
721:
337:
314:
267:
1629:
999:. Some Lenape had migrated west out of the area of English colonization.
968:
886:
851:
726:
298:
275:
1058:
831:
622:
306:
302:
293:
The Lenape engaged in agriculture and seasonally migrated, cultivating
208:
960:
940:
929:
823:
815:
374:
354:
279:
140:
136:
1448:
1691:
782:
348:
174:
332:, (the "big landing-place from the other side of the river"). At
1002:
In the eighteenth century, the Lenape were signatories to the
819:
29:
742:
1205:
Our story begins with ... Native Americans ? BC - 1664
951:
were sold to English-speaking settlers by the Hackensack.
932:
at Vriessendael, gave his observations of the Hackensack.
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1086:
1084:
810:, the Hackensack had early and frequent contact with the
943:
were compensated for sale of the land. Both the land at
226:
Other bands of Unami speakers in the area included the
802:. Living close to what became the province's capital,
179:
Hackensack territory shown in relation to other groups
336:(meaning "land of the tobacco pipe"), they collected
1468:
1466:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
317:. The terrain they inhabited was diverse: wide
347:The Hackensack identified themselves with the
139:given by the Dutch colonists to a band of the
1234:. Paterson, N.J.: Lent & Overkamp Pub. Co
764:
151:tribe. The name is a Dutch derivation of the
8:
1093:"The Indigenous Population of Bergen County"
1419:A History of the Horseneck Riots: Chapter 1
771:
757:
384:
266:tributaries. These groups, along with the
1253:HM-hist "The Abridged History of Hoboken"
924:In a series of essays published in 1655,
381:New Netherland and province of New Jersey
286:, were sometimes collectively called the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1200:
1198:
893:. The area became collectively known as
211:of the Lenape, the Hackensack spoke the
1080:
734:
701:
621:
480:
404:
397:
387:
1262:, Hoboken Museum, Accessed 24-Nov-2006
27:Indigenous people in the United States
1781:Native American history of New Jersey
7:
1776:Native American tribes in New Jersey
1396:. Millburn.lib.nj.us. Archived from
955:Decline during European colonization
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1723:Indian Affairs in Colonial New York
1640:from the original on March 29, 2011
1554:from the original on March 26, 2010
1634:Historical Society of Pennsylvania
1363:, p. 62. Retrieved March 29, 2007.
1064:Toponymy of Bergen, New Netherland
897:with the founding of a village at
883:Director-General of New Netherland
632:Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions
25:
1231:Four Chapters of Paterson History
993:Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr
297:at their campsites to supplement
1518:""Timeline of colonial history""
1097:Bergen County Historical Society
34:
1524:from the original on 2008-05-17
1480:from the original on 2021-04-17
1218:. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
1129:from the original on 2007-09-26
1006:agreement in Pennsylvania, and
223:meant the "people down river".
45:needs additional citations for
1542:McGrath, Ben (March 1, 2010).
1444:Reading Area Community College
1154:. June 1, 2001. Archived from
155:for what is now the region of
1:
1273:"Native People of New Jersey"
366:may come from the Algonquian
1692:Delaware Indian/Lenni Lenape
1228:Shriner, Charles A. (1919).
1166:– via Webcitation.org.
1682:Delaware Indian Tribe Clans
1611:"Delaware Tribe of Indians"
1544:"Strangers on the Mountain"
1054:Minisink Archeological Site
1797:
1771:People from New Netherland
1659:"Native Americans: Lenape"
1697:Delaware Tribe of Indians
1148:"Mochomes – Grandfathers"
1720:Trelease, Allen (1997).
1707:ZABRISKIE FAMILY HISTORY
1702:Lenape Indian Fact Sheet
1242:– via Archive.org.
928:, who had established a
926:David Pietersen de Vries
703:People of New Netherland
250:along the Palisades and
1726:. U of Nebraska Press.
1716:, Bergen County History
1437:Winson, Terrie (2002).
1312:On Overpeck County Park
1069:Economy of the Iroquois
977:encephalitis lethargica
157:northeastern New Jersey
1756:Hackensack, New Jersey
787:
747:
667:Sebastiaen Jansen Krol
643:Cornelius Jacobsen May
180:
1668:, Penn Treaty Museum.
1630:"Make History Yours!"
1012:French and Indian War
786:
746:
736:Flushing Remonstrance
370:meaning "counselor".
178:
171:Territory and society
1751:Algonquian ethnonyms
1474:"Penn Treaty Museum"
340:from which to carve
147:("original men"), a
54:improve this article
1372:Joris van der Meer
1340:, City of Englewood
1158:on October 22, 2009
1103:on January 20, 2019
1024:Elizabethtown Tract
432:Fort Nassau (South)
422:Fort Nassau (North)
217:Algonquian language
69:"Hackensack people"
1712:2009-11-15 at the
1664:2021-04-17 at the
1616:2011-11-02 at the
1597:2007-10-12 at the
1578:2012-11-06 at the
1503:2012-01-27 at the
1424:2007-08-18 at the
1379:2008-06-30 at the
1336:2009-10-02 at the
1317:2009-05-06 at the
1258:2009-02-26 at the
1216:Bogota, New Jersey
1210:2008-10-25 at the
1044:Haverstraw Indians
995:, governor of the
828:manufactured goods
788:
748:
675:Wouter van Twiller
623:The Patroon System
295:companion planting
186:Upper New York Bay
181:
18:Hackensack Indians
1573:"Earl de la Warr"
1331:Englewood History
1091:Wright, Kevin W.
812:New Netherlanders
781:
780:
467:Fort Nya Korsholm
334:Hopoghan Hackingh
130:
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16:(Redirected from
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1099:. Archived from
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1008:Treaty of Easton
1004:Walking Purchase
997:Jamestown Colony
891:Konstapels Hoeck
879:Peter Stuyvesant
806:, at the tip of
773:
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691:Peter Stuyvesant
583:Nieuw Amersfoort
503:Rensselaerswijck
462:Fort Beversreede
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949:Horseneck Tract
889:, and south to
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651:Willem Verhulst
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498:Nieuw Amsterdam
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437:Fort Goede Hoop
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149:Native American
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1565:
1550:. p. 50.
1548:The New Yorker
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1509:
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1439:"Lenni Lenape"
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1383:, 2001 (Dutch)
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814:. They traded
800:New Netherland
796:Weehawken Cove
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1400:on 2013-08-05
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899:Bergen Square
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65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1722:
1654:
1642:. Retrieved
1633:
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1606:
1601:, Etymonline
1587:
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1547:
1537:
1526:. Retrieved
1512:
1493:
1482:. Retrieved
1453:. Retrieved
1449:the original
1442:
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1402:. Retrieved
1398:the original
1388:
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1307:
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1285:. Retrieved
1281:the original
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1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1230:
1223:
1160:. Retrieved
1156:the original
1151:
1142:
1131:. Retrieved
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1101:the original
1096:
1049:Lenape Trail
1001:
989:
985:
965:yellow fever
958:
945:Newark Tract
934:
923:
911:
907:Robert Treat
876:
872:Vriessendael
830:, including
792:Henry Hudson
789:
693:
685:
683:Willem Kieft
677:
669:
661:
659:Peter Minuit
653:
645:
608:Nieuw Amstel
533:Vriessendael
447:Fort Casimir
372:
367:
363:
359:
353:
346:
327:
315:shellfishing
292:
264:Saddle River
240:Acquackanonk
225:
220:
206:
182:
145:Lenni-Lenape
144:
132:
131:
116:
110:January 2018
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1034:Great Trail
937:East Jersey
919:Esopus Wars
915:Kieft's War
603:Swaanendael
553:Colen Donck
482:Settlements
452:Fort Altena
427:Fort Orange
399:Exploration
319:tidal flats
284:Long Island
236:Raritan Bay
198:Meadowlands
194:Bergen Neck
153:Lenape word
1745:Categories
1644:August 26,
1592:"Delaware"
1528:2010-05-11
1484:2010-04-15
1455:August 28,
1404:2008-11-01
1287:August 26,
1238:August 26,
1133:2009-03-05
1107:August 26,
1075:References
868:Achter Col
848:Communipaw
717:Twelve Men
613:Nieuw Dorp
578:Breuckelen
573:Gravesende
548:Oude Dorpe
543:Vlissingen
538:Achter Col
513:Beverwijck
472:De Rondout
258:along the
254:, and the
200:, and the
190:Newark Bay
165:Hackensack
159:along the
133:Hackensack
80:newspapers
1394:"content"
1162:April 27,
1152:Geocities
973:influenza
930:homestead
877:In 1658,
860:Weehawken
836:gunpowder
808:Manhattan
722:Eight Men
694:(1647–64)
686:(1638–47)
678:(1633–38)
670:(1632–33)
662:(1626–32)
654:(1625–26)
646:(1620–25)
563:Heemstede
558:Greenwich
368:caucauasu
338:soapstone
268:Wappinger
202:Palisades
1710:Archived
1662:Archived
1638:Archived
1614:Archived
1595:Archived
1576:Archived
1558:April 6,
1552:Archived
1522:Archived
1501:Archived
1498:"Lenape"
1478:Archived
1422:Archived
1377:Archived
1334:Archived
1315:Archived
1277:USGenNet
1256:Archived
1208:Archived
1127:Archived
1018:See also
981:immunity
969:smallpox
917:and the
852:Harsimus
832:firearms
727:Nine Men
568:Rustdorp
518:Wiltwijk
360:sagamore
329:Gamoenpa
324:Tantaqua
311:trapping
299:foraging
280:Rockaway
276:Canarsee
219:family.
135:was the
1059:Patroon
887:Sikakes
856:Hoboken
844:Pavonia
840:alcohol
598:Boswijk
588:Midwout
528:Pavonia
307:fishing
303:hunting
270:in the
242:on the
228:Raritan
209:phratry
94:scholar
1761:Lenape
1730:
1189:
1029:Esopus
961:Lenape
941:Lenape
913:ended
903:Newark
895:Bergen
881:, the
870:, and
838:, and
824:sewant
822:, and
816:beaver
790:After
523:Bergen
442:De Wal
392:series
375:Oratam
364:caucus
355:sachem
313:, and
274:, and
248:Tappan
246:, the
238:, the
196:, the
161:Hudson
141:Lenape
137:exonym
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
820:pelts
358:, or
349:totem
221:Unami
213:Unami
143:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
1728:ISBN
1646:2018
1560:2010
1457:2018
1289:2018
1240:2018
1187:ISBN
1164:2020
1109:2018
947:and
826:for
278:and
262:and
163:and
73:news
905:to
282:on
230:on
56:by
1747::
1636:.
1632:.
1546:.
1520:.
1476:.
1465:^
1441:.
1275:.
1214:,
1197:^
1172:^
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1125:.
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1083:^
975:,
971:,
967:,
921:.
909:.
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866:,
862:,
858:,
854:,
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846:,
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207:A
204:.
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98:·
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50:.
20:)
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