1176:... are structured structures, generative principles of distinct and distinctive practices - what the worker eats, and especially the way he eats it, the sport he practices and the way he practices it, his political opinions and the way he expresses them are systematically different from the industrial proprietor's corresponding activities - habitus are also structuring structures, different classifying schemes classification principles, different principles of vision and division, different tastes. Habitus make different differences; they implement distinctions between what is good and what is bad, what is right and what is wrong, between what is distinguished and what is vulgar, and so on, but they are not the same. Thus, for instance, the same behaviour or even the same good can appear distinguished to one person, pretentious to someone else, and cheap or showy to yet another.
36:
1172:. Peter Barry explains, "in the structuralist approach to literature there is a constant movement away from interpretation of the individual literary work and a parallel drive towards understanding the larger structures which contain them" (2009, p. 39). There is therefore a strong desire to understand the larger influencing factors which makes an individual literary work. As Bourdieu explains, habitus
979:. This way of living (social attitudes, mannerisms, tastes, morality, etc.) influences the availability of opportunities in life; thus the habitus is structured by the person's social class, but also gives structure to the future paths available to the person. Therefore, the reproduction of social structures results from the habitus of the individual persons who compose the given social structure.
832:
1058:
systems of durable, transposable dispositions, structured structures predisposed to function as structuring structures, that is, as principles which generate and organize practices and representations that can be objectively adapted to their outcomes without presupposing a conscious aiming at ends or
1037:
In
Bourdieu's work, the habitus is shaped by structural position and generates action, thus when people act and demonstrate agency, they simultaneously reflect and reproduce social structure. Bourdieu elaborated his theory of the habitus while borrowing ideas on cognitive and generative schemes from
1248:
Stephen Parkin - a sociologist who considers the "habitus" construct as an explanatory mechanism for the production of drug related harm in drug using environments located in public settings in "Habitus and Drug Using
Environments: Health Place and Lived-Experience" (published by Ashgate in August
1201:
Body habitus (or "bodily habitus") is the medical term for physique, and is categorized as either endomorphic (relatively short and stout), ectomorphic (relatively long and thin) or mesomorphic (muscular proportions). In this sense, habitus has in the past been interpreted as the physical and
1225:
Bernard Lahire - a French sociologist who suggested that the habitus is not (or no longer) a system shared by a class, but rather an eclectic set of dispositions that are often contradictory, due to non-typical socialization paths in late
1131:, bodily skills, styles, tastes, and other non-discursive knowledges that might be said to "go without saying" for a specific group (Bourdieu 1990:66-67) - in that way it can be said to operate beneath the level of rational
1046:
regarding dependency on history and human memory. For instance, a certain behaviour or belief becomes part of a society's structure when the original purpose of that behaviour or belief can no longer be recalled and becomes
1275:- a German sociologist studying how the habitus is determined on our culturally accepted manners. In ‘’The Civilizing Process’’, his theory is also extended to a 'national habitus' of Germans, used to justify the Holocaust.
1245:- an anthropologist who suggested that the habitus can be shaped and transformed not only through unconscious mimesis but also through pedagogic process, while reverting from Bourdieu's account to that of Aristotle.
942:, education, and profession) share a habitus as the way that group culture and personal history shape the mind of a person; consequently, the habitus of a person influences and shapes the
2210:
1127:
Mauss defined habitus as those aspects of culture that are anchored in the body or daily practices of individuals, groups, societies, and nations. It includes the totality of learned
1266:
971:), and the mental habits of perception, classification, appreciation, feeling, and action. The habitus allows the individual person to consider and resolve problems based upon
1186:
As a result, habitus may be employed in literary theory in order to understand those larger, external structures which influence individual theories and works of literature.
1262:
Ori
Schwarz - a sociologist who studied the "sonic habitus", schemes that organize the production of sounds, their classification (e.g. as "noise") and the reaction to them.
1719:
415:
1156:
uses the term in discussion of how authors develop a habitus formed around their own celebrity and status as authors, which manifests in their writing.
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2105:
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440:
1239:- an anthropologist who incorporates the concept of "habitus" into much of his work with intravenous drug users in the San Francisco Bay Area.
1967:
1712:
1594:
1218:- a sociologist and ethnographer who studied the construction of the "pugilistic habitus" in a boxing gym of the black ghetto of Chicago in
2316:
1336:
Lizardo, O. 2004, "The
Cognitive Origins of Bourdieu's Habitus", Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 375–448.
2331:
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459:
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constitutional characteristics of an individual, especially as related to the tendency to develop a certain disease. For example, "
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999:
968:
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622:
355:
225:
91:
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1897:
345:
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1152:, adapting from Bourdieu's usage of the term. For example, Joe Moran's examination of authorial identities in
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and is so ideologically powerful as to constitute the very bodily disposition of liberal political theory.
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Dov Cohen and Hans IJzerman - psychologists who studied the habitus in social psychology, examining how
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instrumental chamber music allows for the cultivation and experience of habitus by its players
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The Sound of
Stigmatization: Sonic Habitus, Sonic Styles, and Boundary Work in an Urban Slum
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who used it as a cornerstone of his sociology, and to address the sociological problem of
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wrote that habitus is an old philosophical notion, originating in the thought of
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Listening to the monkey: Class, youth and the formation of a musical habitus
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Gabriel
Ignatow explored how the notion of habitus can contribute to the
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an express mastery of the operations necessary in order to attain them.
71:
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2155:
2120:
1997:
1912:
1874:
1319:, uses Bourdieu's habitus as a basis for his health lifestyle theory.
1539:
1164:
Bourdieu's principle of habitus is interwoven with the concept of
1072:
959:
919:
1694:. Edited by Jens Beckert and Milan Zafirovski. London: Routledge.
1304:
the idea of habitus to the idea of theory-in-action developed by
1293:
built on fragile assumptions around individuality, autonomy, and
2172:
2094:
1739:
1701:
1485:
Lahire, Bernard. 2011. The Plural Actor. Cambridge: Polity.
1265:
Loren Ludwig, US - a musicologist researching the way that
1084:. Bourdieu first adapted the term in his 1967 postface to
903:
897:
891:
2211:
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
1474:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1497:
Why the
Sociology of Morality Needs Bourdieu's Habitus
16:
How individuals perceive and react to the social world
1642:'Theory and Psychology' Vol. 19 (6), pp. 728-755
914:) is the way that people perceive and respond to the
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900:
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1986:
1938:
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1652:Maton, Karl. 2012 'Habitus', in Grenfell, M. (ed)
1685:Body & Soul: Notebooks of an Apprentice Boxer
1222:(2004) and in "Habitus as Topic and Tool" (2009).
1220:Body & Soul: Notebooks of an Apprentice Boxer
1692:International Encyclopedia of Economic Sociology
1690:Wacquant, Loïc. 2004. "Habitus." pp. 315-319 in
1622:Bourdieu, Pierre and Loïc J.D. Wacquant. 1992.
1174:
1112:). The concept is also present in the work of
1056:
1054:According to Bourdieu, habitus is composed of:
1713:
1386:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–79.
1092:. The term was earlier used in sociology by
1018:. In contemporary usage it was introduced by
856:
8:
1107:
1680:'Ethnography' Vol. 11 (2), pp. 255-283
1280:Latinos and Anglos embody honor differently
1154:Star Authors: Literary Celebrity in America
2375:
2180:
2169:
2091:
1749:
1736:
1720:
1706:
1698:
1462:Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature
934:People with a common cultural background (
863:
849:
34:
18:
2238:Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
2106:Basic interpersonal communicative skills
1656:. London: Acumen Press, revised edition.
1593:(5 ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
1476:(4th Ed) Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003
1329:
1300:Victor J. Friedman and Israel J. Sykes
918:they inhabit, by way of their personal
26:
1571:
1561:
1512:
1502:
1429:
1419:
1968:High-context and low-context cultures
1090:Gothic Architecture and Scholasticism
982:The habitus is criticised as being a
7:
2317:Computer processing of body language
1624:An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology
1362:
1360:
1344:
1342:
2332:List of facial expression databases
2322:Emotion recognition in conversation
1285:Sudhir Chella Rajan, who shows how
1687:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1626:. The University of Chicago Press.
1534:. Vol. 121. pp. 205–42.
1148:The term has also been adopted in
1051:into individuals of that culture.
14:
2216:Childhood disintegrative disorder
1649:. Colorado: Westview Press, Inc.
1259:at Bielefeld University (Germany)
1106:'s account of "body techniques" (
1639:Habitus, Freedom and Reflexivity
881:
830:
1617:Outline of a Theory of Practice
1401:. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
1384:Outline of a Theory of Practice
1351:Outline of a Theory of Practice
994:, in the sense proposed in the
416:Peace, war, and social conflict
1667:32 (3-4). Reprinted in Mauss,
1076:("state") was translated into
1:
1654:Pierre Bourdieu: Key concepts
1619:. Cambridge University Press.
1353:. Cambridge University Press.
1315:William Cockerham - American
938:, religion, and nationality,
1371:. Stanford University Press.
1210:Scholars researching habitus
2233:Nonverbal learning disorder
1811:Speech-independent gestures
1784:Facial Action Coding System
1669:Sociologie et anthropologie
1397:Tönnies, Ferdinand (1963).
2551:
1973:Interpersonal relationship
1774:Body-to-body communication
1193:
1014:has been used as early as
87:Human environmental impact
2378:
2179:
2168:
2101:
2090:
1748:
1735:
1495:Ignatow, Gabriel (2009).
1412:Bourdieu, Pierre (1990).
1382:Bourdieu, Pierre (1977).
1367:Bourdieu, Pierre (2000).
1349:Bourdieu, Pierre (1977).
2530:Sociological terminology
2388:Behavioral communication
1636:Hilgers, Mathieu. 2009.
1615:Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977.
1253:Heinrich Wilhelm Schäfer
1194:Not to be confused with
181:Structural functionalism
1828:Interpersonal synchrony
1729:Nonverbal communication
1661:Les Techniques du corps
1589:Elias, Norbert (1939).
1458:The Premodern Condition
963:, a person's carriage (
201:Symbolic interactionism
96:Industrial revolutions
2425:Monastic sign lexicons
2116:Emotional intelligence
1683:Wacquant, Loïc. 2004.
1665:Journal de Psychologie
1659:Mauss, Marcel. 1934. "
1645:MacLeod, Jay. 1995.
1631:The Civilizing Process
1591:The Civilizing Process
1184:
1160:Use in literary theory
1108:
1099:The Civilizing Process
1061:
191:Social constructionism
2415:Impression management
1530:Schwarz, Ori (2015).
1414:The Logic of Practice
1399:Community and society
1369:Pascalian Meditations
1231:sociology of morality
1139:Non-sociological uses
1024:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
986:concept, because, as
566:Conversation analysis
141:Social stratification
2430:Verbal communication
2383:Animal communication
2301:Targeted advertising
1818:Haptic communication
1674:Rimmer. Mark. 2010.
1291:discursive apparatus
2439:Non-verbal language
2327:Gesture recognition
2174:Further information
2064:Emotion recognition
2015:Silent service code
1671:, 1936, Paris: PUF.
1317:medical sociologist
1109:techniques du corps
1010:The concept of the
998:of the philosopher
990:, people behave as
151:Social cycle theory
22:Part of a series on
2525:Post-structuralism
2520:Political concepts
2465:Art and literature
2420:Meta-communication
2408:Passive-aggressive
2337:Sentiment analysis
2038:Non-verbal leakage
1647:Ain't No Makin' It
1464:6:1 (Winter 2007).
1452:2009-04-09 at the
1150:literary criticism
1144:Literary criticism
1070:, whose notion of
1026:; however, it was
837:Society portal
460:History of science
441:Race and ethnicity
121:Social environment
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2196:Asperger syndrome
2164:
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2146:Social competence
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
1888:Emotional prosody
1794:Subtle expression
1779:Facial expression
1237:Philippe Bourgois
1206:bodily habitus".
873:
872:
591:Social experiment
471:Social psychology
116:Social complexity
2542:
2535:Social agreement
2376:
2353:Ray Birdwhistell
2181:
2170:
2096:Broader concepts
2092:
2069:First impression
1750:
1737:
1722:
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1699:
1629:Elias, Norbert.
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1034:and structure.
957:consists of the
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586:Network analysis
476:Sociocybernetics
466:Social movements
196:Social darwinism
146:Social structure
38:
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2515:Social concepts
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2477:Mimoplastic art
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2451:Tactile signing
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2033:Microexpression
2019:
2003:One-bit message
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1610:Further reading
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1028:Pierre Bourdieu
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951:Pierre Bourdieu
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926:of character.
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1181:Bourdieu, 1996
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1161:
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1137:
1122:Edmund Husserl
1118:Gilles Deleuze
1102:(1939) and in
1086:Erwin Panofsky
1007:
1004:
967:) and speech (
953:said that the
944:social actions
931:
928:
922:, skills, and
875:In sociology,
871:
870:
868:
867:
860:
853:
845:
842:
841:
840:
839:
824:
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236:Astrosociology
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82:Human behavior
79:
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68:
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53:
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40:
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31:
30:
24:
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15:
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3:
2:
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2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:Sign language
2444:
2443:
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2437:
2431:
2428:
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2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2409:
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2328:
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2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2291:Freudian slip
2289:
2287:
2286:Lie detection
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2265:Mirror neuron
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:Limbic system
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2221:Rett syndrome
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Social skills
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:People skills
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:Communication
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2093:
2089:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:Multi-faceted
2045:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Display rules
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1928:Voice quality
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
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1866:
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1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1799:
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1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1765:Body language
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1718:
1716:
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1700:
1693:
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1357:
1352:
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1333:
1330:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1306:Chris Argyris
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1273:Norbert Elias
1271:
1268:
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1258:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1241:
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1235:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1216:Loïc Wacquant
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1197:
1189:
1187:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1166:structuralism
1159:
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1136:
1134:
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1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
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1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1094:Norbert Elias
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1064:Loïc Wacquant
1060:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:social actors
985:
984:deterministic
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
961:
956:
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947:
945:
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929:
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833:
828:
827:
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815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
802:Organizations
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
781:
776:
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770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
751: ·
750:
747: ·
746:
742:
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718:
714:
710:
707: ·
706:
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613:
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605:
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589:
587:
584:
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579:
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574:
572:
569:
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564:
562:
559:
557:
556:Computational
554:
552:
549:
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539:
538:
535:
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522:
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517:
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452:
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429:
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389:
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369:
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362:
359:
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349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
301:Environmental
299:
296:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
251:Consciousness
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
215:
210:
209:
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172:
169:
168:
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160:
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149:
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142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
131:Social equity
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
77:Globalization
75:
73:
70:
69:
63:
62:
57:
54:
52:
49:
47:
44:
43:
42:
41:
37:
33:
32:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2281:Cold reading
2274:Applications
2248:Neuroanatomy
1962:
1893:Paralanguage
1691:
1684:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1653:
1646:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1590:
1584:
1531:
1525:
1496:
1490:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1442:
1413:
1407:
1398:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1368:
1350:
1332:
1310:Donald Schön
1287:automobility
1243:Saba Mahmood
1219:
1200:
1190:Body habitus
1185:
1175:
1163:
1153:
1147:
1126:
1104:Marcel Mauss
1097:
1089:
1077:
1071:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1040:Noam Chomsky
1036:
1020:Marcel Mauss
1011:
1009:
1000:G.W. Leibniz
991:
987:
981:
958:
954:
948:
940:ethnic group
936:social class
933:
916:social world
876:
874:
787:Bibliography
701:
629:
628:
615:
581:Mathematical
561:Ethnographic
541:Quantitative
226:Architecture
164:Perspectives
136:Social power
2260:Limbic lobe
2025:Unconscious
2008:Missed call
1978:Social norm
1953:Conventions
1843:Eye contact
1196:Body theory
1082:Scholastics
1044:Jean Piaget
973:gut feeling
924:disposition
792:Terminology
761:Baudrillard
637:Tocqueville
551:Comparative
546:Qualitative
516:Victimology
346:Immigration
331:Generations
246:Criminology
2509:Categories
2393:Aggressive
2363:Paul Ekman
2346:Key people
2310:Technology
2296:Poker tell
2141:Social cue
1948:Chronemics
1898:Intonation
1742:Modalities
1599:0631221611
1324:References
1226:modernity.
1049:socialized
1022:and later
996:Monadology
817:By country
571:Historical
496:Technology
436:Punishment
421:Philosophy
396:Mathematic
386:Literature
351:Industrial
341:Historical
266:Demography
186:Positivism
111:Popularity
66:Key themes
2398:Assertive
2206:Fragile X
2191:Aprosodia
2184:Disorders
2131:Semiotics
2059:Deception
1865:Proxemics
1855:Olfaction
1838:Oculesics
1823:Imitation
1574:ignored (
1564:cite book
1515:ignored (
1505:cite book
1432:ignored (
1422:cite book
1204:Marfanoid
1114:Max Weber
1068:Aristotle
1016:Aristotle
977:intuition
633:Martineau
576:Interview
501:Terrorism
481:Sociology
426:Political
366:Knowledge
286:Education
28:Sociology
2228:Dyssemia
2074:Intimacy
1994:Emoticon
1903:Loudness
1833:Laughter
1769:Kinesics
1760:Blushing
1753:Physical
1556:10034380
1548:26430711
1450:Archived
1179:—
1133:ideology
992:automata
930:Overview
812:Timeline
797:Journals
765:Bourdieu
757:Habermas
753:Luhmann
749:Foucault
693:Mannheim
673:Durkheim
446:Religion
406:Military
371:Language
356:Internet
311:Feminist
295:Jealousy
281:Economic
276:Disaster
271:Deviance
214:Branches
92:Identity
2482:Subtext
2403:Passive
2372:Related
1963:Habitus
1908:Prosody
1860:Posture
1801:Gesture
1295:driving
1078:habitus
1012:habitus
1006:Origins
965:posture
955:habitus
877:habitus
769:Giddens
767:·
763:·
755:·
743:·
741:Goffman
737:Schoeck
723:·
715:·
691:·
689:Du Bois
687:·
679:·
675:·
667:·
661:Tönnies
659:·
645:Spencer
643:·
621:·
534:Methods
511:Utopian
456:Science
401:Medical
391:Marxist
381:Leisure
291:Emotion
256:Culture
72:Society
51:Outline
46:History
2456:Tadoma
2201:Autism
2156:Unsaid
2121:Nunchi
1998:Smiley
1918:Stress
1913:Rhythm
1883:Affect
1875:Speech
1597:
1554:
1546:
1447:Review
1302:likens
1249:2013).
1129:habits
1120:, and
1032:agency
969:accent
920:habits
807:People
745:Bauman
725:Nisbet
721:Merton
713:Gehlen
709:Adorno
702:1900s:
677:Addams
669:Simmel
665:Veblen
657:Pareto
649:Le Bon
630:1800s:
623:Sieyès
616:1700s:
596:Survey
521:Visual
431:Public
336:Health
326:Gender
316:Fiscal
306:Family
1987:Other
1552:S2CID
1460:, in
1073:hexis
960:hexis
780:Lists
729:Mills
705:Fromm
697:Elias
685:Weber
619:Comte
506:Urban
491:Sport
486:Space
451:Rural
411:Music
361:Jewry
261:Death
221:Aging
56:Index
2472:Mime
1923:Tone
1806:List
1595:ASIN
1576:help
1544:PMID
1517:help
1434:help
1308:and
1042:and
975:and
733:Bell
717:Aron
681:Mead
653:Ward
641:Marx
321:Food
241:Body
1663:",
1536:doi
1168:in
1096:in
1088:'s
376:Law
231:Art
2511::
2258:/
1996:/
1767:/
1568::
1566:}}
1562:{{
1550:.
1542:.
1509::
1507:}}
1503:{{
1426::
1424:}}
1420:{{
1359:^
1341:^
1255:–
1135:.
1124:.
1116:,
1002:.
759:·
739:·
735:·
731:·
727:·
719:·
711:·
695:·
683:·
671:·
663:·
655:·
651:·
647:·
635:·
104:/
100:/
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1558:.
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1312:.
1282:.
1269:.
1233:.
1198:.
910:/
907:s
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901:t
898:ɪ
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892:æ
889:h
886:ˈ
883:/
879:(
864:e
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850:v
462:)
458:(
297:)
293:(
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