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engaged. In the case of trombones this can result in a less crisp and more muted or mellow sound. Moreover, because of the use of the slide alters the relative location of the valve compared to the total length of the instrument, different slide positions may produce slightly different tonal quality when the valve is engaged compared to a standard trombone without valves. Sharps bends also cause flow turbulence which absorbs energy, meaning more effort and breath support is needed by the player for a given volume. Some rotors add further impedance by using a smaller diameter than the instrument tubing, or an elliptical cross-section, to reduce the size and weight of the valve, for the sake of fast operation and comfort.
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top of the rotor and into the valve tubing. This reduces acoustic impedance effects, providing a more open "feel" for the player and a "crisper" tone more similar to a standard trombone. While the
Hagmann valve does not achieve the low 20–25° angle of deflection in axial flow valves, it is still about as free-blowing and, being otherwise substantially similar to a standard rotary valve, is also simpler to lubricate and clean. Unlike early axial valve designs, the Hagmann valve rotor is supported by
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Hagmann valve, in default (A) and engaged (B) positions, top (above) and side view (below). 1. air flow, from mouthpiece; 2. air flow, to bell; 3. air flow to and from valve tubing; 4. valve casing; 5. valve cap; 6. straight-path valve port; 7. valve ports, to tubing emerging at the top of the valve
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The Shires "Tru-Bore" valve (US patent granted 2006) claims to improve
Hagmann's design by mounting the valve on its side to simplify manufacturing. this enables the rotor to be manufactured as single-piece cast solid rotor instead of assembling it from brazed tubes, and eliminating the slight kink
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effects of some harmonics, depending on the location of the valve. This is particular the case in higher overtones/harmonics with shorter wavelengths relative to the diameter of the tubing and relative to the radius of the bend. This can result in a modest change in tonal quality when the valve is
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The
Hagmann valve has a rotor with three ports. The default path uses one port, which passes straight through the center of the rotor with almost no deflection of the air flow. When engaged, the rotor turns only 60° and uses the other two ports to deflect the air path approximately 45° through the
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balanced or "K" valve (granted 1995) and the Miller valve (granted 1998) show both employing a similar mechanism, but with S-shaped valve ports entirely contained within a rotor cylinder undergoing a 90° turn, and emerging from the sides of the taller valve casing, rather than the top. Very few
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142:, which already have many sharp bends in the tubing, the characteristic sound of the trombone is partly due to its long straight air flow. The valve ports in rotary valves require a small radius 90° bend or "knuckle" shape. This causes increased
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A standard rotary valve has a rotor with two valve ports, which deflect the air flow through a 90° turn when engaged. While this does not substantially affect the sound of instruments like the
311:, Shires, Stephen E., "Musical wind instrument, valves therefor, and methods of manufacturing same", issued 26 September 2006, assigned to S.E. Shires, Inc, class G10D9/04
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361:, Kirts, Herbert L., "Air flow valve for musical instrument", issued 14 March 1995, assigned to Selmer Corporation, class G10D9/04
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at both ends of the spindle, which allows a tighter clearance with the valve body, reduces wear, and improves rigidity and durability.
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in F built with five
Hagmann valves. Although discontinued, this instrument is still used by several operas and orchestras, including
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Hagmann valves are available on trombones from several manufacturers, especially on their professional ranges, including
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380:, Miller, Robert M., "Rotary valve for musical instruments", issued 25 August 1998, class G10D9/04
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design developed by Swiss musician and instrument technician René Hagmann, first introduced for
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The
Hagmann valve is similar to several other three-port valve designs. US patents for the
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in 1990. His intention was to address some of the geometrical limitations of the regular
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instruments were built and sold with these valves, and both patents have now expired.
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51:, as well as the reliability and maintenance issues of the popular Thayer
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329:"René Hagmann presents the Free Flow Valve for trombones"
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Source: Figs. 1A–1E (prior art), Shires Tru-Bore patent.
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255:"International Trademarks: 667729 – RENE HAGMANN"
174:Two independent Hagmann valves on a bass trombone
55:that arise from its relatively complex design.
187:in the straight path to improve the air flow.
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158:End cap removed, showing valve port layout
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
263:World Intellectual Property Organization
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433:Brass instrument parts and accessories
126:casing; 8. spindle axis of rotation.
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207:, S.E. Shires, Schagerl, and Thein.
91:adding citations to reliable sources
226:, as well as Swedish jazz musician
284:"The René Hagmann Free-Flow Valve"
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25:Hagmann valve on a tenor trombone
327:Hagmann, René (28 August 2018).
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399:. Musik Haag AG. Archived from
378:US patent (expired) 5798471
359:US patent (expired) 5396825
78:needs additional citations for
397:"Haag Cimbasso Trombone C45HV"
18:Type of brass instrument valve
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224:Sydney Symphony Orchestra
210:In 2004 Haag released a
31:Hagmann Free-Flow Valve
216:Badische Staatskapelle
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38:brass instrument valve
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335:. Geneva, Switzerland
309:US patent 7112735
220:Hungarian State Opera
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87:improve this article
286:. Servette Music SA
148:frequency dampening
418:Inventor's website
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403:on 12 March 2013.
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85:Please help
80:verification
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59:Construction
49:rotary valve
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231: [
136:French horn
35:trademarked
438:Air valves
427:Categories
241:References
268:4 August
212:cimbasso
203:, Haag,
201:Courtois
42:trombone
345:YouTube
339:18 July
290:18 July
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33:is a
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