Haggadah - Knowledge (XXG)

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important to include a fifth cup for the fifth expression of redemption in Exodus 6:8. All agreed that five cups should be poured but the question as to whether or not the fifth should be drunk, given that the fifth expression of redemption concerned being brought into the Land of Israel, which—by this stage—was no longer possessed of an autonomous Jewish community, remained insoluble. The rabbis determined that the matter should be left until Elijah comes (in reference to the notion that Elijah's arrival would precipitate the coming of the Messiah, at which time all halakhic questions will be resolved) and the fifth cup came to be known as the

182: 683: 368: 1052: 4652: 29: 4666: 575:, whenever one partakes of fruit or vegetables dipped in liquid, one must wash one's hands, if the fruit or vegetable remains wet. However, this situation does not often arise at other times of the year because either one will dry fruits and vegetables before eating them, or one has already washed one's hands, because one must also wash one's hands before eating bread. 727:

adult "child" until a grandchild of the family receives sufficient Jewish education to take on the responsibility. If a person has no children capable of asking, the responsibility falls to the spouse, or another participant. The need to ask is so great that even if a person is alone at the seder he is obligated to ask himself and to answer his own questions.

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innovation, within a framework conserving the tradition. While innovations became less common in the last few centuries due to the introduction of the printing press and various social factors, Conservative Jews take pride in their community's resumption of the traditional of liturgical creativity within a halakhic framework.

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The traditional Haggadah speaks of "four sons—one who is wise, one who is wicked, one who is simple, and one who does not know to ask". The number four derives from the four passages in the Torah where one is commanded to explain the Exodus to one's son. Each of these sons phrases his question about

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Haggadah is known for its attention to detail in lettering and for introducing many of the themes still found in modern texts. Although illustrations had often been a part of the Haggadah, it was not until the Prague Haggadah that they were used extensively in printed text. The Haggadah features over

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holds that there are no normative texts, and allowed individuals to create their own Haggadot. Reform Jews take pride in their community's resumption of liturgical creativity outside a halakhic framework; although the significant differences they introduced make their texts incompatible with Jews who

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sing "Bivhilu yatzanu mimitzrayim, halahma anya b'nei horin" (In haste we went out of Egypt bread of affliction, free people), Algerian Jews sing "Ethmol 'ayinu abadim, hayom benei 'horin, hayom kan, leshana habaa bear'a deYisrael bene 'horin" (Yesterday we were slaves, today we are free, today we

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details questions one is obligated to ask on the night of the Seder. It is customary for the youngest child present to recite the four questions. Some customs hold that the other participants recite them quietly to themselves as well. In some families, this means that the requirement remains on an

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and the exodus from Egypt. Acting in a way that shows freedom and majesty, many Jews have the custom of filling each other's cups at the Seder table. The Kiddush is traditionally said by the father of the house, but all Seder participants participate by reciting the Kiddush and drinking at least a

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illustrations picturing "scenes and symbols of the Passover ritual; ... biblical and rabbinic elements that actually appear in the Haggadah text; and scenes and figures from biblical or other sources that play no role in the Haggadah itself, but have either past or future redemptive associations".

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The text of the Haggadah was never fixed in one, final form, as no rabbinic body existed which had authority over such matters. Instead, each local community developed its own text. A variety of traditional texts took on a standardized form by the end of the medieval era on the Ashkenazi (Eastern

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as a means of producing texts, the general adoption rate of printed Haggadot was slow. By the end of the sixteenth century, only twenty-five editions had been printed. This number increased to thirty-seven during the seventeenth century, and 234 during the eighteenth century. It is not until the

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Most Ashkenazim have the custom to fill a fifth cup at this point. This relates to a Talmudic discussion that concerns the number of cups that are supposed to be drunk. Given that the four cups are in reference to the four expressions of redemption in Exodus 6:6–7, some rabbis felt that it was

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The British Library's 14th century Barcelona Haggadah (BL Add. MS 14761) is one of the most richly pictorial of all Jewish texts. Meant to accompany the Passover eve service and festive meal, it was also a status symbol for its owner in 14th-century Spain. Nearly all its folios are filled with

788:" (This implies that the Seder is not for the wicked son because the wicked son would not have deserved to be freed from Egyptian slavery.) Where the four sons are illustrated in the Haggadah, this son has frequently been depicted as carrying weapons or wearing stylish contemporary fashions. 331:

allowed for minor additions and deletions to the text, in accord with the same historical-legal parameters as occurred in previous generations. Rabbis within the Conservative Judaism, studying the liturgical history of the Haggadah and Siddur, conclude that there is a traditional dynamic of

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Two blessings are recited. First one recites the standard blessing before eating bread, which includes the words "who brings forth" (motzi in Hebrew). Then one recites the blessing regarding the commandment to eat Matzah. An olive-size piece (some say two) is then eaten while reclining.

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thy God: 'A wandering Aramean was my parent, and they went down into Egypt, and sojourned there, few in number; and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous. 6. And the Egyptians dealt ill with us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage. 7. And we cried unto the

192:. Upper right: the Dance of Miriam (Ex. 15:20), upper left: the master of the house distributing the matzot (unleavened bread) and the haroset (sweetmeat), lower right: cleaning of the house, lower left: slaughtering the Passover lamb and cleansing dishes (hagalat kelim). 955:, which proclaims that had God performed any single one of the many deeds performed for the Jewish people, it would have been enough to obligate us to give thanks. After this is a declaration (mandated by Rabban Gamliel) of the reasons of the commandments concerning the 170:, along with a minority of commentators, believe that Abba Arika and Samuel were not arguing on its compilation, but rather on its interpretation, and hence it was completed before then. According to this explanation, the Haggadah was written during the lifetime of 938:

With the recital of the Ten Plagues, each participant removes a drop of wine from his or her cup using a fingertip. Although this night is one of salvation, the sages explain that one cannot be completely joyous when some of God's creatures had to suffer. A

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Although the 15 orders of the Seder have been completed, the Haggadah concludes with additional songs which further recount the miracles that occurred on this night in Ancient Egypt as well as throughout history. Some songs express a prayer that the

766:" One explanation for why this very detailed-oriented question is categorized as wise, is that the wise son is trying to learn how to carry out the seder, rather than asking for someone else's understanding of its meaning. He is answered fully: 1533:

Passover Haggadah according to the custom of the Karaite Jews of Egypt / = Passover haggadah : according to the custom of the Karaite Jews of Egypt, edited by Y. Yaron; translation by A. Qanai̤, Pleasanton, CA: Karaite Jews of America,

1163:("Cup of Elijah"). Over time, people came to relate this cup to the notion that Elijah will visit each home on Seder night as a foreshadowing of his future arrival at the end of the days, when he will come to announce the coming of the 1899:

It is very probable that already during the confrontation with the pharaoh the case of the four sons was presented: the wicked is by definition the Pharaoh since he does not want to accept neither God nor His word; the wise is clearly

1543:זבח קרבן הפסח : הגדה של פסח, נוסח שומרוני (Samaritan Haggada & Pessah Passover / Zevaḥ ḳorban ha-Pesaḥ : Hagadah shel Pesaḥ, nusaḥ Shomroni = Samaritan Haggada & Pessah Passover), Avraham Nur Tsedaḳah, Tel Aviv, 1958 287:

While the main portions of the text of the Haggadah have remained mostly the same since their original compilation, there have been some additions after the last part of the text. Some of these additions, such as the

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The Haggadah explores the meaning of those verses, and embellishes the story. This telling describes the slavery of the Jewish people and their miraculous salvation by God. This culminates in an enumeration of the

776:", is characterized by the Haggadah as isolating himself from the Jewish people, standing by objectively and watching their behavior rather than participating. Therefore, he is rebuked by the explanation that " 560:

majority of a cup of wine. On Shabbat, it is preceded by a reading from the Book of Genesis recounting God's rest on the seventh day of creation and includes an extended doxology on the blessings of Shabbat.

292:"One little goat" (חד גדיא) and "Who Knows One?" (אחד מי יודע), which were added sometime in the fifteenth century, gained such acceptance that they became a standard to print at the back of the Haggadah. 1912:: it is said that Job's fault, precisely in the historical period of the Exodus, was that of having been silent during the rebellion of the Pharaoh against the two leaders of the Jewish people Mosheh and 480:

in the 14th century and is an example of the cross-fertilisation between Jewish and non-Jewish artists within the medium of manuscript illumination. In spring and summer 2012 it was exhibited at the

436:. From 1900 to 1960 alone, over 1,100 Haggadot were printed. It is not uncommon, particularly in America, for haggadot to be produced by corporate entities, such as coffee maker Maxwell House – see 215:

Another part of the oldest ritual, as is recorded in the Mishnah, is the conclusion of the "Hallel" (up to Psalms 118), and the closing benediction of the hymn "Birkat ha-Shir", which latter the

460:: bird-headed Jews bake matzos for the journey and leave Egypt with their possessions (left-hand page); a blank-faced Pharaoh and Egyptian soldiers pursue the Jewish nation (right-hand page) 1308:("One Kid "). This seemingly childish song about different animals and people who attempted to punish others for their crimes and were in turn punished themselves, was interpreted by the 224:

These blessings, and the narrations of Israel's history in Egypt, based on Deuteronomy 26:5–9 and on Joshua 24:2–4, with some introductory remarks, were added in the time of the early

1095:, traditionally, no other food may be eaten for the rest of the night. Additionally, no intoxicating beverages may be consumed, with the exception of the remaining two cups of wine. 578:

According to most traditions, no blessing is recited at this point in the Seder, unlike the blessing recited over the washing of the hands before eating bread. However, followers of

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the seder in a different way. The Haggadah recommends answering each son according to his question, using one of the three verses in the Torah that refer to this exchange.

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is placed between two small pieces of matzo, similarly to how the contents of a sandwich are placed between two slices of bread, and eaten. This follows the tradition of

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The entire order of Hallel which is usually recited in the synagogue on Jewish holidays is also recited at the Seder table, albeit sitting down. The first two psalms,

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miniatures depicting Passover rituals, Biblical and Midrashic episodes, and symbolic foods. A facsimile edition was published by Facsimile Editions of London in 1992.

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Afterwards the Fourth Cup of Wine is drunk and a brief Grace for the "fruit of the vine" is said. In some Ashkenazic communities following in the tradition of Rabbi

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The story of Passover, and the change from slavery to freedom is told. At this point in the Seder, Sefardic Jews (North African) have a custom of raising the

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In the late 1980s, Jewish feminists introduced the idea of placing a "Cup of Miriam" filled with water (to represent the well that existed as long as

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explain differently, but which evidently was similar to the benediction thanking God, "who loves the songs of praise," used in the present ritual.

4552: 1646: 364:. Existing manuscripts do not go back beyond the thirteenth century. When such a volume was compiled, it became customary to add poetical pieces. 1672: 809:

Some modern Haggadot mention "children" instead of "sons", and some have added a fifth child. The fifth child can represent the children of the

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One of the most ancient parts is the recital of the "Hallel", which, according to the Mishnah (Pesachim 5:7), was sung at the sacrifice in the

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Hagadah Ḳaraimtsa ṿe-Rustsa = Povi͡estvovanīe na Paskhu po-karaimski i po-russki, Abraham Firkowitsch, Vilʹna : Tip. I. T͡Sīonsona, 1907

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Partakers wash their hands in preparation for eating wet fruit and vegetables, which happens in the next stage. Technically, according to

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nineteenth century, when 1,269 separate editions were produced, that a significant shift is seen toward printed Haggadot as opposed to

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immediately following the Hallel proper, i.e. at the end of Psalm 118, except for the concluding words. After Nishmat, they recite

440:– serving as texts for the celebration of Passover, but also as marketing tools and ways of showing that certain foods are kosher. 378:

The earliest surviving Haggadot produced as works in their own right are manuscripts from the 13th and 14th centuries, such as the

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are stacked on the seder table; at this stage, the middle matzah of the three is broken in half. According to the custom of the

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Why is it that on all other nights during the year we eat either leavened bread or matza, but on this night we eat only matza?

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one of the most important is that of the four children, representing four different attitudes towards why Jews should observe

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The oldest surviving complete manuscript of the Haggadah dates to the 10th century. It is part of a prayer book compiled by

4558: 3879: 2491: 1927: 4621: 4489: 4484: 3672: 3657: 3421: 3376: 3121: 280:, who discussed the Exodus all night with four other rabbis, which tale is found in an altogether different form in the 201: 181: 4692: 4586: 4571: 3452: 3312: 1591: 1084:, which was hidden earlier in the Seder, is traditionally the last morsel of food eaten by participants in the Seder. 829:(26:5–8) are then expounded, with an elaborate, traditional commentary. ("5. And thou shalt speak and say before the L 1036:, who did the same at his Seder table 2,000 years ago (except that in Hillel's day the Paschal sacrifice, matzo, and 639:

and others, only two matzot are used, and the top one is broken. The larger piece is hidden, to be used later as the

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the European Jewish community developed into groups that reacted in different ways to modifications of the Haggadah.

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for the plagues is also introduced: "D'tzach Adash B'achav", while similarly spilling a drop of wine for each word.

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of the French Jews in the Middle Ages, as well as Italian Jews until fairly recently was to recite both blessings.

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Why is it that on all other nights we dine either sitting upright or reclining, but on this night we all recline?

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from 1540 according to the Italian rite. In modern Italian haggadot, the Ashkenazic practice has been adopted.

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The Seder concludes with a prayer that the night's service be accepted. A hope for the Messiah is expressed: "

1650: 1382: 1357: 4529: 4518: 4112: 4033: 3738: 3637: 3576: 3556: 3462: 3435: 2668: 1957: 465: 457: 398: 324: 1501: 1323:, engage in Torah learning, or continue talking about the events of the Exodus until sleep overtakes them. 973:(which will be concluded after the meal). A long blessing is recited, and the second cup of wine is drunk. 4702: 4565: 4535: 3598: 2982: 2673: 768:

You should reply to him with the laws of pesach: one may not eat any dessert after the paschal sacrifice.

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Why is it that on all other nights we eat all kinds of vegetables, but on this night we eat bitter herbs?

645:, the "dessert" after the meal. The smaller piece is returned to its place between the other two matzot. 4591: 4512: 4294: 4001: 3884: 3625: 3615: 3608: 3593: 3479: 2900: 2817: 2453: 1909: 413: 2642: 1277: 1676: 4626: 4616: 4119: 3091: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2563: 2375: 1152: 657: 552: 476:(Rylands Hebrew MS. 6) is one of the finest Haggadot in the world. It was written and illuminated in 371: 328: 311: 277: 118:

periods, although the exact date is unknown. It could not have been written earlier than the time of

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accepted certain fixed texts as authoritative and normative, and prohibited any changes to the text.

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Bava Batra 46b, who states that every time the Talmud says Rav Nachman it is Rav Nachman bar Yaakov

1299: 969:, with scriptural sources. Then follows a short prayer, and the recital of the first two psalms of 509: 402: 252:) was the originator of the present collection, as he was the redactor of the daily liturgy in the 197: 174:(who was a student of Judah bar Ilia and the teacher of Abba Arika and Samuel) the compiler of the 4606: 4601: 4412: 4134: 4011: 4006: 3991: 3961: 3914: 3837: 3743: 3603: 3176: 3081: 3048: 2910: 2663: 1332: 1256: 740:

Why is it that on all other nights we do not dip even once, but on this night we dip them twice?

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The matzot are uncovered, and referred to as the "bread of affliction". Participants declare in

66:. According to Jewish practice, reading the Haggadah at the Seder table is a fulfillment of the 4390: 4321: 4203: 4188: 3971: 3842: 3807: 3096: 2678: 2418: 2399: 2379: 2088: 1618: 1569: 1557: 1437: 851: 606:(Ashkenazi custom said to serve as a reminder of the tears shed by their enslaved ancestors), 505: 417: 394: 1259:, the fourth cup is not drunk until after the recitation of some of the piyyutim of Nirtzah. 4456: 4424: 4385: 4356: 4339: 4289: 4090: 3899: 3832: 3785: 3733: 3701: 3692: 3677: 3551: 3526: 3502: 3386: 3317: 3234: 3101: 2548: 2183: 1059:

The festive meal is eaten. Traditionally it begins with the charred egg on the Seder plate.

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of the retribution God will levy over the enemies of the Jewish people at the end of days.

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Mann, Vivian B., "Observations on the Biblical Miniatures in Spanish Haggadot", p.167, in

687: 390: 379: 300: 289: 47: 1476: 4067: 2448: 2443: 934:(killing of the first-born) – All the first-born sons of the Egyptians were slain by God 4670: 4645: 4466: 4373: 4331: 4311: 4299: 4279: 4193: 4183: 4151: 4144: 4124: 4095: 4062: 4028: 3938: 3862: 3852: 3790: 3588: 3536: 3447: 3442: 3204: 3199: 3134: 3063: 2987: 2951: 2797: 2637: 2614: 2533: 2515: 2367: 2081: 1270: 1129: 1125: 1107: 677: 525: 428: 352:. It is now believed that the Haggadah first became produced as an independent book in 335: 119: 79: 75: 63: 1051: 984:

The ritual hand-washing is repeated, this time with all customs including a blessing.

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heard our voice, and saw our affliction, and our toil, and our oppression. 8 And the L

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What are the statutes, the testimonies, and the laws that God has commanded you to do?

484:, New York, in the exhibition 'The Rylands Haggadah: Medieval Jewish Art in Context'. 4686: 4439: 4284: 4211: 4018: 3952: 3925: 3874: 3822: 3795: 3770: 3760: 3521: 3467: 3401: 3381: 3371: 3366: 3339: 3285: 3214: 3159: 2977: 2787: 2741: 2683: 1337: 1320: 956: 810: 753: 661: 617: 583: 513: 469: 361: 171: 90: 2392: 1934:. David Silverberg (trans.). Alon Shvut, Israel: Yeshivat Har Etzion. Archived from 4419: 4216: 4178: 4139: 3728: 3472: 3411: 3391: 3351: 3334: 3302: 3290: 3251: 3169: 3144: 2930: 2827: 2777: 2751: 2647: 894:(wild animals) – An infestation of wild animals (some say flies) sprang up in Egypt 397:(late fourteenth century). Other significant medieval illustrated haggadot are the 209: 2792: 2467: 1087:

Each participant receives an at least olive-sized portion of matzo to be eaten as

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who have drifted so far from Jewish life that they do not participate in a Seder.

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With a strong hand the Almighty led us out from Egypt, from the house of bondage.

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requires that this invitation be repeated in the native language of the country.

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European) and Sephardi (Spanish, North African, and Middle Eastern) communities.

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A Special Collection of Haggadot for Passover at the National Library of Israel

1935: 272:; it is slightly altered in the present ritual. Other rabbinic quotes from the 178:. The Malbim theorized that the Haggadah was written by Judah ha-Nasi himself. 4523: 4230: 3812: 3406: 3154: 3076: 2853: 2726: 2627: 2528: 2462: 1309: 1304: 1228: 636: 572: 453: 433: 357: 304: 242: 134: 86: 83: 1916:. Thus Aaron: he is simple in that with facilitated investigative capacity... 4444: 3909: 3800: 3711: 3329: 3263: 2961: 2925: 1287: 1210: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 882: 602:

Each participant dips a sprig of parsley or similar leafy green into either

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This article is about the Passover Haggadah. For the genre in general, see

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In many traditions, the front door of the house is opened at this point.

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It is believed that the first printed Haggadot were produced in 1482, in

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a blessing for the Redemption is to be said. This blessing, according to

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At this part in the Seder, songs of praise are sung, including the song

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According to Jewish tradition, the Haggadah was compiled during the

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an invitation to all who are hungry or needy to join in the Seder.

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79:6–7 is recited in both Ashkenazi and Sephardi traditions, plus

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It is because of what the Almighty did for me when I left Egypt.

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developed their own Haggadot which they use to the present day.

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Following the Seder, those who are still awake may recite the

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Although the Jewish printing community was quick to adopt the

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is a blessing similar to that which is recited on all of the

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associated with the Grace after Meals on special occasions.

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are here -in exile-, next year we will be in Israel free".

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The earliest Ashkenazi illuminated Haggada is known as the

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Exodus in the Jewish Experience: Echoes and Reverberations

1675:. Library.manchester.ac.uk. 26 March 2012. Archived from 1011:(bitter herbs) is recited and then it is dipped into the 900:(pestilence) – A plague killed off the Egyptian livestock 2439:

Haggadot.com: Let's Make Your Passover Haggadah Together

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Haggadah for Passover with Collected Customs and Reasons

1868:"Judaism 101: Pesach Seder: How is This Night Different" 1222:

There are a number of opinions concerning the paragraph

2398:. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America. 416:. The oldest confirmed printed Haggadah was printed in 32:

Page from the illuminated Darmstadt Haggadah, Germany,

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Note: The Third Cup is customarily poured before the

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wish to follow a seder according to Jewish tradition.

204:, only the first chapter shall be recited. After the 1193:, are recited before the meal. The remaining psalms 875:(frogs) – An infestation of frogs sprang up in Egypt 660:

over the heads of all those present while chanting:

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Text that sets forth the order of the Passover Seder

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The Hagada – Peninei Halakha, HaRav Eliezer Melamed

813:who did not survive to ask a question or represent 730:Why is this night different from all other nights? 185:Page from the Golden Haggadah, probably Barcelona, 2391: 2080: 1302:will soon be rebuilt. The last song to be sung is 1128:is recited because the Third Cup also serves as a 468:, made in Germany around the 1320s and now in the 2079:Scherman, Nosson; Zlotowitz, Meir, eds. (1994) . 2074: 2072: 1908:, "Mosheh, our Master"; who must be initiated is 2184:"Chabad.org: 11. Shulchan Orech – set the table" 1213:(the Great Hallel) is then recited, followed by 802:And the one who does not know to ask is told, " 1886: 1884: 1699:"Hebrew manuscripts; the John Rylands Library" 1649:. Jerusalem: The Israel Museum. Archived from 231:In post-Talmudic times, during the era of the 3018: 2492: 8: 2468:Several English translations of the Haggadah 869:(blood) – All the water was changed to blood 4507:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 616:(older Sephardi custom; still common among 3187: 3025: 3011: 3003: 2885: 2716: 2707: 2610: 2559: 2499: 2485: 2477: 1985:. Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations 1701:. Library.manchester.ac.uk. Archived from 1502:"The Four Sons: How the Midrash Developed" 1477:"The Mekhilta: Halakhic Midrash on Exodus" 1292:L'shanah haba'ah b'Yerushalayim hab'nuyah! 928:(darkness) – Egypt was covered in darkness 848:with a strong hand and an outstretched arm 95:with a strong hand and an outstretched arm 74:to tell their children the story from the 2254:Eisenberg, Joyce; Scolnic, Ellen (2006). 1592:"101 Years of the Maxwell House Haggadah" 3054:Index of Jewish history-related articles 1282:– Next year in Jerusalem!" Jews in 850:, and with great terribleness, and with 520:Passover Seder according to the Haggadah 447: 4553:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 1349: 1294:– Next year in the rebuilt Jerusalem!" 1121:The drinking of the Third Cup of Wine. 504:Other illuminated Haggadot include the 1958:"The Four Children - Jewish Tradition" 1932:Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash 1432:Taub, Jonathan; Shaw, Yisroel (1993). 922:(locusts) – Locusts swarmed over Egypt 690:, inscribed with the opening words of 276:literature are added, as the story of 62:text that sets forth the order of the 1647:"Birds' Head Haggadah, Germany, 1300" 534:(blessings and the first cup of wine) 7: 1201:, are recited at this point (in the 1226:which normally follows Hallel, and 1007:The blessing for the eating of the 838:, the God of our parents, and the L 268:and from a parallel passage in the 51: 4500:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 4480:American Jewish Historical Society 1244:in its entirety. Sephardim recite 264:. This division is taken from the 159:), while others maintain this was 14: 916:(hail) – Hail rained from the sky 686:A bronze matzo plate designed by 541:is the Hebrew imperative form of 200:, and of which, according to the 4664: 4651: 4650: 2454:Yale University Haggadah Exhibit 2444:My Jewish Learning: The Haggadah 2390:Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim (1974). 563: 2415:A Haggadah For The Nonobservant 1091:. After the consumption of the 627:(breaking of the middle matzah) 4572:Relations with other religions 846:brought us forth out of Egypt 241:were added; most likely Rabbi 1: 4559:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 2087:. Mesorah Publications, Ltd. 1590:Cohen, Anne (23 March 2013). 383: 246: 186: 153: 142: 123: 33: 4490:Leo Baeck Institute New York 4485:American Sephardi Federation 2458:You Shall Tell Your Children 2349:Schneerson, Rabbi Menachem M 1890:Talmud Bavli, Pesachim, 116a 778:It is because God acted for 774:What is this service to you? 3313:Constantinopolitan Karaites 2952:Challah from Shmurah Matzah 991:(blessings over the Matzah) 791:The simple son, who asks, " 772:The wicked son, who asks, " 4719: 4541:National Library of Israel 3182:Zionism, race and genetics 2906:Eve of Passover on Shabbat 2554:White House Passover Seder 2295:Machzor Kimcha De-Avishuna 2256:Dictionary of Jewish Words 1286:, and especially those in 1268: 1073: 751: 715: 675: 595: 523: 482:Metropolitan Museum of Art 15: 4639: 4495:Yeshiva University Museum 4475:Center for Jewish History 3044: 2359:Kehot Publication Society 1904:, defined precisely also 1248:alone after Nishmat. The 1236:. Most Ashkenazim recite 1232:, which normally follows 980:(ritual washing of hands) 906:(boils) – An epidemic of 672:(invitation to the Seder) 270:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael 228:in the third century CE. 3087:Ancient Israel and Judah 2849:Flourless chocolate cake 2372:Artscroll youth haggadah 1137:Kos shel Eliyahu ha-Navi 161:Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak 3463:North African Sephardim 3436:Jewish tribes of Arabia 2413:Mishkin, Edwin (2010). 1155:3:66 among Ashkenazim. 1117:(the Third Cup of Wine) 910:afflicted the Egyptians 852:signs, and with wonders 512:, and the 20th-century 491:Published in 1526, the 444:Illuminated manuscripts 325:Modern Orthodox Judaism 4566:Holocaust Encyclopedia 4536:Jewish Virtual Library 2674:Maxwell House Haggadah 2364:Scherman, Rabbi Nosson 1619:"Letter to the Editor" 1056: 1040:were eaten together.) 694: 586:do recite a blessing. 461: 438:Maxwell House Haggadah 375: 310:During the era of the 193: 150:Rav Nachman bar Yaakov 133:to be quoted therein. 39: 4513:Encyclopaedia Judaica 4295:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 3480:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 3230:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 2901:Fast of the Firstborn 2368:Zlotowitz, Rabbi Meir 1475:Lauterbach, Jacob Z, 1055:A Seder table setting 1054: 685: 652:(relating the Exodus) 610:(Sephardi custom) or 596:Further information: 555:, but also refers to 451: 370: 356:form around 1000 CE. 184: 129:), who is the latest 54:, "telling"; plural: 31: 3092:Second Temple period 2669:Birds' Head Haggadah 2394:Haggadah and History 2376:Mesorah Publications 1580:Yerushalmi pp. 23–24 1500:Farber, Zev (2019), 795:" is answered with " 712:(The Four Questions) 553:pilgrimage festivals 466:Birds' Head Haggadah 458:Birds' Head Haggadah 399:Birds' Head Haggadah 382:(probably Barcelona 329:Conservative Judaism 278:Eliezer ben Hurcanus 4530:Jewish Encyclopedia 4275:Hekhalot literature 4086:Religious movements 3621:Judeo-Tripolitanian 2689:Washington Haggadah 2083:The Family Haggadah 1983:"CSJO: Fifth Child" 1624:Commentary Magazine 1434:The Malbim Haggadah 1102:(Grace after Meals) 762:The wise son asks " 510:Washington Haggadah 403:Washington Haggadah 198:Temple in Jerusalem 4693:Haggadah of Pesach 4671:Judaism portal 4607:Jews and Halloween 4602:Jews and Christmas 3992:Rabbinic authority 3744:Judaeo-Piedmontese 3177:Xueta Christianity 3082:Origins of Judaism 3049:Outline of Judaism 2911:Passover sacrifice 2664:Amsterdam Haggadah 2587:Maror and Chazeret 2544:"Outstretched Arm" 2308:Rodelheim Haggadah 1926:Bazak, Rav Amnon. 1481:My Jewish Learning 1383:"Pesachim 116a:12" 1358:"Pesachim 116a:11" 1333:The Exodus Decoded 1290:, recite instead " 1257:Meir of Rothenburg 1057: 885:were afflicted by 695: 472:in Jerusalem. The 462: 410:Guadalajara, Spain 376: 344:Manuscript history 237:, selections from 194: 139:Samuel of Nehardea 40: 4698:Positive Mitzvoth 4680: 4679: 4646:extinct languages 4547:YIVO Encyclopedia 4322:Hebrew literature 4290:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 4130:Reconstructionist 3808:Judaeo-Portuguese 3497: 3496: 3453:Eastern Sephardim 3097:Synagogal Judaism 3000: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2877: 2876: 2806: 2805: 2697: 2696: 2679:Sarajevo Haggadah 2600: 2599: 2424:978-0-557-28494-8 2417:. Raleigh: lulu. 2405:978-0-8276-0046-1 2094:978-0-89906-178-8 1443:978-1-56871-007-5 1181:(songs of praise) 1126:Grace after Meals 506:Sarajevo Haggadah 454:Exodus from Egypt 418:Soncino, Lombardy 395:Sarajevo Haggadah 202:school of Shammai 4710: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4654: 4653: 3786:Judeo-Golpaygani 3387:Palestinian Jews 3362:Alexandrian Jews 3318:Crimean Karaites 3235:Unterlander Jews 3188: 3102:Rabbinic Judaism 3027: 3020: 3013: 3004: 2886: 2717: 2708: 2611: 2560: 2501: 2494: 2487: 2478: 2428: 2409: 2397: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2317: 2311: 2304: 2298: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2266: 2260: 2259: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2086: 2076: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2023: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1923: 1917: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1839: 1833: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1730: 1724: 1723:Yerushalmi p. 34 1721: 1715: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1587: 1581: 1578: 1572: 1550: 1544: 1541: 1535: 1531: 1525: 1522: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1506:www.thetorah.com 1497: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1487: 1472: 1466: 1463: 1457: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1436:. 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1355: 1351: 1346: 1329: 1280:b'Yerushalayim! 1278:L'Shana Haba'ah 1273: 1267: 1205:section, after 1183: 1145: 1130:Cup of Blessing 1119: 1106:The recital of 1104: 1078: 1072: 1066:(eating of the 1049: 1026: 1005: 993: 982: 932:Makkat Bechorot 843: 839: 835: 830: 825:Four verses in 823: 756: 750: 720: 714: 688:Maurice Ascalon 680: 674: 654: 629: 600: 594: 569: 536: 528: 522: 446: 420:in 1486 by the 391:British Library 386: 380:Golden Haggadah 346: 249: 189: 156: 145: 126: 108: 103: 36: 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 4716: 4714: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4685: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4660: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4613:non-Christian 4611: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4569: 4562: 4555: 4550: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4509: 4504: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4471: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4459: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4415: 4405: 4404: 4403: 4398: 4388: 4383: 4382: 4381: 4371: 4370: 4369: 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3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3265: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3160:Lists of Jews 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3028: 3023: 3021: 3016: 3014: 3009: 3008: 3005: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2978:Song of Songs 2976: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 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August 1969 1626: 1625: 1620: 1614: 1611: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1586: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1562:1-4985-0293-8 1559: 1555: 1549: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1530: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1507: 1503: 1496: 1493: 1482: 1478: 1471: 1468: 1462: 1459: 1456:Pesachim 116a 1453: 1450: 1445: 1439: 1435: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1403: 1400: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1375: 1363: 1359: 1353: 1350: 1343: 1339: 1338:Szyk Haggadah 1336: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1321:Song of Songs 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1272: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1077: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1053: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1002: 999: 997: 990: 987: 985: 979: 976: 974: 972: 968: 967: 962: 958: 954: 953: 947: 945: 942: 933: 930: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 905: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 888: 884: 881:(lice) – The 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 864: 863: 861: 855: 853: 849: 828: 820: 818: 816: 812: 807: 805: 800: 798: 794: 793:What is this? 789: 787: 785: 781: 775: 770: 769: 765: 760: 755: 754:The Four Sons 748:The Four Sons 747: 742: 739: 736: 733: 732: 731: 728: 725: 719: 711: 708: 706: 704: 700: 693: 689: 684: 679: 671: 668: 666: 663: 662:Moroccan Jews 659: 651: 648: 646: 644: 643: 638: 634: 626: 623: 621: 619: 618:Yemenite Jews 615: 614: 609: 605: 599: 592: 589: 587: 585: 584:Gaon of Vilna 581: 576: 574: 566: 561: 558: 554: 550: 546: 545: 540: 533: 530: 527: 519: 517: 515: 514:Szyk Haggadah 511: 507: 502: 499: 494: 489: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 470:Israel Museum 467: 459: 455: 450: 443: 441: 439: 435: 430: 425: 423: 419: 415: 411: 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 381: 373: 369: 365: 363: 362:Mishneh Torah 359: 355: 351: 343: 337: 334: 330: 326: 323: 320: 317: 316: 315: 313: 312:Enlightenment 308: 306: 303:and also the 302: 297: 293: 291: 285: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 244: 240: 236: 235: 229: 227: 222: 220: 219: 213: 211: 207: 203: 199: 183: 179: 177: 173: 172:Judah ha-Nasi 169: 166:However, the 164: 162: 157: 280 CE 151: 146: 230 CE 140: 136: 132: 127: 170 CE 121: 117: 113: 105: 100: 98: 96: 92: 88: 85: 82:bringing the 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 49: 45: 30: 26: 19: 4662: 4655: 4641: 4564: 4557: 4545: 4528: 4511: 4345:perspectives 4179:Samaritanism 4140:Neo-Hasidism 4120:Conservative 4034:Names of God 3943: 3924: 3734:Judaeo-Greek 3729:Judeo-Gascon 3668:Lishán Didán 3663:Lishana Deni 3631:Judeo-Yemeni 3599:Judeo-Arabic 3473:Meshuchrarim 3392:Persian Jews 3325:Kurdish Jews 3303:Kaifeng Jews 3252:Beta Abraham 3215:Galitzianers 3170:Antisemitism 3145:Israeli Jews 3130:Assimilation 2940:Laws/customs 2931:Pesach Sheni 2828:Potato kugel 2811:Main courses 2783:René Neymann 2778:Manischewitz 2752:Matzah pizza 2648:Vehi Sheamda 2605: 2470:, hosted by 2457: 2414: 2393: 2371: 2352: 2343:Bibliography 2328:. 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Retrieved 1595: 1585: 1576: 1570:google books 1553: 1548: 1539: 1529: 1520: 1509:, retrieved 1505: 1495: 1484:, retrieved 1480: 1470: 1465:Pesachim 34b 1461: 1452: 1433: 1427: 1415: 1402: 1390:. Retrieved 1386: 1377: 1365:. Retrieved 1361: 1352: 1318: 1303: 1296: 1291: 1276: 1274: 1263: 1254: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1227: 1223: 1221: 1214: 1206: 1202: 1184: 1178: 1169: 1160: 1157: 1153:Lamentations 1146: 1143:the Prophet) 1136: 1123: 1120: 1114: 1105: 1099: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1044: 1037: 1029: 1027: 1021: 1012: 1008: 1006: 1000: 994: 989:Motzi Matzah 988: 983: 977: 964: 957:Paschal lamb 950: 948: 937: 931: 925: 919: 913: 903: 897: 891: 878: 872: 866: 856: 824: 808: 803: 801: 796: 792: 790: 783: 779: 777: 773: 771: 767: 763: 761: 757: 729: 721: 710:Ma Nishtanah 709: 696: 691: 669: 655: 649: 640: 630: 624: 611: 607: 603: 601: 590: 577: 570: 567:(wash hands) 564: 548: 542: 538: 537: 531: 503: 490: 486: 463: 426: 407: 377: 347: 309: 298: 294: 286: 257: 232: 230: 225: 223: 216: 214: 210:Rabbi Tarfon 195: 165: 109: 55: 43: 41: 25: 4587:Catholicism 4169:Hellenistic 4007:Eschatology 3945:Lachoudisch 3870:Lotegorisch 3848:Lachoudisch 3838:Koiné Greek 3751:Judeo-Latin 3688:Palestinian 3582:Palestinian 3431:Mustaʿravim 3357:Afghan Jews 3345:Berber Jews 3269:Bene Israel 3257:Falash Mura 3247:Beta Israel 3165:Persecution 3107:Middle Ages 2916:Chol HaMoed 2889:Observances 2864:Marunchinos 2757:Matzoquiles 2747:Matzah meal 2737:Matzah brei 2732:Matzah ball 2549:Ten Plagues 2539:Ma Nishtana 2351:. (1946), 1962:yahadut.org 1597:Forward.com 1246:Yehalelukha 1238:Yehalelukha 1224:Yehalelukha 1115:Kos Shlishi 1017:and eaten. 873:Tzefardeyah 860:Ten Plagues 827:Deuteronomy 786:left Egypt. 718:Ma Nishtana 658:Seder plate 434:manuscripts 387: 1320 350:Saadia Gaon 256:. Of these 190: 1320 37: 1420 4687:Categories 4582:Anabaptism 4524:Jew (word) 4391:Leadership 4204:Literature 4189:Secularism 4135:Humanistic 4002:Conversion 3972:Philosophy 3813:Judeo-Urdu 3577:Babylonian 3422:Saada Jews 3407:Adeni Jews 3200:Ashkenazim 3155:Samaritans 3122:Population 3077:Israelites 2854:Hadji bada 2844:Egg kichel 2727:Chremslach 2628:Chad Gadya 2529:The Exodus 1989:18 October 1631:4 February 1344:References 1310:Vilna Gaon 1305:Chad Gadya 1242:Yishtabakh 1229:Yishtabakh 1047:(the meal) 1024:(sandwich) 782:sake when 637:Vilna Gaon 604:salt water 573:Jewish law 393:) and the 358:Maimonides 305:Samaritans 250: 850 243:Amram Gaon 163:(360 CE). 135:Abba Arika 106:Authorship 84:Israelites 4644:indicate 4592:Mormonism 4577:Christian 4457:Symbolism 4445:Synagogue 4425:Mythology 4386:Education 4357:Astronomy 4340:Astrology 4157:relations 3962:Zarphatic 3910:Galitzish 3712:Yeshivish 3589:Catalanic 3552:Samaritan 3527:Ashkenazi 3508:Diasporic 3503:Languages 3448:Sephardim 3443:Romaniote 3330:Krymchaks 3264:Desi Jews 3140:Buddhists 2962:Gebrochts 2926:Isru Chag 2882:Religious 2793:Rakusen's 2766:Companies 2321:"Mercava" 2270:"Mercava" 2230:"Mercava" 2205:"Mercava" 2159:"Mercava" 2134:"Mercava" 2109:"Mercava" 2052:"Mercava" 2027:"Mercava" 1843:"Mercava" 1809:"Mercava" 1784:"Mercava" 1759:"Mercava" 1734:"Mercava" 1709:15 August 1683:15 August 1288:Jerusalem 1211:Psalm 136 883:Egyptians 258:midrashim 239:midrashim 4657:Category 4627:Hinduism 4617:Buddhism 4519:Genetics 4435:Politics 4408:Marriage 4367:Holidays 4362:Calendar 4243:Rabbinic 4219:/Hebrew 4164:Haymanot 4091:Orthodox 4078:Branches 4051:Kabbalah 4046:Haskalah 4024:Holiness 3900:dialects 3880:Shassagh 3843:Krymchak 3823:Kayliñña 3717:Yinglish 3693:Galilean 3683:Talmudic 3678:Biblical 3653:Betanure 3572:Biblical 3567:Mishnaic 3562:Medieval 3547:Tiberian 3542:Yemenite 3532:Sephardi 3468:Paradesi 3412:Ḥabbanim 3402:Teimanim 3367:Baghdadi 3340:Maghrebi 3308:Karaites 3286:Gruzínim 3274:Kochinim 3192:Diaspora 3150:Karaites 3135:Atheists 3072:Timeline 2957:Kitniyot 2869:Meringue 2859:Macaroon 2837:Desserts 2773:Streit's 2606:Haggadah 2577:Charoset 2524:Afikoman 2508:Passover 2330:28 April 2306:See the 2279:28 April 2239:28 April 2214:28 April 2168:28 April 2143:28 April 2118:28 April 2061:28 April 2036:28 April 2011:20 March 1942:12 March 1852:28 April 1818:28 April 1793:28 April 1768:26 April 1743:26 April 1603:17 April 1511:12 March 1486:12 March 1327:See also 1314:allegory 1139:(cup of 1093:afikoman 1089:afikoman 1082:afikoman 1076:Afikoman 1068:afikoman 1014:charoset 978:Rachtzah 941:mnemonic 926:Choshech 642:afikoman 613:charoset 565:Ur'chatz 414:colophon 401:and the 301:Karaites 262:Passover 116:Talmudic 112:Mishnaic 70:to each 56:Haggadot 52:הַגָּדָה 44:Haggadah 4642:Italics 4467:Studies 4413:Divorce 4379:Kashrut 4374:Cuisine 4332:Culture 4263:Midrash 4258:Tosefta 4248:Mishnah 4236:Ketuvim 4231:Nevi'im 4194:Schisms 4184:Science 4174:Karaite 4145:Renewal 4106:Litvaks 4101:Hasidic 4056:Sefirot 4041:Halakha 4012:Messiah 3985:Mitzvah 3980:Beliefs 3934:Western 3920:Poylish 3915:Litvish 3905:Eastern 3895:Yiddish 3890:Shuadit 3875:Qwareña 3863:Tetuani 3858:Haketia 3833:Knaanic 3828:Kivruli 3776:Bukhori 3722:Heblish 3658:Hulaulá 3648:Barzani 3604:Yahudic 3537:Mizrahi 3397:Urfalim 3352:Mizrahi 3296:Neofiti 3291:Italkim 3220:Lita'im 3112:Zionism 3064:History 3038:Judaism 2971:Prayers 2947:Chametz 2921:Mimouna 2818:Brisket 2623:Adir Hu 2572:Beitzah 2472:Sefaria 2325:Mercava 2274:Mercava 2234:Mercava 2209:Mercava 2163:Mercava 2138:Mercava 2113:Mercava 2056:Mercava 2031:Mercava 1967:3 April 1847:Mercava 1813:Mercava 1788:Mercava 1763:Mercava 1738:Mercava 1657:2 March 1408:Tosafot 1392:3 April 1367:3 April 1264:Nirtzah 1234:Nishmat 1216:Nishmat 1207:Bareich 1100:Bareich 1022:Koreich 944:acronym 904:Sh'chin 724:Mishnah 703:Halakha 699:Aramaic 625:Yachatz 608:vinegar 582:or the 549:Kiddush 547:. 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