200:
127:
450:
397:
446:
37:
449:
497:
451:
559:
which were both previously estimated to be higher. However, it has a low oxidation resistance, with the oxidation starting at temperatures as low as 430 °C. Experimental testing in 2018 confirmed the higher melting point yielding a result of 3,982 (±30°C) with a small possibility that the
551:. Previously the material was estimated to have a melting point of about 3,900 °C. More recent tests have been able to conclusively prove that the substance has an even higher melting point of 3,958 °C exceeding those of
405:
377:
567:(HfCN), could have a melting point exceeding even that of hafnium carbide. Experimental evidence gathered in 2020 confirmed that it did indeed have a higher melting point exceeding 4,000 °C, with more recent
467:
946:
620:
Because of the technical complexity and high cost of the synthesis, HfC has a very limited use, despite its favorable properties such as high hardness (greater than 9 Mohs) and melting point.
510:
752:
Cedillos-Barraza, Omar; Manara, Dario; Boboridis, K.; Watkins, Tyson; Grasso, Salvatore; Jayaseelan, Daniel D.; Konings, Rudy J. M.; Reece, Michael J.; Lee, William E. (2016).
452:
460:
249:
1152:
605:
with carbon at 1,800 to 2,000 °C. A long processing time is required to remove all oxygen. Alternatively, high-purity HfC coatings can be obtained by
811:
1118:
1087:
736:
2383:
568:
968:"Controlled nitrogen content synthesis of hafnium carbonitride powders by carbonizing hafnium nitride for enhanced ablation properties"
1404:
1287:
695:
474:
214:
1110:
1145:
1047:
2388:
517:
178:
966:
Dai, Yu; Zeng, Fanhao; Liu, Honghao; Gao, Yafang; Yang, Qiaobin; Chen, Meiyan; Huang, Rui; Gu, Yi (15 October 2023).
2378:
1138:
809:
Shimada, Shiro (October 1992). "Oxidation
Kinetics of Hafnium Carbide in the Temperature Range of 480° to 600°C".
606:
134:
1355:
660:
556:
396:
1267:
899:"Prediction of the material with highest known melting point from ab initio molecular dynamics calculations"
716:
1911:
1733:
1106:
Disorder and Order in
Strongly Nonstoichiometric Compounds: Transition Metal Carbides, Nitrides, and Oxides
122:
2301:
2185:
1397:
2007:
1653:
84:
2311:
2241:
2225:
2201:
2064:
1787:
1774:
1665:
1251:
1243:
419:
389:
2273:
2193:
1893:
1807:
1589:
2217:
2209:
2076:
2047:
1990:
1842:
1812:
1741:
1679:
754:"Investigating the highest melting temperature materials: A laser melting study of the TaC-HFC system"
2265:
2249:
2233:
2052:
2038:
2020:
1967:
1931:
1902:
1864:
1721:
1636:
1631:
1564:
1532:
1367:
1323:
1235:
910:
851:
765:
665:
614:
591:
564:
345:
195:
2257:
2177:
2029:
1936:
1769:
1500:
1382:
36:
2289:
1825:
1560:
1199:
586:
Hafnium carbide is usually carbon deficient and therefore its composition is often expressed as HfC
50:
1795:
1950:
1879:
1452:
1259:
1011:
987:
967:
635:
at larger x. An inverse behavior (dia-paramagnetic transition with increasing x) is observed for
2373:
2316:
2293:
2169:
1869:
1854:
1817:
1783:
1619:
1598:
1548:
1472:
1390:
1339:
1331:
1303:
1161:
1114:
1104:
1083:
1003:
995:
928:
879:
791:
732:
720:
691:
602:
540:
339:
104:
838:
Ushakov, Sergey V.; Navrotsky, Alexandra; Hong, Qi-Jun; van de Walle, Axel (26 August 2019).
583:
phase to have a melting point as high as 4,110 ± 62 °C, highest known for any material.
2015:
2003:
1716:
1711:
1643:
1624:
1614:
1577:
1223:
1194:
1175:
1056:
979:
918:
869:
859:
820:
781:
773:
655:
636:
552:
322:
272:
947:"Scientists Create World's Most Heat Resistant Material with Potential Use for Spaceplanes"
60:
2306:
1874:
1832:
1669:
1610:
1537:
1460:
1311:
914:
855:
769:
199:
126:
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1957:
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1541:
1489:
874:
839:
824:
786:
753:
728:
488:
349:
2367:
1481:
1015:
311:
166:
115:
1045:
carbides from X-ray spectroscopy studies and cluster self-consistent calculations".
1029:
Lavrentyev, A.A.; Gabrelian, B.V.; Vorzhev, V.B.; Nikiforov, I.Ya.; Khyzhun, O.Yu.;
2081:
1436:
1030:
983:
628:
17:
1060:
632:
357:
1103:
Aleksandr
Ivanovich Gusev; Andreĭ Andreevich Rempel; Andreas J. Magerl (2001).
923:
898:
1757:
1007:
283:
95:
999:
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795:
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Atomistic simulations conducted in 2015 predicted that a similar compound,
1525:
1509:
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1414:
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610:
544:
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301:
153:
135:
777:
1505:
951:
548:
536:
1130:
487:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
83:
73:
1386:
1134:
690:(86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. pp. 4–44 ff.
425:
183:
444:
505:
1074:
James F. Shackelford; William
Alexander, eds. (2001).
642:, despite its having the same crystal structure as HfC
1211:
1187:
1168:
1033:(26 August 2008). "Electronic structure of cubic Hf
725:Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry
571:molecular dynamics calculations predicting the HfC
594:(rock-salt) crystal structure at any value of x.
840:"Carbides and Nitrides of Zirconium and Hafnium"
165:
448:
196:DTXSID501027098 DTXSID00923528, DTXSID501027098
59:
1076:CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook
1398:
1146:
684:Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds in
8:
316:3,958 °C (7,156 °F; 4,231 K)
1405:
1391:
1383:
1153:
1139:
1131:
597:Hafnium carbide powder is obtained by the
198:
125:
103:
28:
922:
897:Hong, Qi-Jun; van de Walle, Axel (2015).
873:
863:
785:
812:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
677:
560:melting point may even exceed 4,000°C.
254:
219:
194:
1442:
1413:Salts and covalent derivatives of the
116:
2158:
688:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
226:Key: NVDNLVYQHRUYJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
7:
1425:
711:
709:
707:
236:Key: NVDNLVYQHRUYJA-GLWNXBRTAK
156:
825:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb05487.x
25:
495:
395:
35:
1048:Journal of Alloys and Compounds
491:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
984:10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.08.035
623:The magnetic properties of HfC
1:
1061:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.018
233:InChI=1/C.Hf/q-1;+1/rCHf/c1-2
2384:Rock salt crystal structure
590:(x = 0.5 to 1.0). It has a
2405:
2160:
924:10.1103/PhysRevB.92.020104
613:, hydrogen, and vaporized
288:190.50 g/mol
1444:
1422:
686:Lide, D. R., ed. (2005).
607:chemical vapor deposition
485:
376:
371:
332:
265:
245:
210:
43:
34:
661:Tantalum hafnium carbide
557:tantalum hafnium carbide
972:Ceramics International
609:from a gas mixture of
455:
296:black odorless powder
454:
2389:Refractory materials
1113:. pp. 513–516.
731:. pp. 169–170.
717:Harry Julius Emeléus
666:Hafnium carbonitride
615:hafnium(IV) chloride
565:hafnium carbonitride
437:(fire diamond)
346:Cubic crystal system
223:InChI=1S/C.Hf/q-1;+1
978:(20): 33265–33274.
915:2015PhRvB..92b0104H
856:2019Mate...12.2728U
770:2016NatSR...637962C
323:Solubility in water
31:
18:Hafnium(IV) carbide
865:10.3390/ma12172728
758:Scientific Reports
518:Infobox references
456:
29:
2379:Hafnium compounds
2361:
2360:
2355:
2354:
1380:
1379:
1162:Hafnium compounds
1120:978-3-540-41817-7
1089:978-0-849-32696-7
903:Physical Review B
819:(10): 2671–2678.
778:10.1038/srep37962
738:978-0-12-023611-4
603:hafnium(IV) oxide
541:chemical compound
526:Chemical compound
524:
523:
420:Hazard statements
340:Crystal structure
179:CompTox Dashboard
85:Interactive image
16:(Redirected from
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1078:(3rd ed.).
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553:tantalum carbide
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30:Hafnium carbide
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631:for x ≤ 0.8 to
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530:Hafnium carbide
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513: ?)
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489:standard state
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1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1458:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1373:
1366:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1286:
1284:
1266:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1055:(1–2): 4–10.
1054:
1050:
1049:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
962:
959:
954:
953:
948:
942:
939:
934:
930:
925:
920:
916:
912:
909:(2): 020104.
908:
904:
900:
893:
890:
885:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
834:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:
805:
802:
797:
793:
788:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
745:
740:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
712:
710:
708:
704:
699:
697:0-8493-0486-5
693:
689:
681:
678:
671:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
649:
647:
641:
634:
630:
621:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
584:
581:
575:
570:
566:
561:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
535:
531:
519:
512:
507:
490:
484:
477:
470:
463:
439:
436:
435:
431:
430:
424:
421:
417:
416:
413:
410:
407:
403:
402:
398:
394:
391:
387:
386:
382:
380:
375:
370:
366:
362:
359:
355:
354:
351:
347:
344:
341:
337:
336:
331:
327:
324:
320:
319:
315:
313:
312:Melting point
310:
309:
305:
303:
300:
299:
295:
292:
291:
287:
285:
282:
281:
277:
274:
270:
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255:
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244:
230:
220:
216:
209:
201:
197:
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180:
176:
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168:
164:
163:
161:
155:
151:
150:
143:
142:
140:
138:
133:
132:
128:
124:
121:
119:
117:ECHA InfoCard
114:
113:
106:
102:
101:
99:
97:
94:
93:
86:
82:
81:
79:
75:
70:
69:
62:
58:
57:
55:
52:
48:
47:
42:
38:
33:
27:
19:
1998:
1218:
1105:
1098:
1075:
1069:
1052:
1046:
1024:
975:
971:
961:
950:
941:
906:
902:
892:
850:(17): 2728.
847:
843:
833:
816:
810:
804:
761:
757:
747:
724:
687:
680:
629:paramagnetic
627:change from
622:
619:
596:
585:
579:
573:
562:
529:
528:
433:
411:
378:
364:
44:Identifiers
26:
633:diamagnetic
406:Signal word
367:m, No. 225
358:Space group
293:Appearance
266:Properties
123:100.031.910
2368:Categories
1031:Rehr, J.J.
1008:9997899259
672:References
390:Pictograms
333:Structure
328:insoluble
306:12.2 g/cm
284:Molar mass
278:HfC
96:ChemSpider
72:3D model (
61:12069-85-1
51:CAS Number
1080:CRC Press
1016:260672783
1000:0272-8842
992:1873-3956
933:1098-0121
844:Materials
764:: 37962.
599:reduction
569:ab initio
381:labelling
144:235-114-1
136:EC Number
2374:Carbides
1111:Springer
884:31454900
796:27905481
719:(1968).
650:See also
434:NFPA 704
372:Hazards
167:16212551
105:17340381
2161:
1415:carbide
1188:Hf(III)
911:Bibcode
875:6747801
852:Bibcode
787:5131352
766:Bibcode
611:methane
545:hafnium
539:) is a
511:what is
509: (
412:Warning
302:Density
154:PubChem
1288:Hf(OSO
1212:Hf(IV)
1169:Hf(II)
1117:
1086:
1014:
1006:
998:
990:
952:Forbes
931:
882:
872:
794:
784:
735:
694:
549:carbon
506:verify
503:
250:SMILES
1324:HfSiO
1312:Hf(NO
1012:S2CID
988:eISSN
592:cubic
215:InChI
74:JSmol
2082:?PbC
1526:(CN)
1268:Hf(C
1244:HfCl
1236:HfBr
1115:ISBN
1084:ISBN
1004:OCLC
996:ISSN
929:ISSN
880:PMID
792:PMID
733:ISBN
692:ISBN
580:0.22
574:0.75
555:and
547:and
426:H228
2351:No
2348:Md
2345:Fm
2342:Es
2339:Cf
2336:Bk
2333:Cm
2330:Am
2317:PuC
2312:NpC
2302:PaC
2294:ThC
2290:ThC
2286:Ac
2283:**
2274:YbC
2266:TmC
2258:ErC
2250:HoC
2242:DyC
2234:TbC
2226:GdC
2218:EuC
2210:SmC
2202:PmC
2194:NdC
2186:PrC
2178:CeC
2170:LaC
2154:Og
2151:Ts
2148:Lv
2145:Mc
2142:Fl
2139:Nh
2136:Cn
2133:Rg
2130:Ds
2127:Mt
2124:Hs
2121:Bh
2118:Sg
2115:Db
2112:Rf
2109:Lr
2106:**
2103:Ra
2100:Fr
2095:Rn
2092:At
2089:Po
2086:Bi
2077:TlC
2048:PtC
2008:TaC
2004:TaC
1999:HfC
1991:LuC
1980:BaC
1962:Xe
1947:Te
1944:Sb
1941:Sn
1937:InC
1932:CdC
1912:PdC
1890:Tc
1880:MoC
1875:NbC
1870:ZrC
1855:SrC
1837:Kr
1833:+Br
1826:CBr
1818:CSe
1813:+As
1808:+Ge
1804:Ga
1788:CuC
1784:CuC
1770:CoC
1734:MnC
1712:TiC
1680:ScC
1670:CaC
1666:CaC
1648:Ar
1644:+Cl
1637:CCl
1615:+Si
1611:SiC
1572:Ne
1447:He
1417:ion
1368:CHf
1360:HfC
1332:HfS
1304:HfO
1260:HfI
1252:HfF
1219:HfC
1200:HfI
1195:HfN
1176:HfB
1057:doi
1053:462
1039:1–x
980:doi
919:doi
870:PMC
860:doi
821:doi
782:PMC
774:doi
637:TaC
617:.
601:of
543:of
379:GHS
350:cF8
184:EPA
157:CID
2370::
2319:Pu
2307:UC
2166:*
2065:Hg
2053:Au
2039:Ir
2030:Os
2021:Re
2016:WC
1987:*
1968:Cs
1958:+I
1951:CI
1920:Ag
1903:Rh
1894:Ru
1882:Mo
1865:YC
1843:Rb
1796:Zn
1775:Ni
1758:Fe
1750:Fe
1742:Fe
1722:Cr
1717:VC
1707:19
1703:15
1701:Sc
1692:Sc
1683:Sc
1632:+S
1625:CS
1620:+P
1599:Al
1590:Mg
1578:Na
1565:CF
1561:CF
1542:CO
1538:CO
1533:+N
1522:CN
1501:+B
1473:Be
1461:Li
1453:Li
1437:+H
1430:CH
1356:Ta
1344:Hf
1340:La
1292:CF
1224:Hf
1109:.
1082:.
1051:.
1037:Ta
1010:.
1002:.
994:.
986:.
976:49
974:.
970:.
949:.
927:.
917:.
907:92
905:.
901:.
878:.
868:.
858:.
848:12
846:.
842:.
817:75
815:.
790:.
780:.
772:.
760:.
756:.
727:.
723:.
706:^
646:.
534:Hf
383::
363:Fm
348:,
2325:3
2323:C
2321:2
2296:2
2276:2
2268:2
2260:2
2252:2
2244:2
2236:2
2228:2
2220:2
2212:2
2204:2
2196:2
2188:2
2180:2
2172:2
2071:2
2069:C
2067:2
2059:2
2057:C
2055:2
2043:C
2041:2
2034:C
2032:2
2025:C
2023:2
2010:5
1993:2
1982:2
1974:2
1972:C
1970:2
1953:4
1926:2
1924:C
1922:2
1914:2
1907:C
1905:2
1898:C
1896:2
1886:C
1884:2
1857:2
1849:2
1847:C
1845:2
1828:4
1820:2
1800:C
1798:2
1790:2
1779:C
1777:2
1764:2
1762:C
1760:5
1754:C
1752:3
1746:C
1744:2
1736:2
1728:2
1726:C
1724:3
1705:C
1698:3
1696:C
1694:4
1689:4
1687:C
1685:3
1672:2
1660:2
1658:C
1656:2
1654:K
1639:4
1627:2
1605:3
1603:C
1601:4
1594:C
1592:2
1584:2
1582:C
1580:2
1567:4
1555:2
1553:O
1551:3
1549:C
1544:2
1528:2
1517:C
1512:2
1510:C
1506:C
1496:m
1494:C
1492:n
1490:B
1486:C
1484:4
1482:B
1477:C
1475:2
1467:2
1465:C
1463:2
1457:C
1455:4
1432:4
1406:e
1399:t
1392:v
1372:N
1370:2
1362:5
1358:4
1350:7
1348:O
1346:2
1342:2
1334:2
1326:4
1318:4
1316:)
1314:3
1306:2
1298:4
1296:)
1294:3
1290:2
1282:4
1280:)
1278:2
1276:O
1274:7
1272:H
1270:5
1262:4
1254:4
1246:4
1238:4
1230:4
1228:N
1226:3
1202:3
1178:2
1154:e
1147:t
1140:v
1123:.
1092:.
1063:.
1059::
1043:y
1041:C
1035:x
1018:.
982::
955:.
935:.
921::
913::
886:.
862::
854::
827:.
823::
798:.
776::
768::
762:6
741:.
700:.
644:x
639:x
625:x
588:x
577:N
537:C
532:(
501:N
475:1
468:2
461:2
365:3
257:#
186:)
182:(
76:)
20:)
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