322:, genital piercings may serve as an implicit invitation to others to admire the wearer's genital area. People new to naturism usually feel they must avoid glancing at, and certainly avoid staring at, other naturists' genitals. However, jewelry is intended to attract attention, so genital piercings such as hafada piercings may be taken as an indication that fellow naturists are welcome to let their eyes wander and indeed linger without feeling they are visually trespassing or making the pierced individual uncomfortable. Elaborate piercings such as scrotal ladders might be taken as a clear message that the wearer is totally comfortable with being naked and with having others look at, and maybe even discuss, his piercings. Conversely, individuals who do not practice naturism may simply wish to get a body piercing that is private or a secret shared only with their intimate partner. Unlike some
311:
piercings may serve as a means to reclaim their sexuality or ownership of their genitals. Some people who obtain a genital piercing may seek a sense of uniqueness or intend to make a statement of non-conformity. Recent research suggests, however, that genital piercings are becoming mainstream, at least within some age groups, so are unlikely to succeed in providing a sense of uniqueness, signs of individuality or of subcultural identity, or as visual declarations of non-conformity. One piercer observed that, as of 2018, it was becoming more mainstream and acceptable for men to have one or multiple genital piercings, whereas in the late 1970s and early 1980s it was still very taboo.
398:
374:
386:
413:
355:
131:
295:
even if they were the only person who ever saw their genital piercings, they would be happy with them. Some men may get a piercing to please their partner, perhaps to surprise or test their partner, or possibly in the hope of attracting, amusing or pleasing some future partner. Mention or display of a particular genital piercing such as a hafada piercing may serve as a personal marketing device (analogous to
343:
25:
235:. One source states that while rings were popular in the past, "barbells are more common nowadays." Since the skin of the scrotum is thin, titanium jewelry is advantageous due to its lower weight. Horizontal piercings (with one hole beside the other) are most common. Although vertical scrotum piercings are rare, they have been done successfully, using straight or curved barbells.
257:
scrotum (close to the penis shaft) may provide stimulation to a sexual partner during intercourse. Since the scrotum is sexually sensitive, hafada piercings may enhance pleasure when the scrotum is rubbed or orally stimulated by a partner or during masturbation. In comparison to facial piercings, a scrotal piercing is private, except in circumstances the pierced person chooses.
215:
members of the French Legion, who were active in the areas of Syria and
Lebanon. While originally a hafada piercing referred to a scrotal piercing with a ring or barbell placed high and laterally (i.e. on the side of the scrotum,) the term hafada piercing is now used interchangeably with scrotal piercing and can refer to piercings anywhere on the scrotum.
330:
in a public washroom. Teenagers may wish to get a piercing that their parents won't know about. (Note, however, that many jurisdictions prohibit or require parental consent for genital piercings of minors.) Fathers might wish to get a piercing that (in conservative families) their children won't see
290:
Scrotal piercings are done primarily for aesthetic reasons and as an artistic expression of personal style. Unlike most other male genital piercings, scrotal piercings were not devised for and are not promoted for the enhancement of sexual pleasure, either for the wearer or for a sexual partner. Any
243:
Healing is relatively uncomplicated and lasts normally between six and eight weeks according to some sources, or up to 13 weeks according to other sources. A single scrotal piercing will tend to heal faster than multiple piercings. For this reason, many piercers will not place more than two or three
294:
The presumed motivation for obtaining a scrotal piercing is simply as an adornment, either on its own, or in juxtaposition to other genital piercings. Beyond that, motivations may be simple or complex, and might not even be fully understood by the person obtaining the piercing. Some people say that
265:
In some cases, hafada piercings might induce discomfort while walking or running, or when riding a motorcycle or on horseback, especially during the healing process. Avoidance of tight clothing would minimize any sensitivity while walking. Piercings might present minor interference when shaving the
214:
The hafada piercing may have originated in Arabia and spread from there to the Middle East and North Africa. According to piercing lore, it was a ritual usually performed when a young man entered puberty. It was most commonly applied on the left side. In Europe, hafada piercing was adopted by some
256:
during intercourse, that is not a risk with piercings on the scrotum. This piercing does not interfere with sex. Due to the looseness of the skin, the rate of rejection is lower than for other surface piercings. While this piercing is primarily done for aesthetic reasons, piercings high on the
310:
For some, a scrotal piercing, which is said to be one of the least risky genital piercings, might be an "entry piercing" to test one's resolve or willingness to proceed with other genital piercings. For many who have been sexually abused, teased, or psychologically hurt in other ways, genital
331:(and take as an implicit endorsement of body piercing.) For some males, a scrotal piercing may simply be the most discreet and least risky body piercing option. It is a body piercing that won't become an object of discussion or derision in the workplace or at the dinner table.
307:. Some might hope to use their piercing as a conversation starter. For someone with facial or other normally visible piercings, a scrotal piercing might be an answer to the potential question, "Do you have any other piercings?"
266:
scrotum. Piercings on the scrotal raphe or "seam" of the scrotum may not be particularly visible when the penis is flaccid. Piercings anywhere on the scrotum may become hidden should the wearer choose to not shave the scrotum.
193:
or reject as much as many other surface piercings. The main motives are beautification and individualization. A piercing that passes through the scrotum, from front-to-back, or from side-to-side, is known as a
189:
or "seam" of the scrotum are common. This piercing does not penetrate deep into the scrotum, and due to the looseness and flexibility of the skin in that area, does not
373:
1018:
Tampa, Mircea; Sarbu, Maria
Isabela; Limbau, Alexandra; Costescu, Monica; Benea, Vasile; and Georgescu, Simona Roxana (2015) "Genital Male Piercings,"
747:
397:
1051:
1573:
569:
108:
1547:
42:
354:
1599:
939:
Thomas, Jeremy N.; Crosby, Lauren; Milford, Jessica (2015). "Gender
Differences among Self-Reported Genital Piercing Stories".
859:
Thomas, Jeremy N.; Crosby, Lauren; Milford, Jessica (2015). "Gender
Differences among Self-Reported Genital Piercing Stories".
385:
89:
1552:
46:
506:
61:
835:
412:
342:
68:
1474:
1044:
662:
Tampa, Mircea; Sarbu, Maria; Limbau, Alexandra; Costescu, Monica; Benea, Vasile; Georgescu, Simona (4 November 2015).
1084:
559:
35:
75:
1431:
1398:
1327:
774:"Motivations for body piercings and tattoos - the role of sexual abuse and the frequency of body modifications"
1172:
1118:
1114:
1104:
403:
296:
57:
1578:
1489:
1449:
1037:
636:
1557:
1317:
772:
Stirn, Aglaja; Oddo, Silvia; Peregrinova, Ludmila; Philipp, Swetlana; Hinz, Andreas (30 December 2011).
195:
1542:
326:, a scrotal piercing is unlikely to be noticeable even when wearing a tight bathing suit or using a
1507:
1454:
1210:
1190:
1469:
1439:
1127:
964:
884:
809:
615:
480:
361:
232:
190:
592:
Anderson, William R.; Summerton, Duncan J.; Sharma, Davendra M.; Holmes, Simon A. (July 2011).
1522:
1479:
1459:
1444:
1421:
1353:
1301:
1157:
1137:
1007:
999:
956:
927:
919:
876:
801:
793:
565:
468:
365:
224:
460:
82:
1604:
1537:
1363:
1261:
1256:
1215:
1152:
1147:
1099:
989:
948:
911:
868:
785:
605:
434:
429:
323:
1527:
1517:
1411:
1383:
1348:
1322:
1296:
1290:
1281:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1162:
1132:
721:
492:
203:
994:
977:
1464:
1416:
1388:
1373:
1332:
1251:
1205:
1200:
1195:
915:
439:
315:
228:
186:
130:
1593:
1406:
1378:
1368:
1286:
1089:
1074:
1060:
968:
888:
300:
199:
178:
813:
619:
1358:
1271:
1246:
1142:
789:
275:
533:
952:
872:
510:
1079:
24:
1167:
693:
663:
561:
The
Pleasures of Testicles:: A Celebration and Exploration of All Things Balls
1003:
960:
923:
880:
797:
694:"2021 Scrotum & Hafada Piercings Pros & Cons by a Piercer - S02 EP30"
472:
1502:
1497:
1275:
1094:
1023:
773:
637:"A "Jacob's Ladder" Is Probably the Most Extreme Penis Piercing You Can Get"
279:
244:โrungsโ of a ladder at a time, scheduling another set a month or two later.
159:
Scrotal ladder consisting of six barbells, shown; Captive bead rings or BCRs
1011:
931:
805:
278:(jock itch) or other dermatological conditions. Men who have had a recent
198:. Multiple hafada piercings are not uncommon, often as an extension of a
319:
282:
should wait for incisions to heal prior to obtaining a scrotal piercing.
1182:
698:
304:
182:
149:
1266:
327:
253:
610:
593:
1512:
1029:
1033:
18:
379:
Scrotal ladder along midline or "seam" of scrotum, using BCRs
202:
or Jacob's Ladder, which is a series of piercings from the
274:
Scrotal piercings would not be advisable for anyone with
902:
Waugh, Michael (2007). "Body piercing: where and how".
748:"Why genital piercings aren't as scary as you think"
534:"All you need to know about Jacob's ladder piercing"
1566:
1488:
1430:
1397:
1341:
1310:
1239:
1181:
1113:
1067:
163:
155:
145:
137:
123:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
314:In social situations where one is naked, such as
1022:Vol. 2 : Iss. 1, Article 3. Available at:
1045:
8:
836:"What It's Like To Get An Intimate Piercing"
631:
629:
227:(also called a BCR or ball closure ring,) a
223:Hafada piercings are usually pierced with a
978:"Infections from Body Piercing and Tattoos"
1052:
1038:
1030:
1024:http://scholar.valpo.edu/jmms/vol2/iss1/3
993:
609:
252:While piercings on the penis can break a
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
348:Single spiked barbell (click to enlarge)
976:Patel, Mukesh; Cobbs, C. Glenn (2015).
451:
406:rod used after piercing, before jewelry
338:
488:
478:
467:. Emmis Communications. pp. 56โ.
120:
7:
1020:Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences
995:10.1128/microbiolspec.IOL5-0016-2015
668:Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences
598:Trends in Urology & Men's Health
47:adding citations to reliable sources
834:Gallagher, Ray (26 February 2016).
558:Riedy, James L. (31 January 2013).
1574:Body piercing regulation in the UK
916:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.05.018
14:
532:Ossai, Nonyelum (28 April 2022).
411:
396:
384:
372:
353:
341:
129:
23:
1075:Contemporary piercing practices
291:such benefits are incidental.
34:needs additional citations for
16:Surface piercing on the scrotum
790:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.06.001
746:Fenn, Violet (14 March 2017).
1:
594:"A guide to genital piercing"
953:10.1080/01639625.2014.944062
873:10.1080/01639625.2014.944062
459:Murray, Louann (July 1994).
181:anywhere on the skin of the
185:. Piercings on the scrotal
1621:
509:(in Czech). Archived from
418:Hafada piercing procedure
303:websites and apps and in
128:
1432:Female genital piercings
1399:Unisex genital piercings
664:"Genital Male Piercings"
1068:General piercing topics
297:product differentiation
1600:Male genital piercings
1579:List of body piercings
1490:Male genital piercings
904:Clinics in Dermatology
1553:Reverse Prince Albert
982:Microbiology Spectrum
465:Orange Coast Magazine
461:"Suburban Primitives"
196:transscrotal piercing
726:Piercing Studio Wien
391:Piercing instrument
43:improve this article
778:Psychiatry Research
564:. Outskirts Press.
1475:Princess Albertina
507:"Genital Piercing"
360:Piercing with one
1587:
1586:
1138:Captive bead ring
270:Contraindications
225:captive bead ring
210:Historical origin
171:
170:
119:
118:
111:
93:
58:"Hafada piercing"
1612:
1240:Facial piercings
1105:Ear piercing gun
1100:Surface piercing
1054:
1047:
1040:
1031:
1015:
997:
972:
941:Deviant Behavior
935:
893:
892:
861:Deviant Behavior
856:
850:
849:
847:
846:
831:
825:
824:
822:
820:
784:(2โ3): 359โ363.
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
743:
737:
736:
734:
732:
718:
712:
711:
709:
707:
690:
684:
683:
681:
679:
659:
653:
652:
650:
648:
643:. 5 October 2018
633:
624:
623:
613:
589:
583:
582:
580:
578:
555:
549:
548:
546:
544:
529:
523:
522:
520:
518:
503:
497:
496:
490:
486:
484:
476:
456:
435:Genital piercing
430:Lorum (piercing)
415:
400:
388:
376:
357:
345:
233:straight barbell
206:to the scrotum.
141:Scrotal piercing
133:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1562:
1484:
1426:
1393:
1337:
1328:Tongue frenulum
1306:
1291:Septum piercing
1235:
1177:
1109:
1063:
1058:
1028:
975:
938:
901:
897:
896:
858:
857:
853:
844:
842:
833:
832:
828:
818:
816:
771:
770:
766:
756:
754:
745:
744:
740:
730:
728:
720:
719:
715:
705:
703:
692:
691:
687:
677:
675:
661:
660:
656:
646:
644:
635:
634:
627:
611:10.1002/tre.211
591:
590:
586:
576:
574:
572:
557:
556:
552:
542:
540:
531:
530:
526:
516:
514:
505:
504:
500:
487:
477:
458:
457:
453:
448:
426:
419:
416:
407:
401:
392:
389:
380:
377:
368:
358:
349:
346:
337:
324:penis piercings
288:
272:
263:
250:
241:
221:
212:
175:hafada piercing
124:Hafada piercing
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1342:Body piercings
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1311:Oral piercings
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1284:
1279:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1027:
1026:
1016:
973:
947:(6): 441โ462.
936:
910:(4): 407โ411.
898:
895:
894:
867:(6): 441โ462.
851:
826:
764:
738:
713:
702:. 29 July 2021
685:
654:
625:
584:
570:
550:
524:
513:on 8 July 2009
498:
489:|journal=
450:
449:
447:
444:
443:
442:
440:Pubic piercing
437:
432:
425:
422:
421:
420:
417:
410:
408:
402:
395:
393:
390:
383:
381:
378:
371:
369:
359:
352:
350:
347:
340:
336:
333:
316:skinny dipping
287:
284:
271:
268:
262:
259:
249:
246:
240:
237:
229:curved barbell
220:
217:
211:
208:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1617:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:Prince Albert
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:Clitoral hood
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1183:Ear piercings
1180:
1174:
1173:Nipple shield
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1153:Prince's wand
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1090:Play piercing
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:Body piercing
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
899:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
855:
852:
841:
837:
830:
827:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
768:
765:
753:
749:
742:
739:
727:
723:
717:
714:
701:
700:
695:
689:
686:
673:
669:
665:
658:
655:
642:
638:
632:
630:
626:
621:
617:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
588:
585:
573:
571:9781432788896
567:
563:
562:
554:
551:
539:
535:
528:
525:
512:
508:
502:
499:
494:
482:
474:
470:
466:
462:
455:
452:
445:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
423:
414:
409:
405:
399:
394:
387:
382:
375:
370:
367:
363:
356:
351:
344:
339:
334:
332:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
308:
306:
302:
301:online dating
298:
292:
285:
283:
281:
277:
269:
267:
261:Disadvantages
260:
258:
255:
247:
245:
238:
236:
234:
230:
226:
218:
216:
209:
207:
205:
201:
200:frenum ladder
197:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:is a surface
176:
167:6 to 13 weeks
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
122:
113:
110:
102:
99:December 2009
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: โ
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1558:Transscrotal
1532:
1318:Lip frenulum
1247:Anti-eyebrow
1143:Flesh tunnel
1019:
985:
981:
944:
940:
907:
903:
864:
860:
854:
843:. Retrieved
839:
829:
817:. Retrieved
781:
777:
767:
755:. Retrieved
751:
741:
729:. Retrieved
725:
716:
704:. Retrieved
697:
688:
676:. Retrieved
671:
667:
657:
645:. Retrieved
641:Men's Health
640:
604:(4): 31โ36.
601:
597:
587:
575:. Retrieved
560:
553:
541:. Retrieved
537:
527:
515:. Retrieved
511:the original
501:
464:
454:
313:
309:
293:
289:
276:tinea cruris
273:
264:
251:
242:
222:
213:
174:
172:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1543:Magic cross
1297:Nose bridge
1080:Scalpelling
286:Motivations
1594:Categories
1508:Deep shaft
1455:Fourchette
1211:Industrial
1191:Antitragus
1168:Nose chain
1085:Stretching
845:2018-03-29
446:References
362:bananabell
248:Advantages
69:newspapers
1503:Apadravya
1498:Ampallang
1470:Nefertiti
1440:Christina
1276:Lip plate
1119:materials
1095:Pocketing
1004:2165-0497
969:144501650
961:0163-9625
924:0738-081X
889:144501650
881:0163-9625
798:0165-1781
674:(1): 9โ17
491:ignored (
481:cite book
473:0279-0483
280:vasectomy
138:Nicknames
1567:See also
1523:Foreskin
1480:Triangle
1460:Isabella
1445:Clitoris
1422:Chastity
1354:Hand web
1302:Philtrum
1012:27337275
932:17697925
814:42613463
806:21705093
722:"Hafada"
620:72780361
538:Skabash!
424:See also
364:and one
320:naturism
204:frenulum
179:piercing
146:Location
1605:Scrotum
1364:Madison
1262:Jestrum
1257:Eyebrow
1216:Orbital
1128:Barbell
1115:Jewelry
699:YouTube
335:Gallery
305:sexting
239:Healing
219:Jewelry
191:migrate
183:scrotum
164:Healing
156:Jewelry
150:Scrotum
83:scholar
1533:Hafada
1528:Frenum
1518:Fibula
1412:Guiche
1384:Nipple
1349:Corset
1323:Tongue
1282:Monroe
1267:Labret
1231:Tragus
1158:Spiral
1010:
1002:
967:
959:
930:
922:
887:
879:
840:Bustle
819:5 June
812:
804:
796:
757:8 June
731:31 May
706:31 May
678:20 May
647:6 June
618:
577:8 June
568:
543:6 June
517:19 May
471:
328:urinal
254:condom
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1538:Lorum
1513:Dydoe
1465:Labia
1417:Pubic
1389:Wrist
1374:Navel
1333:Uvula
1252:Cheek
1206:Helix
1201:Daith
1196:Conch
988:(6).
965:S2CID
885:S2CID
810:S2CID
752:Metro
616:S2CID
299:) on
187:raphe
90:JSTOR
76:books
1407:Anus
1379:Neck
1369:Nape
1287:Nose
1226:Snug
1221:Rook
1163:Stud
1148:Plug
1133:Claw
1008:PMID
1000:ISSN
957:ISSN
928:PMID
920:ISSN
877:ISSN
821:2023
802:PMID
794:ISSN
759:2023
733:2023
708:2023
680:2023
649:2023
579:2023
566:ISBN
545:2023
519:2023
493:help
469:ISSN
404:PTFE
62:news
1359:Hip
1272:Lip
990:doi
949:doi
912:doi
869:doi
786:doi
782:190
606:doi
366:BCR
318:or
231:or
45:by
1596::
1006:.
998:.
984:.
980:.
963:.
955:.
945:36
943:.
926:.
918:.
908:25
906:.
883:.
875:.
865:36
863:.
838:.
808:.
800:.
792:.
780:.
776:.
750:.
724:.
696:.
670:.
666:.
639:.
628:^
614:.
600:.
596:.
536:.
485::
483:}}
479:{{
463:.
173:A
1293:)
1289:(
1278:)
1274:(
1121:)
1117:(
1053:e
1046:t
1039:v
1014:.
992::
986:3
971:.
951::
934:.
914::
891:.
871::
848:.
823:.
788::
761:.
735:.
710:.
682:.
672:2
651:.
622:.
608::
602:2
581:.
547:.
521:.
495:)
475:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:ยท
80:ยท
73:ยท
66:ยท
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.