1153:
514:
584:
Hajdú lifestyle was significant. At the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, we know of tens of thousands of hajdú, who were also the first to fight in wars in the first half of the 17th century. Their activities were significant both as mercenaries and as
Defence Forces. Hajdú life provided social mobility, as their success was illustrated by the fact that, although they were born as peasant or petty nobles, they often received substantial land donations from the ruler and be quasi-noblety.
1224:
46:
38:
868:
806:
599:
583:
The Hajdú have always been an important pillar of
Hungarian society and its defence. During the great Turkish attack of 1551/52, it was possible to recruit several hundred or even several thousand Hajdú troops from the Nyírség-Debrecen region for an action against the Turks. Among the Hungarians, the
149:
By the 17th century they were firmly established in the
Ottoman Balkans, owing to increased taxes, Christian victories against the Ottomans, and a general decline in security. Hajduk bands predominantly numbered one hundred men each, with a firm hierarchy under one leader. They targeted Ottoman
657:
continued to maintain their own liveried bodyguards of hajduks, well into the 18th century as something of a throwback to the past, even though they were now rarely used as field troops. In imitation of these bodyguards, in the 18th century wealthy members of the
556:. As a reward for their service, Bocskay emancipated the hajduk from the jurisdiction of their lords, granted them land, and guaranteed them rights to own property and to personal freedom. The emancipated hajduk constituted a new "warrior estate" within Hungarian
1836:
187:
who preyed not only on
Ottomans and their local representatives, but also on local merchants and travellers. As such, the term could also refer to any robber and carry a negative connotation.
1746:, volume 1, London: Osprey Military Publishing, 1987, p. 21, 39-41 (also contains six contemporary illustrations of Polish hajduks, besides several modern reconstructions by
1954:
176:
People that helped hajduks were called jataks. Jataks lived in villages and towns and provided food and shelter for hajduks. In return, hajduks would give them part of the loot.
676:
The Serbs established a Hajduk army that supported the
Austrians. The army was divided into 18 companies, in four groups. In this period, the most notable obor-kapetans were
2024:
614:
in inspiration, that formed the backbone of the Polish infantry arm from the 1570s until about the 1630s. Unusually for this period, Polish-Lithuanian hajduks wore
662:
hired liveried domestic servants whom they called hajduks, thereby creating the meaning of the term 'hajduk' as it is generally understood in modern Polish.
593:
1840:
778:
944:
1994:
1689:
1936:
1999:
1585:
1447:
1474:
1925:
1724:
1540:
1513:
1989:
991:
150:
representatives and rich people, mainly rich Turks, for plunder or punishment to oppressive
Ottomans, or revenge or a combination of all.
1579:
Petrović, Aleksandar. These persons later became soldiers on the
Hungarian–Ottoman Serbian border and fought against the Ottoman Turks.
1339:
1324:
654:
224:
2029:
638:. Contrary to popular opinion, the small axe they often wore tucked in their belt (not to be confused with the huge half-moon shaped
1872:
1791:
1673:
1648:
1621:
1344:
792:, the singer begins by introducing himself as a 'haiduc'. In 2004, Haiducii herself released a successful cover of the song.
1984:
713:
671:
1896:
1074:
2019:
2014:
855:
1152:
645:
In the mid-17th century hajduk-style infantry largely fell out of fashion in Poland-Lithuania, and were replaced by
565:
1862:
1431:
1409:
92:
749:
1385:
161:
in the plural) is a romanticised hero figure who steals from, and leads his fighters into battle against, the
642:
axe, which was seldom carried by hajduks) was not a combat weapon, but rather was intended for cutting wood.
618:, typically of grey-blue woolen cloth, with red collar and cuffs. Their principal weapon was a small calibre
1425:
1201:
1098:
31:
53:, a prominent Serbian outlaw fighting against Ottoman occupation during the first half of the 19th century.
2009:
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729:
681:
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1195:
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1739:
913:
871:
693:
513:
1391:
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The Role of
Banditry in the Creation of National States in the Central Balkans During the 19th Century
721:
1940:
1937:"Hajduci i uskoci u narodnoj poeziji: Istorijske pretpostavke za nastanak i razvoj hajdučkog pokreta"
851:
569:
1580:
30:
This article is about the former outlaws and guerrilla fighters of the
Balkans. For other uses, see
1979:
1278:
1080:
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775:
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386:
170:
1117:
1442:
1286:
1265:
1026:
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479:
373:
342:
228:
220:
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and his merry men, who stole from the rich (who as in the case of the hajduk happened to also be
76:
62:
1335:
1308:
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1128:
980:
1223:
1921:
1868:
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1617:
1611:
1536:
1530:
1509:
1503:
1373:
1314:
1296:
1290:
1068:
789:
782:
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and
Montenegrin theoretical physicist Dragan Hajduković, are likewise derived from this word.
717:
577:
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413:
324:
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180:
1913:
1810:
2004:
1974:
1969:
1206:
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88:
17:
1589:
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404:
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355:
100:
1887:М. Ђ. Milićević, Pomenik znamenitih ljudi u srpskog naroda novijeg doba, Beograd 1888, 15
1261:
677:
250:'. These two theories do not necessarily contradict each other because the Turkish word
1600:Младенов, Стефан. 1941. Етимологически и правописен речник на българския книжовен език.
1379:
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84:
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45:
1963:
1798:Хајдучка војска била је подељена на 18 компанија, које су се распореЬивале у 4 групе.
1747:
1237:
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267:
50:
1358:
1019:
901:
874:
765:
757:
753:
537:
1008:
685:
37:
1781:
1764:
1716:
The Representation of External Threats: From the Middle Ages to the Modern World
974:
925:
725:
1031:
610:
was initially a colloquial term for a style of footsoldier, Hungarian or Turco-
1274:
1243:
1240:(1530s–1601), Wallachian-employed guerrilla commander, former peasant in Timok
1164:
1111:
697:
689:
184:
166:
139:
127:
123:
1864:
War and Society in East Central Europe: The first Serbian uprising 1804–1813
1414:
1147:
1050:
999:
619:
560:
society. Many of the settlements created at this time still bear the prefix
474:
1404:
173:) and gave to the poor, while defying seemingly unjust laws and authority.
867:
805:
1918:
Yugoslavia and Its Historians: Understanding the Balkan Wars of the 1990s
1437:
1228:
832:
748:
are all named after the hajduci. The surnames of the fictional character
737:
659:
639:
623:
545:
530:
111:
540:
and begun a reign of terror. The bulk of Bocskay's army was composed of
266:
just as many slavic words were adapted from Turkish in what is known as
1453:
962:
811:
772:
635:
615:
549:
533:
247:
131:
115:
977:(1787–1842), hajduk in Oltenia, participant of the Wallachian Uprising
179:
The hajduk of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries commonly were as much
146:
who protected Christians against provocative actions by the Ottomans.
1329:
1046:
781:, between 1947 and 1959, which opposed the Soviet occupation and the
650:
646:
611:
557:
327:; used as a male given name, and it means "Armenian freedom fighter".
143:
96:
227:
infantry soldiers. Another theory suggests that the word comes from
1570:Л.Андрейчин и др. 2006. Български тълковен речник. Четвърто издание
598:
305:
Forms of the word in various languages, in singular form, include:
41:
Illustration of a Hungarian Hajduk, from an 1703 book from Bavaria.
1246:(fl. 1596–1619), hajduk and military commander in Habsburg service
1222:
1151:
883:
820:
627:
512:
44:
36:
1664:
Ludanyi, Andrew; Cadzow, John F.; Elteto, Louis J., eds. (1983).
809:
General Andranik Ozanian, wearing his uniform and medals with a
541:
1920:. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. pp. 22–36.
1766:Србија и Београд од Пожаревачког до Београдског мира, 1718-1739
544:
who had either fled from the war and the Habsburg drive toward
548:
conversion, or been discharged from the Imperial Army. These
1713:
Crailsheim, Eberhard; Elizalde, María Dolores, eds. (2019).
994:
1848–64), priest and hajduk in Oltenia, participant in the
572:, Hajdúszovát, Hajdúvid etc., and the whole area is called
1558:Найден Геров. 1895-1904. Речник на блъгарский язик.Хайдукъ
1434:, an Albanian oral tradition of frontier warrior mythology
91:
from the late 16th to mid 19th centuries, especially from
1837:"Die ultimative Chart Show | Hits des neuen Jahrtausends"
649:-armed infantry of Western style. However, commanders or
626:. For close combat they also carried a heavy variety of
106:
In the European lands of the Ottoman Empire, the term
568:, Hajdúdorog, Hajdúhadház, Hajdúnánás, Hajdúsámson,
1317:(c. 1785–1813), commander in the Serbian Revolution
1311:(c. 1780–1813), commander in the Serbian Revolution
1305:(c. 1765–1815), commander in the Serbian Revolution
1783:Valjevo u prošlosti: prilozi za zavičajnu istoriju
1475:"hajdú | Magyar etimológiai szótár | Kézikönyvtár"
764:, Czech Republic national ice hockey team forward
183:against the Ottoman rule as they were bandits and
1502:Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (21 May 2010).
1252:(fl. 1669–85), Venetian-employed guerrilla leader
1299:(1763–1815), commander in the Serbian Revolution
1388:(1745–1783), Venetian-employed guerrilla leader
165:. They are comparable to the English legendary
70:
1758:
1756:
1382:(fl. 1685), Venetian-employed guerrilla leader
1916:. In Naimark, Norman M.; Case, Holly (eds.).
1370:(1610–1656), brigand leader in Ottoman Bosnia
1258:(1715–1776), brigand leader in Ottoman Bosnia
103:depending on time, place, and their enemies.
8:
1332:(1826–1875), rebel leader in Bosnian Krajina
630:, capable of hacking off the heads of enemy
1939:(in Serbian). Janus; Rastko. Archived from
1668:. Kent State University Press. p. 87.
215:'bandit', which was originally used by the
153:In Balkan folkloric tradition, the hajduk (
1566:
1564:
1532:Banditry in the Medieval Balkans, 800-1500
1376:(fl. 1645–69), Venetian-employed guerrilla
1666:Transylvania The Roots of Ethnic Conflict
1643:. Indiana University Press. p. 119.
1497:
1495:
854:(1880–1915), important figure during the
877:(1805–1898), known as "the last hayduk".
866:
804:
597:
552:, freelance soldiers, were known as the
1613:The Habsburgs: The History of a Dynasty
1554:
1552:
1466:
957:Regions of Thrace, Moesia and Macedonia
594:Hajduk (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)
2025:Transylvania in the Kingdom of Hungary
1456:, term used by environmental activists
1338:(1848–1888), commander in the 1875–77
1323:(1824–1910), commander in the 1875–77
602:Polish nobleman and two hajduk guards.
517:István Bocskay and his hajduk warriors
301:Forms of the word in various languages
95:. They have reputations ranging from
1690:"- A BIHARI — BERETTYÓÚJFALUI HAJDÚK"
1640:Hungary Between Two Empires 1526–1711
1422:, occasionally referred to as hajduks
7:
1508:. Infobase Publishing. p. 252.
886:(late 17th and early 18th centuries)
788:In the 2003 viral Moldovan pop song
1264:(1763–1817), supreme leader of the
771:The term "haiduci" was used by the
760:, US national soccer team defender
536:, whose army had recently occupied
452:; in the ordinary sense of "bandit"
273:Other spellings in English include
1505:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
1394:(1833–1905), outlaw in Herzegovina
529:, led an insurrection against the
317:; in the ordinary sense of "thief"
25:
110:was used to describe bandits and
1867:. Brooklyn College Press. 1982.
1839:(in German). RTL. Archived from
1616:. A & C Black. p. 111.
1610:Curtis, Benjamin Curtis (2013).
1448:Hajdučka Republika Mijata Tomića
1428:, Slavic-Tatar frontier warriors
1007:(d. 1703), rebel in the area of
199:is unclear. One theory is that
1347:(1897–1925), outlaw in Slavonia
728:; the Macedonian football team
1995:Irregular units and formations
732:; Czech amateur football team
655:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
588:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
258:is adapted from the Hungarian
225:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
2000:Ottoman period in the Balkans
1780:Radovan M. Drašković (1987).
1529:Sophoulis, Sophoulis (2020).
1990:Hungarian words and phrases
1914:"The Proud Name of Hajduks"
1786:. Milić Rakić. p. 22.
856:Albanian National Awakening
708:The Croatian football team
18:Hajduk (Kingdom of Hungary)
2046:
1955:Metaweb entry on "Haiduks"
1345:Jovo Stanisavljević Čaruga
1216:
1145:
1109:
1044:
858:and Albanian national hero
669:
591:
576:(Land of the Hajduk) (see
501:
195:The etymology of the word
142:, it was used to refer to
29:
27:Peasant irregular infantry
2030:Turkish words and phrases
1935:Suvajdžić, Boško (2003).
1912:Bracewell, Wendy (2003).
1535:. Springer. p. 127.
750:George Washington Hayduke
712:; Serbian football teams
672:Serbian Militia (1718–39)
666:Serbian Militia (1718–39)
268:Turcizam or Turkification
1763:Душан Ј Поповић (1950).
1190:Czech, Polish and Slovak
736:; the pop-music project
1744:Polish Armies 1569-1696
1099:Nikitas Stamatelopoulos
32:Hajduk (disambiguation)
1719:. BRILL. p. 172.
1232:
1202:Matěj Ondra z Leskovce
1160:
1087:Theodoros Kolokotronis
948:(1829 – 1862 or 1895)
878:
816:
603:
518:
71:
66:
54:
42:
1985:Hungarian mercenaries
1637:Pálffy, Géza (2021).
1285:. and officer of the
1226:
1155:
914:Captain Petko Voyvoda
870:
808:
622:firearm, known as an
601:
516:
203:was derived from the
48:
40:
1361:(d. 1612), Habsburg
1340:Herzegovina Uprising
1330:Petar Popović Pecija
1325:Herzegovina Uprising
1231:in the 19th century.
1075:Geórgios Karaïskákis
872:Bulgarian Macedonian
783:Communist government
730:FK Hajduk - Vratnica
564:such as Hajdúbagos,
2020:Serbian mercenaries
1081:Antonis Katsantonis
1057:Odysseas Androutsos
779:Haiducii Muscelului
776:resistance movement
163:Ottoman authorities
2015:Polish mercenaries
1740:Richard Brzezinski
1588:2013-08-01 at the
1443:Irregular military
1410:Hajdú-Bihar County
1287:Serbian Free Corps
1266:Serbian Revolution
1256:Stanislav Sočivica
1233:
1161:
879:
817:
746:Taraful Haiducilor
704:Cultural influence
694:Kosta Dimitrijević
604:
519:
509:Kingdom of Hungary
504:Irregular military
498:Irregular military
181:guerrilla fighters
93:Hajdú-Bihar county
79:infantry found in
55:
43:
1927:978-0-8047-8029-2
1769:. pp. 42–43.
1726:978-9-0043-9242-7
1542:978-3-0305-5905-2
1515:978-1-4381-1025-7
1432:Kângë Kreshnikësh
1069:Athanasios Diakos
904:(1805 (?) – 1898)
790:Dragostea Din Tei
718:FK Hajduk Beograd
487:(הײַדאַמאַק), in
171:foreign occupiers
16:(Redirected from
2037:
1944:
1931:
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1894:
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1499:
1490:
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1471:
1271:Stanko Arambašić
1177:Maksym Zalizniak
1101:(c. 1784 – 1849)
1095:(c. 1772 – 1841)
1093:Dimitrios Makris
1083:(c. 1775 – 1808)
1035:
1023:
1005:Pintea the Brave
996:1848 Revolutions
993:
989:
951:
910:(1812 – c. 1864)
898:(c. 1755 – 1821)
722:FK Hajduk Veljko
710:HNK Hajduk Split
478:(гайдамака), in
101:freedom fighters
89:Southeast Europe
74:
21:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2034:
1960:
1959:
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1934:
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1911:
1908:
1906:Further reading
1903:
1902:
1895:
1891:
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1875:
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1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1843:on 6 March 2012
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1599:
1595:
1590:Wayback Machine
1578:
1574:
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1500:
1493:
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1482:
1479:www.arcanum.com
1473:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1450:, a micronation
1420:Armenian fedayi
1401:
1392:Andrijica Šimić
1386:Ivan Bušić Roša
1355:
1350:
1227:Harambaša from
1221:
1219:Serbian hajduks
1215:
1192:
1171:Ustym Karmaliuk
1150:
1144:
1114:
1108:
1063:Markos Botsaris
1053:
1045:Main articles:
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1017:
983:
971:
959:
954:
949:
938:Stefan Karadzha
890:Chavdar Voyvoda
865:
848:
803:
798:
796:Notable hajduks
744:musical troupe
740:, and Romanian
706:
674:
668:
596:
590:
566:Hajdúböszörmény
511:
506:
500:
495:
494:
493:
302:
193:
87:, and parts of
75:) is a type of
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2043:
2041:
2033:
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2027:
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2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
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1972:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1949:External links
1947:
1946:
1945:
1943:on 2016-03-22.
1932:
1926:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1889:
1880:
1873:
1854:
1828:
1817:. 31 July 2004
1802:
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1732:
1725:
1705:
1694:www.sulinet.hu
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1629:
1622:
1602:
1593:
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1548:
1541:
1521:
1514:
1491:
1481:(in Hungarian)
1465:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1451:
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1440:
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1429:
1426:Early Cossacks
1423:
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1397:
1396:
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1380:Ilija Perajica
1377:
1374:Petar Mrkonjić
1371:
1365:
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1327:
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1315:Zeka Buljubaša
1312:
1306:
1300:
1297:Stanoje Glavaš
1294:
1291:Kočina Krajina
1268:
1259:
1253:
1250:Bajo Pivljanin
1247:
1241:
1234:
1214:
1211:
1210:
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1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1183:Oleksa Dovbush
1180:
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1158:Oleksa Dovbush
1156:Actor playing
1146:Main article:
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1110:Main article:
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952:
950:(in Bulgarian)
945:Rumena Voyvoda
941:
935:
932:Hadzhi Dimitar
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
896:Indzhe Voyvoda
893:
892:(16th century)
887:
880:
864:
861:
860:
859:
852:Çerçiz Topulli
847:
844:
843:
842:
839:Kevork Chavush
836:
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1811:"Eurocharts"
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1303:Stojan Čupić
1283:Popular Army
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1129:Sándor Rózsa
1118:Angyal Bandi
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902:Ilyo Voyvoda
875:Ilyo Voyvoda
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1368:Mijat Tomić
1321:Golub Babić
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1167:(1721–1768)
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1135:Jóska Sobri
1131:(1813–1878)
1125:(1688–1713)
1089:(1770–1843)
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1059:(1788–1825)
1036:(1790–1818)
1030: [
1027:Andrei Popa
1018: [
984: [
975:Iancu Jianu
940:(1840–1868)
934:(1840–1868)
928:(1830–1907)
926:Filip Totyu
922:(1830–1918)
916:(1844–1900)
841:(1870–1907)
835:(1865–1927)
829:(1864–1899)
823:(1863–1893)
726:Hajduk Lion
714:Hajduk Kula
118:, while in
1980:Guerrillas
1964:Categories
1699:2024-09-18
1485:2024-09-18
1461:References
1336:Ivan Musić
1244:Deli-Marko
1217:See also:
1165:Ivan Gonta
981:Popa Șapcă
756:, actress
690:Kragujevac
525:, Lord of
387:Macedonian
333:(хайдут),
185:highwaymen
167:Robin Hood
140:Ukrainians
128:Hungarians
124:West Slavs
1815:Billboard
1415:Armatoles
1262:Karađorđe
1148:Haidamaka
1142:Ukrainian
1106:Hungarian
1051:Armatoloi
1009:Maramureș
1000:Wallachia
863:Bulgarian
686:Mlatišuma
682:Crna Bara
620:matchlock
606:The word
480:Ukrainian
475:haidamaka
381:(ајдук),
374:Hungarian
343:Bulgarian
229:Hungarian
221:Hungarian
191:Etymology
77:irregular
63:Hungarian
1847:7 August
1821:7 August
1586:Archived
1438:Banditry
1399:See also
1353:Croatian
1229:Dalmatia
969:Romanian
846:Albanian
833:Andranik
801:Armenian
773:Romanian
738:Haiducii
660:szlachta
636:polearms
624:arquebus
616:uniforms
574:Hajdúság
550:peasants
546:Catholic
531:Habsburg
485:haydamak
414:Romanian
352:haiduque
335:haydutin
325:Armenian
315:Albanian
238:(plural
217:Ottomans
138:for the
122:for the
112:brigands
2005:Outlaws
1975:Bandits
1970:Hajduks
1454:Hayduke
1289:during
1275:Bimbaša
1213:Serbian
1112:Betyárs
963:Karposh
812:papakha
698:Paraćin
653:of the
651:hetmans
640:berdysz
554:hajduks
534:Emperor
489:Yiddish
469:Russian
460:Kurdish
450:Turkish
441:Swedish
428:hajdúch
383:ajdutin
365:Italian
361:aiducco
348:haidouk
291:hayduck
205:Turkish
159:haiduci
155:hajduci
144:outlaws
132:Germans
116:Balkans
114:of the
97:bandits
85:Eastern
81:Central
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1207:Ondráš
1047:Klepht
647:musket
612:Balkan
608:hajduk
558:feudal
465:gajduk
456:hejduk
446:haydut
437:hejduk
432:Slovak
419:hajduk
410:haiduc
405:Romani
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396:Polish
392:hajduk
356:French
339:hayduk
331:haydut
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311:hajdut
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293:, and
287:haiduc
283:haiduk
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256:haydut
252:haidut
248:drover
244:hajdók
240:hajtók
213:haydut
209:haidut
201:hajduk
197:hajduk
134:, and
130:, and
108:hajduk
67:hajdúk
59:hajduk
1363:uskok
1041:Greek
1034:]
1022:]
988:]
884:Delyo
821:Arabo
696:from
688:from
680:from
632:pikes
628:sabre
562:Hajdú
542:serfs
527:Bihar
458:, in
448:, in
439:, in
412:, in
403:, in
394:, in
379:ajduk
372:, in
370:hajdú
363:, in
354:, in
313:, in
275:ajduk
264:hajdó
260:hajtó
236:hajdó
232:hajtó
207:word
72:hajdú
1922:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1849:2024
1823:2024
1788:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1645:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1049:and
742:Roma
724:and
692:and
634:and
223:and
1281:'s
1277:in
998:in
992:fl.
815:hat
580:).
430:in
262:or
254:or
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99:to
1966::
1813:.
1796:.
1755:^
1750:).
1742:,
1692:.
1563:^
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1032:ro
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57:A
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61:(
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