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Following the warâs outbreak, Sugiyama was responsible for directing the Armyâs ensuing military operations. In a matter of months, the Empire of Japan conquered a broad swathe of territory in
Southeast Asia and the western Pacific including Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, Burma, and the Philippines.
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By the beginning of 1943, the tide of the conflict had turned against the
Japanese after their forces were decisively defeated at the battles of Midway and Guadalcanal. In the same year, Sugiyama was awarded the honorary rank of
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991:, Sugiyama committed suicide by shooting himself four times in the chest with his revolver while seated at his desk in his office. At home, his wife also killed herself. His grave is at the
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On 3 June 1938, Sugiyama left his position as Army
Minister to become a member of Japan's Supreme War Council. In December 1938, he briefly left the Council to assume command over the
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which attempted to make Ugaki Prime
Minister. Later that year, as Under Secretary of the Army, he made an official announcement defending the actions of the military in the
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After TÅjÅ's ouster in 1944, Sugiyama again became Army
Minister in the new cabinet of Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso. In July 1945, he was asked to take command of the
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in May 1925 and appointed
Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs in 1928. Within the same timeframe, he also became a leading figure in the Army's
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in 1912, disguised as a civilian trading company employee, and disguised as an
Imperial Japanese Navy lieutenant, joined in an inspection tour of the
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expansion into Asia and the
Pacific, General Sugiyama was one of the leading Army officers lobbying for war with the West. On September 5, 1941,
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As the war fronts collapsed on all sides, Sugiyama was relieved of his post as Chief of the
General Staff on February 21, 1944, by General
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would be completed within three months. Nonetheless, by 1 December 1941, the
Emperor ultimately gave his imperial sanction for war.
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challenged his confidence in a quick victory over the Western powers by berating him for erroneously predicting in 1937 that
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As Army Minister in 1937, Sugiyama was a driving force behind the launch of hostilities against China in retaliation for the
532:. After being named the Armyâs Chief of Staff in 1940, he became a leading advocate for expansion into Southeast Asia and
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cabinet until its dissolution in April 1945. Ten days after Japan's surrender on 2 September 1945, he committed suicide.
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During his tenure, tensions between Japanese forces and the Chinese grew more severe. When
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from positions of authority and Sugiyama was promoted to full general in November 1936.
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in 1901. He served as a junior officer with 3rd Battalion of the 14th Regiment of the
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In February 1937, Sugiyama became Army Minister in the cabinet of Prime Minister
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McEvoy, William P.; Morgan, Troy D.; Tucker, Spencer C. (January 8, 2013).
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The World At Arms:The Reader's Digest Illustrated History of World War II
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596: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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General Sugiyama inspecting Japanese landing sites in Shanghai, 1938
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and remained in that position under the succeeding Prime Minister,
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in 1915, where he met in secret with Indian independence activists
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World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection
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Fateful Choices:Ten Decisions That Changed The World (1940-1941)
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in 1910, Sugiyama served in Section 2 (Intelligence) within the
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outbreak of hostilities in the Pacific theater of World War II
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By September 3, 1940, Hajime Sugiyama succeeded the elderly
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to the post of Army Minister, Sugiyama was sidelined to the
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1269:"Land Battle for Guadalcanal (August 1942-February 1943)"
1511:
Military Commanders of World War Two: A Concise Outline
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1625:. London,UK: The Reader's Digest Association Limited.
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in March 1933. However, the failed coup d'etat of the
1966:
Japanese military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War
728:, he ultimately rose to become the first head of the
705:. In 1918, he was sent as a military observer to the
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Sugiyama (left on first row), as minister of War in
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In 1924, Sugiyama became a protege of Army Minister
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in 1913, he was posted again as military attaché to
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716:On his return to Japan, Sugiyama was promoted to
937:'s (third from left on front row) cabinet, with
830:hostilities broke out near the Marco Polo Bridge
642:, Sugiyama graduated from the 12th class of the
521:and one of Japan's military leaders for most of
1956:Japanese military personnel who died by suicide
1513:. Leicester,UK: Troubadour Publishing Limited.
965:). Shortly thereafter, he was appointed to the
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8:
1606:. London, UK & New York, NY: Routledge.
1412:Dunnigan, James F.; Nofi, Albert A. (1995).
1371:The Best War Ever:America & World War II
1218:
661:After graduating from the 22nd class of the
1941:Japanese military personnel of World War II
1580:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC,CLIO LLC.
1502:Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War
1414:Victory at Sea: World War II in the Pacific
1976:Recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite
1931:Military personnel from Fukuoka Prefecture
1685:
1440:. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
1082:Budge, The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
709:. At the end of the war, he served on the
258:3 October 1940 â 21 February 1944
102:
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1981:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
1437:Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography
1057:Learn how and when to remove this message
654:, and was wounded in the face during the
612:Learn how and when to remove this message
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
1394:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
1132:Ammenthorp, The Generals of World War II
1120:
1106:Ammenthorp, The Generals of World War II
1020:This article includes a list of general
961:(who continued to serve concurrently as
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34:This article includes a list of general
1951:Ministers of the Imperial Japanese Army
1315:Downfall The End of the Japanese Empire
1194:
1184:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
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910:Sugiyama at an airfield on June 1, 1943
515:, January 1, 1880 â September 12, 1945)
1893:Inspector-General of Military Training
1788:Inspector-General of Military Training
1604:Who's Who In Twentieth-Century Warfare
1500:Hayashi, Saburo; Cox, Alvin D (1959).
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967:Inspector-general of Military Training
134:9 February 1937 â 3 June 1938
1416:. William Morrow & Company, Inc.
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749:. Subsequently, he was promoted to
707:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
7:
1816:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff
861:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff
667:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff
594:adding citations to reliable sources
550:until his removal by Prime Minister
244:Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army
202:22 July 1944 â 7 April 1945
1373:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
1026:it lacks sufficient corresponding
791:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
730:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1841:Commander Mongolia Garrison Army
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941:(right on front row), July 1944.
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764:In 1931, he participated in the
713:committee on military aviation.
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543:, Sugiyama served as the armyâs
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1991:Imperial Japanese Army officers
1868:Commander North China Area Army
1666:Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
1576:. In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.).
581:needs additional citations for
16:Imperial Japanese field marshal
1761:Commander IJA 1st General Army
1621:Wright, Michael (Ed.) (1989).
1397:. New York: Harper Perennial.
1275:. ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 106.
797:in 1936 led to a purge of the
644:Imperial Japanese Army Academy
512:Sugiyama Hajime / Sugiyama Gen
1:
1971:Suicides by firearm in Japan
1653:The Generals of World War II
1557:. London,UK: Penguin Books.
1369:Adams, Michael C.C. (1994).
1273:Japan at War:An Encyclopedia
1271:. In Perez, Louis G. (ed.).
840:Promotion to Army leadership
779:With the rise of the rival
741:Involvement in Army politics
536:against the United States.
1602:Tucker, Spencer C. (2001).
1572:Kurosawa, Fumitaka (2016).
978:anticipated Allied invasion
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2007:
1485:. London: Arms and Armor.
1481:Shokan: Hirohito's Samurai
530:Marco Polo Bridge Incident
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834:Second Sino-Japanese War
724:. A strong proponent of
473:Second Sino-Japanese War
451:Northern China Area Army
367:Order of the Golden Kite
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1041:more precise citations.
371:Order of the Rising Sun
55:more precise citations.
1961:People from Kitakyushu
1808:Prince Kan'in Kotohito
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302:Prince Kan'in Kotohito
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1897:Aug 1936 â Feb 1937
1872:Dec 1938 â Aug 1939
1820:Oct 1940 â Feb 1944
1792:Jul 1944 â Nov 1944
1735:Jul 1944 â Apr 1945
795:February 26 incident
669:. He was posted as
590:improve this article
523:the Second World War
478:Bombing of Chongqing
116:Minister of the Army
1647:Ammenthorp, Steen.
1197:, pp. 371â372.
983:Ten days after the
703:Subhas Chandra Bose
1689:Political offices
1325:Chen, WW2 Database
985:surrender of Japan
974:First General Army
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916:Second World War's
914:On the eve of the
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886:. You can help by
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683:United States Navy
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652:Russo-Japanese War
640:Fukuoka Prefecture
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468:Russo-Japanese War
455:First General Army
352:September 12, 1945
339:Fukuoka Prefecture
1946:Marshals of Japan
1936:Japanese generals
1909:
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1903:Hisaichi Terauchi
1900:Succeeded by
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1861:Hisaichi Terauchi
1848:Succeeded by
1823:Succeeded by
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1748:Military offices
1738:Succeeded by
1711:Succeeded by
1675:"Sugiyama Hajima"
1649:"Sugiyama Hajime"
1574:"Hajime Sugiyama"
1564:978-0-14-311372-0
1456:Frank, Richard B.
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1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1798:Shunroku Hata
1790:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1772:
1771:Kenji Doihara
1763:
1762:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1731:Army Minister
1725:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1704:Army Minister
1698:
1692:
1687:
1680:
1676:
1673:Chen, Peter.
1671:
1667:
1663:
1660:Budge, Kent.
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1632:0-89577-333-3
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1613:0-203-40253-7
1609:
1605:
1600:
1593:September 16,
1589:
1587:9781851099696
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1542:0-203-43246-0
1538:
1535:. Routledge.
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1492:1-85409-151-4
1488:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1471:
1469:0-14-100146-1
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1447:0-7858-0437-4
1443:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1423:0-688-14947-2
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1404:0-06-093130-2
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1380:0-8018-4697-8
1376:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1351:
1348:
1337:
1332:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1288:September 16,
1284:
1282:9781598847420
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1257:, p. 63.
1256:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1233:, p. 60.
1232:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1121:Kurosawa 2016
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1058:
1050:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1018:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
993:Tama Cemetery
990:
989:Allied Powers
986:
981:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
960:
955:
953:
952:field marshal
947:
940:
936:
935:Kuniaki Koiso
931:
927:
925:
921:
917:
908:
898:
889:
885:
882:This section
880:
877:
873:
872:
866:
864:
862:
858:
853:
851:
847:
839:
837:
835:
831:
826:
824:
820:
811:
805:Army Minister
804:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:
777:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
751:major general
748:
740:
736:Rise to power
735:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:British India
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:(now part of
633:
629:
628:
616:
613:
605:
595:
591:
585:
584:
579:This section
577:
573:
568:
567:
561:
559:
557:
553:
549:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
519:field marshal
513:
501:
492:
486:
483:
479:
476:
475:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
463:
459:
456:
452:
448:
447:12th Division
445:
441:
438:
437:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:
402:
398:
395:
384:
380:
375:
372:
368:
365:
361:
351:
347:
344:
340:
336:
331:
327:
322:
318:
315:
312:
306:
303:
300:
294:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
277:
271:
268:
265:
261:
255:
250:
247:
246:General Staff
241:
238:
235:
229:
226:
223:
217:
214:
213:Kuniaki Koiso
211:
205:
199:
194:
191:
188:
182:
179:
176:
170:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
153:
147:
144:
141:
137:
131:
126:
122:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
91:
84:
75:
72:
64:
54:
50:
44:
43:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
1891:
1866:
1839:
1813:
1786:
1781:OtozÅ Yamada
1759:
1729:
1702:
1679:WW2 Database
1678:
1665:
1652:
1622:
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1577:
1554:
1551:Kershaw, Ian
1532:
1529:Keegan, John
1510:
1501:
1480:
1459:
1435:
1413:
1392:
1370:
1347:Japan portal
1321:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1272:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1195:Kershaw 2008
1190:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1102:
1078:
1053:
1047:October 2019
1044:
1025:
997:Fuchū, Tokyo
982:
971:
956:
948:
944:
913:
892:
888:adding to it
883:
867:World War II
854:
843:
827:
816:
798:
780:
778:
763:
758:
744:
715:
660:
630:family from
625:
623:
608:
599:
588:Please help
583:verification
580:
544:
538:
527:
499:
498:
485:World War II
461:Battles/wars
434:
358:Tokyo, Japan
354:(1945-09-12)
309:Succeeded by
253:
232:Succeeded by
197:
185:Succeeded by
129:
67:
58:
39:
18:
1926:1945 deaths
1921:1880 births
1826:TÅjÅ Hideki
1724:TÅjÅ Hideki
1243:Wright 1989
1207:Keegan 2002
1160:Kanski 2018
1095:Tucker 2001
1039:introducing
959:Hideki TÅjÅ
787:Sadao Araki
770:coup-d'etat
768:, a failed
675:Philippines
552:Hideki Tojo
314:Hideki Tojo
297:Preceded by
287:Hideki Tojo
225:Hideki Tojo
220:Preceded by
173:Preceded by
53:introducing
1915:Categories
1878:Hayao Tada
1255:Adams 1994
1231:Adams 1994
1022:references
1003:References
382:Allegiance
36:references
1814:Chief of
732:in 1922.
687:Subic Bay
679:Singapore
539:Upon the
421:1901â1945
254:In office
198:In office
130:In office
61:July 2020
1553:(2008).
1531:(2002).
1458:(1999).
1434:(1992).
1391:(2001).
848:and the
685:base at
545:de facto
443:Commands
1313:Frank,
1035:improve
759:TÅseiha
722:colonel
673:to the
650:in the
627:samurai
263:Monarch
139:Monarch
49:improve
1629:
1610:
1584:
1561:
1539:
1517:
1489:
1466:
1444:
1420:
1401:
1377:
1279:
1024:, but
799:KÅdÅha
782:KÅdÅha
757:, the
632:Kokura
436:Gensui
409:
391:
363:Awards
335:Kokura
38:, but
1333:Books
1303:Ibid.
1182:Bix,
1172:Ibid.
1142:Ibid.
1070:Notes
995:, in
691:major
343:Japan
267:ShÅwa
143:ShÅwa
1755:none
1627:ISBN
1608:ISBN
1595:2022
1582:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1487:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1418:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1290:2022
1277:ISBN
836:..
701:and
677:and
506:æå±± å
426:Rank
349:Died
329:Born
95:æå±± å
954:.
890:.
863:.
761:.
638:),
592:by
525:.
1917::
1677:.
1664:.
1651:.
1148:^
1111:^
1087:^
999:.
980:.
825:.
776:.
509:,
369:,
341:,
337:,
1681:.
1668:.
1655:.
1635:.
1616:.
1597:.
1567:.
1545:.
1523:.
1495:.
1472:.
1450:.
1426:.
1407:.
1383:.
1292:.
1060:)
1054:(
1049:)
1045:(
1031:.
897:)
893:(
615:)
609:(
604:)
600:(
586:.
503:(
74:)
68:(
63:)
59:(
45:.
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