872:
47:
741:
849:
assumes that she can be considered a personified attribute or epithet of Ḫepat. However, it has been proposed that she was a separate goddess associated with the underworld, and in one case she appears in a ritual alongside Allani and Ishara. Another dyad consisted of Ḫepat and the otherwise unknown
1148:
documenting the period when the city was under the control of the kingdom of Yamhad: Ḫebat-allani, Ḫebat-DINGIR (reading of the second element is uncertain), Ḫebat-muhirni, Ḫebat-ubarra and Ummu-Ḫebat. She is also one of the three deities, the other two being Adad and the city goddess of
Alalakh,
1663:
are reinterpreted by this author as "the reception of the intelligible forms by the world soul, participating in the 'mundane intellect' of the world, that is to say
Dionysus". Orphic hymn number 49, possibly composed between the second and third centuries CE, is dedicated to Hipta and similarly
1286:Ḫepat was among the Hurrian deities worshiped in Ugarit. She appears exclusively in texts belonging to the Hurrian milieu in this city. However, her position in the local variant of the Hurrian pantheon was relatively low, and it is presumed that Šauška retained the role of the foremost goddess.
1216:
festival. It was apparently located inside the city. Furthermore, an inventory of metal objects belonging to Ḫepat has been identified among texts discovered in Emar. Theophoric names invoking her are attested in sources from this city too. Examples include Asmu-Ḫebat and Ḫebat-ilī.
1041:. She always appears in association with Aleppo in Eblaite sources, though she is very sparsely attested in this text corpus. She received offerings of various golden and silver objects, as well as cattle. In the offering list TM.76.G.22 she is the seventh deity mentioned, after
688:. The earliest evidence for this pairing has been identified in Old Babylonian sources from Mari. However, according to Lluís Feliu it is not impossible that among eastern Hurrian communities Shala was regarded as Teshub's wife instead, which might explain her appearance among
941:
notes that the character of the goddess of Arinna was dissimilar to that of Ḫepat, and that unlike the latter she had a well established individual role in the pantheon. Furthermore, Ḫepat never replaced her in her traditional position in treaties and similar documents.
859:(divine attendant), Takitu and Tiyabenti. While only Takitu appears in myths, she and Tiyabenti coexist in ritual texts, where both can accompany their mistress, which according to Marie-Claude Trémouille indicates that the view that one of them was merely an
838:Ḫepat could also form a dyad alongside one of her children, usually Šarruma, though attestations of Allanzu and Kunzišalli in this context are known too. Another deity who in ritual texts could form a dyad with her was Mušuni, "she of justice."
1257:
when they arrived in the same area a few centuries later. She is particularly well attested in sources originating in western
Hurrian communities. She was the highest ranked Hurrian goddess in the traditions of Aleppo and the kingdom of
1699:. Laura Miguélez instead concludes Mystis was based on artistic portrayals of Dionysus in the company of nurses, and on vague knowledge that women fulfilling such roles played a role in some of the cults dedicated to this god.
1335:
While Ḫepat was not regarded as one of the major deities in the eastern
Hurrian polities, she was not entirely unknown there. It has been proposed that she was perceived as a deity of high status by the royal family of the
981:
from this city the theonym Ḫepat might have been used as a stand-in for Pidray. According to Daniel
Schwemer, it is unlikely that this equation reflected a tradition in which Pidray was the wife of the local weather god,
1069:
of Šetil (another small, poorly known settlement). Another text, written during the sixth year of Ibbi-Zikir and focused on offerings to the weather god of Aleppo, mentions that the king of Ebla offered a buckle to her.
660:
local goddesses might have been recognized as his partners, for example Bēlet-Apim or Bēlet-Qaṭṭarā. Schwemer suggests that Ḫepat might have nonetheless been recognized as his spouse in the
Mesopotamian kingdom of
834:
sanctuary: Takitu, Hutena and
Hutellura, Allani, Ishara, Nabarbi, Shalash, Damkina, Nikkal, Aya, Šauška and Shuwala are identified by name in accompanying inscriptions, while six other goddesses are left unnamed.
1421:
came to reign over the
Hittite Empire. In the Šunaššura treaty, Ḫepat and Teshub, described as the deities of Aleppo, appear directly after the three main deities of the Hittite state pantheon, the weather god
1690:
can be considered analogous to Hipta, and that while he did not invent this name, he was the first to apply it to a preexisting orphic figure. She suggests that the change was meant to further highlight her
1798:
manages to bring a message from him to Ḫepat, which almost makes her fall from the roof of her temple, though her servants manage to stop her. Her isolation is also mentioned by Ea when he asks the giant
1077:
invoking Ḫepat is known from Ebla from the second millennium BCE. A local ruler, one of the possible members of a dynasty which ruled in the city in the twentieth century BCE, was named Igriš-Ḫeba (
519:, though he also supports interpreting the Eblaite goddess as an early form of Ḫepat. The assumption that both names refer to the same goddess is also supported by other researchers, for example
588:, as she was invoked particularly commonly in Hurrian theophoric names attributing the birth of a child to the help of a specific deity, one example being Uru-Ḫepa, "Ḫepat let the girl exist".
1348:, both from the fourteenth century BCE. In Nuzi names invoking her are uncommon. Two examples are known, Šuwar-Ḫepa and Šatu-Ḫepa; both of these individuals were relatives of a local prince.
1794:
with finding out the fate of her husband Teshub after his initial confrontation with
Ullikummi. The fragment describing her journey and return are poorly preserved. Later Teshub's brother
1144:
invoking Ḫepat occur in sources from Mari, with examples cited in older literature being now considered misreadings or otherwise dubious. Five examples are however attested in texts from
1731:
variant of Mamma and who as sometimes argued might have had solar traits. However, he ultimately considers Ḫepat and the possible forerunner of Ma to be two originally separate figures.
1742:
was a local form of Ḫepat is implausible according to
Rostislav Oreshko, as most of the attested Lycian deities find no direct correspondence with other figures worshiped in ancient
1575:
in the pantheons of their easternmost communities. She appears in Luwian ritual texts originating in Kizzuwatna, where Hurrian and Luwian traditions coexisted. However, as noted by
1196:
stones, often interpreted by researchers as aniconic representations of deities, though this view is not universally accepted. The use of such objects is documented in texts from
723:, which reflected the development of a new tradition presumably dependent on considering him analogous to Teshub. She also retained her role as the spouse of the weather god in
560:". The last of them occurs in Hittite treaties. She could also be linked to the institution of kingship. A Hurrian ceremony dedicated to her was concerned with the concept of
1834:
In coastal areas from the fifteenth century onward Hadad came to be replaced as the primary name of the weather god with the epithet Baal, treated as if it was a proper name.
4515:
4168:
Oreshko, Rostislav (2021). "In Search of the Holy Cube Roots: Kubaba—Kubeleya—Κύβεβος—Kufaws and the Problem of Ethnocultural Contact in Early Iron Age Anatolia".
1149:
here designated by the logogram IŠTAR (in the past erroneously interpreted as an epithet of Ḫepat), who are invoked in the curse formula in a text detailing how
1301:
in a sequence of deities who were recipients of offerings during it. RS 24.291, a bilingual text dealing with another ritual, which was focused on the bed of
1212:
dedicated to her is mentioned in instruction for the initiation of a NIN.DINGIR priestess of the local weather god, and offerings to it were made during the
1200:, Mari and Ebla as well, and it is presumed it was a distinct feature of religious practice in ancient Syria from the third millennium BCE to the end of the
907:
O Sun-goddess of Arinna, my lady, queen of all the lands! In Hatti you gave yourself the name Sun-goddess of Arinna, but the land which you made that of the
1790:, in which the eponymous monster blocks the entrance of her temple, making her unable to communicate with other gods, which prompts her to task her servant
4635:
1559:. There is also some evidence that the worship of Ḫepat spread to cities located in the north of the Hittite sphere of influence, including Ḫurma and Uda.
1305:, prescribes offering a single ram to Ḫepat during the first day of the celebrations, and two of the same animal and then separately a cow on the second.
1229:
is best known today. According to Alfonso Archi, after the fall of Ebla she and a number of other deities belonging to the pantheon of the city, such as
1449:
version of the treaty between the Hittite Empire and Egypt, presumably originally compiled when peace was established in 1259 BCE (twenty first year of
1445:). However, this placement of the pair is unique. Typically Ḫepat was not listed among the most major deities in treaties. She is also attested in the
962:, presumably due to her connection to his son, Adad. Lluís Feliu suggests that she might have been viewed as the daughter of the former and his wife
1849:; similar ancestral deities are also attested for Teshub, Šauška, Lelluri, Šimige and Nikkal and were based on similar Mesopotamian deities such as
1136:
in the royal palace in Aleppo. In another letter an anonymous woman mentions she will pray for Zimri-Lim to her and a weather god (IŠKUR), possibly
279:, though their respective roles were distinct and most likely this theological conception only had limited recognition. In Ugarit the local goddess
1779:
warns Teshub that if the conflict between him and Kumarbi continues, the gods' human followers might be harmed, which would lead to him, Ḫepat and
4291:
Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien nach den schriftlichen Quellen
1495:
sanctuary, which was dedicated to the worship of deities of Hurrian origin. The procession of goddesses who follow them reflects the order of the
644:
suggests that two pairings, one belonging to the tradition of Aleppo and the other reflecting coastal beliefs, coexisted in Emar. Further east in
1727:
by extension, which in turn after Hurrian theonyms ceased to be used in the region might have led to the emergence of Ma, whose name might be a
334:
sources, is sometimes presumed to be a late form of her. A less direct connection between her and another figure known from classical sources,
298:. She was also incorporated into Hurrian religion, though most of the related evidence comes exclusively from western Hurrian polities such as
1184:
suggests that the double temple discovered during excavations was dedicated jointly to her and the local weather god. However, as stressed by
4525:
4496:
4411:
4299:
4278:
4243:
4212:
4185:
4131:
4104:
4007:
3974:
3950:
3931:
3898:
3863:
3685:
3650:
1521:
were already introduced to the local pantheon during the reign of Tudhaliya III, when he had to relocate the capital to this city after the
5024:
4318:
830:" and various cultic paraphernalia connected with her. A similar group of deities follows Ḫepat and her family on the reliefs from the
4392:
556:
could be employed to designate Ḫepat as a deity who held a high position in the pantheon, for example "queen", "lady of heaven" and "
4373:
4158:
4053:
4026:
3834:
3787:
3753:
633:
in local tradition, rather than exclusively with Ḫepat, though he accepts that the ritual texts only acknowledge the latter pair.
1128:, a mourning ceremony combined with the offering of sacrificial animals to deities, which in this case was held in honor of king
465:)". He romanizes the Eblaite theonym as Ḫalabatu. He concludes that the later form of the name developed through the process of
4628:
4811:
311:
259:, a type of offering lists dedicated to the circle of a specific deity. She commonly appears in them alongside her children,
609:. It is possible that this connection went as far back as the twenty seventh century BCE. It is assumed that she and Hadda (
871:
218:, "to love". Her best attested role is that of the spouse of various weather gods. She was already associated with Adad in
5176:
3990:
Hernández de la Fuente, David (2014). "Neoplatonic Form and Content in Nonnus: Towards a New Reading of Nonnian Poetics".
1807:
1253:, and as a result were reduced to figures of at best local significance, eventually incorporated into the religion of the
310:, as well as among the eastern Hurrian communities, her importance was comparably smaller. She was also incorporated into
1591:, which reflected the development of a new partially Hurrianized Luwian local pantheon. She might also be depicted on an
926:
considers it impossible that this idea was adopted into everyday religious practices of the general Hittite population.
704:, Ḫepat was recognized only as the spouse of Teshub, venerated there as the god of Aleppo, while the local weather god,
4607:
1469:
1379:, during which he seized the statues of deities worshiped in this Hurrian polity, among them this goddess, as well as
557:
1610:
argues that her presence in this kingdom might indicate that despite lack of attestations she was still worshiped in
246:. Associations between her and numerous other deities are described in Hurrian ritual texts, where she heads her own
5232:
4621:
318:
through Hurrian mediation, and as a result continued to be worshiped in the first millennium BCE in states such as
5227:
5222:
5212:
1583:
and only in the first millennium BCE she became a "Luwianized" deity. She was worshiped alongside Tarḫunz in the
1278:. In addition to Ḫepat herself, her various cultic paraphernalia could be venerated too, for example her throne.
5217:
5207:
5202:
4931:
827:
537:
In early scholarship attempts have been made to show a linguistic connection between the theonym Ḫepat and the
286:
The oldest evidence for the worship of Ḫepat comes from texts from Ebla, though she was not a major goddess in
238:, which in the first millennium BCE led to the development of a tradition in which she was the spouse of his
4673:
504:, "to love". Lluís Feliu notes it is not impossible both options are correct, which would reflect a case of
222:
and Aleppo in the third millennium BCE, and in later times they are attested as a couple in cities such as
4902:
1289:
In the text RS 24.261, a ritual combining Hurrian and Ugaritic elements and focused on the local goddess
1724:
1457:. However, the Egyptian scribe apparently misunderstood Ḫepat as the name of a male deity, treating the
1427:
1105:
1016:
892:
657:
585:
435:
276:
152:
1058:
5161:
5004:
1294:
1038:
900:
625:, where she occurs alongside the local weather god in a festival focused on the NIN.DINGIR priestess.
572:, "kingship". Ḫepat also had maternal characteristics, and could be invoked in rituals connected with
287:
4716:
1764:, which deal with the struggle over kingship among the gods between the eponymous figure and his son
1154:
931:
767:
634:
509:
439:
4999:
1550:
1509:, when the king temporarily resided there during a period of political turmoil. During the reign of
727:
in the first millennium BCE, and in inscriptions from this city Tarḫunz appears alongside "Ḫipatu".
4897:
1863:
1712:
1600:
1407:
1393:
1388:
1174:
916:
803:
524:
4404:
The politics of ritual change: the Zukru festival in the political history of late Bronze Age Emar
1372:
839:
823:
457:
texts can be considered an early form of Ḫepat's name and indicates it should be interpreted as a
5069:
4191:
4114:
Miguélez, Laura (2014). "Cavero Personifications at the Service of Dionysus: the Bacchic Court".
4048:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East. Vol. 68. Leiden: Brill.
3914:
García-Gasco, Rosa (2014). "Nonnus' Mystic Vocabulary Revisited: Mystis in Dionysiaca 9.111–31".
3772:
Silva Anatolica: Anatolian studies presented to Maciej Popko on the occasion of his 65th birthday
3716:
1850:
1356:
1313:
498:
458:
212:
208:
1545:
669:
dedicated to him. Shala is attested in theophoric names from this city, though all of them are
5181:
4644:
4531:
4521:
4502:
4492:
4471:
4417:
4407:
4388:
4369:
4341:
4305:
4295:
4274:
4249:
4239:
4218:
4208:
4181:
4154:
4127:
4100:
4072:
4059:
4049:
4032:
4022:
4003:
3970:
3946:
3927:
3894:
3869:
3859:
3840:
3830:
3793:
3783:
3749:
3708:
3681:
3656:
3646:
1446:
1185:
693:
670:
653:
626:
546:
494:
367:
1541:
5166:
5079:
4964:
4831:
4826:
4791:
4668:
4663:
4461:
4361:
4333:
4266:
4173:
4146:
4119:
3995:
3919:
3775:
3741:
3673:
1556:
1530:
1454:
1368:
1327:
indicates that a temple of Ḫepat existed in the proximity of Ugarit in the settlement ‘Ari.
1230:
1226:
1004:
884:
819:
815:
681:
454:
395:
248:
231:
174:
108:
1544:, she was worshiped alongside other deities associated with Teshub during a section of the
1492:
831:
56:
5171:
1707:
René Lebrun has proposed that an indirect connection might have existed between Ḫepat and
1580:
1141:
1074:
978:
754:, or offering lists, dedicated to Ḫepat, and as such formed a part of her circle: her son
740:
689:
403:
398:. The breve under the first consonant is sometimes omitted. A variant of the name without
315:
46:
4270:
1631:
and attested in four Greek inscriptions from Katakaumene, a region located in historical
390:
can both be found in modern literature, with the former being an attempt at representing
3969:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1: The Near and Middle East (in German). Brill.
1866:
as male deities, despite correctly determining the gender of most other deities invoked.
5059:
4949:
4610:("Mythos von Kumarbi: ein Fragment") in the TITUS Corpus of Hittite Mythological Texts.
3735:
1768:, Ḫepat appears as one of the allies of the latter. She is mentioned in passing in the
1576:
1501:(offering lists). Alongside Teshub Ḫepat formed the main pair in the local pantheon of
1337:
1324:
1318:
1312:, though one of them belonged to a person from outside the city. A letter sent by king
1309:
1250:
1188:
in textual sources she occurs in "a fairly narrow setting" compared to deities such as
936:
639:
514:
4721:
4319:"The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies: Part II"
3855:
The installation of Baal's high priestess at Emar: a window on ancient Syrian religion
3767:
1723:), who later came to be conflated by Ḫepat, acquiring an indirect connection with the
1647:' works was focused on her. He describes her as responsible for receiving the newborn
1007:
texts indicate that under the early form of her name, Ḫalabāytu, she was worshiped in
775:
5196:
4771:
4678:
4353:
4195:
1588:
1526:
1506:
1483:. She is depicted standing on the back of a leopard and accompanied by her children (
1458:
1340:, where she is attested in theophoric names of princesses. The attested examples are
1274:
from her position attested in sources from most Hurrian centers in the east, such as
1089:
1027:
880:
712:
666:
391:
319:
4912:
4816:
4731:
1795:
1423:
896:
787:
423:
4095:
Lemire, Vincent (2022). "The Birth of a Holy City: 4000 BCE to Second Century CE".
3960:
3763:
1708:
1605:
1510:
1412:
1242:
1179:
927:
921:
529:
520:
497:
words. An alternate proposal is to interpret it as Ḫibbat, "the beloved", from the
466:
375:
335:
5029:
4984:
4766:
4756:
4582:
4430:
4356:(2013). "Hittite Gods in Egyptian Attire: A Case Study in Cultural Transmission".
1780:
1771:
1572:
1518:
1271:
799:
744:
An illustration showing the procession of goddesses following Ḫepat in Yazılıkaya.
720:
697:
508:. Doubts about the validity of both etymological proposals have been expressed by
243:
114:
4563:
4544:
4236:
Kulturlandschaft Syrien: Zentrum und Peripherie. Festschrift für Jan-Waalke Meyer
3964:
3888:
3853:
3824:
3806:
844:
253:
5074:
4866:
4044:
Hutter, Manfred (2003). "Aspects of Luwian Religion". In Melchert, Craig (ed.).
1719:. He argues that possibly the site was initially associated with Hittite Mamma (
1692:
1659:) and a snake. Her actions and the aforementioned god's birth from the thigh of
1584:
1502:
1450:
1267:
1133:
1117:
1109:
1046:
959:
662:
645:
602:
207:
in the third millennium BCE. Her name is often presumed to be either a feminine
4337:
576:. While this aspect of her character is only directly documented in texts from
211:
referring to her connection to this city, or alternatively a derivative of the
5115:
4917:
4876:
4851:
4821:
4801:
4751:
4491:. Paris Leuven Walpole MA: Editions recherche sur les civilisations, Peeters.
4421:
4365:
4177:
4150:
4123:
3999:
3923:
1746:, and the second element of the name is more likely to be related to the word
1686:
1484:
1431:
1418:
1308:
Fifteen theophoric names invoking Ḫepat have been identified in the corpus of
1259:
1201:
1034:
1019:
908:
795:
755:
724:
299:
260:
132:
4475:
4345:
4253:
4222:
4063:
3873:
3712:
3660:
601:Ḫepat's best attested characteristic was her status as the spouse of various
5064:
5039:
4535:
4506:
4309:
4036:
3890:
Time at Emar: The Cultic Calendar and the Rituals from the Diviner's Archive
3844:
3797:
3697:"A Royal Seal from Ebla (17th cent. B.C.) with Hittite Hieroglyphic Symbols"
1786:
1728:
1696:
1652:
1592:
1351:
While western Hurrian literary texts describe Ḫepat as a deity worshiped in
1345:
1341:
1205:
1150:
1129:
1113:
1093:
1023:
674:
665:, though he admits there is no evidence that she was worshiped in the local
573:
431:
427:
415:
411:
379:
351:
4871:
4806:
4761:
1596:
1238:
323:
3807:"Pantheon A. II. Bei den Hethitern · Pantheon A. II. In Hittite tradition"
3745:
3677:
1371:. She is mentioned for the first time in Hittite sources in an account of
1104:
It is presumed that Ḫepat continued to be worshiped in Aleppo through the
977:
as the local counterpart of Ḫepat. Wilfred H. van Soldt suggested that in
5125:
5034:
4989:
4881:
4706:
4658:
4466:
3779:
3439:
3437:
1815:
1800:
1776:
1743:
1716:
1648:
1628:
1522:
1505:, where Hurrian deities were introduced in the beginning of the reign of
1263:
1254:
1246:
1189:
888:
538:
505:
419:
303:
272:
192:
80:
3720:
1783:
having to work to provide themselves with food. She also appears in the
1671:
in mystic rites she takes part, she exults in the worship of pure Sabos,
1015:
in the third millennium BCE. She is first attested during the reigns of
17:
5130:
5110:
5100:
4861:
4856:
4836:
4796:
4746:
4736:
4726:
3696:
1811:
1760:
1735:
1720:
1644:
1640:
1627:
It is possible that Hipta (Ἵπτα), a goddess regarded as the consort of
1568:
1488:
1480:
1434:
1399:
1384:
1380:
1290:
1234:
1145:
1121:
1062:
1054:
963:
860:
811:
807:
783:
779:
759:
716:
630:
618:
577:
553:
407:
347:
264:
239:
223:
136:
118:
1406:
were the two main deities in the dynastic pantheon which according to
446:. In older publications this variant is sometimes romanized as Khipa.
5145:
5140:
5095:
4994:
4959:
4907:
4846:
4841:
4741:
4701:
1791:
1765:
1681:
1636:
1611:
1535:
1514:
1461:
1438:
1403:
1376:
1302:
1298:
1197:
1158:
1137:
1066:
1050:
1030:
1012:
974:
970:
955:
951:
855:
791:
771:
763:
701:
685:
606:
565:
462:
331:
307:
291:
280:
275:
sources, she could sometimes be recognized as the counterpart of the
268:
235:
200:
162:
104:
76:
52:
4613:
4484:
4449:
4289:
4231:
1468:, even though she is designated in this text by the feminine title "
891:
and Hittite deities, attempts were made to syncretise Ḫepat and the
3893:. Mesopotamian civilizations. Pennsylvania State University Press.
3638:
402:
is attested in primary sources. It occurs particularly commonly in
5135:
5120:
4954:
4939:
1632:
1571:, initially as a result of Teshub displacing the native storm god
1540:, where he resided near the end of his reign. During the reign of
1352:
1000:
958:Ḫepat seemingly belonged to the circle of deities associated with
870:
739:
649:
581:
327:
204:
1635:, was a late form of Ḫepat. Later on Hipta was incorporated into
617:
texts. Outside of this area, this tradition was also followed in
580:, Thomas Richter argues that it might have already been known in
5105:
4170:
Linguistic and Cultural Interactions between Greece and Anatolia
1660:
1442:
1275:
1170:
1042:
1008:
983:
705:
622:
614:
610:
295:
227:
219:
98:
4617:
3466:
3464:
4944:
1245:, did not retain their former position in the religion of the
542:
1810:
346.12 Ḫepat instructs Takitu to travel through the lands of
4083:(1). Persée - Portail des revues scientifiques en SHS: 87–94
1293:
and her Hurrian counterpart Šauška, Ḫepat is listed between
3412:
3410:
2610:
2608:
1359:, it is not certain if she was venerated in this location.
1092:
which might have belonged to a son of another local ruler,
4234:. In Becker, Jörg; Hempelmann, Ralph; Rehm, Ellen (eds.).
3139:
3137:
3135:
2823:
2821:
2350:
2348:
1453:'s reign), following earlier hostilities which led to the
999:
The worship of Ḫepat had its roots in the north of modern
895:. The best known source attesting it is a prayer of queen
4077:
Publications de l'Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes
3591:
3589:
3587:
3217:
3215:
3178:
3176:
2547:
2545:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2452:
2450:
1968:
1966:
1270:. However, she only acquired this position by displacing
3002:
3000:
2998:
2886:
2884:
2637:
2635:
2532:
2530:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1803:
if he is aware of the impact of Ullikummi on the world.
1037:. However, she was not a goddess of major importance in
748:
In Hurrian sources various deities were included in the
2925:
2923:
2736:
2734:
2413:
2411:
2090:
2088:
2075:
2073:
2060:
2058:
2002:
2000:
1900:
1898:
1885:
1883:
1680:
Rosa García-Gasco additionally argues that Mystis from
1157:
became the ruler of this city after the destruction of
879:
In an effort to harmonize the dynastic pantheon of the
3443:
2231:
2229:
2120:
2118:
2105:
2103:
1669:
I call upon Hipta, nurse of Bacchos, maiden possessed,
1169:
The worship of Ḫepat is also documented in texts from
39:
Tutelary goddess of Aleppo and wife of the weather god
2258:
2256:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1844:
1496:
1430:, and a "tutelary deity of Hatti" (designated by the
749:
731:
361:
355:
290:. In later times she was worshiped in the kingdom of
267:
and Kunzišalli. Her divine attendant was the goddess
182:
4485:"Divinities in Personal Names at Ugarit, Ras Shamra"
1491:
and Kunzišalli) on the central relief of the nearby
715:
in the eighth century BCE Ḫepat was paired with the
5154:
5088:
5052:
5017:
4977:
4930:
4890:
4784:
4694:
4687:
4651:
4073:"Kummanni et Tarse, deux centres ciliciens majeurs"
1675:O queen and chthonic mother, hear my prayer (...).
1065:of Aidu (a sparsely attested minor settlement) and
613:) of Aleppo were already viewed as a couple in the
158:
148:
143:
128:
91:
86:
72:
64:
32:
1417:first developed when a new dynasty originating in
930:refers to it as a "rare and exceptional" example.
4360:. Penn State University Press. pp. 433–458.
4099:. University of California Press. pp. 7–59.
1225:As argued by Daniel E. Fleming, Ḫepat's role in
875:Possible depiction of the Sun goddess of Arinna.
853:Two deities are attested in the role of Ḫepat's
673:and belonged to people hailing from neighboring
3707:(1). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 18–28.
1715:, commonly assumed to correspond to Bronze Age
1666:
1398:. The statue was then deposited in a temple of
905:
4358:Literature as Politics, Politics as Literature
3639:"The West Hurrian Pantheon and Its Background"
708:, was most likely considered to be unmarried.
283:could be considered analogous to her instead.
203:, originally worshiped in the north of modern
4629:
3641:. In Collins, B. J.; Michalowski, P. (eds.).
1862:The scribe similarly incorrectly interpreted
1479:In the Hittite Empire Ḫepat was worshiped in
8:
4520:. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips.
3482:
3470:
1758:In Hurrian myths belonging to the so-called
55:(left) and their family, as depicted on the
4207:. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
1673:and in the night dances of roaring Iacchos.
4974:
4927:
4887:
4781:
4691:
4636:
4622:
4614:
4232:"Ein Hurriter wird geboren... und benannt"
3428:
2614:
1476:; translation of cuneiform SAL.LUGAL.AN).
648:the spouse of the weather god was usually
45:
4465:
4326:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions
3102:
2725:
911:, there you gave yourself the name Ḫebat.
4564:"Name, Namengebung D. Bei den Hurritern"
3494:
3455:
3416:
3155:
3143:
3114:
3042:
2875:
2827:
2677:
2665:
2497:
2456:
2441:
2429:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2354:
1972:
1664:describes her as the nurse of Dionysus:
1517:, though it is possible she, Teshub and
1367:Ḫepat also came to be incorporated into
887:, with the state pantheon consisting of
449:According to Alfonso Archi, the theonym
4385:Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia
3643:Beyond Hatti: a tribute to Gary Beckman
3619:
3607:
3595:
3578:
3566:
3554:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3245:
3233:
3221:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3167:
3126:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2977:
2914:
2890:
2788:
2653:
2641:
2626:
2599:
2575:
2551:
2536:
2521:
2473:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2286:
2247:
2220:
2160:
2148:
2136:
2006:
1945:
1933:
1904:
1889:
1879:
1827:
1651:, and states that she carried a ritual
1081:ḪI-IB, with the last two signs read as
954:during the existence of the kingdom of
4294:(in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
3542:
3530:
3518:
3506:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3281:
3269:
3257:
3090:
3078:
3066:
3054:
2965:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2812:
2800:
2713:
2485:
2037:
2025:
1957:
29:
4238:(in German). Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
3401:
3389:
2989:
2902:
2863:
2851:
2839:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2701:
2689:
2563:
2509:
2417:
2366:
2298:
2274:
2262:
2208:
2124:
2109:
2094:
2079:
2064:
1921:
1579:, she did not yet belong to the core
1249:, who became the dominant culture in
7:
3966:Geschichte der hethitischen Religion
2587:
2235:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2049:
1991:
1555:taking place in the local temple of
629:argues that he was also linked with
549:they are phonologically dissimilar.
4450:"Foreigners and Religion at Ugarit"
4141:Niehr, Herbert (2014). "Religion".
4097:Jerusalem. History of a Global City
1529:introduced the worship of Ḫepat to
1464:as analogous to masculine Egyptian
1192:. She was commonly associated with
605:, especially those associated with
234:she instead came to be linked with
4271:10.1093/oso/9780199593279.001.0001
1112:from the same period, a letter to
621:. Evidence is also available from
25:
4429:Trémouille, Marie-Claude (2014),
3826:The god Dagan in Bronze Age Syria
1711:, a deity worshiped in classical
863:of the other is unsubstantiated.
430:("servant of Ḫepat"), a ruler of
4263:Hittite Texts and Greek Religion
4118:. De Gruyter. pp. 175–192.
3994:. De Gruyter. pp. 229–250.
3918:. De Gruyter. pp. 211–228.
1567:Ḫepat was also worshiped by the
481:, similarly to cases of loss of
406:. Examples include the names of
326:. The goddess Hipta, known from
199:) was a goddess associated with
4021:. Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press.
867:Sun goddess of Arinna and Ḫepat
592:Associations with other deities
442:texts, it could be rendered as
4483:van Soldt, Wilfred H. (2016).
4143:The Aramaeans in Ancient Syria
4116:Nonnus of Panopolis in Context
3992:Nonnus of Panopolis in Context
3916:Nonnus of Panopolis in Context
1:
4454:Studia Orientalia Electronica
1614:in the first millennium BCE.
1355:, likely located east of the
1262:, where she was worshiped in
1116:, she is mentioned alongside
1088:). She is also depicted on a
684:tradition Ḫepat's spouse was
101:(in the third millennium BCE)
4587:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
4568:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
4549:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
4435:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3829:. Leiden Boston, MA: Brill.
3811:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1846:enna(-ša) attani-we-na(-ša)'
1845:
1497:
750:
732:
564:, "ladyship", in analogy to
362:
356:
302:, where her cult center was
183:
4402:Thames, John Tracy (2020).
4265:. Oxford University Press.
4172:. Brill. pp. 131–166.
4145:. Brill. pp. 127–203.
3887:Fleming, Daniel E. (2000).
3858:. Atlanta: Scholars Press.
3852:Fleming, Daniel E. (1992).
3645:. Atlanta: Lockwood Press.
3444:Hernández de la Fuente 2014
1618:Possible later attestations
1132:of Yamhad by his successor
1108:. In one of the texts from
493:well documented in various
473:resulting in a change from
5249:
4338:10.1163/156921208786182428
883:, which was influenced by
652:instead. Additionally, in
338:, has also been proposed.
178:
5155:Related systems of belief
4448:Válek, František (2021).
4366:10.1515/9781575068671-027
4317:Schwemer, Daniel (2008).
4288:Schwemer, Daniel (2001).
4205:Ritual and cult at Ugarit
4178:10.1163/9789004461598_008
4151:10.1163/9789004229433_007
4124:10.1515/9783110339420.175
4000:10.1515/9783110339420.229
3924:10.1515/9783110339420.211
1695:status and to facilitate
1402:. In later times she and
826:, Tiyabenti, as well as "
453:(/ḫalabāytu/) known from
44:
37:
4978:Deified natural features
4581:Wilhelm, Gernot (2013),
4562:Wilhelm, Gernot (1998),
4543:Wilhelm, Gernot (1997),
4514:Wilhelm, Gernot (1989).
4261:Rutherford, Ian (2020).
4230:Richter, Thomas (2010).
3695:Archi, Alfonso (2015a).
802:(alongside her servants
4674:List of Hurrian deities
4383:Taracha, Piotr (2009).
4203:Pardee, Dennis (2002).
4017:Hoffner, Harry (1998).
3668:Archi, Alfonso (2015).
3637:Archi, Alfonso (2013).
1703:Other proposed examples
1643:maintained that one of
1331:Eastern Hurrian sources
1221:Western Hurrian sources
969:A list of deities from
469:, with the loss of the
4489:Etudes ougaritiques IV
3805:Beckman, Gary (2005),
3768:"The Pantheon of Emar"
3734:Beckman, Gary (1983).
1734:The proposal that the
1678:
1375:'s expedition against
913:
876:
745:
692:in the treaty between
597:Ḫepat and weather gods
545:), but as stressed by
5177:Mesopotamian religion
5018:Other mythical beings
4071:Lebrun, René (2016).
3823:Feliu, Lluís (2003).
3737:Hittite Birth Rituals
3678:10.1515/9781614517887
3670:Ebla and Its Archives
1725:Sun goddess of Arinna
1525:burned down Hattusa.
1513:she was venerated in
1428:sun goddess of Arinna
1124:in an account of the
1106:Old Babylonian period
995:Ebla and nearby areas
893:Sun goddess of Arinna
874:
743:
658:Old Babylonian period
586:Old Babylonian period
436:Amarna correspondence
350:Ḫepat was written in
277:Sun goddess of Arinna
153:Sun goddess of Arinna
4812:Goddess of the Night
4717:Hutena and Hutellura
4467:10.23993/store.88230
1750:, "river", instead.
768:Hutena and Hutellura
758:, her two daughters
187:; also romanized as
4898:Ninatta and Kulitta
4652:General information
3941:Gray, John (1965).
3622:, pp. 417–418.
3458:, pp. 182–183.
3380:, pp. 271–272.
3272:, pp. 433–434.
3045:, pp. 545–546.
2779:, pp. 575–576.
2199:, pp. 388–389.
2187:, pp. 385–386.
1864:Ninatta and Kulitta
1474:tꜢ-ḥmt-nswt n tꜢ-pt
804:Ninatta and Kulitta
541:given name Ḥawwat (
392:unvoiced consonants
368:Ugaritic alphabetic
159:Ugaritic equivalent
4545:"Mušun(n)i, Mušni"
4332:(1). Brill: 1–44.
2755:, p. 592-593.
1851:ancestors of Enlil
1045:, Adad of Aleppo,
946:Other associations
877:
828:ancestors of Ḫepat
746:
342:Name and character
149:Hittite equivalent
5233:History of Aleppo
5190:
5189:
5182:Ugaritic religion
5089:Religious centers
5048:
5047:
5013:
5012:
4973:
4972:
4926:
4925:
4780:
4779:
4645:Hurrian mythology
4527:978-0-85668-442-5
4498:978-90-429-3439-9
4413:978-90-04-42911-6
4406:. Leiden: Brill.
4301:978-3-447-04456-1
4280:978-0-19-959327-9
4245:978-3-86835-034-0
4214:978-90-04-12657-2
4187:978-90-04-46159-8
4133:978-3-11-033937-6
4106:978-0-520-97152-3
4009:978-3-11-033937-6
3976:978-90-04-29394-6
3952:978-90-04-28136-3
3933:978-3-11-033937-6
3900:978-1-57506-044-6
3865:978-90-04-36965-8
3774:. Warsaw: Agade.
3687:978-1-61451-716-0
3652:978-1-937040-11-6
3569:, pp. 40–41.
3533:, pp. 87–88.
3483:García-Gasco 2014
3471:García-Gasco 2014
3308:, pp. 98–99.
3209:, pp. 84–85.
3129:, pp. 55–56.
2842:, pp. 70–71.
2815:, pp. 18–19.
1387:, Adalur and the
1363:Hittite reception
1186:Daniel E. Fleming
1059:Eblaite sun deity
850:deity Ḫašulatḫi.
654:Upper Mesopotamia
627:Daniel E. Fleming
547:Daniel E. Fleming
461:, "she of Ḫalab (
382:rendered as both
168:
167:
73:Major cult center
16:(Redirected from
5240:
5228:Ugaritic deities
5223:Tutelary deities
5213:Luwian goddesses
5167:Hittite religion
5162:Eblaite religion
5025:Earth and Heaven
4975:
4932:Primeval deities
4928:
4888:
4782:
4692:
4669:Hurrian religion
4664:Hurrian language
4638:
4631:
4624:
4615:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4539:
4510:
4479:
4469:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4425:
4398:
4387:. Harrassowitz.
4379:
4349:
4323:
4313:
4284:
4257:
4226:
4199:
4164:
4137:
4110:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4067:
4040:
4013:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3956:
3943:Legacy of Canaan
3937:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3848:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3801:
3759:
3740:. Harrassowitz.
3730:
3728:
3727:
3691:
3664:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2540:
2534:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2460:
2454:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2113:
2107:
2098:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2068:
2062:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2010:
2004:
1995:
1989:
1976:
1970:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1908:
1902:
1893:
1887:
1867:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1623:Hipta and Mystis
1609:
1563:Luwian reception
1554:
1539:
1500:
1455:battle of Kadesh
1437:, to be read as
1416:
1397:
1369:Hittite religion
1322:
1282:Ugaritic sources
1227:Hurrian religion
1183:
1142:theophoric names
1057:of Arugadu, the
1039:Eblaite religion
979:theophoric names
940:
925:
885:Hurrian religion
848:
762:and Kunzišalli,
753:
735:
643:
533:
518:
404:theophoric names
396:Hurrian language
378:with the middle
365:
359:
294:, as well as in
288:Eblaite religion
257:
232:Hurrian religion
186:
180:
109:Hurrian religion
49:
30:
21:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5218:Eblaite deities
5208:Hittite deities
5203:Hurrian deities
5193:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5172:Luwian religion
5150:
5084:
5044:
5009:
5000:Namni and Ḫazzi
4969:
4922:
4891:Servant deities
4886:
4776:
4683:
4647:
4642:
4604:
4599:
4592:
4590:
4580:
4573:
4571:
4561:
4554:
4552:
4542:
4528:
4513:
4499:
4482:
4447:
4440:
4438:
4428:
4414:
4401:
4395:
4382:
4376:
4352:
4321:
4316:
4302:
4287:
4281:
4260:
4246:
4229:
4215:
4202:
4188:
4167:
4161:
4140:
4134:
4113:
4107:
4094:
4086:
4084:
4070:
4056:
4043:
4029:
4016:
4010:
3989:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3959:
3953:
3940:
3934:
3913:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3886:
3878:
3876:
3866:
3851:
3837:
3822:
3815:
3813:
3804:
3790:
3762:
3756:
3733:
3725:
3723:
3694:
3688:
3667:
3653:
3636:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3585:
3577:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3553:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3529:
3525:
3517:
3513:
3505:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3481:
3477:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3442:
3435:
3429:Rutherford 2020
3427:
3423:
3415:
3408:
3400:
3396:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3213:
3205:
3201:
3193:
3189:
3181:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3142:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3101:
3097:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3005:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2964:
2960:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2834:
2826:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2739:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2652:
2648:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2615:Trémouille 2014
2613:
2606:
2598:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2463:
2455:
2448:
2444:, pp. 8–9.
2440:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2353:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2314:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2101:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2013:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1979:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1911:
1903:
1896:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1861:
1857:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1818:on her behalf.
1756:
1705:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1625:
1620:
1603:
1581:Luwian pantheon
1565:
1548:
1533:
1470:queen of heaven
1410:
1391:
1365:
1333:
1316:
1284:
1223:
1177:
1167:
1102:
1100:Yamhad and Mari
1086:
1075:theophoric name
997:
992:
948:
934:
932:Daniel Schwemer
919:
869:
842:
738:
690:Hurrian deities
637:
635:Daniel Schwemer
599:
594:
568:'s ceremony of
558:queen of heaven
527:
512:
510:Daniel Schwemer
434:known from the
394:present in the
366:, while in the
344:
330:and from later
316:Luwian religion
251:
124:
60:
51:Ḫepat (right),
40:
28:
27:Hurrian goddess
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5246:
5244:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4903:Šeri and Ḫurri
4900:
4894:
4892:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4786:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4603:
4602:External links
4600:
4598:
4597:
4578:
4559:
4540:
4526:
4511:
4497:
4480:
4445:
4426:
4412:
4399:
4394:978-3447058858
4393:
4380:
4374:
4354:Singer, Itamar
4350:
4314:
4300:
4285:
4279:
4258:
4244:
4227:
4213:
4200:
4186:
4165:
4159:
4138:
4132:
4111:
4105:
4092:
4068:
4054:
4041:
4027:
4014:
4008:
3987:
3975:
3957:
3951:
3938:
3932:
3911:
3899:
3884:
3864:
3849:
3835:
3820:
3802:
3788:
3760:
3754:
3746:2027.42/163529
3731:
3692:
3686:
3672:. De Gruyter.
3665:
3651:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3612:
3600:
3583:
3571:
3559:
3557:, p. 133.
3547:
3535:
3523:
3511:
3499:
3497:, p. 183.
3487:
3485:, p. 227.
3475:
3473:, p. 214.
3460:
3448:
3446:, p. 236.
3433:
3431:, p. 194.
3421:
3419:, p. 182.
3406:
3404:, p. 154.
3394:
3392:, p. 164.
3382:
3370:
3368:, p. 220.
3358:
3356:, p. 251.
3346:
3344:, p. 118.
3334:
3332:, p. 102.
3322:
3310:
3298:
3286:
3284:, p. 450.
3274:
3262:
3260:, p. 438.
3250:
3238:
3226:
3211:
3199:
3187:
3172:
3170:, p. 123.
3160:
3148:
3146:, p. 461.
3131:
3119:
3117:, p. 546.
3107:
3103:van Soldt 2016
3095:
3083:
3071:
3059:
3047:
3035:
3023:
3021:, p. 315.
3011:
2994:
2992:, p. 605.
2982:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2934:
2919:
2907:
2905:, p. 179.
2895:
2880:
2878:, p. 217.
2868:
2866:, p. 191.
2856:
2844:
2832:
2830:, p. 220.
2817:
2805:
2793:
2791:, p. 227.
2781:
2769:
2767:, p. 756.
2757:
2745:
2743:, p. 592.
2730:
2728:, p. 104.
2726:van Soldt 2016
2718:
2716:, p. 279.
2706:
2704:, p. 302.
2694:
2692:, p. 288.
2682:
2670:
2658:
2656:, p. 309.
2646:
2631:
2619:
2604:
2602:, p. 417.
2592:
2590:, p. 386.
2580:
2578:, p. 128.
2568:
2556:
2554:, p. 498.
2541:
2526:
2524:, p. 119.
2514:
2512:, p. 654.
2502:
2500:, p. 622.
2490:
2488:, p. 272.
2478:
2476:, p. 108.
2461:
2446:
2434:
2432:, p. 545.
2422:
2420:, p. 292.
2407:
2405:, p. 404.
2395:
2393:, p. 299.
2383:
2381:, p. 460.
2371:
2369:, p. 291.
2359:
2357:, p. 557.
2344:
2342:, p. 222.
2332:
2330:, p. 217.
2320:
2303:
2301:, p. 295.
2291:
2289:, p. 219.
2279:
2277:, p. 593.
2267:
2252:
2250:, p. 510.
2240:
2238:, p. 387.
2225:
2223:, p. 173.
2213:
2201:
2189:
2177:
2175:, p. 388.
2165:
2163:, p. 223.
2153:
2151:, p. 121.
2141:
2139:, p. 311.
2129:
2114:
2099:
2097:, p. 594.
2084:
2082:, p. 572.
2069:
2067:, p. 581.
2054:
2052:, p. 220.
2042:
2030:
2028:, p. 444.
2011:
1996:
1994:, p. 384.
1977:
1975:, p. 116.
1962:
1960:, p. 141.
1950:
1938:
1926:
1909:
1894:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1855:
1836:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1755:
1752:
1704:
1701:
1667:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1577:Manfred Hutter
1564:
1561:
1364:
1361:
1338:Mitanni Empire
1332:
1329:
1310:Ugaritic texts
1283:
1280:
1222:
1219:
1166:
1163:
1101:
1098:
1084:
996:
993:
991:
988:
947:
944:
899:, the wife of
868:
865:
822:, Hašuntarḫi,
737:
729:
694:Šuppiluliuma I
598:
595:
593:
590:
343:
340:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
141:
140:
139:and Kunzišalli
130:
126:
125:
123:
122:
112:
102:
95:
93:
89:
88:
84:
83:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
50:
42:
41:
38:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5245:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4679:Hurrian songs
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4639:
4634:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4405:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4375:9781575068671
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4320:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4160:9789004229433
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4082:
4079:(in French).
4078:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4055:90-474-0214-6
4051:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4028:0-7885-0488-6
4024:
4020:
4019:Hittite myths
4015:
4011:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3988:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3961:Haas, Volkert
3958:
3954:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3902:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3885:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3836:90-04-13158-2
3832:
3828:
3827:
3821:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3789:83-87111-12-0
3785:
3781:
3780:2027.42/77414
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3764:Beckman, Gary
3761:
3757:
3755:3-447-02310-4
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3732:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3621:
3616:
3613:
3610:, p. 64.
3609:
3604:
3601:
3598:, p. 62.
3597:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3581:, p. 63.
3580:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3545:, p. 89.
3544:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3524:
3521:, p. 87.
3520:
3515:
3512:
3509:, p. 88.
3508:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3495:Miguélez 2014
3491:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3456:Miguélez 2014
3452:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3417:Miguélez 2014
3413:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3323:
3320:, p. 98.
3319:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3296:, p. 97.
3295:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3248:, p. 86.
3247:
3242:
3239:
3236:, p. 84.
3235:
3230:
3227:
3224:, p. 85.
3223:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3197:, p. 22.
3196:
3191:
3188:
3185:, p. 96.
3184:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3156:Schwemer 2008
3152:
3149:
3145:
3144:Schwemer 2001
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3115:Schwemer 2001
3111:
3108:
3105:, p. 99.
3104:
3099:
3096:
3093:, p. 98.
3092:
3087:
3084:
3081:, p. 96.
3080:
3075:
3072:
3069:, p. 95.
3068:
3063:
3060:
3057:, p. 93.
3056:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3043:Schwemer 2001
3039:
3036:
3033:, p. 57.
3032:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3009:, p. 51.
3008:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2983:
2980:, p. 44.
2979:
2974:
2971:
2968:, p. 62.
2967:
2962:
2959:
2956:, p. 61.
2955:
2950:
2947:
2944:, p. 66.
2943:
2938:
2935:
2932:, p. 52.
2931:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2917:, p. 73.
2916:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2896:
2893:, p. 51.
2892:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2876:Schwemer 2001
2872:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2828:Schwemer 2001
2824:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2806:
2803:, p. 24.
2802:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2680:, p. 22.
2679:
2678:Schwemer 2008
2674:
2671:
2668:, p. 21.
2667:
2666:Schwemer 2008
2662:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2647:
2644:, p. 92.
2643:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2629:, p. 91.
2628:
2623:
2620:
2617:, p. 31.
2616:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2539:, p. 95.
2538:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2498:Schwemer 2001
2494:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2459:, p. 14.
2458:
2457:Schwemer 2008
2453:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2442:Schwemer 2008
2438:
2435:
2431:
2430:Schwemer 2001
2426:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:Schwemer 2001
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:Schwemer 2001
2387:
2384:
2380:
2379:Schwemer 2001
2375:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2355:Schwemer 2001
2351:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2321:
2318:, p. 76.
2317:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2127:, p. 71.
2126:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2112:, p. 59.
2111:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2040:, p. 14.
2039:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2009:, p. 56.
2008:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1973:Schwemer 2001
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1948:, p. 75.
1947:
1942:
1939:
1936:, p. VI.
1935:
1930:
1927:
1924:, p. 53.
1923:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:, p. 43.
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1892:, p. 94.
1891:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1761:Kumarbi Cycle
1753:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1602:
1601:Herbert Niehr
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:Tudhaliya III
1504:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1459:determinative
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1409:
1408:Piotr Taracha
1405:
1401:
1395:
1390:
1389:god of Aleppo
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1176:
1175:Herbert Niehr
1172:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1017:Eblaite kings
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
994:
989:
987:
985:
980:
976:
972:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
945:
943:
938:
933:
929:
923:
918:
917:Piotr Taracha
912:
910:
904:
902:
901:Ḫattušili III
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:Hittite kings
873:
866:
864:
862:
858:
857:
851:
846:
841:
836:
833:
829:
825:
824:Uršui-Iškalli
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
742:
734:
730:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
641:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
596:
591:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
535:
531:
526:
525:Piotr Taracha
522:
516:
511:
507:
503:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:Romanizations
373:
369:
364:
358:
353:
349:
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
250:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
185:
176:
172:
164:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
94:
90:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
54:
48:
43:
36:
31:
19:
4711:
4591:, retrieved
4586:
4572:, retrieved
4567:
4553:, retrieved
4548:
4517:The Hurrians
4516:
4488:
4460:(2): 47–66.
4457:
4453:
4439:, retrieved
4434:
4403:
4384:
4357:
4329:
4325:
4290:
4262:
4235:
4204:
4169:
4142:
4115:
4096:
4085:. Retrieved
4080:
4076:
4045:
4018:
3991:
3980:. Retrieved
3965:
3942:
3915:
3904:. Retrieved
3889:
3877:. Retrieved
3854:
3825:
3814:, retrieved
3810:
3771:
3736:
3724:. Retrieved
3704:
3700:
3669:
3642:
3630:Bibliography
3620:Wilhelm 2013
3615:
3608:Hoffner 1998
3603:
3596:Hoffner 1998
3579:Wilhelm 1989
3574:
3567:Hoffner 1998
3562:
3555:Oreshko 2021
3550:
3538:
3526:
3514:
3502:
3490:
3478:
3451:
3424:
3397:
3385:
3373:
3361:
3349:
3342:Taracha 2009
3337:
3330:Taracha 2009
3325:
3318:Taracha 2009
3313:
3306:Taracha 2009
3301:
3294:Taracha 2009
3289:
3277:
3265:
3253:
3246:Taracha 2009
3241:
3234:Taracha 2009
3229:
3222:Taracha 2009
3207:Taracha 2009
3202:
3195:Wilhelm 1989
3190:
3183:Taracha 2009
3168:Wilhelm 1998
3163:
3158:, p. 5.
3151:
3127:Wilhelm 1989
3122:
3110:
3098:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3031:Wilhelm 1989
3026:
3019:Beckman 2005
3014:
3007:Wilhelm 1989
2985:
2978:Fleming 2000
2973:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2915:Fleming 1992
2910:
2898:
2891:Beckman 2002
2871:
2859:
2854:, p. 2.
2847:
2835:
2808:
2796:
2789:Fleming 1992
2784:
2772:
2760:
2748:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2673:
2661:
2654:Beckman 2005
2649:
2642:Taracha 2009
2627:Taracha 2009
2622:
2600:Wilhelm 2013
2595:
2583:
2576:Taracha 2009
2571:
2566:, p. 7.
2559:
2552:Wilhelm 1997
2537:Taracha 2009
2522:Taracha 2009
2517:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2474:Taracha 2009
2437:
2425:
2398:
2386:
2374:
2362:
2340:Fleming 1992
2335:
2328:Fleming 1992
2323:
2316:Fleming 1992
2294:
2287:Fleming 1992
2282:
2270:
2265:, p. 9.
2248:Richter 2010
2243:
2221:Beckman 1983
2216:
2211:, p. 6.
2204:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2161:Fleming 1992
2156:
2149:Taracha 2009
2144:
2137:Beckman 2005
2132:
2045:
2033:
2007:Wilhelm 1989
1953:
1946:Fleming 1992
1941:
1934:Wilhelm 1989
1929:
1905:Beckman 2002
1890:Taracha 2009
1858:
1839:
1830:
1806:In the myth
1805:
1784:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1747:
1739:
1733:
1706:
1685:
1679:
1668:
1656:
1626:
1566:
1542:Tudḫaliya IV
1511:Muwatalli II
1478:
1473:
1465:
1366:
1350:
1334:
1307:
1288:
1285:
1224:
1213:
1209:
1193:
1168:
1125:
1103:
1082:
1078:
1072:
998:
968:
949:
928:Gary Beckman
914:
906:
878:
854:
852:
840:Piotr Tarcha
837:
747:
719:weather god
710:
679:
603:weather gods
600:
569:
561:
551:
536:
521:Gary Beckman
501:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:velarization
450:
448:
443:
399:
387:
383:
371:
345:
285:
247:
242:counterpart
215:
196:
188:
170:
169:
5070:Gurparanzaḫ
4589:(in German)
4570:(in German)
4551:(in German)
4437:(in French)
4431:"Tijabenti"
4046:The Luwians
3543:Lebrun 2016
3531:Lebrun 2016
3519:Lebrun 2016
3507:Lebrun 2016
3378:Hutter 2003
3366:Hutter 2003
3354:Hutter 2003
3282:Singer 2013
3270:Singer 2013
3258:Singer 2013
3091:Pardee 2002
3079:Pardee 2002
3067:Pardee 2002
3055:Pardee 2002
2966:Thames 2020
2954:Thames 2020
2942:Thames 2020
2930:Thames 2020
2813:Archi 2015a
2801:Archi 2015a
2714:Pardee 2002
2486:Hutter 2003
2038:Lemire 2022
2026:Singer 2013
1958:Hutter 2003
1693:allegorical
1639:tradition.
1604: [
1587:kingdom of
1585:Neo-Hittite
1549: [
1534: [
1451:Ramesses II
1411: [
1392: [
1373:Ḫattušili I
1317: [
1314:Šauška-muwa
1268:Lawazantiya
1178: [
1153:'s brother
973:identifies
935: [
920: [
843: [
646:Mesopotamia
638: [
528: [
513: [
410:princesses
252: [
144:Equivalents
65:Other names
5197:Categories
5005:Pišaišapḫi
4852:Pentikalli
4802:Ayu-Ikalti
4608:CTH 346.12
4593:2022-04-02
4574:2023-06-07
4555:2022-04-01
4441:2022-04-02
4422:1157679792
4087:2023-07-03
3982:2023-06-20
3906:2023-06-27
3879:2023-06-27
3816:2022-04-02
3726:2023-06-30
3701:Orientalia
3402:Niehr 2014
3390:Niehr 2014
2990:Archi 2015
2903:Niehr 2014
2864:Feliu 2003
2852:Archi 2013
2840:Feliu 2003
2777:Archi 2015
2765:Archi 2015
2753:Archi 2015
2741:Archi 2015
2702:Feliu 2003
2690:Feliu 2003
2564:Archi 2013
2510:Archi 2015
2418:Feliu 2003
2367:Feliu 2003
2299:Feliu 2003
2275:Archi 2015
2263:Archi 2013
2209:Archi 2013
2125:Feliu 2003
2110:Feliu 2003
2095:Archi 2015
2080:Archi 2015
2065:Archi 2015
1922:Válek 2021
1874:References
1843:So-called
1729:haplologic
1687:Dionysiaca
1546:AN.TAḪ.ŠUM
1527:Muršili II
1493:Yazılıkaya
1432:sumerogram
1419:Kizzuwatna
1295:Pišaišapḫi
1260:Kizzuwatna
1202:Bronze Age
1094:Indi-Limma
1035:Ibbi-Zikir
1026:and their
1020:Irkab-Damu
832:Yazılıkaya
796:Ayu-Ikalti
725:Carchemish
451:ḫa-a-ba-du
370:script as
300:Kizzuwatna
57:Yazılıkaya
5065:Gilgamesh
5040:Ullikummi
4476:2323-5209
4346:1569-2116
4254:587015618
4223:558437302
4196:240861527
4064:995012566
3945:. Brill.
3874:645829438
3713:0030-5367
3661:882106763
2588:Haas 2015
2236:Haas 2015
2197:Haas 2015
2185:Haas 2015
2173:Haas 2015
2050:Gray 1965
1992:Haas 2015
1787:Ullikummi
1754:Mythology
1697:word play
1653:winnowing
1593:orthostat
1346:Tatu-Ḫepa
1342:Kelu-Ḫepa
1206:anointing
1155:Yarim-Lim
1151:Abba-El I
1134:Hammurapi
1130:Sumu-Epuh
1114:Zimri-Lim
1079:ig-ri-iš-
1073:A single
1024:Išar-Damu
915:However,
698:Šattiwaza
675:Babylonia
574:midwifery
432:Jerusalem
428:Abdi-Heba
416:Tadu-Ḫepa
412:Kelu-Ḫepa
380:consonant
352:cuneiform
117:(in late
87:Genealogy
5126:Kummanni
5035:Upelluri
4659:Hurrians
4583:"Takitu"
4536:21036268
4507:51010262
4310:48145544
4037:39455874
3963:(2015).
3845:52107444
3798:51004996
3766:(2002).
3721:26153279
1816:Šimurrum
1801:Upelluri
1785:Song of
1770:Song of
1744:Anatolia
1717:Kummanni
1655:basket (
1649:Dionysus
1629:Sabazios
1503:Šapinuwa
1447:Egyptian
1424:Tarḫunna
1264:Kummanni
1255:Hurrians
1247:Amorites
1243:Šanugaru
1126:pagrā’um
897:Puduḫepa
736:of Ḫepat
671:Akkadian
570:šarrašši
554:epithets
552:Various
539:biblical
506:polysemy
495:Akkadian
440:Egyptian
424:Puduḫepa
363:ḫé-pá-at
304:Kummanni
195:𐎃𐎁𐎚,
193:Ugaritic
129:Children
121:sources)
81:Kummanni
68:Ḫalabatu
59:reliefs.
18:Halabatu
5131:Nineveh
5111:Hattusa
5101:Arrapha
5080:Šarrēna
5030:Ḫedammu
4985:Aranzaḫ
4913:Tašmišu
4862:Samnuha
4857:Pinikir
4837:Lelluri
4827:Karḫuḫi
4822:Iršappa
4797:Allanzu
4752:Šarruma
4747:Nupatik
4737:Nabarbi
4727:Kumarbi
4688:Deities
1812:Mitanni
1796:Tašmišu
1772:Ḫedammu
1740:pddẽxba
1721:Ammamma
1645:Orpheus
1641:Proclus
1573:Tarḫunz
1569:Luwians
1557:Kataḫḫa
1489:Allanzu
1485:Šarruma
1481:Hattusa
1426:), the
1400:Mezulla
1385:Allatum
1381:Lelluri
1291:Ashtart
1235:Ammarik
1210:sikkānu
1194:sikkānu
1190:NIN.KUR
1146:Alalakh
1122:Shalash
1063:Resheph
1055:Hadabal
1028:viziers
1011:and in
1005:Eblaite
990:Worship
964:Shalash
861:epithet
812:Shuwala
808:Nabarbi
784:Damkina
780:Shalash
760:Allanzu
756:Šarruma
721:Tarḫunz
682:Hurrian
656:in the
631:Ashtart
619:Alalakh
615:Eblaite
584:in the
578:Hattusa
562:allašši
455:Eblaite
420:Hittite
408:Mittani
348:theonym
312:Hittite
273:Hittite
265:Allanzu
261:Šarruma
244:Tarḫunz
224:Alalakh
175:Hurrian
137:Allanzu
133:Šarruma
115:Tarḫunz
5146:Urkesh
5141:Ugarit
5096:Aleppo
5053:Heroes
4995:Manuzi
4965:Eltara
4960:Ninlil
4908:Takitu
4872:Šuwala
4847:Nikkal
4842:Maliya
4832:Kubaba
4807:Aštabi
4792:Adamma
4767:Teššub
4762:Šimige
4757:Šauška
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4702:Allani
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1781:Šauška
1766:Teshub
1738:deity
1736:Lycian
1713:Comana
1682:Nonnus
1657:liknon
1637:orphic
1612:Aleppo
1597:Sam’al
1531:Katapa
1519:Šauška
1515:Šamuḫa
1498:kaluti
1466:pꜢ-nṯr
1462:DINGIR
1404:Teshub
1377:Ḫaššum
1357:Khabur
1325:Amurru
1303:Pidray
1299:Daqitu
1272:Šauška
1239:Aštabi
1231:Adamma
1204:. The
1198:Ugarit
1159:Irride
1138:Teshub
1083:ḫe-eba
1067:Ishtar
1051:Tuttul
1031:Ibrium
1013:Aleppo
975:Pidray
971:Ugarit
956:Yamhad
952:Aleppo
889:Hattic
856:sukkal
820:Kubaba
816:Adamma
800:Šauška
792:Nikkal
776:Ishara
772:Allani
764:Takitu
751:kaluti
733:Kaluti
717:Luwian
702:Ugarit
686:Teshub
667:temple
607:Aleppo
566:Teshub
463:Aleppo
422:queen
357:ḫé-pát
332:orphic
324:Samʾal
308:Ugarit
292:Yamhad
281:Pidray
269:Takitu
249:kaluti
240:Luwian
236:Teshub
201:Aleppo
184:ḫe-pát
179:𒀭𒄭𒁁
163:Pidray
119:Luwian
105:Teshub
92:Spouse
77:Aleppo
53:Teshub
5136:Taite
5121:Kumme
5116:Kahat
5075:Kešši
4990:Kiaše
4955:Enlil
4940:Alalu
4882:Uršui
4867:Šalaš
4817:Ḫešui
4785:Minor
4772:Tilla
4732:Kušuḫ
4712:Ḫepat
4695:Major
4322:(PDF)
4192:S2CID
3717:JSTOR
1822:Notes
1775:when
1748:-xba-
1633:Lydia
1608:]
1595:from
1589:Tabal
1553:]
1538:]
1523:Kaška
1439:Inara
1435:LAMMA
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1353:Kumme
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1251:Syria
1214:zukru
1208:of a
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1047:Dagan
1001:Syria
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713:Tabal
700:. In
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320:Tabal
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271:. In
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230:. In
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205:Syria
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171:Ḫepat
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5060:Appu
4950:Antu
4918:Tenu
4877:Ugur
4532:OCLC
4522:ISBN
4503:OCLC
4493:ISBN
4472:ISSN
4418:OCLC
4408:ISBN
4389:ISBN
4370:ISBN
4342:ISSN
4306:OCLC
4296:ISBN
4275:ISBN
4250:OCLC
4240:ISBN
4219:OCLC
4209:ISBN
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4101:ISBN
4060:OCLC
4050:ISBN
4033:OCLC
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3928:ISBN
3895:ISBN
3870:OCLC
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3831:ISBN
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3709:ISSN
3682:ISBN
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3647:ISBN
1661:Zeus
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1297:and
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1171:Emar
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1120:and
1110:Mari
1090:seal
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1033:and
1022:and
1009:Ebla
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788:Umbu
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