1119:
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38:
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3622:
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153:
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characters. The new period is named
Northern Ubaid to distinguish it from the proper Ubaid in southern Mesopotamia, and two explanations were presented for the transformation. The first maintains an invasion and a replacement of the Halafians by the Ubaidians; however, there is no hiatus between the
1026:. No hiatus in occupation is observed except between levels 11 and 10. The new archaeology demonstrated that Halaf culture was not sudden and was not the result of foreign people, but rather a continuous process of indigenous cultural changes in northern Syria that spread to the other regions.
1180:
1157:
1169:
1070:
999:
who descended from the nearby mountains of southeastern
Anatolia, or herdsmen from northern Iraq. However, those views changed with the recent archaeology conducted since 1986 by
1205:
Halaf and northern Ubaid which exclude the invasion theory. The most plausible theory is a
Halafian adoption of the Ubaid culture, which is supported by most scholars, including
1700:
1156:
4338:
1640:
La Djéziré et l'Euphrate syriens de la protohistoire à la fin du second millénaire av. J.C, Tendances dans l'interprétation historique des données nouvelles, (Subartu)
1323:
La Djéziré et l'Euphrate syriens de la protohistoire à la fin du second millénaire av. J.C, Tendances dans l'interprétation historique des données nouvelles, (Subartu)
835:
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1693:
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1003:, which have produced new insights and perspectives about the rise of Halaf culture. A formerly unknown transitional culture between the pre-Halaf
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Fertility figurine (maybe a goddess?); 5000â4000 BC; terracotta with traces of pigment; 8.1 Ă 5 Ă 5.4 cm; by Halaf culture;
3994:
3868:
2455:
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Previously, the Syrian plains were not considered as the homeland of Halaf culture, and the
Halafians were seen either as
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at
Carchemish, on the Turkish/Syrian border. However, the most important site for the Halaf tradition was the site of
476:
2730:
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2120:
1935:
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period which lasted between about 6100 BC and 5100 BC. The period is a continuous development out of the earlier
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1983:
1978:
1018:
Currently, eleven occupational layers have been unearthed in Sabi Abyad. Levels from 11 to 7 are considered
885:
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112:
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1289:
Castro
Gessner, G. 2011. "A Brief Overview of the Halaf Tradition" in Steadman, S and McMahon, G (eds.)
1276:
Castro
Gessner, G. 2011. "A Brief Overview of the Halaf Tradition" in Steadman, S and McMahon, G (eds.)
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37:
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The
Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c. 16,000â300 BC)
1541:
The
Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c. 16,000â300 BC)
1369:
The
Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c. 16,000â300 BC)
1342:
The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c. 16,000â300 BC)
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2012:
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1325:â Chapter : Old and New Perspectives on the Origins of the Halaf Culture by Peter Akkermans
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1395:"Characterization study of Halaf ceramic production at Tell Amarna (Euphrates Valley, Syria)"
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2002:
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347:
256:
showing important sites that were occupied during the Halaf culture (clickable map)
239:
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2007:
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Halaf pottery has been found in other parts of northern Mesopotamia, such as at
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62:
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159:
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265:
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between 1911 and 1927, the earliest Halaf period material was excavated by
1200:. Many Halafian settlements were abandoned, and the remaining ones showed
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3396:
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3005:
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1973:
1968:
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1061:
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327:
1638:
Masetti-Rouault, Maria Grazia; Rouault, Olivier; Wafler, Markus (2000).
17:
4575:
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3401:
3260:
3176:
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2865:
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2917:
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2559:
2534:
2520:
1900:
1850:
1772:
1008:
922:
1302:
Campbell, S. 2000. "The Burnt House at Arpachiyah: A Reexamination"
983:, which comprised the late Halaf (c. 5400â5000 BC), and then by the
3309:
1186:
Stamp seal and modern impression â geometric pattern. Halaf culture
4045:
3795:
3667:
3494:
3391:
3131:
3113:
2876:
2796:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2530:
2525:
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1890:
1885:
1865:
1320:
969:
945:
926:
840:
830:
3636:
1319:
Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault; Olivier Rouault; M. Wafler (2000).
960:. Small amounts of Halaf material were also excavated in 1913 by
933:, although Halaf-influenced material is found throughout Greater
3785:
3023:
2582:
2571:
1840:
1449:
Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey
1150:
in the Near East. They featured essentially geometric patterns.
973:
930:
354:
253:
3640:
3313:
2451:
1682:
1393:
Clop Garcia, X.; Alvarez Perez, A.; Hatert, Frédéric (2004).
1196:
Halaf culture ended by 5000 BC after entering the so-called
1064:(Turkey) suggesting that it was widely used in the region.
1511:
Archaeologies of the Middle East: Critical Perspectives
1146:
The Halaf culture saw the earliest known appearance of
917:
and is located primarily in the fertile valley of the
1304:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
1596:
Akkermans, Peter M.M.G.; Schwartz, Glenn M. (2003).
4619:
4537:
4495:
4437:
4388:
4194:
4155:
4104:
4053:
3974:
3957:
3859:
3751:
3705:
3678:
3543:
3515:
3430:
3347:
2404:
2358:
2332:
2236:
2133:
2026:
1934:
1927:
1798:
1725:
1716:
1621:
The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy
1253:
The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy
1076:Fragment of a bowl; 5600â5000 BC; ceramic; 8.2 cm;
122:
108:
98:
86:
78:
68:
58:
1538:Peter M.M.G. Akkermans, Glenn M. Schwartz (2003).
1366:Peter M.M.G. Akkermans, Glenn M. Schwartz (2003).
1339:Peter M.M.G. Akkermans, Glenn M. Schwartz (2003).
1568:Laser Ablation ICP-MS in Archaeological Research
1422:Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art
1022:; from 6 to 4, transitional; and from 3 to 1,
3652:
3325:
2463:
1694:
1162:Loop-handled rectangular seal, Halaf culture.
886:
8:
1419:Brown, Brian A.; Feldman, Marian H. (2013).
1007:'s era and Halaf's era was uncovered in the
940:While the period is named after the site of
30:
2289:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
1674:Halaf Bowl from Arpachiyah - British Museum
4543:
4443:
4200:
4063:
4059:
3684:
3659:
3645:
3637:
3621:
3611:
3332:
3318:
3310:
2470:
2456:
2448:
1931:
1722:
1701:
1687:
1679:
893:
879:
260:
36:
1508:Susan Pollock; Reinhard Bernbeck (2009).
1293:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 781
1280:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 780
2511:
1565:Robert J. Speakman; Hector Neff (2005).
1533:
1531:
4355:Popular Front for Change and Liberation
3558:BactriaâMargiana Archaeological Complex
1473:
1471:
1469:
1314:
1312:
1291:The Oxford Handbook of Ancient anatolia
1278:The Oxford Handbook of Ancient anatolia
1245:
1243:
1239:
1152:
1066:
263:
200:
184:
1503:
1501:
979:The Halaf period was succeeded by the
29:
4363:Political status of the Golan Heights
1414:
1412:
7:
4762:Archaeological cultures of West Asia
1191:
232:
73:Neolithic 3 â Pottery Neolithic (PN)
921:(Nahr al-Khabur), of south-eastern
3372:List of Paleolithic sites in China
2479:Chronology of the Neolithic period
1425:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 304.
216:
152:
42:Halaf culture (in green), next to
25:
4757:Archaeological cultures in Turkey
3593:List of Bronze Age sites in China
168:
4752:Archaeological cultures in Syria
4044:
3620:
3610:
2427:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary
1918:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1117:
1097:
1085:
1069:
968:, now located in the suburbs of
231:
215:
199:
183:
167:
151:
144:
4747:Archaeological cultures in Iraq
1198:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
981:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
343:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
127:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
1984:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)
1979:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)
1670:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1015:(the Mound of the White Boy).
1:
2366:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
1763:TigrisâEuphrates river system
547:Neolithic Southeastern Europe
4503:Energy and mineral resources
4303:Supreme Constitutional Court
3296:Historical Ancient Near East
1192:Halaf's end (Northern Ubaid)
4525:Water supply and sanitation
4425:Weapons of mass destruction
4328:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
3445:Early Neolithic settlements
2432:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
2314:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
2309:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
1174:Loop-handled circular seal.
698: in the Gulf of Cambay
4788:
4767:Neolithic cultures of Asia
4420:Chief of the General Staff
4348:National Progressive Front
4020:independent First Republic
3204:
2437:Chicago Hittite Dictionary
1602:Cambridge University Press
1078:Metropolitan Museum of Art
788:Savanna Pastoral Neolithic
452:GumelniÈaâKaranovo culture
432:CucuteniâTrypillia culture
4698:
4546:
4446:
4203:
4066:
4062:
4042:
3687:
3606:
3292:
3282:
3249:
3220:
3216:
3159:
3105:
3074:
3049:
3028:
3016:
2982:
2971:
2960:
2942:
2925:
2910:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2869:
2854:
2841:
2825:
2813:
2795:
2786:
2773:
2760:
2734:
2721:
2706:
2689:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2509:
2485:
1916:
35:
3598:Seima-Turbino phenomenon
1619:Liverani, Mario (2013).
3930:Principality of Antioch
3506:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
3500:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A
3382:Paleolithic Mesopotamia
2844:Pre-Pottery Neolithic C
2709:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
2651:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A
1446:John L. Brooke (2014).
1250:Mario Liverani (2013).
1128:vase; c. 5000 BC; from
956:in 1908 at the site of
778:Philippine jade culture
497:ShulaveriâShomu culture
417:Cardium pottery culture
113:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
4471:International rankings
4117:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
3781:Middle Assyrian Empire
3616:Archaeological periods
3076:Linear Pottery culture
2269:Babylonian mathematics
768:Jeulmun pottery period
542:Neolithic Transylvania
472:Linear Pottery culture
27:Archaeological culture
4276:Government ministries
3826:Neo-Babylonian Empire
3412:South Asian Stone Age
2493:Pre-Pottery Neolithic
1478:Georges Roux (1992).
1060:and at many sites in
4588:(2011–present)
4484:Securities Exchange
4235:Council of Ministers
3990:Haj Fadel Government
3490:Neolithic South Asia
3485:Neolithic Revolution
3362:Japanese Paleolithic
3059:Tepe Muhammad Djafar
2264:Babylonian astronomy
1743:Mesopotamian Marshes
810:Neolithic Revolution
249:class=notpageimage|
4264:Golan Heights claim
3821:Neo-Assyrian Empire
3816:Syro-Hittite states
3706:Prehistorical Syria
3568:Bronze Age Caucasus
3563:Bronze Age Anatolia
2345:Destruction by ISIL
2299:Sumerian literature
2274:Akkadian literature
1710:Ancient Mesopotamia
564:Pengtoushan culture
517:TiszapolgĂĄr culture
492:San Ciriaco culture
304:Trihedral Neolithic
32:
4515:Telecommunications
4508:Petroleum industry
4012:Mandatory Republic
3958:Early modern Syria
3713:Levantine corridor
3455:Trialetian culture
2763:Egyptian Neolithic
2381:Mesopotamian myths
1106:Walters Art Museum
851:Neolithic religion
696:Marine archaeology
599:Zhaobaogou culture
589:Xinglongwa culture
299:Shepherd Neolithic
282:Neolithic cultures
59:Geographical range
4772:Prehistoric Syria
4729:
4728:
4694:
4693:
4533:
4532:
4433:
4432:
4322:Political parties
4259:Foreign relations
4190:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4040:
4039:
4000:Syrian Federation
3935:County of Tripoli
3890:Ikhshidid dynasty
3743:Yarmukian culture
3634:
3633:
3588:Bronze Age Levant
3553:Andronovo culture
3460:Nemrikian culture
3307:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3162:Pottery Neolithic
2985:Pottery Neolithic
2974:Pottery Neolithic
2963:Pottery Neolithic
2945:Pottery Neolithic
2928:Pottery Neolithic
2913:Pottery Neolithic
2893:Pottery Neolithic
2872:Pottery Neolithic
2857:Pottery Neolithic
2736:Initial Neolithic
2502:Pottery Neolithic
2445:
2444:
2396:Ziggurat (Temple)
2371:Sumerian religion
2129:
2128:
2076:Middle Babylonian
2018:Kish civilization
1914:
1913:
1738:Lower Mesopotamia
1733:Upper Mesopotamia
1653:978-2-50351-063-7
1630:978-1-134-75091-7
1611:978-0-52179-666-8
1328:. pp. 43â44.
1213:, and Akkermans.
950:Max von Oppenheim
915:Pottery Neolithic
903:
902:
856:Neolithic decline
649:Qujialing culture
614:Majiabang culture
559:Peiligang culture
422:CernavodÄ culture
402:Arzachena culture
333:Yarmukian culture
140:
139:
117:Yarmukian culture
82:c. 6,100â5,100 BC
16:(Redirected from
4779:
4714:
4707:
4589:
4544:
4487:
4486:(stock exchange)
4479:
4444:
4357:
4350:
4341:
4339:regional command
4330:
4201:
4173:Fertile Crescent
4064:
4060:
4048:
3925:County of Edessa
3905:Mirdasid dynasty
3900:Hamdanid dynasty
3879:
3846:Palmyrene Empire
3831:Achaemenid Syria
3718:Natufian culture
3685:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3638:
3624:
3623:
3614:
3613:
3583:Bronze Age Korea
3578:Bronze Age India
3573:Bronze Age China
3450:Khiamian culture
3440:Fertile Crescent
3377:Natufian culture
3357:Dmanisi hominins
3341:Prehistoric Asia
3334:
3327:
3320:
3311:
3271:
3214:
3157:
3149:Hajji Firuz Tepe
3072:
3014:
2908:
2828:Neolithic Europe
2823:
2758:
2704:
2695:Tell Abu Hureyra
2687:
2642:
2606:
2550:Sinjar Mountains
2517:
2512:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2294:Sumerian cuisine
2284:Warfare in Sumer
2279:Economy of Sumer
1932:
1922:
1806:Fertile Crescent
1790:Sinjar Mountains
1785:Hamrin Mountains
1780:Zagros Mountains
1758:Taurus Mountains
1723:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1657:
1634:
1615:
1583:
1582:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1475:
1464:
1463:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1316:
1307:
1300:
1294:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1247:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1121:
1101:
1089:
1073:
895:
888:
881:
836:Circular ditches
816:Animal husbandry
803:Neolithic topics
763:Khiamian culture
759:Other locations
664:Shijiahe culture
654:Longshan culture
644:Majiayao culture
639:Liangzhu culture
629:Dawenkou culture
624:Hongshan culture
619:Yangshao culture
487:PetreĆti culture
457:Hamangia culture
447:GorneĆti culture
427:CoÈofeni culture
390:Amratian culture
385:Badarian culture
375:El Omari culture
360:Faiyum A culture
328:Tahunian culture
289:Fertile Crescent
261:
235:
234:
219:
218:
203:
202:
187:
186:
171:
170:
155:
154:
148:
40:
33:
21:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4690:
4615:
4601:Public holidays
4587:
4529:
4491:
4485:
4477:
4429:
4384:
4353:
4346:
4333:
4326:
4182:
4151:
4100:
4049:
4036:
4026:Second Republic
3970:
3953:
3920:Crusader states
3885:Tulunid dynasty
3878:(Bilad al-Sham)
3877:
3875:Caliphal Syria
3869:Muslim conquest
3855:
3851:Byzantine Syria
3766:Akkadian Empire
3747:
3701:
3674:
3665:
3635:
3630:
3602:
3539:
3511:
3480:Neolithic Korea
3475:Neolithic Tibet
3470:Neolithic China
3465:Zarzian culture
3426:
3343:
3338:
3308:
3303:
3277:
3269:
3268:
3259:
3246:
3240:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3199:
3192:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3147:
3137:
3129:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3079:(5500â4500 BC)
3078:
3070:
3055:(6000â4800 BC)
3054:
3050:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3012:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2977:
2966:
2956:Tell el-'Oueili
2953:
2948:
2935:
2931:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2901:(7000â5000 BC)
2900:
2896:
2875:
2864:
2862:Tell Sabi Abyad
2860:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2808:
2804:
2790:
2788:Tell Sabi Abyad
2783:
2779:
2777:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2751:(8500â8000 BC)
2750:
2746:
2738:
2729:
2725:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2640:
2634:
2604:
2591:
2574:
2565:
2552:
2533:
2515:
2505:
2497:
2496:
2488:
2487:
2481:
2476:
2446:
2441:
2400:
2354:
2328:
2237:Culture/society
2232:
2125:
2121:Muslim conquest
2091:Fall of Babylon
2022:
1923:
1910:
1794:
1712:
1707:
1664:
1654:
1637:
1631:
1618:
1612:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1571:. p. 128.
1564:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1544:. p. 157.
1537:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1514:. p. 190.
1507:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1484:. p. 101.
1477:
1476:
1467:
1460:
1452:. p. 204.
1445:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1372:. p. 116.
1365:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1345:. p. 101.
1338:
1337:
1333:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1223:Samarra culture
1219:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1175:
1172:
1163:
1160:
1144:
1137:
1130:Tell Arpachiyah
1122:
1113:
1102:
1093:
1090:
1081:
1080:(New York City)
1074:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1013:Tell Sabi Abyad
1001:Peter Akkermans
993:
966:Tell Arpachiyah
962:Leonard Woolley
948:, excavated by
929:, and northern
899:
862:
861:
860:
804:
796:
795:
794:
783:Capsian culture
697:
674:Neolithic Tibet
579:Dadiwan culture
537:VuÄedol culture
522:Usatovo culture
442:DudeÈti culture
370:Merimde culture
323:Qaraoun culture
294:Heavy Neolithic
283:
259:
258:
257:
251:
245:
244:
243:
242:
236:
228:
227:
226:
220:
212:
211:
210:
208:Tell Arpachiyah
204:
196:
195:
194:
192:Tell Sabi Abyad
188:
180:
179:
178:
172:
164:
163:
162:
156:
135:Samarra culture
131:Hassuna culture
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4785:
4783:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4734:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4715:
4708:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4583:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4499:
4497:
4496:Infrastructure
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4400:
4394:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4373:Syria (region)
4365:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4240:Prime Minister
4232:
4230:Vice President
4227:
4226:
4225:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4168:Southern Syria
4165:
4163:Syria (region)
4159:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4009:
4006:State of Syria
4003:
3995:French Mandate
3992:
3987:
3980:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3917:
3915:Saljuqid Syria
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3895:Zangid dynasty
3892:
3887:
3882:
3872:
3865:
3863:
3861:Medieval Syria
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3836:Seleucid Syria
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3697:Years in Syria
3694:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3641:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3618:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3422:Xiaochangliang
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3294:Succeeded by:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3281:
3272:
3265:
3264:
3254:
3248:
3234:
3228:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:Kul Tepe Jolfa
3203:
3197:
3185:
3174:
3170:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3142:
3135:
3126:Hadji Muhammed
3104:
3098:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3048:
3043:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2981:
2979:Sang-i Chakmak
2970:
2959:
2941:
2938:Sha'ar HaGolan
2924:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2868:
2853:
2840:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2799:
2794:
2785:
2772:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2733:
2720:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2580:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2417:Assyriologists
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2324:List of rulers
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2213:Proto-Armenian
2210:
2205:
2200:
2198:Middle Persian
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2086:Neo-Babylonian
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:Old Babylonian
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2036:Early Dynastic
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1662:External links
1660:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1635:
1629:
1616:
1610:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1557:
1550:
1527:
1520:
1497:
1490:
1465:
1458:
1438:
1432:978-1614510352
1431:
1408:
1385:
1378:
1358:
1351:
1331:
1308:
1295:
1282:
1269:
1262:
1256:. p. 48.
1238:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1154:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
992:
989:
901:
900:
898:
897:
890:
883:
875:
872:
871:
864:
863:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
806:
805:
802:
801:
798:
797:
793:
792:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
757:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
693:
688:
678:
677:
676:
671:
669:Yueshi culture
666:
661:
659:Baodun culture
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
634:Songze culture
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
604:Hemudu culture
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
574:Cishan culture
571:
569:Beixin culture
566:
561:
551:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
502:Sesklo culture
499:
494:
489:
484:
482:Ozieri culture
479:
474:
469:
464:
462:Kakanj culture
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
437:Danilo culture
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
412:Butmir culture
409:
404:
394:
393:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
365:Tasian culture
362:
352:
351:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
306:
301:
296:
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
269:
268:
247:
246:
238:
237:
230:
229:
222:
221:
214:
213:
206:
205:
198:
197:
190:
189:
182:
181:
174:
173:
166:
165:
158:
157:
150:
149:
143:
142:
141:
138:
137:
124:
120:
119:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4784:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4742:Halaf culture
4740:
4739:
4737:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4246:
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4238:
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4233:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4220:
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4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4147:Syrian Desert
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:Golan Heights
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3966:
3965:Ottoman Syria
3963:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3942:Ayyubid Syria
3940:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3910:Fatimid Syria
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:Aram-Damascus
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3753:Ancient Syria
3750:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3723:Halaf culture
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3657:
3655:
3650:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3627:
3619:
3617:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3530:Halaf culture
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3508:(Mesopotamia)
3507:
3504:
3502:(Mesopotamia)
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3298:
3297:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3046:Umm Dabaghiya
3044:
3042:
3032:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3011:
3010:
3007:
2997:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2776:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2683:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2632:Early Pottery
2603:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2494:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Syrian Desert
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:Halaf culture
1666:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:. Routledge.
1622:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1580:
1578:9780826332547
1574:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1551:9780521796668
1547:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1521:9781405137232
1517:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1491:9780141938257
1487:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:9780521871648
1455:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1379:9780521796668
1375:
1371:
1370:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1352:9780521796668
1348:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1306:no. 318. p. 1
1305:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1263:9781134750849
1259:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1165:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:A zoomorphic
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1092:Halafian ware
1088:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:Halaf pottery
1039:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
990:
988:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:John Garstang
951:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:Halaf culture
896:
891:
889:
884:
882:
877:
876:
874:
873:
870:
866:
865:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
811:
808:
807:
800:
799:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
758:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
718:Chopani Mando
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
682:
679:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
594:Xinle culture
592:
590:
587:
585:
584:Houli culture
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
555:
552:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
532:VinÄa culture
530:
528:
527:Varna culture
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
512:Tisza culture
510:
508:
507:Sopot culture
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
477:Malta Temples
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:Boian culture
405:
403:
400:
399:
398:
395:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
380:Maadi culture
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
356:
353:
349:
348:Ubaid culture
346:
344:
341:
339:
338:Halaf culture
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
318:
314:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
290:
287:
286:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
267:
262:
255:
250:
241:
225:
209:
193:
177:
161:
147:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
31:Halaf culture
19:
4634:Coat of arms
4556:Demographics
4456:Central Bank
4337: /
4298:High council
4281:Human rights
4208:Constitution
4086:Governorates
3984:Arab kingdom
3976:Modern Syria
3948:Mamluk Syria
3876:
3722:
3626:Time periods
3529:
3517:Chalcolithic
3293:
3160:
3030:
3006:Mehrgarh III
2983:
2972:
2961:
2943:
2926:
2911:
2891:
2887:Teppe Zagheh
2882:Chogha Bonut
2870:
2855:
2842:
2826:
2761:
2748:Nanzhuangtou
2739:
2735:
2731:AĆıklı HöyĂŒk
2723:Göbekli Tepe
2707:
2663:(10,500 BC)
2649:
2635:(18,000 BC)
2319:Royal titles
2244:Architecture
2081:Neo-Assyrian
1997:
1928:(Pre)history
1748:Persian Gulf
1639:
1620:
1597:
1590:Bibliography
1567:
1560:
1540:
1510:
1481:Ancient Iraq
1480:
1448:
1441:
1421:
1388:
1368:
1361:
1341:
1334:
1324:
1321:
1303:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1252:
1195:
1145:
1054:Chagar Bazar
1043:
1035:Architecture
1023:
1019:
1017:
994:
985:Ubaid period
978:
939:
919:Khabur River
906:
904:
869:Chalcolithic
773:JĆmon period
609:Daxi culture
337:
240:Chagar Bazar
4451:Agriculture
4408:air defense
4368:Nationalism
4028:(1950â1963)
3967:(1516â1918)
3950:(1260â1516)
3944:(1174â1260)
3841:Roman Syria
3733:Abu Hureyra
3728:Uruk period
3535:Uruk period
3349:Paleolithic
3041:Halaf-Ubaid
2996:Mehrgarh II
2968:Chogha Mish
2850:'Ain Ghazal
2778:(7500â5500)
2768:Nabta Playa
2567:Mesopotamia
2422:Hittitology
2412:Assyriology
2333:Archaeology
2203:Old Persian
2013:Jemdet Nasr
1403:2268/102885
1148:stamp seals
1142:Stamp seals
1136:, (Baghdad)
1134:Iraq Museum
1058:Tell Amarna
1024:early Halaf
1011:valley, at
997:hill people
935:Mesopotamia
911:prehistoric
355:Nile valley
309:Pre-Pottery
123:Followed by
109:Preceded by
99:Major sites
63:Mesopotamia
4736:Categories
4669:television
4551:Censorship
4478:(currency)
4310:Parliament
4269:Iskandaron
4213:Corruption
3776:Canaanites
3545:Bronze Age
3387:Peking Man
3221:Gian Hasan
3145:Yarim Tepe
3064:Tepe Sialk
2990:Lahuradewa
2815:Mehrgarh I
2802:Ganj Dareh
2784:(7000 BC)
2775:ĂatalhöyĂŒk
2771:(7500 BC)
2718:Tell Aswad
2386:Divination
2096:Achaemenid
2061:Isin-Larsa
1954:Trialetian
1949:Mousterian
1936:Prehistory
1229:References
1050:Tepe Gawra
958:Sakce GözĂŒ
942:Tell Halaf
826:Metallurgy
753:Brahmagiri
713:Kalibangan
708:Rakhigarhi
686:Lahuradewa
681:South Asia
467:Khirokitia
274:Mesolithic
224:Tepe Gawra
160:Tell Halaf
93:Tell Halaf
4611:Squatting
4586:refugees
4561:Education
4520:Transport
4461:Companies
4403:Air force
4380:Terrorism
4293:Judiciary
4254:Elections
4218:President
4122:Euphrates
4112:Al-Jazira
4096:Volcanoes
4081:Districts
4055:Geography
4032:Civil war
4022:(1946â50)
4014:(1930â46)
4008:(1925â30)
4002:(1922â25)
3432:Neolithic
3201:Tepe Sabz
2933:Yarmukian
2898:Peiligang
2833:Franchthi
2806:Chia Jani
2577:Khuzistan
2259:Cuneiform
2135:Languages
1944:Acheulean
1831:Babylonia
1768:Euphrates
1718:Geography
1234:Citations
1211:Breniquet
1126:porcupine
1110:Baltimore
1020:pre-Halaf
1005:Neolithic
944:in north
846:Megaliths
812:(farming)
266:Neolithic
176:Tell Brak
103:Tell Brak
88:Type site
54:cultures.
4721:Category
4681:Religion
4606:Scouting
4581:diaspora
4466:Industry
4390:Military
4335:national
4315:Speakers
4196:Politics
4105:Features
3771:Arameans
3761:Amorites
3692:Timeline
3672:articles
3525:Daimabad
3417:Ubeidiya
3407:Solo Man
3397:Sangiran
3367:Java Man
3275:Badarian
3257:Khazineh
3018:Faiyum A
2810:Ali Kosh
2660:Mureybet
2540:Anatolia
2405:Academia
2359:Religion
2228:Urartian
2223:Sumerian
2208:Parthian
2143:Akkadian
2116:Sasanian
2106:Parthian
2101:Seleucid
2051:Simurrum
2041:Akkadian
1974:Khiamian
1964:Natufian
1876:Simurrum
1861:Kassites
1856:Hittites
1811:Adiabene
1217:See also
1202:Ubaidian
1062:Anatolia
748:Mundigak
743:Burzahom
738:Koldihwa
728:Daimabad
703:Bhirrana
691:Mehrgarh
18:Halafian
4705:Outline
4686:Smoking
4639:Cuisine
4621:Culture
4539:Society
4439:Economy
4156:Related
4142:Orontes
4071:Borders
3680:History
3402:Soanian
3261:Susiana
3218:Amuq D
3188:Hassuna
3177:Hacilar
3173:Amuq C
3167:Merimde
3139:Susiana
3134:14â12)
3102:Hassuna
3097:
3087:Hacilar
3083:Amuq B
3052:Samarra
2866:Bouqras
2792:Bouqras
2781:Hacilar
2742:Pottery
2714:Jericho
2691:Jericho
2666:
2558:Middle
2554:Assyria
2391:Prayers
2376:Deities
2340:Looting
2183:Kassite
2178:Hurrian
2173:Hittite
2163:Elamite
2158:Eblaite
2153:Aramaic
2148:Amorite
2071:Kassite
2046:Gutians
2028:History
1993:Samarra
1989:Hassuna
1959:Zarzian
1881:Subartu
1871:Mitanni
1836:Chaldea
1826:Assyria
1799:Ancient
1644:Brepols
1046:Nineveh
1030:Culture
821:Pottery
733:Chirand
252:Map of
48:Hassuna
44:Samarra
4629:Anthem
4576:People
4571:Hunger
4566:Health
4476:Pound
4178:Levant
4137:Hermon
4132:Hauran
4091:Rivers
4076:Cities
3986:(1920)
3806:Ugarit
3791:Yamhad
3670:
3279:Naqada
3247:19â18
3227:19â17
3224:Mersin
3184:22â20
3181:Mersin
3116:19â15)
3092:Mersin
2922:Dimini
2918:Sesklo
2837:Sesklo
2727:ĂayönĂŒ
2656:Gesher
2560:Tigris
2545:Khabur
2535:Levant
2521:Europe
2500:
2498:
2491:
2489:
2218:Sutean
2193:Median
2188:Luwian
2168:Gutian
2056:Ur III
1969:Nemrik
1906:Cities
1901:Urartu
1851:Hamazi
1846:Gutium
1821:Armani
1773:Tigris
1726:Modern
1650:
1627:
1608:
1575:
1548:
1518:
1488:
1456:
1429:
1376:
1349:
1260:
1009:Balikh
991:Origin
923:Turkey
841:Henges
723:Jhukar
397:Europe
69:Period
4712:Index
4676:Music
4664:State
4659:Media
4649:Films
4594:women
3871:(636)
3796:Qatna
3738:Aswad
3668:Syria
3495:Ohalo
3392:Riwat
3284:Ubaid
3251:Ubaid
3243:Gawra
3237:Ubaid
3231:Ubaid
3194:Gawra
3132:Eridu
3120:Ubaid
3114:Eridu
3108:Ubaid
3095:24â22
3031:Halaf
2950:Ubaid
2877:Jarmo
2797:Jarmo
2641:10000
2605:11000
2598:China
2593:India
2588:Indus
2531:Syria
2526:Egypt
2304:Music
2254:Akitu
2111:Roman
2003:Ubaid
1998:Halaf
1896:Tukri
1891:Sumer
1886:Suhum
1866:Media
1816:Akkad
1207:Oates
1112:, US)
970:Mosul
946:Syria
927:Syria
909:is a
831:Wheel
554:China
79:Dates
52:Ubaid
4654:Flag
4643:wine
4415:Navy
4398:Army
4286:LGBT
4245:list
4223:list
3801:Mari
3786:Ebla
3270:3800
3213:4500
3190:Late
3156:4800
3071:5200
3024:Amuq
3013:5600
2907:6000
2822:6500
2757:7000
2703:8000
2686:9000
2583:Iran
2572:Iran
2350:Tell
2008:Uruk
1841:Elam
1648:ISBN
1625:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1573:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1516:ISBN
1486:ISBN
1454:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1048:and
974:Iraq
931:Iraq
905:The
264:The
254:Iraq
50:and
3196:20
2564:Low
2249:Art
1399:hdl
4738::
3286:4
3263:B
3253:3
3233:3
3141:A
3026:A
2958:)
2940:)
2852:)
2579:)
2516:BC
1646:.
1642:.
1604:.
1600:.
1530:^
1500:^
1468:^
1411:^
1397:.
1311:^
1242:^
1209:,
1132:;
1056:,
1052:,
987:.
976:.
972:,
937:.
925:,
867:â
315:,
272:â
133:,
129:,
115:,
46:,
4645:)
4641:(
3660:e
3653:t
3646:v
3333:e
3326:t
3319:v
3245:)
3241:(
3239:3
3130:(
3128:)
3124:(
3122:2
3112:(
3110:1
2954:(
2952:0
2936:(
2848:(
2744:)
2740:(
2590:/
2575:(
2471:e
2464:t
2457:v
1991:/
1702:e
1695:t
1688:v
1656:.
1633:.
1614:.
1581:.
1554:.
1524:.
1494:.
1462:.
1435:.
1405:.
1401::
1382:.
1355:.
1266:.
1108:(
894:e
887:t
880:v
319:)
317:B
313:A
311:(
20:)
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