616:
625:
322:
331:
418:
427:
679:
688:
670:
omitted as
Victoria, as a woman, could not become the monarch of Hanover. Struck at the Royal Mint in London every year from 1838 to 1885, excepting 1881 and 1882 (the mint was under renovation in the latter year), there are a number of variations over time generally dealing with the size of Victoria's head, the position and size of the legends and date on the coin, and whether a die number (used by the Royal Mint to track die wear) is included on the reverse. Some variations were intentionally introduced by the Royal Mint, according to Sir John Craig in his history of it, "to titillate the numismatists".
653:) until 1834, though proof coins were issued in 1831. They were issued as well in 1835, 1836 and 1837. The obverse features a barehead bust of William IV, which was engraved by William Wyon from a model by Chantrey. The reverse is similar to the later George IV issues, with a crowned shield and mantle on the reverse which was modelled and engraved by Merlen. The 1834 issue had a reduced diameter, 17.9 mm (most half sovereigns measure 19.4 mm in diameter), though no change was made to the weight or fineness. It is possible that the diameter was reduced so that tools and dies for the
1014:). In 2009, in conjunction with an attempt to restore Pistrucci's design for the sovereign as closely as possible to what he originally intended, the half sovereign was modified to resemble what it had looked like when the George and dragon was first placed on the coin in 1893. This entailed the loss of Pistrucci's initials, which remained absent in 2010 but were restored in 2011. Sovereigns which are legal tender in Britain were produced in India with the permission of the Royal Mint from 2013 with mint mark I; half sovereigns were struck there in 2014.
862:
963:
752:
761:
3332:
167:
141:
2600:
595:. Pistrucci had refused to copy Chantrey's work, and he had no further involvement with designing coinage. Changes were made to the reverse, which was given a more ornate version of the shield, and this was struck every year through 1829. The half sovereigns struck in 1829 were probably dated 1828, but one 1829 half sovereign is known, in the collection of the
1021:
was substituted on the half sovereign's obverse. Proof half sovereigns dated 2016 featured an obverse with a different portrait of Queen
Elizabeth by James Butler in honour of the queen's 90th birthday. For the 200th anniversary of the modern sovereign in 2017, proof half sovereigns featured a design
722:
on the reverse for the issues that were otherwise identical to those struck in London: S for Sydney, M for
Melbourne and P for Perth. In addition to the series struck whilst a branch of the Royal Mint, the modern Perth Mint has struck half sovereigns (with face value A$ 15) using the early Australian
896:
The 1918-P half sovereign is unusual because there was no record of half sovereigns being struck in Perth that year, and they were most likely produced in 1919 and 1920, and then exported to an uncertain fate, as relatively few are known. There were coinages at
Pretoria (mint mark SA), the only half
383:
of France in the fourth. The legend on the coin proclaims James king of
England, Scotland, Ireland and France, while the reverse legend reads "EXVRGAT DEVS DISSIPENTVR INIMICI" which translates as "Let God arise and let His enemies be scattered" from Psalms 68:1. The letters I and R, for IACOBIS REX
238:
were reintroduced. Until it was discontinued as a currency coin in 1926, the half sovereign was struck in most years and circulated widely. In addition to being coined in London, it was struck at the colonial mints in
Australia and South Africa. Exacting standards made it difficult to strike, and it
974:
beginning in 1957, and with special-quality proof coins issued from 1979. The Royal Mint realised there was a market for sovereign coins and began to sell them to collectors at well over face or bullion value. In 1980, the first
Elizabeth II half sovereigns available to the public were issued,
540:
a much more traditional fate awaited the first half-sovereigns issued in more than 200 years. All the powers of exuberance had plainly been expended on designing the larger coin and what emerged into circulation in
September 1817 was an angular shield of the Royal Arms ... ensuring there was a
813:
Boehm's obverse design showing
Victoria wearing a crown that was deemed undersized proved controversial, and the Royal Mint was determined to replace it as soon as possible. An advisory committee on the design of coins was appointed, which recommended using Pistrucci's George and Dragon design for
726:
Despite the fact that the half sovereign saw more use in circulation than the sovereign, in the 1880s, there were efforts to abolish it and replace it with silver coinage. While the sovereign was a world-wide trade coin, the half sovereign stayed mostly in
Britain, and had to be struck to exacting
709:
opened in 1855, half sovereigns were struck beginning in 1855. Half sovereigns struck at Sydney from 1855 to 1866 were not of the same design as struck in London, but, as the Royal Mint feared that they would not be struck to the same standard, stated their origin at the Sydney Mint as part of the
669:
came to the throne in 1837 and reigned until 1901; the first half sovereigns of her reign were issued in 1838. The first series of Victorian half sovereigns (1838 to 1886) feature William Wyon's portrait of a youthful Victoria on the obverse, and a shield reverse by Merlen with the Hanoverian arms
242:
Production of half sovereigns continued until 1926 and, apart from special issues for coronation years, was suspended until 1980. Since then it has been struck for sale by the Royal Mint, although it does not circulate. In addition to the portrait of the reigning monarch, the coin features in most
892:
that led up to war, many members of the public exchanged banknotes for gold. Once war began, paper currency of ten shillings and of one pound were quickly issued to take the place of the two gold coins, and although there was no formal suspension of gold payments, the government promoted the view
345:
The half sovereign was introduced as part of Henry's third issue of coins, in 1544, debasing the coinage still further. The coin depicts a crowned King Henry sitting in his chair of state, holding his orb and sceptre on the obverse, while the reverse features a royal shield containing the arms of
990:
for the 500th anniversary of the sovereign coin was struck in all four denominations. Sindall adapted a design showing an enthroned Queen Elizabeth II that he had originally proposed for the Silver Jubilee crown of 1977 for the obverse, and placed a crowned shield atop a double rose for the
853:
on the obverse and the George and dragon reverse. Coins were minted in London, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney. The initial reverse was modified during 1904 to restore Pistrucci's initials to his design and make slight modifications elsewhere. Half sovereigns dated 1904 with the original design were
590:
The next time the half sovereign was struck, in 1823, it featured a plainer version of the shield on the reverse, designed by Merlen, and Pistrucci's portrait of George. This version was also struck in 1824 and 1825. The king was dissatisfied with his portrayal, and Pistrucci's bust design was
657:
fourpence could be used for the half sovereign. Mint ledgers from this reign record that £60,000 or 120,000 half sovereigns dated 1834 were recalled due to their similarity to the discontinued seven shilling or third guinea pieces. Some 1836 and 1837 half sovereigns are known with a slightly
809:
between June 1887 and February 1890. No half sovereigns were struck at any mint in 1888, and only Sydney struck them in 1889. In February 1890, Goschen, in his budget statement, took pride in having temporarily curtailed what he described as "the most expensive coin in the world".
658:
different obverse, apparently taken from the obverse dies for the sixpence. This may have been due to an error by the Royal Mint. It being a common fraud to gild a sixpence to pass it as a half sovereign, beginning in William's reign, the sixpence carried a statement of its value.
687:
678:
477:, valued at twenty-one shillings. One reason for the introduction of gold coinage based on the sovereign was that its value, equal to one pound sterling, was more convenient than the guinea. Nevertheless, the Coinage Act did not specify which coins the Mint should strike.
893:
that to ask for payment in gold was unpatriotic. Nevertheless, production of gold coins at the colonial mints continued, mostly for export. Production of half sovereigns at Australian mints continued until 1920, though only a few were struck after 1916, all at Perth.
1061:, with a crowned bust of the king by Jennings on the obverse and with the Pistrucci design on the reverse. For 2024, Jennings' uncrowned portrait of Charles was paired with Pistrucci's reverse on each of the five sovereign denominations struck in proof, from the
858:) struck sovereigns as it was obliged to do on request as a branch of the Royal Mint, mostly for export. Sovereigns and half sovereigns, though legal tender in Canada, did not circulate much. There were no strikings of half sovereigns at Ottawa.
384:(James the King) flank the shield. These half sovereigns were only issued in very small numbers. In 1604, James I reduced the weight of gold coinage, and renamed sovereigns and half sovereigns as unites and half unites, in honour of his
313:). The inherited wealth was dissipated due to Henry VIII's extravagant lifestyle and the war expenses needed to maintain a claim over France. These expenses led to the repeated debasement of the currency over the younger Henry's reign.
500:
August 1816. The twenty-shilling piece was named a sovereign, with the resurrection of the old name possibly promoted by antiquarians with numismatic interests. The modern sovereign featuring the well-known design by the Italian sculptor,
1042:, the Royal Mint issued memorial coins in the sovereign range, including the half sovereign, featuring an interpretation of the Royal Arms by Clark as the reverse, and for the obverse, the first coinage portrait of Elizabeth's successor,
710:
design, and were not legal tender in Britain. Dies for these issues were prepared at London. As trust grew, the Australian coins were accepted as legal tender, and, beginning in 1871, Sydney used the same shield design as did London. The
743:, described the half sovereign as "that profligate little coin". Neverless Sir Charles Fremantle, deputy master of the mint, stated in 1874 that the half sovereign was the most convenient part of the change given for a sovereign.
374:
in England) beginning in 1603, and features a portrait of the king on the obverse, and a crowned shield on the reverse. The shield of arms featured on James I's coinage features the lions of England in the first quarter,
2228:
2168:
998:, appeared on half sovereigns from 1998 to 2015. The coins were initially only in proof, but from 2000, were also made available as bullion coins. Special designs for the reverse were substituted for Pistrucci's for
798:. The sixpence of the Jubilee coinage bore no written denomination and was the same size as (and resembled) the half sovereign; amid a flurry of fraud from those who gilded it, the new sixpence had to be withdrawn.
805:, was slow to decide whether to discontinue the half sovereign, and eventually decided against it. Nevertheless, Goschen was no supporter of the half sovereign, and none were struck at the Royal Mint's facility at
1033:
In 2022, the Royal Mint struck half sovereigns with a reverse design by Noad showing an interpretation of the Royal Arms. This design, used for the sovereign and its multiples and fractions, was to mark the
901:
produced the 1925 and 1926 issues for local circulation as mine owners insisted on paying workers in gold. These issues bearing the portrait of George V were the last half sovereigns struck for circulation.
556:), were issued dated 1817, 1818 and 1820, with none dated 1819, a year in which few sovereigns were struck. Few gold coins were issued in 1819 because of a proposal that gold should be retained in the
346:
France and England, supported by a lion and a dragon. Henry's titles as king surround the designs on both sides, and HR (Henricus Rex, or Henry the King) appears at the bottom of the reverse design.
2198:
624:
615:
473:, with the pound to be defined as a given quantity of gold. Almost every speaker in the parliamentary debate supported having a coin valued at twenty shillings, rather than continuing to use the
1886:
1634:
727:
standards, which resulted in 45 per cent of newly-struck half sovereigns being melted at the mint. This made it expensive to coin, the more so because the government did not profit from
330:
321:
782:, but that coin lasted only four years. Also in 1887, a new obverse was given to the silver and gold coinage, including the half sovereign. The coins were introduced in the year of
2126:
794:. The reverse featured another version of the shield (the ensigns armorial of the United Kingdom), this one garnished and surmounted by a crown. The reverse design was engraved by
2220:
509:
slaying the dragon was proclaimed as currency in 1817, and minting commenced later that year. The new half sovereign instead bore a reverse design depicting a shield, engraved by
854:
struck at London and Perth; the modified version, with initials, was used at all four mints during that year. Beginning in 1908, the Ottawa branch of the Royal Mint (later the
954:, in Elizabeth's coronation year of 1953, but these were not for public sale, only for the royal and national collections. Use of Pistrucci's design continued on the reverse.
2160:
545:
The half sovereign, proclaimed legal tender on 10 October 1817, became the smallest gold coin in regular use. The first issues of the half sovereign, depicting the bust of
3259:
426:
417:
400:
For further information regarding the beginnings and history of the modern sovereign coinage, as well as discussion of the St George and dragon reverse design, see
579:) features his portrait engraved by Pistrucci wearing a laurel wreath on the obverse and an ornately garnished crowned shield on the reverse which was designed by
541:
fractional element to the gold coinage demonstrated forward thinking but, like its higher-value partner, it found the first few years of life beset with troubles.
3191:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
986:, were struck. Many of these were issued in four-piece gold proof sets with the sovereign, double sovereign and five-pound piece. In 1989, a special design by
830:, would have hated that!" Half sovereigns with Brock's obverse and the Pistrucci reverse continued to be struck until 1901, the year of the queen's death.
3224:
975:
in proof quality, and in 1982, the first half sovereigns sold as bullion coins. Both issues carried the second coinage portrait of Elizabeth II, by
607:
with pieces to fill gaps in its collection. The George and dragon reverse vanished after 1825 from the sovereign, not to be seen again on it until 1871.
2190:
2066:
520:
arms surmounted by a royal crown. The kings of Britain also ruled Hanover between 1714 and 1837; the arms of Hanover depicted the armorial bearings of
2632:
705:
Gold was discovered in Australia in 1851, leading to requests from colonial officials that a branch of the Royal Mint be established there. After the
1878:
1624:
513:, possibly based on a design by Pistrucci, though the numismatic scholar, Howard Linecar, stated that Wyon was also responsible for the modelling.
3547:
935:
on the obverse and the St George reverse, were struck in 1937 with a plain edge as part of the tradition to strike all denominations as part of a
718:
opened in 1899, and first struck half sovereigns in 1900. The colonial mints used dies prepared in London and transported by ship, which included
979:
on their obverses, with the Pistrucci design as the reverse. Proof half sovereigns with the Machin obverse were also struck dated 1983 and 1984.
1928:
2604:
2096:
1006:, depicting a crowned shield within a wreath), in 2005 (a more modern interpretation of the George and dragon, also by Noad), and in 2012 for
2582:
2543:
2524:
2505:
2486:
2467:
2448:
2389:
2370:
2351:
2307:
2288:
3562:
2834:
966:
Benedetto Pistrucci's original sketch was the basis of both the 1817 sovereign and the 2017 sovereign series, including the half sovereign.
920:), unlike the sovereign, double sovereign and five-pound piece, for which pattern coins exist. Half sovereigns bearing a bare head bust of
802:
2118:
3161:
2899:
481:
1017:
Beginning with some proof 2015 issues, and continuing with bullion issues in 2016, the fifth coinage portrait of Elizabeth II, by
783:
3067:
1007:
2250:
2858:
2680:
2655:
1035:
999:
884:
and the Pistrucci reverse, were first issued in 1911 and continued until 1915 at London. The final years before the start of the
462:
3156:
489:
3311:
3217:
3047:
2867:
731:
on gold coinage, as it did on silver coinage, and so the government discouraged the use of the half sovereign. In 1884, the
3557:
2625:
772:
half sovereign depicting Victoria, 1887. This series became controversial because Victoria's crown was deemed undersized.
3123:
3057:
2675:
360:), initially with the designs of the previous reign, and later with a depiction of Edward seated in the chair of state.
982:
From 1985 to 1997, except in 1989, half sovereigns in proof condition with the third coinage portrait of Elizabeth, by
516:
The shield was a new version of the royal arms, bearing the quartered arms of England, Scotland and Ireland, with the
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3468:
3462:
3306:
3118:
3062:
3031:
2695:
2641:
736:
244:
177:
735:
government proposed to reduce the gold content of the half sovereign by a tenth; though this effort failed, a later
3166:
3052:
3021:
2700:
583:. This initial reverse, issued in 1821, was quickly withdrawn due to its similarity in size and appearance to the
3508:
3474:
3408:
3321:
3296:
3210:
2959:
2908:
2685:
2339:
1058:
850:
533:
2420:
2400:
3396:
3103:
3006:
2917:
2705:
2690:
2618:
2554:
861:
849:) were issued in 1902 and the series continued until 1910. The coin features a bare head bust of Edward VII by
592:
401:
284:
260:
235:
34:
3497:
3301:
3291:
3281:
3113:
3026:
2935:
2926:
2810:
2058:
740:
584:
292:
231:
3552:
814:
the sovereign on the half sovereign. For the obverse, a new design depicting a veiled bust of Victoria by
376:
129:
between design and date for Saint George and the Dragon coins, and under the shield for shield back coins.
3444:
3372:
2954:
2780:
1039:
493:
227:
897:
sovereign issues from there, in 1923, 1925 and 1926. Although the 1923-SA was a proof-only issue, the
3438:
3366:
3316:
3255:
3128:
2973:
1920:
987:
827:
795:
580:
265:
3567:
2893:
2088:
1023:
1011:
939:
in a new monarch's coronation year. They were struck again for that purpose for George's daughter,
855:
502:
248:
187:
1003:
888:
in 1914 saw large circulation of sovereigns and half sovereigns, and during the final days of the
521:
517:
458:
385:
302:
Henry VII left a large treasury – the modern equivalent of about £375 million – to his successor
276:
122:
2321:
865:
With war beginning in 1914, half sovereigns in British commerce were replaced by treasury notes.
2161:"The Royal Mint unveils the 2022 Sovereign – the first coin in its Platinum Jubilee collection"
3402:
3093:
2578:
2539:
2520:
2501:
2482:
2463:
2444:
2385:
2366:
2347:
2327:
2317:
2303:
2284:
1062:
995:
962:
881:
760:
751:
166:
140:
3331:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3108:
3088:
3016:
2728:
1924:
822:. Pistrucci's initials, BP, are not found on the Old Head half sovereign; Richard Lobel, in
819:
604:
596:
587:, meaning that the sixpence could more easily be gilded and passed off as a half sovereign.
485:
466:
280:
3171:
1054:
983:
885:
787:
769:
557:
446:
388:
on the island of Great Britain. The renamed half sovereign was thereafter replaced by the
2221:"The Coronation of His Majesty King Charles III sovereign 2023 four-coin gold proof set"
3456:
3384:
3148:
2978:
2757:
2751:
2710:
932:
711:
697:
666:
364:
212:
110:
591:
replaced beginning with some 1825 coins with an engraving by Wyon, based on a work by
3521:
3480:
3011:
2968:
2786:
976:
898:
779:
474:
470:
450:
826:, commented, "how the egotistical Italian, who spelled his name in full on the 1818
778:
The efforts to use silver in place of gold resulted in the 1887 introduction of the
3390:
3286:
3072:
2987:
2940:
971:
951:
940:
906:
815:
791:
654:
510:
380:
296:
220:
152:
52:
3450:
3378:
2997:
1043:
910:
889:
706:
600:
525:
389:
118:
88:
599:. This was one of several coins struck by the Royal Mint in 1891 from original
349:
The new coin continued to be struck in the reign of Henry's son and successor,
3360:
2254:
2224:
2194:
2164:
2122:
2092:
2062:
1882:
1629:
1027:
1018:
839:
806:
728:
715:
643:
634:
546:
436:
303:
216:
114:
17:
2365:(paperback ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
3432:
3426:
2948:
2331:
936:
921:
732:
723:
design, though with an inscription denoting their origin at the Perth Mint.
719:
569:
506:
350:
208:
2599:
1022:
evocative of the 1817 sovereign, with Pistrucci's design contained within
870:
454:
288:
226:
The half sovereign was originally introduced in 1544 during the reign of
106:
818:
was used. First used in 1893, coins bearing it have become known as the
3420:
3348:
2577:(Kindle ed.). Dunbeath, Caithness, Scotland: Whittles Publishing.
126:
869:
After Edward's death in 1910, half sovereigns featuring the new king,
251:, first used on the sovereign in 1817 and the half-sovereign in 1893.
215:. First issued in its present form in 1817, it has been struck by the
3354:
970:
Although it no longer circulated, the sovereign had been issued as a
2720:
642:
Half sovereigns were not issued for circulation during the reign of
560:
and only issued in ingots worth £233, a plan which did not succeed.
239:
was considered for elimination in the 1880s despite its popularity.
3202:
2610:
230:
but the issue was discontinued after 1604. In 1817, as part of the
3250:
3245:
2460:
Coincraft's Standard Catalogue English & UK Coins 1066 to Date
1344:
1342:
961:
860:
529:
453:
and bank notes were used for currency. After the final defeat of
379:
in the second, the harp of Ireland in the third quarter and the
3206:
2614:
2384:(62nd ed.). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: The Charlton Press.
714:
opened in 1873, and struck half sovereigns the same year. The
3330:
1467:
1465:
1010:(another modern interpretation of the George and dragon, by
568:
The first type of half sovereign minted during the reign of
2462:(5th ed.). London: Standard Catalogue Publishers Ltd.
484:
recommended gold coins of ten shillings, twenty shillings,
2500:(revised ed.). Exeter, Devon: Token Publishing Ltd.
2346:(2nd ed.). Llantrisant, Wales: Royal Mint Museum.
1846:
1844:
1152:
1150:
1861:
1859:
1227:
1225:
824:
Coincraft's Standard Catalogue of English and UK Coins
2191:"The Memorial half sovereign 2022 gold bullion coin"
3490:
3341:
3238:
3141:
3081:
3040:
2719:
2648:
2344:
A History of the Sovereign: Chief Coin of the World
2119:"The half sovereign 2014 gold coin struck in India"
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1305:
1303:
1254:
1252:
1057:. Half sovereigns were issued in 2023, marking the
905:The half sovereign was not included in the sets of
193:
183:
173:
159:
147:
133:
102:
94:
83:
75:
67:
59:
47:
2575:Money Talks: British Monarchs and History in Coins
1348:
1129:
1625:"Limited edition Perth Mint gold coin available"
1879:"History of the rare 1918 Perth half sovereign"
538:
449:, large amounts of gold left Britain, and worn
2538:(39th ed.). London: Spink & Son Ltd.
219:in most years since 1980 as a collector's and
151:Portrait of reigning monarch. This coin shows
3218:
3192:List of people on coins of the United Kingdom
2626:
2382:Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins
2283:. Vol. II. London: Spink & Son Ltd.
2251:"The sovereign 2024 five-coin gold proof set"
1030:with the number 200 marking the anniversary.
994:The fourth coinage portrait of Elizabeth, by
8:
2326:. Vol. II. London: Macmillan & Co.
696:Sydney Mint half sovereign, 1856, depicting
32:
536:, in his book on the sovereign's history:
532:. According to the Royal Mint's historian,
197:1817 (first used on half sovereign in 1893)
3225:
3211:
3203:
3037:
2633:
2619:
2611:
2298:Celtel, André; Gullbekk, Svein H. (2006).
363:The half sovereign was struck again under
165:
139:
31:
2300:The Sovereign and its Golden Antecedents
295:, the only gold coins being issued were
2536:Coins of England and the United Kingdom
1117:
1081:
1074:
958:Collector and bullion coin (since 1980)
2147:
2033:
2009:
1997:
1961:
1907:
1598:
1586:
1562:
1514:
1471:
1420:
1408:
1372:
1333:
1294:
1231:
1156:
1141:
1093:
1667:
1036:Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II
801:Churchill's successor as chancellor,
287:gold coin, which he valued at twenty
7:
2401:"Gold, Silver and the Double Florin"
2231:from the original on 30 October 2023
2099:from the original on 30 October 2023
1921:"Edward VIII pattern sovereign 1937"
492:be issued, and this was accepted by
3162:List of British banknotes and coins
1811:
1799:
1787:
1739:
1321:
1038:. Later in the year, following the
1008:Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee
633:The 1835 half sovereign, depicting
469:, placed Britain officially on the
2481:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Coins.
2443:. London: G. Bell & Sons Ltd.
2441:British Coin Designs and Designers
2201:from the original on 29 March 2023
2059:"2010 Elizabeth II half sovereign"
2045:
2021:
1973:
1949:
1865:
1574:
1396:
1360:
1282:
1243:
1000:Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee
909:prepared in 1936 for the reign of
25:
1850:
1835:
1823:
1703:
1610:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1502:
1483:
1456:
1444:
1384:
1309:
1270:
1258:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1105:
838:The first half sovereigns during
2598:
2171:from the original on 6 July 2022
2129:from the original on 7 July 2022
2069:from the original on 3 June 2023
1985:
1931:from the original on 14 May 2023
1889:from the original on 19 May 2023
1775:
1763:
1751:
1727:
1715:
1691:
1679:
1655:
1637:from the original on 19 May 2023
1432:
759:
750:
686:
677:
623:
614:
425:
416:
329:
320:
1623:O'Donnell, Joe (29 June 2015).
1048:
945:
926:
915:
880:), with an obverse designed by
875:
844:
784:Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee
648:
574:
551:
369:
355:
308:
270:
3548:1544 establishments in England
1059:coronation of Charles III
790:; the obverse was designed by
396:British coin (1817 to present)
1:
2605:Half sovereign (British coin)
2458:Lobel, Richard, ed. (1999) .
2439:Linecar, Howard W.A. (1977).
2421:"The Jubilee Coinage of 1887"
283:. In 1489, he introduced the
211:denominated at one-half of a
2534:Spink & Son Ltd (2004).
2517:The Story of British Coinage
2302:. Oslo, Norway: Monetarius.
1026:, and bullion issues bore a
3563:Saint George and the Dragon
2519:. London: B. A. Seaby Ltd.
2496:Marsh, Michael A. (2017) .
737:chancellor of the exchequer
245:Saint George and the dragon
178:Saint George and the Dragon
51:3.994 g (61.637
3584:
3167:List of British currencies
2562:British Numismatic Journal
2477:Marsh, Michael A. (1982).
2428:British Numismatic Journal
2408:British Numismatic Journal
399:
258:
3509:Coins of England category
3506:
3328:
2573:Whittington, Bob (2017).
2419:Lant, Jeffrey L. (1973).
2380:Cross, W.K., ed. (2008).
2150:, pp. 164, 170, 173.
2089:"The half sovereign 2011"
1065:to the five-pound piece.
851:George William de Saulles
339:Henry VIII half sovereign
279:'s economy following the
164:
138:
40:
1529:, pp. 403, 407–408.
402:Sovereign (British coin)
386:uniting the two kingdoms
261:Sovereign (English coin)
255:English coin (1544–1604)
2479:The Gold Half Sovereign
2323:Lord Randolph Churchill
741:Lord Randolph Churchill
3335:
2553:Stocker, Mark (1996).
2279:Bull, Maurice (2023).
967:
950:), with a portrait by
866:
543:
234:, half sovereigns and
125:. Found on reverse on
3334:
3032:Five guineas (£5/5/–)
3017:Double sovereign (£2)
2993:Half sovereign (10/–)
2555:"The Coinage of 1893"
2515:Seaby, Peter (1985).
2361:Craig, John (2010) .
1589:, pp. 19–20, 26.
1349:Celtel & Gullbekk
1130:Celtel & Gullbekk
1120:, pp. 1265–1294.
1040:death of Elizabeth II
965:
864:
494:George, Prince Regent
3558:Half-base-unit coins
3129:Landmarks of Britain
3022:Two guineas (£2/2/–)
2607:at Wikimedia Commons
2399:Dyer, G. P. (1995).
2281:English Gold Coinage
2000:, pp. 163, 166.
1387:, pp. 453, 467.
796:Leonard Charles Wyon
662:Victoria (1837–1901)
581:Jean Baptiste Merlen
3114:Quintuple sovereign
2979:Quarter guinea (5/3
2969:Double florin (4/–)
2036:, pp. 163–172.
2024:, pp. 100–101.
2012:, pp. 163–167.
1853:, pp. 470–471.
1838:, pp. 146–147.
1814:, pp. 121–122.
1766:, pp. 118–121.
1754:, pp. 137–138.
1742:, pp. 109–110.
1682:, p. 119 n.31.
1658:, pp. 116–117.
1601:, pp. 133–134.
1541:, pp. 153–157.
1486:, pp. 467–468.
1474:, pp. 118–119.
1423:, pp. 113–117.
1273:, pp. 116–117.
1183:, pp. 100–101.
1144:, pp. 108–109.
856:Royal Canadian Mint
503:Benedetto Pistrucci
480:A committee of the
249:Benedetto Pistrucci
188:Benedetto Pistrucci
37:
3543:1544 introductions
3538:Coins of Australia
3533:British gold coins
3528:English gold coins
3336:
3157:Sterling banknotes
3124:The Queen's Beasts
2988:Third guinea (7/–)
2941:Fifteen pence (1/3
2729:Quarter farthing (
2498:The Gold Sovereign
2318:Churchill, Winston
1132:, pp. 78, 80.
1051: 2022–
968:
867:
459:Battle of Waterloo
243:years an image of
79:22ct (91.67%) gold
3515:
3514:
3403:Crown of the Rose
3200:
3199:
3137:
3136:
3094:Quarter sovereign
2998:Half guinea (10/6
2868:Three halfpence (
2603:Media related to
2584:978-1-84995-356-6
2545:978-1-902040-56-1
2526:978-0-900652-74-5
2507:978-1-908828-36-1
2488:978-0-9506929-1-3
2469:978-0-9526228-8-8
2450:978-0-7135-1931-0
2391:978-0-88968-328-0
2372:978-0-521-17077-2
2353:978-1-869917-00-5
2309:978-82-996755-6-7
2290:978-1-912667-72-7
1868:, pp. 87–92.
1577:, pp. 79–80.
1399:, pp. 65–66.
1324:, pp. 92–93.
1246:, pp. 52–55.
1063:quarter sovereign
996:Ian Rank-Broadley
941:Elizabeth II
882:Bertram Mackennal
299:and half angels.
291:. Before the new
201:
200:
27:British gold coin
16:(Redirected from
3575:
3233:Coins of England
3227:
3220:
3213:
3204:
3187:Coins of Ireland
3182:Scottish coinage
3177:Old Head coinage
3152:
3109:Double sovereign
3038:
3027:Five pounds (£5)
2886:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2758:Third farthing (
2744:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2642:Sterling coinage
2635:
2628:
2621:
2612:
2602:
2588:
2569:
2559:
2549:
2530:
2511:
2492:
2473:
2454:
2435:
2425:
2415:
2405:
2395:
2376:
2357:
2335:
2313:
2294:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1925:Royal Collection
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1885:. 23 June 2013.
1875:
1869:
1863:
1854:
1848:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1052:
1050:
949:
948: 1952–2022
947:
930:
929: 1936–1952
928:
919:
918: 1936–1936
917:
879:
878: 1910–1936
877:
848:
847: 1901–1910
846:
820:Old Head coinage
763:
754:
690:
681:
652:
651: 1830–1837
650:
627:
618:
605:Bodleian Library
597:Ashmolean Museum
593:Francis Chantrey
578:
577: 1820–1830
576:
555:
554: 1760–1820
553:
499:
467:Coinage Act 1816
429:
420:
377:that of Scotland
373:
372: 1603–1625
371:
359:
358: 1547–1553
357:
333:
324:
312:
311: 1509–1547
310:
281:War of the Roses
274:
273: 1485–1509
272:
169:
143:
95:Years of minting
38:
21:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3502:
3486:
3469:Fifty shillings
3337:
3326:
3312:Three halfpence
3307:Three farthings
3234:
3231:
3201:
3196:
3172:Jubilee coinage
3150:
3133:
3077:
3036:
3012:Guinea (£1/1/–)
2960:Half crown (2/6
2881:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:Half farthing (
2768:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2715:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2644:
2639:
2595:
2585:
2572:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2533:
2527:
2514:
2508:
2495:
2489:
2476:
2470:
2457:
2451:
2438:
2423:
2418:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2379:
2373:
2360:
2354:
2338:
2316:
2310:
2297:
2291:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1857:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1525:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1501:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1301:
1297:, pp. 7–8.
1293:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1084:, p. 1253.
1080:
1076:
1071:
1055:Martin Jennings
1047:
988:Bernard Sindall
984:Raphael Maklouf
960:
944:
925:
914:
886:First World War
874:
843:
840:Edward VII
836:
788:Jubilee coinage
786:and dubbed the
776:
775:
774:
773:
770:Jubilee coinage
766:
765:
764:
756:
755:
703:
702:
701:
700:
693:
692:
691:
683:
682:
664:
647:
644:William IV
640:
639:
638:
637:
630:
629:
628:
620:
619:
573:
566:
558:Bank of England
550:
547:George III
497:
447:Napoleonic Wars
443:
442:
441:
440:
432:
431:
430:
422:
421:
410:
405:
398:
368:
354:
343:
342:
341:
340:
336:
335:
334:
326:
325:
307:
304:Henry VIII
269:
263:
257:
232:Great Recoinage
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3581:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3491:Copper and tin
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3415:Half sovereign
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3385:Quarter Florin
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3099:Half sovereign
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3007:Sovereign (£1)
3004:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2957:
2952:
2938:
2936:Shilling (1/–)
2933:
2924:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2892:(Ceylon &
2865:
2856:
2832:
2808:
2784:
2755:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2652:
2650:
2649:Decimal system
2646:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2594:
2593:External links
2591:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2570:
2550:
2544:
2531:
2525:
2512:
2506:
2493:
2487:
2474:
2468:
2455:
2449:
2436:
2416:
2396:
2390:
2377:
2371:
2358:
2352:
2336:
2314:
2308:
2295:
2289:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2242:
2212:
2182:
2152:
2140:
2110:
2080:
2050:
2048:, p. 102.
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1988:, p. 305.
1978:
1966:
1964:, p. 163.
1954:
1942:
1912:
1900:
1870:
1855:
1840:
1828:
1826:, p. 471.
1816:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1778:, p. 261.
1768:
1756:
1744:
1732:
1730:, p. 134.
1720:
1718:, p. 132.
1708:
1706:, p. 495.
1696:
1694:, p. 125.
1684:
1672:
1670:, p. 187.
1660:
1648:
1615:
1613:, p. 469.
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1553:, p. 294.
1543:
1531:
1519:
1517:, p. 219.
1507:
1505:, p. 468.
1488:
1476:
1461:
1459:, p. 151.
1449:
1447:, p. 400.
1437:
1425:
1413:
1411:, p. 113.
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1338:
1336:, p. 112.
1326:
1314:
1312:, p. 467.
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1261:, p. 147.
1248:
1236:
1221:
1219:, p. 102.
1209:
1207:, p. 126.
1197:
1195:, p. 127.
1185:
1173:
1171:, p. 247.
1161:
1159:, p. 109.
1146:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1086:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1067:
959:
956:
933:Humphrey Paget
922:George VI
835:
832:
803:George Goschen
768:
767:
758:
757:
749:
748:
747:
746:
745:
712:Melbourne Mint
698:Queen Victoria
695:
694:
685:
684:
676:
675:
674:
673:
672:
667:Queen Victoria
663:
660:
632:
631:
622:
621:
613:
612:
611:
610:
609:
603:to supply the
570:George IV
565:
562:
439:half sovereign
434:
433:
424:
423:
415:
414:
413:
412:
411:
409:
406:
397:
394:
351:Edward VI
338:
337:
328:
327:
319:
318:
317:
316:
315:
275:) revitalised
256:
253:
247:, designed by
213:pound sterling
205:half sovereign
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
162:
161:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
136:
135:
131:
130:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
49:
45:
44:
42:United Kingdom
41:
26:
24:
18:Half-sovereign
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3580:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:Bullion coins
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:Commemorative
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2909:Threepence (3
2907:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2340:Clancy, Kevin
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1976:, p. 99.
1975:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1952:, p. 97.
1951:
1946:
1943:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1910:, p. 52.
1909:
1904:
1901:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1802:, p. 71.
1801:
1796:
1793:
1790:, p. 67.
1789:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1565:, p. 13.
1564:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1435:, p. 68.
1434:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1363:, p. 63.
1362:
1357:
1354:
1351:, p. 99.
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1285:, p. 57.
1284:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1108:, p. 81.
1107:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
989:
985:
980:
978:
977:Arnold Machin
973:
964:
957:
955:
953:
942:
938:
934:
923:
912:
908:
907:pattern coins
903:
900:
899:Pretoria Mint
894:
891:
887:
883:
872:
871:George V
863:
859:
857:
852:
841:
833:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
811:
808:
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:double florin
771:
762:
753:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
724:
721:
717:
713:
708:
699:
689:
680:
671:
668:
661:
659:
656:
645:
636:
626:
617:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
588:
586:
582:
571:
563:
561:
559:
548:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:Privy Council
478:
476:
472:
471:gold standard
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
438:
428:
419:
407:
403:
395:
393:
391:
387:
382:
381:fleurs-de-lis
378:
366:
361:
352:
347:
332:
323:
314:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
267:
262:
254:
252:
250:
246:
240:
237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
221:bullion piece
218:
214:
210:
207:is a British
206:
196:
192:
189:
186:
182:
179:
176:
172:
168:
163:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
36:
30:
19:
3463:Triple unite
3414:
3357:(c.796-1016)
3098:
3073:Maundy money
2999:
2992:
2980:
2961:
2955:Florin (2/–)
2942:
2928:
2919:
2918:Fourpence (4
2910:
2901:
2887:
2860:
2851:
2827:
2803:
2774:
2745:
2574:
2565:
2561:
2535:
2516:
2497:
2478:
2459:
2440:
2431:
2427:
2411:
2407:
2381:
2362:
2343:
2322:
2299:
2280:
2273:Bibliography
2258:. Retrieved
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2215:
2203:. Retrieved
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2155:
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2053:
2041:
2029:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1933:. Retrieved
1915:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1873:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1759:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1699:
1687:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1628:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1479:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1375:, p. 1.
1368:
1356:
1329:
1317:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1239:
1234:, p. 7.
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1096:, p. 1.
1089:
1077:
1032:
1016:
1004:Timothy Noad
1002:in 2002 (by
993:
981:
972:bullion coin
969:
952:Mary Gillick
904:
895:
868:
837:
823:
816:Thomas Brock
812:
800:
792:Joseph Boehm
777:
725:
704:
665:
641:
589:
567:
544:
539:
534:Kevin Clancy
515:
511:William Wyon
479:
444:
365:James I
362:
348:
344:
301:
293:denomination
264:
241:
225:
204:
202:
153:Elizabeth II
98:1817–present
89:troy oz
87:0.1176
29:
3459:(Charles I)
3451:Half laurel
3379:Half florin
3351:(c.630-675)
2974:Crown (5/–)
2927:Sixpence (6
2900:Twopence (2
2894:West Indies
2835:Halfpenny (
1118:Whittington
1082:Whittington
1044:Charles III
911:Edward VIII
890:July Crisis
707:Sydney Mint
490:five pounds
445:During the
390:half guinea
194:Design date
76:Composition
3568:Henry VIII
3522:Categories
3409:Half crown
3361:Gold penny
3322:Half crown
3297:Threepence
3151:(currency)
2811:Farthing (
2721:£sd system
2434:: 132–141.
2414:: 114–125.
2260:6 November
2255:Royal Mint
2225:Royal Mint
2195:Royal Mint
2165:Royal Mint
2148:Marsh 2017
2123:Royal Mint
2093:Royal Mint
2063:Royal Mint
2034:Marsh 2017
2010:Marsh 2017
1998:Marsh 2017
1962:Marsh 2017
1908:Marsh 1982
1883:Perth Mint
1630:Coin World
1599:Marsh 2017
1587:Marsh 1982
1563:Marsh 1982
1515:Marsh 2017
1472:Marsh 2017
1421:Marsh 2017
1409:Marsh 2017
1373:Marsh 1982
1334:Marsh 2017
1295:Marsh 2017
1232:Marsh 2017
1157:Marsh 2017
1142:Marsh 2017
1094:Marsh 2017
1069:References
1028:privy mark
1019:Jody Clark
842:'s reign (
807:Tower Hill
729:seignorage
720:mint marks
716:Perth Mint
635:William IV
518:Hanoverian
486:two pounds
463:Parliament
437:George III
259:See also:
236:sovereigns
228:Henry VIII
217:Royal Mint
103:Mint marks
63:19 mm
3433:Spur ryal
3427:Rose Ryal
3423:(James I)
3397:Sovereign
3276:1603–1707
3272:1485–1603
3268:1154–1485
3264:1066–1154
3149:Sterling
3104:Sovereign
3089:Britannia
2949:Australia
2342:(2017) .
1668:Churchill
991:reverse.
937:proof set
834:1902–1953
733:Gladstone
564:1820–1837
522:Brunswick
507:St George
465:, by the
435:The 1817
289:shillings
285:sovereign
266:Henry VII
209:gold coin
35:sovereign
3498:Farthing
3302:Sixpence
3292:Shilling
3282:Farthing
3142:See also
2870:1
2859:Penny (1
2568:: 67–86.
2363:The Mint
2332:59397927
2320:(1906).
2229:Archived
2199:Archived
2169:Archived
2127:Archived
2097:Archived
2067:Archived
1929:Archived
1887:Archived
1635:Archived
1024:a Garter
1012:Paul Day
585:sixpence
526:Lüneburg
461:(1815),
455:Napoleon
184:Designer
60:Diameter
3457:Carolus
3421:Jacobus
3349:Thrymsa
3260:to 1066
3082:Bullion
2885:
2849:
2837:
2825:
2813:
2801:
2789:
2772:
2760:
2743:
2731:
2669:
2657:
2235:20 June
1927:Trust.
1812:Linecar
1800:Stocker
1788:Stocker
1740:Linecar
1322:Linecar
572: (
457:at the
451:guineas
277:England
160:Reverse
134:Obverse
127:exergue
3483:(1663)
3481:Guinea
3477:(1656)
3471:(1656)
3465:(1642)
3453:(1619)
3447:(1619)
3445:Laurel
3441:(1604)
3435:(1604)
3429:(1604)
3417:(1544)
3411:(1526)
3405:(1526)
3399:(1489)
3393:(1465)
3387:(1344)
3381:(1344)
3375:(1344)
3373:Florin
3369:(1344)
3363:(1257)
3355:Mancus
3239:Silver
2752:Ceylon
2581:
2542:
2523:
2504:
2485:
2466:
2447:
2388:
2369:
2350:
2330:
2306:
2287:
2205:14 May
2175:14 May
2133:14 May
2103:16 May
2073:16 May
2046:Clancy
2022:Clancy
1974:Clancy
1950:Clancy
1935:14 May
1893:19 May
1866:Clancy
1641:19 May
1575:Clancy
1397:Clancy
1361:Clancy
1283:Clancy
1244:Clancy
1053:), by
655:Maundy
498:
475:guinea
408:Origin
297:angels
174:Design
148:Design
71:Milled
3475:Broad
3439:Unite
3391:Angel
3367:Noble
3317:Crown
3287:Groat
3256:Penny
3251:Styca
3246:Sceat
3119:Lunar
2781:Malta
2558:(PDF)
2424:(PDF)
2404:(PDF)
1851:Lobel
1836:Cross
1824:Lobel
1704:Lobel
1611:Lobel
1551:Craig
1539:Seaby
1527:Spink
1503:Lobel
1484:Lobel
1457:Seaby
1445:Spink
1385:Lobel
1310:Lobel
1271:Seaby
1259:Seaby
1217:Seaby
1205:Lobel
1193:Lobel
1181:Seaby
1169:Spink
1106:Seaby
931:) by
828:crown
530:Celle
505:, of
33:Half
3342:Gold
3068:£100
2579:ISBN
2540:ISBN
2521:ISBN
2502:ISBN
2483:ISBN
2464:ISBN
2445:ISBN
2386:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2348:ISBN
2328:OCLC
2304:ISBN
2285:ISBN
2262:2023
2237:2023
2207:2022
2177:2022
2135:2022
2105:2022
2075:2022
1986:Bull
1937:2023
1895:2023
1776:Bull
1764:Dyer
1752:Lant
1728:Lant
1716:Lant
1692:Dyer
1680:Dyer
1656:Dyer
1643:2023
1433:Bull
601:dies
528:and
496:on 3
488:and
203:The
84:Gold
68:Edge
48:Mass
3063:£50
3058:£20
3048:25p
2701:50p
2696:20p
2691:10p
3524::
3274:,
3270:,
3266:,
3262:,
3053:£5
3000:d.
2981:d.
2962:d.
2943:d.
2929:d.
2920:d.
2911:d.
2902:d.
2888:d.
2861:d.
2852:d.
2828:d.
2804:d.
2775:d.
2769:12
2746:d.
2740:16
2711:£2
2706:£1
2686:5p
2681:2p
2676:1p
2566:66
2564:.
2560:.
2432:43
2430:.
2426:.
2412:64
2410:.
2406:.
2253:.
2227:.
2223:.
2197:.
2193:.
2167:.
2163:.
2125:.
2121:.
2095:.
2091:.
2065:.
2061:.
1923:.
1881:.
1858:^
1843:^
1633:.
1627:.
1491:^
1464:^
1341:^
1302:^
1251:^
1224:^
1149:^
1049:r.
946:r.
927:r.
916:r.
876:r.
845:r.
739:,
649:r.
575:r.
552:r.
524:,
392:.
370:r.
356:r.
309:r.
271:r.
223:.
123:SA
121:,
117:,
113:,
109:,
53:gr
3278:)
3258:(
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2945:)
2931:)
2922:)
2913:)
2904:)
2896:)
2890:)
2882:2
2879:/
2876:1
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2863:)
2854:)
2846:2
2843:/
2840:1
2830:)
2822:4
2819:/
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2806:)
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2795:/
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2779:(
2777:)
2766:/
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2754:)
2750:(
2748:)
2737:/
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2671:p
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2663:/
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2587:.
2548:.
2529:.
2510:.
2491:.
2472:.
2453:.
2394:.
2375:.
2356:.
2334:.
2312:.
2293:.
2264:.
2239:.
2209:.
2179:.
2137:.
2107:.
2077:.
1939:.
1897:.
1645:.
1046:(
943:(
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913:(
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646:(
549:(
404:.
367:(
353:(
306:(
268:(
155:.
119:S
115:P
111:M
107:I
55:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
