17:
96:
264:
Poston PM, McHugh MA, Rossi NO, Patel SS, Rajput M, Turek JW (November 2015). "The case for using the correction index obtained from chest radiography for evaluation of pectus excavatum".
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can cause the sternum to invert, thus increasing the index. In severe asymmetric cases, where the sternum dips below the level of the vertebra, the index can be a negative value.
205:"How the Haller is measured. Departament of Cardiology and Pulmonology of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo – Thoracic Surgery Sector"
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Khanna G, Jaju A, Don S, Keys T, Hildebolt CF (November 2010). "Comparison of Haller index values calculated with chest radiographs versus CT for pectus excavatum evaluation".
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are just as effective as CT scans for calculating the Haller index and recommend replacing CT scans with CXR to reduce radiation exposure in all but gross deformities.
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Haller JA, Kramer SS, Lietman SA (October 1987). "Use of CT scans in selection of patients for pectus excavatum surgery: a preliminary report".
353:
62:
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Mueller C, Saint-Vil D, Bouchard S (January 2008). "Chest x-ray as a primary modality for preoperative imaging of pectus excavatum".
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is the distance of the inside ribcage (at the level of maximum deformity or at the lower third of the sternum)
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Dore M, Triana Junco P, De La Torre C, Vilanova-Sánchez A, Bret M, Gonzalez G, et al. (January 2018).
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32:, S. S. Kramer, and S. A. Lietman, is a mathematical relationship that exists in a human
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A normal Haller index should be about 2.5. Chest wall deformities such as
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of the transverse diameter (the horizontal distance of the inside of the
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48:) and the anteroposterior diameter (the shortest distance between the
91:{\displaystyle \ HI={\frac {\text{distance 1}}{\text{distance 2}}}}
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33:
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380:"Nuss Procedure for a Patient with Negative Haller Index"
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is the distance between the sternal notch and vertebrae.
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384:European Journal of Pediatric Surgery Reports
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403:
78:
64:
161:
354:"Haller Index. Pigeon Chest Problems"
124:More recent studies show that simple
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14:
313:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.09.023
278:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.06.017
20:A CT scan showing a 3.58 index
1:
183:10.1016/s0022-3468(87)80585-7
301:Journal of Pediatric Surgery
266:Journal of Pediatric Surgery
171:Journal of Pediatric Surgery
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235:10.1007/s00247-010-1681-z
36:section observed with a
40:. It is defined as the
396:10.1055/s-0038-1623537
356:. 2015. Archived from
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28:, created in 1987 by
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334:Swoveland B (2001).
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223:Pediatric Radiology
108:is the Haller Index
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145:Pectus carinatum
133:pectus excavatum
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336:"Haller ranges"
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390:(1): e18–e22.
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272:(11): 1940–4.
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229:(11): 1763–7.
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150:Nuss procedure
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30:J. Alex Haller
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177:(10): 904–6.
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362:. Retrieved
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126:chest x-rays
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26:Haller index
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307:(1): 71–3.
364:2016-10-19
118:distance 2
112:distance 1
84:distance 2
81:distance 1
434:Equations
50:vertebrae
428:Category
414:29473012
321:18206458
286:26235532
251:23984787
243:20473605
139:See also
405:5820059
191:3681619
156:Sources
101:where:
54:sternum
46:ribcage
38:CT scan
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247:S2CID
208:(PDF)
42:ratio
34:chest
410:PMID
317:PMID
282:PMID
239:PMID
187:PMID
52:and
24:The
400:PMC
392:doi
309:doi
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76:=
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70:H
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