509:
with an average diameter of 10 mm. Above comes a 0.2 m layer of fine-to-medium grained sand, containing both bivalves and caliche pebbles. The following 0.15 m thick section is similar to the basal horizon, although the component-supported pedogenic carbonate concretion are much smaller on average, usually with a diameter of only 1 mm. A trough-shaped fine-to-medium grained sand body, containing well-rounded quartz pebbles with a diameter of up to 35 mm, as well as marble pebbles. Above 0.2 m of green-grey silty clay occurs. This layer contains remains of gastropods and bivalves, flaser bedded finesand laminae, a low number of pedogenic carbonate concretions and very few quartz pebbles. One meter of thick greenish sandy clay to silkish fine sand overlay the 0.85 m thick sand layer.
5602:
5198:
1567:
6209:
6029:
121:
5941:
5242:
1528:
297:
5985:
3505:
269:
232:
2532:
1305:
1660:
1489:
6007:
1454:
1374:
6073:
6051:
2065:
6117:
4834:
2966:
1977:
1415:
6159:
2186:
1696:
6187:
3149:
1008:
530:
medium-sized river, with a width of roughly 50 m, a channel fill thickness of 4–5 m and a mean water depth of ≤ 4 m. Both channels are asymmetric in cross-section, with a more deeply incised outer bank and a shallower slip-off slope. Based on grain sizes, the flow velocity of both channels has been estimated as low to very low. However, the presence of an autochthonous freshwater mollusc fauna made up out of
4635:
4104:
5963:
5008:
3258:
1828:
1263:
617:, thought to have gone extinct in Central Europe during earlier in the Middle Miocene, which likely reemmigrated from the Iberian peninsula to Germany during this time. Species such as these suggest that Hammerschmiede, and contemporary sites, may represent the last European faunas with Middle Miocene character. In slightly younger deposits, for example those correlating to the
471:, with the marlstone representing the Bk-horizon, the mottled clay the Bt-horizon, and the lignite the A-horizon. Three horizontally continuous bodies of fine-sand are located between the upper and lower lignite horizons, with the lower one being 1.05 m thick, greenish-grey, showing no bedding structures, but containing iron-hydroxide stains. The middle sand horizon, made up of
250:
304:
276:
5568:
3216:
3974:
2024:
1045:
6095:
558:
suggest mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 974 ± 256 mm for HAM 1, 1008 ± 257 mm for HAM 2 and 1196 ± 263 mm for HAM 3, while a MAP of 858 ± 147 mm has been estimated for the calcic paleosol with an estimated age of 11.64 ma. Another study estimates mean warm month temperatures of
466:
carbonate concretions are abundant in the upper 20 cm. A 20 cm thick blackish lignite horizon occurs 1.5 m above this horizon, overlaying 70 cm of yellowish and brownish mottled dark-grey clay. The color of this lignite is platy, it is partly xylitic and can be horizontally replaced by
475:
rich grey-blue to greyish sand and containing iron-hydroxide stains, is 2.8 m thick at the southern part of the clay pit, and develops into an up to 4 m deep channel at its erosional base in the North. The upper sand horizon, consisting of grey silty fine-sand showing iron-hydroxide stains, is 1.4 m
550:
suggests well-oxygenated waters, with moderate flow. The presence of considerable amounts of water are furthermore supported by the abundance of fish and turtle fossils, as well as swamp plants. Pebbles of alpine origin are not present, but reworked marine plankton from the Upper Marine
Molasse is.
504:
HAM 4 is made up of the trough cross stratified sands of the middle sand horizons channel, and has been dated to 11.44 Ma. Well-developed small-scale cross bedding structures and trough cross stratification can be found in the deepest parts, while reworked pedogenic carbonate concretions, pieces of
483:
Directly below this, another, shjallower calcic paleosol is developed. Its A-horizon is formed by 7 cm thick blackish carbonatic peat clay, overlaying the Bt-horizon (5 cm thick grey clay) and Bk-horizon (8 cm thick whitish clay horizon with abundant powdery carbonate). The paleosols
508:
HAM 5 is the layer providing the most vertebrate fossils, and has been dated to 11.622–11.618 Ma. Its base is located at 681 m above sea level, and made up of 0.3 m grey, sandy marl containing the bivale
Margaritifera flabellata and very abundant component-supported pedogenic carbonate concretion,
476:
thick and is divided by a 20 cm thick pedogenic bed 0.70 m above its base. This bed, which includes small fossilised roots, consists of mottled clayey and sandy silts. Reworked pedogenic carbonates clay pebbles with a diameter of up to 3 cm occur 30 cm above the base of the horizon.
566:
All this suggests a seasonally dry climate, with swamps developing in the riparian regions during wetter periods. The high temperatures and comparatively low precipitations suggest a significant seasonal water stress, which is furthermore supported by the abundant pedogenic carbonate concretions,
759:
and barbourofelid. The latters shows more derived sabertooth features, suggesting it likely preyed on larger animals than the felid, which probably attacked medium-sized prey from trees. The coexistence of all these competing taxa can be explained by the existence of significant resources. Niche
529:
The environment of
Hammerschmiede was a seasonally dry floodplain of meandering rivers and streams flowing from south to north. HAM 5 represents a rivulet of local origin, with a width of four to five meters, a channel fill thickness of 0.8–1 meter and a mean water depth of ≤ 0.8 m. HAM 4 was a
479:
A 35 cm thick lignite horizon marks the top of the presently exposed sedimentary succession in the
Hammerschmiede outcrop. Its basal 25 cm are platy colored and rarely contain xylit, while the upper 10 cm are blackish carbonatic organic clay instead of lignite. It overlays about
714:
are only presented by 3 species (11%), but make up 21% of all individuals found. However, there is a marked difference between their abundance in HAM 4 (36%) and HAM 5 (4%). HAM 4 generally shows a lower diversity of large, scansorial and hypercarnivorous carnivorans in comparison with HAM 5,
487:
Furthermore, several truncated paleosols, which either completely or partly lack the A-horizon, occur especially between the two lower sand horizons. Those are characterized by up to 0.60 m thick grey green-yellowish mottled clayey marls, which contain matrix-supported pedogenic carbonate
480:
10 cm of carbonate-free, grey-greenish and rusty-yellowish mottled sandy and clayey slits. As a 40 cm thick rooted silt horizon, containing abundant powdery, whitish soft carbonate occurs below it, the topmost succession can be interpreted as an immature calcic paleosol.
382:
Hammerschmiede's first fossils were first discovered by the hobby archaeologist
Siegulf Guggenmos in 1965. The site became known in academic circles following publications on its rich fauna of micromammals in 1975. Since 2011, the excavations are led by a collaboration between the
655:
The carnivoran assemblage of
Hammerschmiede is the third richest known from Miocene Europe, with 28 different species. 13 sympatric small carnivorans are known from HAM 5 alone, a diversity comparable with the African tropics. The comparison with six other fossil assemblages
449:
The horizontally bedded layers are mostly grey-colored, carbonatic and fine-grained silts, fine sands and claystone. The sedimentary succession can be traced over 150 m in a northern direction, with seven marker beds being traceable across the whole distance. These are three
417:
region of
Bavaria, within the municipality of Pforzen, at a height above sea level of almost 700 m. It is located just west of the district Hammerschmiede, after which it is named, and lies between the stream Riedgraben to its south, and the river
639:
are also present. Indeed, the occurrence of this cricetid originally led researchers to the conclusion that
Hammerschmiede should be dated to MN9. Furthermore, Hammerschmiede shows both the first and last occurrences of a number of taxa, such as
6905:
7321:"Deinotherium levius and Tetralophodon longirostris (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany), and their biostratigraphic significance for the terrestrial faunas of the European Miocene"
374:. It is one of the most well-known Miocene sites, with over 15,000 individual fossils and 117 species having been discovered as of 2020. It has been called "the most important German paleontological discovery of the last decades".
774:
is absent from this locality, it has been suggested that it correlates to the transition period from Middle
Miocene faunas dominated by trilophodont gompothere taxa to the Late Miocene ones dominated by tetralophodont species.
6625:"A biochronologic tie-point for the base of the Tortonian stage in European terrestrial settings: Magnetostratigraphy of the topmost Upper Freshwater Molasse sediments of the North Alpine Foreland Basin in Bavaria (Germany)"
7648:
395:, with the help of local volunteers. Excavations were intensified in 2015, following the discovery of a variety of scientifically significant finds. Media attention increased following the description of
554:
The paleoclimate of the locality was subtropical and considerably warmer and drier than that of the region today, with annual average temperatures of perhaps over 20 °C. Estimates based on the
8390:"Taxonomy and Paleobiology of the Genus Chalicomys Kaup, 1832 (Rodentia, Castoridae), with the Description of a New Species from Abocador De Can Mata (Vallès-Penedès Basin, Catalonia, Spain)"
8246:
488:
concretions. Two less developed calcic-paleosols, which are completely lacking A-horizons but clay-rich Btk horizons, make up the basal 4 meters of the succession in the southern profile.
7622:
551:
Therefore, the catchment area of these rivers did not include alpine areas. Instead, they likely had their source in the
Faltenmolasse just a few kilometers south of Hammerschmiede.
7803:"Unexpected cranial sexual dimorphism in the tragulid Dorcatherium naui based on material from the middle to late Miocene localities of Eppelsheim and Hammerschmiede (Germany)"
623:
zone (11.5 to 11.4 Ma, Vienna Basin) many lineages of large middle Miocene mammals have already been replaced with new immigrants, such as Hipparionine horses which define the
422:
to its East. Furthermore, the locality Irsee, where fossil plant remains had already been discovered in the 1950s, is located 4.3 km to its southwest. The closest town is
1003:
First record from the Upper Freshwater Molasse. Inhabits muddy sand near riverbanks, with moderately strong currents, well-oxygenated water, but little submerged vegetation.
8272:"Disparate occurrences of a chalicotheriine and a schizotheriine chalicothere (Mammalia, Chalicotheriidae) at the Late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Germany)"
8345:
7656:
505:
wood and fossils of gastropods and vertebrates are found as channel lag. Its upper part shows well-preserved fossil roots, which can be traced to depths of 2.8 m.
8319:
6664:"Reappearance of Galerix (Erinaceomorpha, Mammalia) at the Middle to Late Miocene transition in South Germany: biostratigraphic and palaeoecologic implications"
6296:
6506:
7775:
194:
8444:"The beaver Steneofiber depereti from the lower Upper Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede and remarks on its ecology - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"
7909:"Revision of the boselaphin bovid Miotragocerus monacensis Stromer, 1928 (Mammalia, Bovidae) at the Middle to Late Miocene transition in Central Europe"
6906:"First record of an autochthonous community of fluviatile freshwater molluscs from the Middle/Late Miocene Upper Freshwater Molasse (southern Germany)"
976:
freshwater mussel, the most abundant bivalve of the Upper Freshwater Molasse, forming dense, monospecific communities in clean sand or gravel bottoms.
7995:"A review of Semigenetta (Viverridae, Carnivora) from the Miocene of Eurasia based on material from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Germany)"
401:
in 2019, its name honoring the discoverer of the site. Nicknamed "Udo", the discovery was described as the oldest known example of an upright ape in
501:
HAM 3, is an erosional channel rich in lignitic pebbles near the top of the sequence, of an unclear age, although proposed to be younger than HAM 1.
296:
405:, with some media even going so far as to call it proof that the cradle of humanity was located in Bavaria. The site is threatened by clay mining.
6968:
Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie A für Mineralogie und Petrographie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Anthropologie und Prähistorie
8241:
8656:
8488:"Microdyromys remmerti, sp. nov., a new Gliridae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Aragonian type area (Miocene, Calatayud-Montalbán basin, Spain)"
516:
HAM 6, which has been entirely mined down, but based on available information it is likely that it had a lens-like structure, was dominated by
7728:"A skull of a very large crane from the late Miocene of Southern Germany, with notes on the phylogenetic interrelationships of extant Gruinae"
6723:"Evolution of the genus Collimys DAXNER-HÖCK, 1972 (Rodentia, Cricetidae) - A key to Middle to Late Miocene biostratigraphy in Central Europe"
5601:
7679:"Nearly complete leg of an unusual, shelduck-sized anseriform bird from the earliest late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Germany)"
268:
731:
are known to have coexisted, despite the suggestion that the latter genus gradually replaced the former. Other likely competitors include
7482:"Freshwater fishes from the Pannonian of the Vienna Basin with special reference to the locality Sandberg near Götzendorf, Lower Austria"
8661:
8543:"The Genus Eomyops Engesser, 1979 (Rodentia, Eomyidae) from the youngest deposits of the German part of the North Alpine Foreland Basin"
1566:
6828:"The large-sized darter Anhinga pannonica (Aves, Anhingidae) from the late Miocene hominid Hammerschmiede locality in Southern Germany"
5197:
362:
epoch, providing an important window into the faunal changes taking place during this time. This correlates to the time just after the
7870:"New cranial material of Miotragocerus monacensis (Mammalia: Bovidae) from the late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Germany)"
7539:"Revision of the anguine lizard Pseudopus laurillardi (Squamata, Anguidae) from the Miocene of Europe, with comments on paleoecology"
446:, which includes Germany's youngest Molasse sediments. The 25.7 m thick section is best exposed at the southern end of the clay pit.
7251:"The exceptionally high diversity of small carnivorans from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)"
7249:
Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Valenciano, Alberto; Abella, Juan; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Lechner, Thomas; Böhme, Madelaine (2022-07-13).
7940:"New early late Miocene species of Vishnuonyx (Carnivora, Lutrinae) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede, Bavaria, Germany"
560:
520:
remains and situated slightly above HAM 4, just below the topmost coal layer. Therefore, its age has been calculated at 11.42 Ma.
567:
indications of forest fires and an as of yet unpublished stable isotope analysis, which showcases the enriched δ13C values of a
6480:
Nikolai Spassov, Jochen Fuss, Adrian Tröscher, Andrew S. Deane, Jérôme Prieto, Uwe Kirscher, Thomas Lechner, David R. Begun:
6208:
6028:
8651:
8388:
Casanovas-Vilar, Isaac; Alba, David M.; Almécija, Sergio; Robles, Josep M.; Galindo, Jordi; Moyà-Solà, Salvador (2008).
187:
8270:
Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Hartung, Josephina; Lechner, Thomas S.; Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Böhme, Madelaine (2024-06-01).
657:
7938:
Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Valenciano, Alberto; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Lechner, Thomas; Böhme, Madelaine (2021-05-04).
751:
8600:"The morphology, systematic position and inferred biology of Spirematospermum — An extinct genus of Zingiberales"
6293:
4258:
Most common carnivoran present. Scansorial omnivore leaning towards meat, with a dietary niche comparable to the
384:
6544:
8405:
8152:"Buronius manfredschmidi—A new small hominid from the early late Miocene of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)"
7601:
435:
144:
6623:
Kirscher, U.; Prieto, J.; Bachtadse, V.; Aziz, H. Abdul; Doppler, G.; Hagmaier, M.; Böhme, M. (2016-08-01).
5940:
5241:
388:
8598:
Fischer, Thilo C.; Butzmann, Rainer; Meller, Barbara; Rattei, Thomas; Newman, Mark; Hölscher, Dirk (2009).
688:, which are a regular presence, are only known from infrequent and fragmentary material at Hammerschmiede.
3740:
648:
120:
8097:"The systematic position of Anourosoricini (Soricidae, Mammalia): paleontological and molecular evidence"
6964:"Pannonian (Upper Miocene) Vegetational Character and Climatic Inferences in the Central Paratethys Area"
5995:
1107:
7602:"Neue Reptilienfunde aus dem Tertiär Deutschlands. 1. Schildkröten aus dem Jungtertiär Süddeutschlands"
6754:
6663:
5078:
1926:
1527:
8049:
7994:
6127:
710:
are the most diverse family, with 11 species, making up 39% of all Carnivora present at the locality.
8611:
8554:
8499:
8283:
8163:
8108:
8061:
8006:
7951:
7814:
7550:
7438:
7262:
7072:
7025:
6839:
6769:
5880:
5345:
4815:
4398:
3162:
1389:
1089:
665:
635:
546:
7190:
The carnivorans (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)
6245:"Eine Fundgrube für Paläontologen - Die Grabungen in der Hammerschmiede bei Pforzen, Lkr. Ostallgäu"
5984:
5853:
5802:
5412:
4723:
4563:
3504:
677:
7426:
7188:
6755:"Hyaenidae (Carnivora) from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)"
4906:
4696:
4232:
3967:
2889:
2818:
1956:
1871:
1801:
1304:
604:
572:
397:
343:
6921:
5615:
4408:
3935:
3626:
2357:
739:
8580:
8523:
8425:
8417:
8132:
8030:
7975:
7889:
7757:
7708:
7582:
7574:
7462:
7116:
6983:
6793:
6694:
5731:
4590:
4378:
4268:
4259:
3825:
3596:
3546:
991:
733:
721:
568:
7993:
Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Lechner, Thomas; Böhme, Madelaine (2021-12-01).
6753:
Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Lechner, Thomas; Böhme, Madelaine (2022-11-02).
6477:
5446:
5287:
4532:
3914:
3885:
1161:
680:) shows some marked differences between the carnivoran guild of those sites and Hammerschmiede.
673:
513:
are common here, although badly preserved because of partial leaching of their carbonate shells.
392:
8271:
7319:
Konidaris, George E.; Lechner, Thomas; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Böhme, Madelaine (2023-12-01).
5829:
5318:
4778:
3854:
1659:
1488:
954:
727:
8627:
8572:
8515:
8409:
8301:
8199:
8181:
8124:
8077:
8022:
7967:
7850:
7832:
7749:
7700:
7566:
7454:
7342:
7298:
7280:
7108:
7090:
7041:
6975:
6875:
6857:
6785:
6686:
6006:
5755:
5037:
3180:
2946:
2531:
1453:
1373:
462:, and is located in the basal part of the northern profile. Meanwhile, up to 10 mm thick
458:. The circa 0.45 m thick homogeneous silty-clayey marlstone contains a variety of terrestrial
8237:
8225:
6492:
5693:
5666:
2289:
at the locality. With a length of 70 cm the largest European turtle of its time. Likely
8619:
8562:
8507:
8401:
8291:
8189:
8171:
8116:
8069:
8014:
7959:
7920:
7881:
7840:
7822:
7739:
7690:
7558:
7446:
7332:
7288:
7270:
7098:
7080:
7033:
7029:
6917:
6865:
6847:
6777:
6730:
6678:
6639:
6486:
6072:
6050:
5001:
4436:
2886:
2064:
1970:
1028:
661:
8486:
García-Paredes, Israel; Peláez-Camponanes, Pablo; Álvarez-Sierra, M. Ángeles (2010-09-01).
3966:
Semiaquatic, piscivorous carnivoran of unclear taxonomic status, comparable in size to the
8250:
7481:
7427:"Re-examination of the upper Miocene freshwater fish fauna from Höwenegg (Hegau, Germany)"
6300:
6116:
5392:
5335:
5021:
4833:
4019:
3139:
3056:
2965:
2785:
2330:
1976:
1673:
1414:
685:
419:
6734:
4262:. Weight of 1.5–4 kg, individuals from Hammerschmiede closer towards the lower end.
8615:
8558:
8503:
8287:
8194:
8167:
8151:
8112:
8065:
8010:
7955:
7818:
7554:
7442:
7266:
7076:
6843:
6773:
6158:
8374:
Kleinsäuger-Biostratigraphie und Paläoökologie des höheren Mittelmiozäns (MN 8) Bayerns
7845:
7802:
7293:
7250:
7103:
7060:
6870:
6827:
6290:
Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie.
5188:
5123:
4930:
4614:
4470:
3034:
2865:
2853:
2628:
2185:
1710:
463:
1695:
8645:
8584:
8136:
8034:
7979:
7908:
7893:
7869:
7761:
7712:
7623:"Lottis Urahnen aus der Hammerschmiede: Im Allgäu lebten einst Alligatorschildkröten"
7586:
7059:
Quan, Cheng; Liu, Yu-Sheng (Christopher); Tang, Hui; Utescher, Torsten (2014-07-11).
7013:
6797:
6722:
6244:
5973:
5504:
5369:
5307:
5234:
5213:
4923:
A small hominoid, potentially capable of bipedalism, although that has been disputed
3946:
3789:
3614:
3564:
3494:
3474:
3447:
3229:
2159:
1899:
950:
770:
698:
693:
681:
629:
593:
536:
439:
72:
27:
8599:
8527:
8468:
8443:
8429:
7466:
6698:
6186:
3148:
1007:
8623:
6662:
Prieto, Jérôme; Ostende, Lars W. van den Hoek; Böhme, Madelaine; Braze, M. (2011).
6624:
6136:
6061:
5167:
5048:
4634:
4176:
4076:
3518:
3421:
3409:
3191:
3028:
3016:
2829:
2303:
2290:
2262:
2252:
1153:
Earliest record of the genus. Inhabits sandy and muddy substrate near river banks.
1040:
Inhabits sand in well-oxygenated waters, preferring strong currents and hard water
703:
363:
31:
8073:
8018:
7963:
7695:
7678:
7120:
6781:
4103:
669:
8511:
8176:
8120:
7827:
7275:
7061:"Miocene shift of European atmospheric circulation from trade wind to westerlies"
6852:
8469:"Biber und ein Zwerghamster aus Mataschen (Unter-Pannonium, Steirisches Becken)"
8150:
Böhme, M.; Begun, D. R.; Holmes, A. C.; Lechner, T.; Ferreira, G. (2024-06-07).
7939:
7924:
7885:
6039:
5962:
5642:
5476:
5191:
5007:
4210:
4164:
4040:
3800:
3536:
3391:
3270:
3257:
2998:
2979:
2384:
2293:
2038:
1827:
1637:
1262:
1174:
1136:
839:
756:
745:
716:
642:
624:
555:
517:
371:
134:
47:
8487:
8296:
8096:
7744:
7727:
7337:
7320:
7037:
4033:
A very large form (>100 kg). Similar fossils have been found in Spain.
2023:
1044:
8567:
8542:
7450:
6682:
6643:
6147:
6105:
5776:
5466:
5106:
5068:
4228:
4119:
4060:
3567:
3316:
3208:
3122:
2805:
2716:
2694:
2672:
2650:
2547:
1990:
1739:
1581:
1183:
825:
711:
707:
619:
599:
584:
459:
423:
348:
92:
57:
8631:
8576:
8519:
8413:
8305:
8185:
8128:
8081:
8026:
7971:
7836:
7753:
7704:
7570:
7458:
7346:
7284:
7094:
7045:
6979:
6861:
6789:
6690:
6286:
Eine unterpliozäne Kleinsäugerfauna aus der Oberen Süßwasser-Molasse Bayerns.
559:
24.7-27.9 °C, warm month precipitation of 79–172 mm and an average
209:
196:
8377:(Text.PhDThesis thesis) (in German). Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
5567:
4713:
4553:
4446:
3903:
3775:
3762:
3758:
3650:
3463:
3437:
3412:
3335:
3215:
3065:
3043:
2580:
2498:
1428:
984:
719:
species is much higher with four. Notably, it is the only locality in which
588:
540:
402:
367:
175:
171:
97:
41:
35:
8243:
Fossils suggest tree-dwelling apes walked upright long before hominids did.
8203:
7854:
7302:
7112:
6879:
3973:
414:
8320:"Raufbolde und Einhörner: Vor Millionen Jahren lebten im Allgäu Nashörner"
6482:
A new Miocene ape and locomotion in the ancestor of great apes and humans.
6083:
6017:
5929:
5720:
5581:
5560:
5095:
4983:
4878:
4808:
4647:
4549:
2918:
2898:
2849:
2735:
2524:
2394:
2377:
2320:
2286:
2078:
1021:
973:
696:, which are known from Sansan and La Grive, are completely absent, while
689:
583:
Hammerschmiede dates to the latest stages of MN7/8, overlapping with the
532:
510:
468:
467:
carbonatic peat clay. This succession may be viewed as a complete calcic
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
8421:
8389:
8372:
8050:"Primitive Anourosoricini and Allosoricinae from the Miocene of Germany"
7578:
7538:
6987:
6963:
7562:
6094:
5543:
5528:
5126:
4667:
4097:
4093:
3250:
2939:
2449:
2231:
1949:
1794:
1319:
1278:
832:
608:
451:
359:
338:
334:
330:
255:
237:
102:
77:
7085:
607:. Another taxon connecting Hammerschmiede to this Spanish locality is
6552:
6179:
5435:
3661:
3290:
3142:
1502:
1469:
896:
7868:
Hartung, Josephina; Lechner, Thomas; Böhme, Madelaine (2020-12-18).
5908:
5260:
5140:
4956:
4851:
4751:
4351:
4300:
3993:
3364:
3095:
2759:
2282:
Over a thousand remains, including eggs and a well-preserved skull.
2204:
2132:
1845:
1610:
1210:
1062:
923:
873:
798:
7402:"Vertebrate Database fosFARbase: Amphibia, Birds, Fishes, Reptilia"
6207:
6197:
6185:
6157:
6115:
6093:
6071:
6049:
6027:
6005:
5983:
5961:
5951:
5939:
5600:
5566:
5240:
5196:
5006:
4832:
4633:
4512:
4493:
4200:
4149:
4102:
3972:
3875:
3503:
3256:
3214:
3147:
2964:
2606:
2597:
2530:
2184:
2063:
2022:
1975:
1826:
1694:
1658:
1565:
1541:
1526:
1487:
1452:
1413:
1372:
1348:
1303:
1261:
1043:
1006:
803:
627:. However, more typical Late Miocene taxa such as the large bovid
329:(German: Tongrube Hammerschmiede) is a fossil bearing locality in
167:
7012:
Böhme, Madelaine; Ilg, August; Winklhofer, Michael (2008-11-15).
4162:
Very large form (>100 kg). Potentially either belongs to
3817:
Oldest occurrence of the genus, slightly larger than a wolverine
7649:"Der größte Saurier aus der Hammerschmiede: Die Panzerschleiche"
7401:
4827:
4798:
3497:
3307:
3033:
Very large crane, with a skull similar in size and shape to the
1817:
1768:
1237:
472:
455:
355:
4288:
Very small (<1 kg), scansorial, insectivorous viverrid
2527:, with a length of up to two meters the largest lizard present
1300:
Medium-sized catfish, the oldest member of the genus in Europe
755:. Larger species with overlapping ecological roles include the
7726:
Mayr, Gerald; Lechner, Thomas; Böhme, Madelaine (2020-10-01).
7677:
Mayr, Gerald; Lechner, Thomas; Böhme, Madelaine (2022-03-07).
6826:
Mayr, Gerald; Lechner, Thomas; Böhme, Madelaine (2020-05-06).
4896:
4326:
2017:
351:
7907:
Fuss, Jochen; Prieto, Jérôme; Böhme, Madelaine (2015-06-01).
6910:
Archiv für Molluskenkunde International Journal of Malacology
358:
the site dates to the transition between the Middle and Late
8346:"So ähnlich sah das größte Landsäugetier aus dem Allgäu aus"
7913:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
7874:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
6727:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
495:
HAM 1, of an unclear age, but likely correlating with HAM 5.
7537:
Klembara, Jozef; Böhme, Madelaine; Rummel, Michael (2010).
6545:"Hammerschmiede - Das Ost-Allgäu vor 11.5 Millionen Jahren"
4141:
Not mentioned in the review of Hammerschmiede carnivorans
413:
The Hammerschmiede clay pit is located within the eastern
8406:
10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[851:TAPOTG]2.0.CO;2
4435:
A member of the obscure, highly specialized shrew tribe
760:
partitioning is also seen among the proboscideans, with
7776:"Udos Kollege: Das Schwein mit dem Zungenbrecher-Namen"
3246:
Partial skull, postcranial material, teeth, horn cores
1037:
Two contiguous and a great number of individual valves
491:
The locality is divided into six stratigraphic layers.
484:
rooting system reaches 50 cm below the A-horizon.
5035:
A schizotheriine chalicothere closely affiliated with
4920:
Partial skeleton, and a variety of additional remains
5230:
Partial skeleton of an adult, remains of a juvenile
4688:
A galercine, last known Central European occurrence
603:
sp., which link it with the slightly older locality
571:
under very strong water stress. The large number of
7801:Hartung, Josephina; Böhme, Madelaine (2022-05-18).
7609:
Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift für Niederbayern
6473:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6347:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6329:
3500:, opportunistic feeder weighing around 100 kg
1195:Terrestrial snail, possibly belonging to the genus
243:
225:
186:
181:
163:
158:
150:
140:
130:
21:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6311:
6309:
5385:A flying squirrel, synonymous with M. albanensis
4231:, hypercarnivore with a similar dietary niche as
1114:Generalist inhabiting limnic and fluval waters.
684:, extremely common at the other localities, and
6904:Schneider, Simon; Prieto, Jerome (2011-06-01).
2821:. First fossil record of the family in Europe.
303:
275:
8230:Reply to: Reevaluating bipedalism in Danuvius.
8048:Prieto, Jérôme; van Dam, Jan A. (2012-11-01).
3590:Small (1–3 kg), hypocarnivorous mephitid
5526:A semiaquatic castorid, with similarities to
575:species suggests that the site was forested.
8:
7193:(Dissertation thesis). Universität Tübingen.
7014:"Late Miocene "washhouse" climate in Europe"
6721:Prieto, Jerome; Rummel, Michael (May 2009).
3613:Badger-like mephitid, slightly smaller than
3253:. Youngest known fossils from this species.
2181:The youngest fossils referred to this taxon
7600:Schleich, Hans Hermann (20 December 1984).
6507:"Die Wiege der Menschheit liegt in Pforzen"
5184:Remains of several juveniles and one adult
2885:Tiny anatid even smaller than the smallest
1104:Four shells of sub-adult individuals and a
434:The Hammerschmiede locality is part of the
1173:Terrestrial snail belonging to the family
119:
18:
8566:
8295:
8193:
8175:
7844:
7826:
7743:
7694:
7336:
7292:
7274:
7102:
7084:
6869:
6851:
5032:A patella, and possibly a skull fragment
1890:Occasionally spelled "Batrachosauroidae"
706:are not known from the other localities.
6139:and inhabited water-associated habitats
2422:
7396:
7394:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7386:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7376:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6922:10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/140/001-018
6228:
8265:
8263:
7532:
7530:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7374:
7372:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7360:
7358:
7356:
7314:
7312:
7244:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7236:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7222:
7220:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7176:
7174:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7160:
7158:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7150:
6949:
6947:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6937:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6280:
6278:
454:horizons, three sand horizons and one
8604:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
7672:
7670:
7668:
7666:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7514:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7218:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7200:
7148:
7146:
7144:
7142:
7140:
7138:
7136:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7007:
7005:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6821:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6807:
6748:
6746:
6744:
6716:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6258:
5496:A medium sized, semiaquatic castorid
2882:Three wing and pectoral girdle bones
591:boundary. Notable is the presence of
341:most well known for the discovery of
7:
8473:Joannea – Geologie und Paläontologie
8467:Daxner-Höck, Gudrun (January 2004).
8218:Reevaluating bipedalism in Danuvius.
7187:Kargopoulos, Nikolaos (2022-08-16).
6580:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6562:
6539:
6537:
6535:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6527:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6232:
3535:Piscivore, slightly larger than the
7018:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
6243:Lechner, Thomas; Böhme, Madelaine.
3765:, potentially belongs to the Genus
855:Uncertain or tentative taxa are in
8492:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
8394:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
8101:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
7944:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3211:with pronounced sexual dimorphism
14:
5631:A glirid rodent, synonymous with
4054:Potentially a connection between
3786:left hemimandible and left femur
3435:Rather large possibly belongs to
2931:Undetermined medium-sized anatid
2911:Undetermined medium-sized anatid
2016:Fossil salamander related to the
815:Taxon falsely reported as present
347:, the potentially earliest known
311:Hammerschmiede clay pit (Bavaria)
283:Hammerschmiede clay pit (Germany)
6735:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0252-0237
5205:, Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz
3714:Rather large (3 kg) marten
579:Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology
302:
295:
274:
267:
248:
230:
8541:Prieto, Jérôme (January 2012).
7489:Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg
6284:Helmut Mayr, Volker Fahlbusch:
5772:Great number of isolated teeth
5716:great number of isolated teeth
820:Dubious taxon or junior synonym
8624:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2009.06.010
8547:Swiss Journal of Palaeontology
8095:van Dam, Jan A. (2010-07-14).
7431:Swiss Journal of Palaeontology
7325:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
1:
8657:Miocene paleontological sites
8371:Prieto, Jérome (2007-12-20).
8238:doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2737-3
8226:doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2736-4
8074:10.1016/j.geobios.2012.03.001
8019:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.07.001
7964:10.1080/02724634.2021.1948858
7696:10.1080/08912963.2022.2045285
6782:10.1080/08912963.2021.2010193
6493:doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1731-0
5098:rhinoceros with a small horn
1919:Batrachosauroidid salamander
354:. With an age of 11.66-11.42
8512:10.1080/02724634.2010.501453
8177:10.1371/journal.pone.0301002
8121:10.1080/02724634.2010.483553
7828:10.1371/journal.pone.0267951
7655:. 1 May 2021. Archived from
7276:10.1371/journal.pone.0268968
6962:Kovar-Eder, Johanna (1984).
6853:10.1371/journal.pone.0232179
6491:Band 575, 2019, S. 489–493,
4064:. Large, similar in size to
3027:Dorsal portions of beak and
2958:Various postcranial remains
6632:Newsletters on Stratigraphy
1150:two almost complete shells
782:
440:North Alpine foreland Basin
8678:
8662:Paleoanthropological sites
8297:10.1007/s12542-024-00685-x
8236:Band 586, 2020, S. E4–E5,
8228:. Madelaine Böhme et al.:
8224:Band 586, 2020, S. E1–E3,
8216:Scott A. Williams et al.:
7745:10.1007/s10336-020-01799-0
7338:10.1007/s10914-023-09683-3
7038:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.011
6292:Band 15, 1975, S. 91–111,
3814:right hemimandible, teeth
3176:Perfectly preserved skull
2521:A great number of scales.
2191:Lazarussuchus inexpectatus
1419:Paleoleuciscus oeningensis
764:being a mixed feeder, and
636:Microtocricetus molassicus
16:Quarry in Pforzen, Germany
8568:10.1007/s13358-011-0033-4
7480:Böhme, Madelaine (2002).
7451:10.1007/s13358-015-0073-2
6683:10.1163/18759866-08003002
5781:
5753:
4236:
4208:
3843:left hemimandible, teeth
3658:
3571:
3544:
3461:Considerably larger than
2852:comparable in size to an
2476:
2474:
2447:
2102:
2099:
2076:
1116:
1113:
1087:
789:
785:
498:HAM 2, of an unclear age.
261:
118:
26:
6671:Contributions to Zoology
6505:Sessler, Stefan (2019).
3979:Potamotherium miocenicum
3649:Small, hypercarnivorous
787:
746:Semigenetta sansaniensis
436:Upper Freshwater Molasse
430:Geology and Stratigraphy
145:Upper Freshwater Molasse
7925:10.1127/njgpa/2015/0481
7886:10.1127/njgpa/2020/0948
7543:Journal of Paleontology
7030:2008E&PSL.275..393B
4227:Large (ca. 10 kg)
4199:Wolf-like ictitheriine
3874:Small (<10 kg)
3262:Miotragocerus pannoniae
2189:Life reconstruction of
2027:Life reconstruction of
1699:Life reconstruction of
715:although the number of
563:Aridity Index of 25.4.
327:Hammerschmiede clay pit
22:Hammerschmiede Clay Pit
7732:Journal of Ornithology
7425:Gaudant, Jean (2015).
6729:. 252/2 (2): 237–247.
6249:Bayerische Archäologie
6212:
6190:
6162:
6120:
6098:
6076:
6054:
6032:
6010:
5988:
5966:
5944:
5608:
5574:
5249:
5206:
5203:Deinotherium giganteum
5015:
4840:
4641:
4168:or an early crocutoid
4111:
3982:
3906:(10–15 kg) otter
3563:Tiny (<1 kg),
3512:
3264:
3222:
3155:
3055:About the size of the
2973:
2817:About the size of the
2540:
2193:
2071:
2031:
1983:
1834:
1703:
1666:
1575:
1534:
1495:
1462:
1421:
1382:
1312:
1271:
1051:
1014:
863:taxa are discredited.
385:University of Tübingen
8257:vom 6. November 2019.
7406:www.wahre-staerke.com
6644:10.1127/nos/2016/0288
6211:
6189:
6161:
6135:Belongs to the order
6119:
6097:
6075:
6053:
6031:
6009:
5987:
5965:
5943:
5604:
5570:
5244:
5200:
5010:
4836:
4637:
4106:
4030:right distal humerus
3976:
3846:Semiaquatic mustelid
3792:, weighing 5 kg
3734:Small, <1 kg
3510:Kretzoiarctos beatrix
3508:Fossil lower jaws of
3507:
3260:
3218:
3151:
2968:
2534:
2188:
2069:Chelotriton paradoxus
2067:
2026:
1979:
1830:
1701:Palaeobatrachus gigas
1698:
1662:
1569:
1530:
1491:
1456:
1417:
1376:
1307:
1265:
1047:
1010:
752:"Martes" sansaniensis
620:Mytilopsis ornitopsis
594:Kretzoiarctos beatrix
210:47.92722°N 10.59111°E
125:Image of the clay pit
5245:Life restoration of
5201:Life restoration of
5011:Life restoration of
4892:Teeth and a patella
4838:Prolagus oeningensis
3977:Life restoration of
3163:Parachleuastochoerus
3153:Listriodon splendens
2846:Nearly complete leg
2285:Most commonly found
666:La Grive-Saint Alban
442:. It is part of the
8652:Quarries in Germany
8616:2009RPaPa.157..391F
8559:2012SwJP..131...95P
8504:2010JVPal..30.1594G
8288:2024PalZ...98..313K
8168:2024PLoSO..1901002B
8113:2010JVPal..30.1221V
8066:2012Geobi..45..581P
8011:2021Geobi..69...25K
7956:2021JVPal..41E8858K
7819:2022PLoSO..1767951H
7659:on 1 November 2022.
7555:2010JPal...84..159K
7443:2015SwJP..134..117G
7267:2022PLoSO..1768968K
7077:2014NatSR...4E5660Q
6844:2020PLoSO..1532179M
6774:2022HBio...34.2249K
6555:on 1 November 2022.
5910:
5262:
5142:
4958:
4853:
4753:
4570:G. quinquecuspidata
4353:
4302:
4051:right upper canine
3995:
3968:smooth-coated otter
3684:right hemimandible
3366:
3249:Large, boselaphine
3097:
2961:Large sized darter
2819:Collared Kingfisher
2798:One or two species
2761:
2424:
2206:
2134:
1981:Andrias scheuchzeri
1872:Batrachosauroididae
1847:
1612:
1459:Leuciscus leuciscus
1310:Silurus lithophilus
1212:
1064:
1000:fragmentary valves
925:
875:
426:to its south-east.
398:Danuvius guggenmosi
344:Danuvius guggenmosi
314:Show map of Bavaria
286:Show map of Germany
206: /
28:Stratigraphic range
8249:2022-11-11 at the
7782:. 19 December 2020
7683:Historical Biology
7563:10.1666/09-033R1.1
7065:Scientific Reports
6762:Historical Biology
6299:2021-06-29 at the
6213:
6191:
6177:Junior synonym of
6163:
6121:
6099:
6077:
6055:
6033:
6011:
5989:
5967:
5945:
5909:
5896:A cricetid rodent
5872:A cricetid rodent
5845:A cricetid rodent
5821:A cricetid rodent
5796:A cricetid rodent
5609:
5606:Glirulus japonicus
5575:
5361:A flying squirrel
5261:
5250:
5207:
5141:
5016:
5000:A chalicotheriine
4957:
4852:
4841:
4752:
4642:
4432:Maxilla and teeth
4352:
4301:
4260:small Indian civet
4112:
3994:
3983:
3513:
3408:Small, scansorial
3365:
3265:
3223:
3156:
3096:
2974:
2760:
2541:
2423:
2205:
2194:
2133:
2072:
2032:
1984:
1846:
1835:
1704:
1667:
1611:
1576:
1535:
1496:
1463:
1422:
1383:
1313:
1272:
1211:
1063:
1052:
1015:
1012:Sphaerium rivicola
924:
874:
810:Reclassified taxon
389:Senckenberg Museum
370:boundary, and the
215:47.92722; 10.59111
7086:10.1038/srep05660
6768:(11): 2249–2258.
6217:
6216:
5902:
5901:
5747:An eomyid rodent
5572:Eliomys quercinus
5254:
5253:
5134:
5133:
5094:A one-ton heavy,
5079:Hoploaceratherium
5038:Metaschizotherium
4997:Teeth and digits
4950:
4949:
4885:B. manfredschmidi
4845:
4844:
4745:
4744:
4345:
4344:
4294:
4293:
4083:P. quadridentatus
3987:
3986:
3691:"M". sansaniensis
3353:
3352:
3169:P. steinheimensis
3084:
3083:
3066:Phalacrocoracidae
2971:Anhinga pannonica
2875:
2869:
2753:
2752:
2416:
2415:
2198:
2197:
2121:
2120:
2108:T. aff. montadoni
1927:Scapherpetontidae
1839:
1838:
1599:
1598:
1572:Perca fluviatilis
1204:
1203:
1130:Over 70 opercula
1056:
1055:
912:
911:
867:
866:
858:
846:
845:
842:
835:
828:
821:
816:
811:
806:
633:and the cricetid
323:
322:
40:11.66-11.42
8669:
8636:
8635:
8610:(3–4): 391–426.
8595:
8589:
8588:
8570:
8538:
8532:
8531:
8498:(5): 1594–1609.
8483:
8477:
8476:
8464:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8454:
8440:
8434:
8433:
8385:
8379:
8378:
8368:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8357:
8350:Allgäuer Zeitung
8342:
8336:
8335:
8333:
8331:
8324:Allgäuer Zeitung
8316:
8310:
8309:
8299:
8267:
8258:
8214:
8208:
8207:
8197:
8179:
8147:
8141:
8140:
8107:(4): 1221–1228.
8092:
8086:
8085:
8045:
8039:
8038:
7990:
7984:
7983:
7935:
7929:
7928:
7904:
7898:
7897:
7865:
7859:
7858:
7848:
7830:
7798:
7792:
7791:
7789:
7787:
7780:Allgäuer Zeitung
7772:
7766:
7765:
7747:
7723:
7717:
7716:
7698:
7674:
7661:
7660:
7653:Allgäuer Zeitung
7645:
7639:
7638:
7636:
7634:
7629:. 28 August 2022
7627:Allgäuer Zeitung
7619:
7613:
7612:
7606:
7597:
7591:
7590:
7534:
7497:
7496:
7486:
7477:
7471:
7470:
7422:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7398:
7351:
7350:
7340:
7316:
7307:
7306:
7296:
7278:
7246:
7195:
7194:
7184:
7125:
7124:
7106:
7088:
7056:
7050:
7049:
7009:
6992:
6991:
6959:
6926:
6925:
6901:
6884:
6883:
6873:
6855:
6823:
6802:
6801:
6759:
6750:
6739:
6738:
6718:
6703:
6702:
6668:
6659:
6648:
6647:
6629:
6620:
6557:
6556:
6551:. Archived from
6549:uni-tuebingen.de
6541:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6502:
6496:
6475:
6304:
6282:
6253:
6252:
6240:
6128:Spirematospermum
5911:
5685:A glirid rodent
5658:A glirid rodent
5597:A glirid rodent
5263:
5220:T.. longirostris
5143:
4959:
4854:
4754:
4354:
4332:various species
4303:
4255:various remains
3996:
3938:, hypocarnivore
3934:House cat sized
3899:mandible, teeth
3646:mandible, teeth
3610:mandible, teeth
3405:teeth, mandible
3398:A. goeriachensis
3367:
3181:tetraconodontine
3098:
3078:Small cormorant
2873:
2862:
2762:
2537:Pseudopus apodus
2425:
2253:softshell turtle
2248:Plate fragments
2207:
2135:
2029:Mioproteus wezei
1971:Giant salamander
1848:
1613:
1570:European perch (
1213:
1065:
1049:Pisidium amnicum
926:
876:
856:
838:
831:
824:
819:
814:
809:
802:
799:
783:
678:Can Llobateres 1
652:, respectively.
525:Paleoenvironment
315:
306:
305:
299:
287:
278:
277:
271:
254:
252:
251:
236:
234:
233:
221:
220:
218:
217:
216:
211:
207:
204:
203:
202:
199:
123:
114:
44:
19:
8677:
8676:
8672:
8671:
8670:
8668:
8667:
8666:
8642:
8641:
8640:
8639:
8597:
8596:
8592:
8540:
8539:
8535:
8485:
8484:
8480:
8466:
8465:
8461:
8452:
8450:
8442:
8441:
8437:
8387:
8386:
8382:
8370:
8369:
8365:
8355:
8353:
8344:
8343:
8339:
8329:
8327:
8326:. 18 April 2021
8318:
8317:
8313:
8269:
8268:
8261:
8255:sciencenews.org
8251:Wayback Machine
8215:
8211:
8162:(6): e0301002.
8149:
8148:
8144:
8094:
8093:
8089:
8047:
8046:
8042:
7992:
7991:
7987:
7950:(3): e1948858.
7937:
7936:
7932:
7906:
7905:
7901:
7867:
7866:
7862:
7813:(5): e0267951.
7800:
7799:
7795:
7785:
7783:
7774:
7773:
7769:
7725:
7724:
7720:
7676:
7675:
7664:
7647:
7646:
7642:
7632:
7630:
7621:
7620:
7616:
7604:
7599:
7598:
7594:
7536:
7535:
7500:
7484:
7479:
7478:
7474:
7424:
7423:
7419:
7410:
7408:
7400:
7399:
7354:
7318:
7317:
7310:
7261:(7): e0268968.
7248:
7247:
7198:
7186:
7185:
7128:
7058:
7057:
7053:
7011:
7010:
6995:
6961:
6960:
6929:
6903:
6902:
6887:
6838:(5): e0232179.
6825:
6824:
6805:
6757:
6752:
6751:
6742:
6720:
6719:
6706:
6666:
6661:
6660:
6651:
6627:
6622:
6621:
6560:
6543:
6542:
6525:
6515:
6513:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6478:Madelaine Böhme
6476:
6307:
6301:Wayback Machine
6283:
6256:
6242:
6241:
6230:
6225:
6219:
5907:
5881:Microtocricetus
5793:Isolated teeth
5700:E. catalaunicus
5336:flying squirrel
5259:
5139:
5085:H. belvederense
5022:Schizotheriinae
5013:Anisodon grande
4955:
4850:
4750:
4350:
4299:
4242:S. sansaniensis
4128:L. vallesiensis
4020:Barbourofelidae
3992:
3963:isolated teeth
3700:M. sansaniensis
3577:P. sansaniensis
3565:hypocarnivorous
3464:Amphicyon major
3458:isolated teeth
3363:
3358:
3094:
3089:
3057:Eurasian Magpie
2786:Accipitriformes
2758:
2421:
2410:A swamp turtle
2203:
2131:
2126:
1844:
1832:Bufotes viridis
1815:Referred to as
1674:Palaeobatrachus
1609:
1604:
1493:Barbus plebejus
1390:Palaeoleuciscus
1266:Northern Pike (
1209:
1197:Pseudochloritis
1061:
922:
917:
872:
854:
797:
781:
581:
527:
432:
411:
393:Madelaine Böhme
380:
319:
318:
317:
316:
313:
312:
309:
308:
307:
290:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
279:
249:
247:
231:
229:
214:
212:
208:
205:
200:
197:
195:
193:
192:
126:
113:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
39:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8675:
8673:
8665:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8644:
8643:
8638:
8637:
8590:
8533:
8478:
8459:
8435:
8400:(3): 851–862.
8380:
8363:
8352:. 18 July 2020
8337:
8311:
8282:(2): 313–329.
8259:
8209:
8142:
8087:
8060:(6): 581–589.
8040:
7985:
7930:
7919:(3): 229–265.
7899:
7880:(3): 269–284.
7860:
7793:
7767:
7738:(4): 923–933.
7718:
7689:(4): 465–474.
7662:
7640:
7614:
7592:
7549:(2): 159–196.
7498:
7472:
7437:(1): 117–127.
7417:
7352:
7331:(4): 923–961.
7308:
7196:
7126:
7051:
7024:(3): 393–401.
6993:
6927:
6885:
6803:
6740:
6704:
6649:
6638:(3): 445–467.
6558:
6523:
6497:
6305:
6294:Volltext (PDF)
6254:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6193:
6192:
6183:
6175:
6173:
6165:
6164:
6155:
6153:
6151:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6133:
6131:
6123:
6122:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6101:
6100:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6079:
6078:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6057:
6056:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6035:
6034:
6025:
6023:
6021:
6013:
6012:
6003:
6001:
5999:
5991:
5990:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5969:
5968:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5947:
5946:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5884:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5862:
5857:
5854:Megacricetodon
5849:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5833:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5811:
5806:
5803:Democricetodon
5798:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5773:
5770:
5764:
5759:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5735:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5717:
5714:
5702:
5697:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5675:
5670:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5646:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:M. miocaenicus
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:M. complicatus
5619:
5611:
5610:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5585:
5577:
5576:
5564:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5547:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5532:Also known as
5524:
5522:
5513:
5508:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5485:
5480:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5465:A semiaquatic
5463:
5461:
5455:
5450:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5432:
5430:
5421:
5416:
5413:Spermophilinus
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5373:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5349:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5322:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5304:
5302:
5296:
5291:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5238:
5231:
5228:
5222:
5217:
5209:
5208:
5194:
5185:
5182:
5176:
5171:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5122:A folivorous,
5120:
5118:
5115:
5110:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5082:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5065:
5063:
5057:
5052:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5018:
5017:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4987:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4954:
4953:Perissodactyla
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:Pliopithecidae
4927:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4910:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4882:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4830:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4816:P. oeningensis
4812:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4782:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4727:
4724:Metacordylodon
4719:
4718:
4716:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4700:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4671:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4644:
4643:
4639:Talpa europaea
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4618:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4594:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4572:
4567:
4564:Gehardstorchia
4559:
4558:
4556:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4536:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4474:
4471:Paenelimnoecus
4466:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4450:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:Anourosoricini
4433:
4430:
4421:
4412:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4387:
4382:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4277:
4272:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4253:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4214:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4185:
4180:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4138:
4136:
4131:
4124:
4114:
4113:
4100:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4080:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3970:
3964:
3961:
3955:
3950:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3932:
3929:
3923:
3918:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3902:Rather large,
3900:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3863:
3858:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3829:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3804:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3744:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3681:
3673:
3666:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3635:
3630:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3600:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3515:
3514:
3501:
3492:
3489:
3483:
3478:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3254:
3247:
3244:
3238:
3233:
3225:
3224:
3212:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3157:
3145:
3140:listriodontine
3136:
3134:
3131:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:Siberian crane
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2995:
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2990:
2988:
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2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2870:
2866:Mioquerquedula
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:Egyptian goose
2847:
2844:
2838:
2833:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2802:
2801:
2799:
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2664:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2629:Amphisbaenidae
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:Anguid lizard
2570:
2568:
2556:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2507:
2502:
2494:
2493:
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2414:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2380:of a juvenile
2375:
2366:
2361:
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2334:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2291:molluscivorous
2283:
2280:
2271:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2118:
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2110:
2104:
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2101:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1960:
1957:A. scheuchzeri
1953:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1903:
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1858:
1855:
1852:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1824:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1802:B. cf. viridis
1798:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
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1437:
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1424:
1423:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1398:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1377:Extant tench (
1370:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1352:
1344:
1343:
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1339:
1337:
1328:
1323:
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1199:
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1189:
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1165:
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1125:
1118:
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868:
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844:
843:
836:
829:
822:
817:
812:
807:
791:
790:
788:
786:
780:
777:
768:a browser. As
686:barbourofelids
580:
577:
526:
523:
522:
521:
514:
506:
502:
499:
496:
431:
428:
410:
407:
379:
376:
321:
320:
310:
301:
300:
294:
293:
292:
291:
282:
273:
272:
266:
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264:
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240:
227:
223:
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190:
184:
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165:
161:
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148:
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142:
138:
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132:
128:
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116:
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108:
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101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8674:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
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8650:
8649:
8647:
8633:
8629:
8625:
8621:
8617:
8613:
8609:
8605:
8601:
8594:
8591:
8586:
8582:
8578:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8560:
8556:
8553:(1): 95–106.
8552:
8548:
8544:
8537:
8534:
8529:
8525:
8521:
8517:
8513:
8509:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8493:
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8479:
8474:
8470:
8463:
8460:
8449:
8445:
8439:
8436:
8431:
8427:
8423:
8419:
8415:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8399:
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8384:
8381:
8376:
8375:
8367:
8364:
8351:
8347:
8341:
8338:
8325:
8321:
8315:
8312:
8307:
8303:
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8273:
8266:
8264:
8260:
8256:
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8223:
8219:
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8210:
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8173:
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8118:
8114:
8110:
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8036:
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8028:
8024:
8020:
8016:
8012:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7989:
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7973:
7969:
7965:
7961:
7957:
7953:
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7926:
7922:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7903:
7900:
7895:
7891:
7887:
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7875:
7871:
7864:
7861:
7856:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7838:
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7829:
7824:
7820:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7797:
7794:
7781:
7777:
7771:
7768:
7763:
7759:
7755:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7722:
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7714:
7710:
7706:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7673:
7671:
7669:
7667:
7663:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7644:
7641:
7628:
7624:
7618:
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7610:
7603:
7596:
7593:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7564:
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7515:
7513:
7511:
7509:
7507:
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7503:
7499:
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7476:
7473:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7421:
7418:
7407:
7403:
7397:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7373:
7371:
7369:
7367:
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7363:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7353:
7348:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7330:
7326:
7322:
7315:
7313:
7309:
7304:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7286:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7239:
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7231:
7229:
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7225:
7223:
7221:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7211:
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7183:
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7171:
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7167:
7165:
7163:
7161:
7159:
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7149:
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7145:
7143:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7127:
7122:
7118:
7114:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7096:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7078:
7074:
7070:
7066:
7062:
7055:
7052:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7008:
7006:
7004:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6989:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6958:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6936:
6934:
6932:
6928:
6923:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6900:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6886:
6881:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6822:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6814:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6804:
6799:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6779:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6717:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6709:
6705:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6665:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6626:
6619:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6559:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6540:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6512:
6508:
6501:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6488:
6483:
6479:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6250:
6246:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6229:
6222:
6220:
6210:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6195:
6194:
6188:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6167:
6166:
6160:
6156:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6138:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6118:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6103:
6102:
6096:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6081:
6080:
6074:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6058:
6052:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6037:
6036:
6030:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6015:
6014:
6008:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5986:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5974:Ceratophyllum
5971:
5970:
5964:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5949:
5948:
5942:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5904:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5887:M. molassicus
5885:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5649:M. hispanicus
5647:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5588:G. conjunctus
5586:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5530:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5505:Trogontherium
5502:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:Petauristinae
5391:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5376:M. crusafonti
5374:
5372:
5371:
5370:Miopetaurista
5367:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5352:B. miocaenica
5350:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5256:
5248:
5247:Tetralophodon
5243:
5239:
5237:proboscidean
5236:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5214:Tetralophodon
5211:
5210:
5204:
5199:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:deinotheriine
5186:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5136:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:anchitheriine
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4952:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4913:D. guggenmosi
4911:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4847:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4785:E. fontannesi
4783:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4747:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4730:M. schlosseri
4728:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4697:Plesiodimylus
4694:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4399:plesiosoricid
4396:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4386:
4385:P. schaffneri
4383:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3989:
3980:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3947:Potamotherium
3944:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3931:skull, teeth
3930:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3790:Hypocarnivore
3788:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:L. mustelinus
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3689:smaller than
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3475:Kretzoiarctos
3472:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:Amphicyonidae
3446:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3236:M. monacensis
3234:
3232:
3231:
3230:Miotragocerus
3227:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:Passeriformes
3042:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2535:Sheltopusik (
2533:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2505:P. pannonicus
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2160:Lazarussuchus
2157:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1900:Palaeoproteus
1896:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1457:Common dace (
1455:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
993:
989:
987:
986:
982:
981:
978:
975:
972:
970:
968:
964:
962:
961:M. flabellata
959:
957:
956:
952:
951:Margaritifera
948:
947:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
927:
919:
914:
908:
905:
903:
901:
898:
897:Ephemeroptera
895:
894:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
877:
869:
862:
853:
850:
848:
841:
837:
834:
830:
827:
823:
818:
813:
808:
805:
801:
800:
796:
793:
792:
784:
778:
776:
773:
772:
771:Gomphotherium
767:
763:
762:Tetralophodon
758:
754:
753:
748:
747:
742:
741:
736:
735:
730:
729:
724:
723:
718:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:
699:Potamotherium
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
653:
651:
650:
645:
644:
638:
637:
632:
631:
630:Miotragocerus
626:
622:
621:
616:
615:
611:
606:
605:Nombrevilla 2
602:
601:
596:
595:
590:
586:
578:
576:
574:
570:
569:C3 vegetation
564:
562:
557:
552:
549:
548:
543:
542:
538:
537:Margaritifera
534:
524:
519:
515:
512:
507:
503:
500:
497:
494:
493:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
474:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
447:
445:
441:
437:
429:
427:
425:
421:
416:
408:
406:
404:
400:
399:
394:
391:, and led by
390:
386:
377:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
350:
346:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
298:
270:
260:
257:
246:
242:
239:
228:
224:
219:
191:
189:
185:
180:
177:
173:
169:
166:
162:
157:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
122:
117:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
37:
33:
29:
25:
20:
8607:
8603:
8593:
8550:
8546:
8536:
8495:
8491:
8481:
8472:
8462:
8451:. Retrieved
8447:
8438:
8397:
8393:
8383:
8373:
8366:
8354:. Retrieved
8349:
8340:
8328:. Retrieved
8323:
8314:
8279:
8275:
8254:
8242:
8233:
8229:
8221:
8217:
8212:
8159:
8155:
8145:
8104:
8100:
8090:
8057:
8053:
8043:
8002:
7998:
7988:
7947:
7943:
7933:
7916:
7912:
7902:
7877:
7873:
7863:
7810:
7806:
7796:
7784:. Retrieved
7779:
7770:
7735:
7731:
7721:
7686:
7682:
7657:the original
7652:
7643:
7631:. Retrieved
7626:
7617:
7608:
7595:
7546:
7542:
7492:
7488:
7475:
7434:
7430:
7420:
7409:. Retrieved
7405:
7328:
7324:
7258:
7254:
7189:
7068:
7064:
7054:
7021:
7017:
6971:
6967:
6913:
6909:
6835:
6831:
6765:
6761:
6726:
6674:
6670:
6635:
6631:
6553:the original
6548:
6514:. Retrieved
6510:
6500:
6485:
6481:
6289:
6285:
6248:
6218:
6196:
6178:
6169:
6168:
6146:
6137:Zingiberales
6126:
6104:
6082:
6062:Proserpinaca
6060:
6038:
6016:
5994:
5972:
5950:
5928:
5886:
5879:
5865:
5859:
5852:
5835:
5828:
5814:
5808:
5801:
5786:
5768:HAM 3 HAM 5
5767:
5761:
5754:
5737:
5730:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5699:
5692:
5678:
5672:
5665:
5648:
5641:
5632:
5621:
5616:Microdyromys
5614:
5605:
5587:
5580:
5571:
5549:
5542:
5533:
5527:
5519:
5516:
5510:
5503:
5488:
5482:
5475:
5458:
5452:
5445:
5427:
5424:
5418:
5411:
5375:
5368:
5351:
5344:
5324:
5317:
5299:
5293:
5286:
5246:
5225:
5219:
5212:
5202:
5192:proboscidean
5179:
5173:
5168:Deinotherium
5166:
5112:
5105:
5084:
5077:
5060:
5054:
5049:Aceratherium
5047:
5036:
5012:
5002:chalicothere
4989:
4982:
4944:New species
4912:
4905:
4884:
4877:
4837:
4814:
4807:
4790:
4784:
4777:
4729:
4722:
4702:
4695:
4677:
4673:
4666:
4638:
4620:
4613:
4596:
4589:
4575:
4569:
4562:
4538:
4531:
4476:
4469:
4452:
4445:
4427:
4424:
4418:
4414:
4409:Crusafontina
4407:
4390:
4384:
4377:
4348:Eulipotyphla
4280:
4274:
4267:
4250:
4247:
4241:
4216:
4209:
4191:
4188:
4182:
4177:Thalassictis
4175:
4163:
4140:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4118:
4117:
4109:Pseudaelurus
4108:
4107:Mandible of
4082:
4077:Pseudaelurus
4075:
4065:
4059:
4056:Pseudaelurus
4055:
3978:
3958:
3952:
3945:
3926:
3921:T. albanense
3920:
3913:
3891:
3884:
3866:
3860:
3853:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3806:
3799:
3766:
3746:
3739:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3706:
3699:
3698:
3690:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3660:
3659:
3641:
3638:
3633:C. hartmanni
3632:
3627:Circamustela
3625:
3615:
3602:
3595:
3582:
3576:
3552:
3545:
3527:
3509:
3495:Ailuropodine
3486:
3480:
3473:
3462:
3436:
3422:Simocyoninae
3397:
3390:
3296:
3289:
3271:Boselaphinae
3261:
3241:
3235:
3228:
3220:Dorcatherium
3219:
3197:
3192:Dorcatherium
3190:
3168:
3161:
3152:
3129:L. splendens
3128:
3121:
3092:Artiodactyla
3029:neurocranium
2970:
2953:
2947:A. pannonica
2945:
2938:
2872:
2864:
2841:
2836:A. tortonica
2835:
2830:Allgoviachen
2828:
2703:
2681:
2659:
2637:
2615:
2591:HAM 1 HAM 5
2586:
2579:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2553:
2546:
2536:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2497:
2488:
2481:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2401:M. sarmatica
2400:
2393:
2385:swamp turtle
2372:
2369:
2363:
2358:Clemmydopsis
2356:
2342:
2336:
2329:
2309:
2304:Titanochelon
2302:
2277:
2274:
2268:
2263:Chelydropsis
2261:
2243:
2237:
2230:
2190:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2158:
2129:Choristodera
2113:
2107:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2068:
2053:
2050:
2045:C. paradoxus
2044:
2037:
2028:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1963:
1955:
1948:
1935:
1912:
1906:
1898:
1883:
1880:
1831:
1821:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1793:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1738:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1709:
1700:
1685:
1679:
1672:
1663:
1649:
1643:
1636:
1571:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1540:
1532:Gobius niger
1531:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1501:
1492:
1475:
1468:
1458:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1427:
1418:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1388:
1378:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1347:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1318:
1309:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1267:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1236:
1196:
1160:
1142:
1135:
1121:
1105:
1095:
1088:
1048:
1027:
1020:
1011:
990:
983:
966:
960:
949:
860:
851:
794:
769:
766:Deinotherium
765:
761:
750:
744:
740:Circamustela
738:
732:
726:
720:
697:
694:lophocyonids
682:Amphicyonids
654:
647:
641:
634:
628:
618:
613:
609:
598:
592:
582:
565:
556:herpetofauna
553:
545:
531:
528:
518:proboscidean
490:
486:
482:
478:
448:
443:
433:
412:
396:
381:
372:MN zones 7/8
364:Serravallian
342:
326:
324:
32:Serravallian
7071:(1): 5660.
6974:: 117–129.
6040:Potamogeton
5809:D. nov. sp.
5732:Keramidomys
5643:Muscardinus
5534:Euroxenomys
5483:S. depereti
5477:Steneofiber
5308:anomalomyid
5235:elephantoid
5137:Proboscidea
5067:A hornless
4648:Erinaceinae
4591:Proscapanus
4554:shrew moles
4552:related to
4477:P. crouzeli
4453:D. sp. nov.
4379:Plesiosorex
4269:Viverrictis
4211:Semigenetta
4183:T. montadai
4165:Dinocrocuta
4041:Metailurini
3904:piscivorous
3826:Lartetictis
3807:E. moralesi
3801:Eomellivora
3767:Ischyrictis
3603:P. pachecoi
3597:Palaeomeles
3553:P. pusillus
3547:Proputorius
3537:harbor seal
3410:simocyonine
3392:Alopecocyon
3297:E. furcatus
2999:Galliformes
2980:Galliformes
2969:Humerus of
2806:Alcedinidae
2349:A tortoise
2039:Chelotriton
1822:cf. viridis
1717:L. gigantea
1664:Eopelobates
1638:Eopelobates
1379:Tinca tinca
1268:Esox lucius
1175:Filholiidae
1137:Borysthenia
992:S. rivicola
861:crossed out
840:Morphotaxon
757:metailurine
734:Viverrictis
722:Lartetictis
717:semiaquatic
643:Eomellivora
444:Obere Serie
438:within the
213: /
188:Coordinates
135:Fossil site
8646:Categories
8453:2022-11-24
8448:app.pan.pl
8356:4 November
8330:4 November
7786:4 November
7633:2 November
7495:: 151–173.
7411:2022-11-04
6677:(3): 179.
6516:1 November
6223:References
6148:Stratiotes
6106:Sparganium
5905:Paleoflora
5860:M. minutus
5511:T. minutus
5453:C. jaegeri
5447:Chalicomys
5294:A. gaudryi
5288:Anomalomys
5107:Sinohippus
5096:folivorous
5069:rhinoceros
4748:Lagomorpha
4739:A dimylid
4703:P. johanni
4533:Desmanella
4486:A soricid
4462:A soricid
4327:Chiroptera
4297:Chiroptera
4217:S. grandis
4120:Leptofelis
4061:Metailurus
3936:leptarcine
3915:Trocharion
3892:V. neptuni
3886:Vishnuonyx
3861:P. jaegeri
3481:K. beatrix
3317:Muntiacini
3123:Listriodon
2874:cf. M. sp.
2717:Natricinae
2695:Natricinae
2673:Colubrinae
2651:Colubrinae
2548:Ophisaurus
2201:Testudines
2085:T. roehrsi
1991:Mioproteus
1740:Pelophylax
1582:Sciaenidae
1184:Helicoidea
1162:Triptychia
1059:Gastropoda
1029:P. amnicum
870:Arthropoda
857:small text
826:Ichnotaxon
779:Paleofauna
690:Herpestids
674:Can Ponsic
600:Sinohippus
585:Astaracian
573:scansorial
460:gastropods
424:Kaufbeuren
201:10°35′28″E
198:47°55′38″N
8632:0034-6667
8585:129383145
8577:1664-2384
8520:0272-4634
8414:0272-4634
8306:1867-6812
8186:1932-6203
8137:220413165
8129:0272-4634
8082:0016-6995
8035:237805066
8027:0016-6995
8005:: 25–36.
7980:240538139
7972:0272-4634
7894:229409794
7837:1932-6203
7762:220505689
7754:2193-7206
7713:247310405
7705:0891-2963
7587:130738857
7571:0022-3360
7459:1664-2384
7347:1573-7055
7285:1932-6203
7095:2045-2322
7046:0012-821X
6980:0255-0091
6862:1932-6203
6798:244913608
6790:0891-2963
6691:1383-4517
6511:Merkur.de
5836:E. latior
5830:Eumyarion
5787:C. dobosi
5438:squirrel
5419:S. bredai
5325:A. grimmi
5319:Albanesia
5275:Material
5174:D. levius
5155:Material
4971:Material
4866:Material
4828:ochotonid
4799:ochotonid
4779:Eurolagus
4766:Material
4630:A talpid
4606:A talpid
4582:A talpid
4515:indet. 2
4513:Soricidae
4496:indet. 1
4494:Soricidae
4447:Dinosorex
4366:Material
4315:Material
4275:V. modica
4150:Hyaenidae
4008:Material
3990:Feliforma
3855:Paralutra
3776:Gulolinae
3759:wolverine
3741:Laphyctis
3438:Protursus
3379:Material
3361:Caniforma
3356:Carnivora
3336:Moschidae
3110:Material
3001:indet. 2
2774:Material
2607:Scincidea
2581:Chalcides
2499:Pseudopus
2437:Material
2294:chelydrid
2219:Material
2147:Material
1860:Material
1625:Material
1429:Leuciscus
1285:S. joergi
1225:Material
1108:operculum
1077:Material
985:Sphaerium
955:Pseudunio
938:Material
888:Material
795:Color key
728:Paralutra
712:Viverrids
708:Mustelids
670:Rudabánya
662:Steinheim
649:Laphyctis
589:Vallesian
541:Sphaerium
464:pedogenic
456:marlstone
409:Geography
403:Hominidae
368:Tortonian
176:claystone
172:sandstone
159:Lithology
151:Thickness
36:Tortonian
8528:84520113
8430:85823651
8422:20491008
8247:Archived
8204:38848328
8195:11161025
8156:PLOS ONE
7855:35584185
7807:PLOS ONE
7579:40605510
7467:84139965
7303:35830447
7255:PLOS ONE
7113:25012454
6988:41701857
6916:: 1–18.
6880:32374733
6832:PLOS ONE
6699:54798230
6297:Archived
6084:Sambucus
6018:Nymphaea
5930:Caldesia
5917:Species
5777:cricetid
5756:Collimys
5673:M. meini
5582:Glirulus
5467:castorid
5269:Species
5257:Rodentia
5149:Species
4984:Anisodon
4965:Species
4907:Danuvius
4897:hominoid
4879:Buronius
4860:Species
4848:Primates
4809:Prolagus
4760:Species
4360:Species
4309:Species
4229:viverrid
4159:incisor
4066:M. major
4002:Species
3763:gulonine
3670:M. munki
3662:"Martes"
3651:gulonine
3568:mephitid
3519:Phocidae
3373:Species
3209:tragulid
3104:Species
3087:Mammalia
2919:Anatidae
2899:Anatidae
2768:Species
2736:Erycinae
2431:Species
2419:Squamata
2395:Mauremys
2378:Carapace
2321:tortoise
2319:A large
2287:tetrapod
2213:Species
2141:Species
2124:Reptiles
2079:Triturus
1854:Species
1619:Species
1602:Amphibia
1219:Species
1090:Bithynia
1071:Species
1022:Pisidium
932:Species
920:Bivalvia
915:Molluscs
882:Species
625:MN9 zone
547:Bithynia
533:Pisidium
511:Molluscs
469:paleosol
387:and the
182:Location
8612:Bibcode
8555:Bibcode
8500:Bibcode
8284:Bibcode
8234:Nature.
8222:Nature.
8164:Bibcode
8109:Bibcode
8062:Bibcode
8054:Geobios
8007:Bibcode
7999:Geobios
7952:Bibcode
7846:9116667
7815:Bibcode
7551:Bibcode
7439:Bibcode
7294:9278789
7263:Bibcode
7104:4092332
7073:Bibcode
7026:Bibcode
6871:7202596
6840:Bibcode
6770:Bibcode
5996:Decodon
5779:rodent
5762:C. hiri
5723:rodent
5694:Eomyops
5667:Myoglis
5563:rodent
5544:Eliomys
5529:Ondatra
5395:indet.
5346:Blackia
5310:rodent
5024:indet.
4933:indet.
4895:A tiny
4714:dimylid
4685:molars
4668:Galerix
4650:indet.
4329:indet.
4233:jackals
4187:HAM 4?
4152:indet.
4096:-sized
4094:Leopard
4043:indet.
4022:indet.
3778:indet.
3757:Almost
3521:indet.
3450:indet.
3424:indet.
3413:ailurid
3338:indet.
3319:indet.
3273:indet.
3198:D. naui
3068:indet.
3046:indet.
3019:indet.
3017:Gruidae
2982:indet.
2940:Anhinga
2890:species
2808:indet.
2788:indet.
2738:indet.
2631:indet.
2609:indet.
2450:Lacerta
2331:Testudo
2232:Trionyx
2100:A newt
2060:A newt
1950:Andrias
1929:indet.
1874:indet.
1842:Urodela
1795:Bufotes
1711:Latonia
1584:indet.
1320:Cobitis
1308:Extant
1279:Silurus
1186:indet.
1106:single
974:Unionid
906:Larvae
899:indet.
833:Ootaxon
704:phocids
610:Galerix
452:lignite
420:Wertach
378:History
360:Miocene
349:bipedal
339:Germany
335:Bavaria
331:Pforzen
256:Germany
244:Country
238:Bavaria
164:Primary
141:Unit of
109:↓
8630:
8583:
8575:
8526:
8518:
8428:
8420:
8412:
8304:
8202:
8192:
8184:
8135:
8127:
8080:
8033:
8025:
7978:
7970:
7892:
7853:
7843:
7835:
7760:
7752:
7711:
7703:
7585:
7577:
7569:
7465:
7457:
7345:
7301:
7291:
7283:
7121:106499
7119:
7111:
7101:
7093:
7044:
6986:
6978:
6878:
6868:
6860:
6796:
6788:
6697:
6689:
6487:Nature
6180:Cornus
5923:Image
5920:Notes
5891:HAM 5
5866:HAM 5
5864:HAM 1
5840:HAM 5
5815:HAM 5
5813:HAM 1
5766:HAM 1
5742:HAM 5
5738:K. sp.
5721:eomyid
5712:HAM 5
5709:HAM 3
5706:HAM 2
5704:HAM 1
5679:HAM 5
5677:HAM 1
5653:HAM 5
5626:HAM 5
5592:HAM 5
5561:glirid
5554:HAM 5
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