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precision as long as the operators of the power grid kept the current's frequency constant. This had become possible since the introduction of the Warren master clock, an innovation of which
Hammond took full advantage with his own invention. Hammond's motor, however, differed from Warren's in a number of respects: above all, it ran more slowly and was not self-starting. (Warren had patented his self-starting technology.) The latter Hammond did not consider to be a disadvantage; he believed that people would be misled by their clocks if they restarted automatically after a power outage. As Hammond's new clock motor was not self-starting, his clocks possessed a characteristic little knob on the back that one had to spin to start the motor.
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329:. This proved to be nothing but a fleeting success. Hammond did finally manage to save his company in 1931 with a $ 75,000.00 contract from the Postal Telegraph Company, for putting their company name on large electric wall clocks. These clocks were to replace old key-wind clocks in railroad stations. What further saved the company was his invention of the
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In 1932, the economic troubles of the Great
Depression threatened the clock-making industry; about 150 clock companies went out of business. To make matters worse, Hammond's licensees discovered that Hammond's patent on his motor was invalid, due to an earlier German invention of the same technology.
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The
Hammond Clock Company was founded in 1928 to produce and market clocks that were equipped with Hammond's new motor. The Hammond clock factory manufactured more than 100 different clock models, some simple and cheap, others made from expensive materials such as marble and onyx. Hammond employed
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clocks. Upon discovering the
Telechron technology, Hammond designed a motor that was synchronous, like Warren's, that is to say, it rotated at a speed that was tied to the frequency of the current supplied by the power grid. In this way, any clock operated by such a motor would run with great
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well-paid toolmakers who created sophisticated tools to stamp out the various components of his clocks, which could then be assembled in a belt operation by unskilled laborers. In addition, Hammond licensed his invention to other clock makers such as
Waterbury, Sessions, and Ingraham.
333:. His first model, the Model A Console organ was released in 1935, year in which his company was renamed "The Hammond Organ Company" to reflect the new emphasis. The production of clocks was discontinued entirely in 1941.
448:, the newsletter of the Synchronous Society, which was devoted to the collection of Hammond clocks. Only two issues have appeared, however: vol. 1, no. 1 (October 1996) and vol. 1, no. 2 (February 1998).
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As
Stuyvesant Barry reports in his biography of Laurens Hammond, Hammond himself acknowledged that his invention of the clock that was to bear his name was inspired by the success of Henry Warren's
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Warren tried to prevent this problem through his "indicating device," the red dot that would appear on the dial after a power failure. The "indicating device" is explained in the article on
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Due to its distinctive art deco skyscraper design, the "Gregory" is the most famous and popular clock among
Hammond collectors.
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353:, chap. XII: "The Electric Clock." The work remains unpublished but is available on the web at
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In this situation, Hammond attempted to save his factory by starting the production of an
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There is less literature on the
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between 1928 and 1941. It was one of the ventures of
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351:Hammond as in Organ: The Laurens Hammond Story
51:Hammond Organ Company (1935 – 1985)
424:Images of the bridge table can be seen here:
41:Hammond Clock Company (1928 – 1935
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493:Manufacturing companies established in 1928
69:Hammond-Suzuki (1989 – present)
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118:1935 – present
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228:Electromechanical organs
355:The Hammond Organ Story
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64:1986 – 1989)
55:1935 – 1985)
349:See Stuyvesant Barry,
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463:Hammond Clock Company
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98:Clockmaking
472:Categories
442:Telechrons
196:Key people
85:Subsidiary
381:Telechron
368:Telechron
293:Telechron
190:Worldwide
397:Archived
269:Illinois
207:Products
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172:Evanston
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91:Industry
38:Formerly
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337:Notes
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