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184:, on January 11, 1895 to William Andrew and Idea Louise Strong Hammond. Laurens showed his great technical prowess from an early age. His father, William, took his own life in January 1897, ostensibly due to failure of the First National Bank of Illinois, which he had founded. Upon her husband's death, Idea, who was an artist, relocated to France with Laurens to further her studies, and the family spent the next eleven years in France and Germany.
252:, a manufacturer of marine engines. A partner in the company, Col. John H. Poole, with whom he had served in France, knew of his engineering skills, and paid him an extra $ 300 a week under the table to stay with Gray Motor. In 1919, he invented a silent spring-driven clock. This invention brought him enough money to leave Gray Motor Company and rent his own space in New York City.
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generator. The company's assistant treasurer, W. L. Lahey, was the organist at the nearby St. Christopher's
Episcopal Church, and Hammond consulted him concerning the quality of the new instrument's sound. Thanks to Hammond's prior manufacturing and engineering experience, the tonewheel generator was
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extremely well-engineered by the time the "Hammond Organ" finally went into production in 1935. Tonewheel organs are still in regular use in the twenty-first century, which is a testament to the quality of the design and execution of the product.
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Hammond left his position as president of his company in 1955, and retired from the company in 1960, at the age of sixty-five. During his life he held 91 patents. He was married to Roxana
Scoville, and had one daughter. He died in
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In 1933, Hammond bought a used piano, and discarded everything apart from the keyboard action. Using the keyboard as a controller, he experimented with different sound-generating methods, finally settling on one, the
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in New York in
December 1922 to critical acclaim, but the cost of installing the expensive machinery in the theater was prohibitive, and the process was never used again. A 2-D version of the film, renamed
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303:, with six workers, above a grocery store in Chicago. Demand was high and the business soon grew into a large factory. He was responsible for a number of other inventions, such as an
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When the family returned to
Evanston in 1909, Laurens, then 14, was fluent in French and German. While in Europe, he had already designed a system for
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712:– a collection of Hammond products including: clock, organ, Novachord, Solovox, rhythm Machine, and bridge table.
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Hammond filed his patent application on
January 19, 1934. At that time, unemployment was a major problem due to the
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307:. A mechanism below the $ 25 table's surface shuffled the cards and dealt them to each of the four players.
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160:(January 11, 1895 – July 1, 1973) was an American engineer and inventor. His inventions include the
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The most comprehensive source on
Laurens Hammond's life and inventions is the book by Stuyvesant Barry,
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for automobiles. At his mother's suggestion, he submitted his designs to engineers at French automaker
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632:"An electric bridge table that shuffles and deals ." Photoplay, December 1932, 15.
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Following the war, Hammond moved to
Detroit, where he was chief engineer for the
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fraternity. He graduated with honors in 1916. When the United States entered
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American Silent Horror, Science
Fiction and Fantasy Feature Films, 1913–1929
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Home Front Heroes: A Biographical
Dictionary of Americans During Wartime
200:, although they were not accepted. His first patent, in 1912, was for a
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680:. This book was never published, but is available on the web at
535:"Laurens Hammond Dies at 78; Invented Electric Organ in 30's".
457:. National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors: 167. 2001
224:, Hammond served with the 16th Regiment Engineers (Railway),
168:, and the world's first polyphonic musical synthesizer, the
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Soister, John T.; Nicolella, Henry; Joyce, Steve (2013).
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in 1940 for the invention of the
Hammond electric organ.
605:. Vol. 2. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 379.
354:, Poland as a division of the Museum of Toys and Play.
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415:. Gretna: Pelican Publishing Company. p. 154.
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350:In 2017 the Laurens Hammond Museum was founded in
731:Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
695:"Electric Pipeless Organ Has Millions of Tones"
678:Hammond as in Organ: The Laurens Hammond Story
259:system of shutter glasses in association with
228:, in France. He rose to the rank of captain.
111:William Andrew and Idea Louise Strong Hammond
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212:Hammond studied mechanical engineering at
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18:American engineer and inventor (1895–1973)
373:Historical Gazetteer of the United States
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263:. One feature was made for the system,
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601:. In Shearer, Benjamin F. (ed.).
736:Inventors of musical instruments
447:"Clocks Were Not the Only Thing"
269:. He premiered this show at the
204:that could sell for one dollar.
766:20th-century American engineers
756:20th-century American inventors
240:Hammond with his invention the
208:University and military service
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751:People from Evanston, Illinois
599:"Hammond, Laurens (1895-1973)"
480:"Blazing New Trails for Music"
299:led him in 1928 to set up the
255:In 1922, Hammond invented the
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597:Shearer, Benjamin F. (2007).
285:Hammond Electric Bridge Table
226:American Expeditionary Force
180:Laurens Hammond was born in
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569:. McFarland. p. 383.
376:. Routledge. p. 284.
370:Hellmann, Paul T. (2006).
347:on July 1, 1973, aged 78.
332:John Price Wetherill Medal
216:, and was a member of the
146:John Price Wetherill Medal
701:(April 1936). April 1936.
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326:Hammond was awarded the
771:Engineers from Illinois
761:Inventors from Illinois
682:The Hammond Organ Story
490:(2): 200. August 1939.
278:, continued to screen.
37:Laurens Hammond in 1940
412:The Name's Familiar II
295:Hammond's work on the
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194:automatic transmission
126:Mechanical engineering
551:U.S. patent 1,345,766
345:Cornwall, Connecticut
305:electric bridge table
301:Hammond Clock Company
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266:The Man from M.A.R.S.
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75:Cornwall, Connecticut
338:Later life and death
409:Lee, Laura (2001).
708:"Hammond Products"
518:Lee (2000), p. 155
328:Franklin Institute
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250:Gray Motor Company
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214:Cornell University
182:Evanston, Illinois
117:Engineering career
86:Cornell University
57:Evanston, Illinois
710:. OrganHouse.com.
699:Popular Mechanics
484:Popular Mechanics
297:synchronous motor
289:in Kielce, Poland
287:(Muzeum Hammonda
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69:(1973-07-01)
67:July 1, 1973
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746:1973 deaths
741:1895 births
276:Radio-Mania
222:World War I
725:Categories
643:US1956350A
618:January 6,
582:January 6,
501:January 6,
461:January 6,
428:January 6,
422:145560917X
389:January 6,
383:1135948593
232:Inventions
123:Discipline
92:Occupation
49:1895-01-11
496:0032-4558
313:tonewheel
261:3-D films
244:, in 1923
202:barometer
170:Novachord
108:Parent(s)
82:Education
257:Teleview
242:Teleview
131:Projects
95:Engineer
198:Renault
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352:Kielce
164:, the
142:Awards
100:Spouse
358:Notes
176:Youth
716:Blip
620:2018
607:ISBN
584:2018
571:ISBN
503:2018
492:ISSN
463:2018
430:2018
417:ISBN
391:2018
378:ISBN
64:Died
43:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
