Act of Settlement 1701 - Knowledge (XXG)

2904:, but, the case was dismissed by the court. It found that, as the Act of Settlement is part of the Canadian constitution, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as another part of the same constitution, does not have supremacy over it. Also, the court noted that, while Canada has the power to amend the line of succession to the Canadian throne, the Statute of Westminster stipulates that the agreement of the governments of the fifteen other Commonwealth realms that share the Crown would first have to be sought if Canada wished to continue its relationship with these countries. An appeal of the decision was dismissed on 16 March 2005. Some commentators state that, as a result of this, any single provincial legislature could hinder any attempts to change this Act, and by extension, to the line of succession for the shared crown of all 16 Commonwealth realms. Others contend that that is not the case, and changes to the succession instituted by an Act of the 735: 141: 232: 55: 186: 179: 2020: 245: 200: 2807: 2609: 166: 127: 155: 2819: 652: 217: 2537:, as was noted during the crisis of 1936, contains no power for the federal parliament to legislate with respect to the monarchy. Everything thus turns upon the status and meaning of clause 2 in the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900, which provides: "The provisions of this Act referring to the Queen shall extend to Her Majesty's heirs and successors in the sovereignty of the United Kingdom." 259: 1956: 3222:, Australia. Cameron reportedly also proposed removing the restriction on successors being or marrying Roman Catholics; however, potential Roman Catholic successors would be required to convert to Anglicanism prior to acceding to the throne. In reaction to the letter and media coverage, Harper stated that, this time, he was "supportive" of what he saw as "reasonable modernizations". 113: 958:(during good behaviour) and if they do not behave themselves, they can be removed only by both Houses of Parliament (or in other Commonwealth realms the one House of Parliament, depending on the legislature's structure). This provision was the result of various monarchs influencing judges' decisions, and its purpose was to assure 3251:, First Minister of Scotland, who pointed out that "It is deeply disappointing that the reform has stopped short of removing the unjustifiable barrier on a Catholic becoming monarch." On the subject, Cameron asserted: "Let me be clear, the monarch must be in communion with the Church of England because he or she is the 927:) made naturalised citizens the equal of those native born, and excluded Commonwealth citizens from the definition of foreigners, and citizens of the Irish Republic from the definition of aliens, but otherwise this provision still applies. It has however been disapplied in particular cases by a number of other statutes. 837:". This was intended to ensure the exclusion of a Roman Catholic monarch. Along with James II's perceived despotism, his religion was the main cause of the Glorious Revolution, and of the previous linked religious and succession problems which had been resolved by the joint monarchy of William III and Mary II. 3085:

and Hilton argues that "it would be intolerable to have, as the sovereign of a Protestant and free country, one who owes any allegiance to the head of any other state" and contends that, if such situation came about, "we will have undone centuries of common law." He said that because the Roman Catholic Church

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were to be faced with the problems of covering clause 2, it would find some way to conclude that, with regard to Australia, the clause is subject solely to Australian law. Canadian scholar Richard Toporoski theorised in 1998 that "if, let us say, an alteration were to be made in the United Kingdom to

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First: it "mandates that whoever is the sovereign of the United Kingdom is also, by virtue of this external fact, sovereign of Australia"; accordingly, changes to British succession laws would have no effect on Australian law, but if the British amendment changed the sovereign, then the new sovereign

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might marry a Roman Catholic, Powell defended the provision that excludes Roman Catholics from ascending the throne, stating his objection was not rooted in religious bigotry but in political considerations. He said a Roman Catholic monarch would mean the acceptance of a source of authority external

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in 1988. But St Andrews' place in the line of succession was significantly lower than Phillips'.) Criticism of the Act of Settlement due to the Phillips–Kelly marriage was muted when Autumn Kelly converted to Anglicanism shortly before her marriage, thus preserving her husband's place in the line of

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at the age of 11. Thus, Anne was left as the only person in line to the throne. The Bill of Rights excluded Catholics from the throne, which ruled out James II and his children (as well as their descendants) sired after he converted to Catholicism in 1668. However, it did not provide for the further

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in 2003, defended the Act of Settlement as not "irrational prejudice or blind bigotry", but claimed that it was passed because "the nation had learnt that when a Roman Catholic monarch is upon the throne, religious and civil liberty is lost." He points to the Pope's claiming universal jurisdiction,

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were to be transacted there, and all council resolutions were to be signed by those who advised and consented to them. This was because Parliament wanted to know who was deciding policies, as sometimes councillors' signatures normally attached to resolutions were absent. This provision was repealed

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In practice, when legislating for the Perth Agreement (see below), the Australian governments took the approach of the states requesting, and referring power to, the federal government to enact the legislation on behalf of the states (under paragraph 51(xxxviii) of the Australian Constitution) and

644:. The need for this Act of Settlement was prompted by the inability of William and Mary, as well as of Mary's Protestant sister (the future Queen Anne), to produce any surviving children, and by the perceived threat posed by the pretensions to the throne by remaining Roman Catholic members of the 3229:

on 28 October 2011, the prime ministers of the other Commonwealth realms agreed to support Cameron's proposed changes to the Act. The bill put before the Parliament of the United Kingdom would act as a model for the legislation required to be passed in at least some of the other realms, and any

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acknowledges by established convention that any changes to the rules of succession may be made only with the agreement of all of the states involved, with concurrent amendments to be made by each state's parliament or parliaments. Further, as the current monarch's eldest child and, in turn, his

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and her Protestant descendants, and then to the Protestant descendants of William III by a possible later marriage should he outlive Mary. During the debate, the House of Lords had attempted to append Sophia and her descendants to the line of succession, but the amendment failed in the Commons.

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on potential changes to their laws in the wake of amendments to the Act of Settlement. The practice of the Australian states—for example, New South Wales and Victoria—has been, when legislating to repeal some imperial statutes so far as they still applied in Australia, to provide that imperial

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Sixth, no person who has an office under the monarch, or receives a pension from the Crown, was to be a Member of Parliament. This provision was inserted to avoid unwelcome royal influence over the House of Commons. It remains in force, but with several exceptions; ministers of the Crown were

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The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth, or other

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the Act of Settlement 1701, providing for the succession of the Crown... t is my opinion that the domestic constitutional law of Australia or Papua New Guinea, for example, would provide for the succession in those countries of the same person who became Sovereign of the United Kingdom."

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to address the issue of the Act's bar on Catholics, saying Phillips' marriage to Kelly would be the first time the provisions of the Act would bear directly on Canada—Phillips would be barred from acceding to the Canadian throne because he married a Roman Catholic Canadian. (In fact,

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Second, it is "merely an interpretative provision", operating to ensure that references to "the Queen" in the Constitution are references to whoever may at the time be the incumbent of the "sovereignty of the United Kingdom" as determined with regard to Australia, following the

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long before they became English. Moreover, the Act also placed limits on both the role of foreigners in the British government and the power of the monarch with respect to the Parliament of England, though some of those provisions have been altered by subsequent legislation.

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eldest child, are Anglican males, any change to the succession laws would have no immediate implications. Consequently, there was little public concern with the issues and debate had been confined largely to academic circles until the November 2010 announcement that

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and later laws, the Act of Settlement (along with the other laws governing the succession of the Commonwealth realms) may only be changed with the agreement of all the realms (and, in some federal realms, the constituent members of those federations). The

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Second, if a person not native to England comes to the throne, England will not wage war for "any dominions or territories which do not belong to the Crown of England, without the consent of Parliament". This would become relevant when a member of the

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With religion and lineage initially decided, the ascendancy of William of Orange in 1689 would also bring his partiality to his foreign favourites that followed. By 1701 English jealousy of foreigners was rampant, and action was considered necessary.

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in favour of absolute primogeniture, which governs succession solely on birth order and not on sex. The issue was raised again in January 2009, when a private member's bill to amend the Act of Succession was introduced in parliament.

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From time to time there has been debate over repealing the clause that prevents Roman Catholics, or those who marry one, from ascending to the British throne. Proponents of repeal argue that the clause is a bigoted anachronism;

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As well as being part of the law of the United Kingdom, the Act of Settlement was received into the laws of all the countries and territories over which the British monarch reigned. It remains part of the laws of the 15

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had written to each of the prime ministers of the other fifteen Commonwealth realms, asking for their support in changing the succession to absolute primogeniture and notifying them he would raise his proposals at

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declared "This realm of England is an empire" ... It would signal the beginning of the end of the British monarchy. It would portend the eventual surrender of everything that has made us, and keeps us still, a

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was the youngest daughter. However in 1701 Sophia was the senior Protestant one, therefore with a legitimate claim to the English throne; Parliament passed over her Roman Catholic siblings, namely her sister

2229:. Stemming from this, the Parliament of England decided that, to ensure the stability and future prosperity of Great Britain, full union of the two parliaments and nations was essential before Anne's death. 581:, which passed in 1701. More specifically, anyone who became a Roman Catholic, or who married one, became disqualified to inherit the throne. This had the effect of deposing the remaining descendants of 2244:. This success was in marked contrast to the four attempts at political union between 1606 and 1689, which all failed owing to a lack of political will in both kingdoms. By virtue of Article II of the 2997:, but that a Roman Catholic monarch would, like all Roman Catholics, owe allegiance to the Pope. This would, according to opponents of repeal, amount to a loss of sovereignty for the Anglican Church. 4111: 3171:

which proposed that the Act of Settlement be amended to remove the provisions relating to Roman Catholicism and change the primogeniture governing the line of succession to the British throne from

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concluded, no reconciliation." Powell concluded that a Roman Catholic crown would be the destruction of the Church of England because "it would contradict the essential character of that church."

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that "Catholics should be able to ascend to the British throne". Ashdown claimed the Prince said: "I really can't think why we can't have Catholics on the throne". In 1998, during debate on a

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in 1699 took responsibility for steering the Act through Parliament. As a result, it passed with little opposition, although five peers voted against it in the House of Lords, including the

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in the control of the Crown; while several offices have historically been used for this purpose, two are currently in use: appointments generally alternate between the stewardships of the

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Or, third, it incorporates the United Kingdom rules of succession into the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, which itself can now be altered only by Australia, according to the

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archbishops, bishops, and clergy as part of the laity and therefore "lacking the ordained authority to preach and celebrate the sacraments." (Hilton noted that the Church of Scotland's

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succession after Anne. Parliament thus saw the need to settle the succession on Sophia and her descendants, and thereby guarantee the continuity of the Crown in the Protestant line.

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or shall profess the Popish Religion or shall marry a Papist". Thus, those who were Roman Catholics, and those who married Roman Catholics, were barred from ascending the throne.

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to re-enter the House upon such appointment until 1926. As a side effect, this provision means that members of the Commons seeking to resign from parliament can get around the

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unanimously passed a motion in 1999 calling for the complete removal of any discrimination linked to the monarchy and the repeal of the Act of Settlement. The following year,

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Since the act's passing the most senior living member of the royal family to have married a Roman Catholic, and thereby to have been removed from the line of succession, is

368: 2567:; in that way, the British rules of succession have been patriated to Australia and, with regard to Australia, are subject to amendment or repeal solely by Australian law. 2513:

that the Queen had "no objection to the Government's view that in determining the line of succession to the throne, daughters and sons should be treated in the same way."

4080: 722:, legislation amending the Act came into effect across the Commonwealth realms that removed the disqualification arising from marriage to a Roman Catholic and instituted 5113: 3745: 2478: 2158: 383: 373: 3101:

and notes that other European states have similar religious provisions for their monarchs: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, whose constitutions compel their monarchs to be

911:(unless born of English parents), can be a Privy Councillor or a member of either House of Parliament, or hold "any Office or Place of Trust, either Civill [ 814: – and her descendants, but it excluded "for ever" "all and every Person and Persons who ... is are or shall be reconciled to or shall hold Communion with the 4930: 3190:

responded that the issue was "not a priority for the government or for Canadians without further elaboration on the merits or drawbacks of the proposed reforms".

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Fifth, no foreigner ("no Person born out of the Kingdoms of England Scotland or Ireland or the Dominions thereunto belonging"), even if naturalised or made a

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https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/act-of-union-1707/overview/the-scottish-parliament-in-revolt-1703/

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prior to the wedding. Had she not done so, Phillips would have forfeited his place in the succession upon their marriage, only to have it restored in 2015.

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and three others. While many shared their opposition to a "foreign" king, the general feeling was summed up as "better a German prince than a French one".

1935: 1550: 1010: 473: 5123: 5118: 5063: 4709: 3120:, blocked all attempts to revise the succession laws, claiming it would raise too many constitutional issues and it was unnecessary at the time. In the 2434:, who converted on 14 January 1994, but her husband did not lose his place in the succession because she was an Anglican at the time of their marriage. 491: 4535: 3241:

asserted that succession reform would not make the monarchy any less discriminatory. As it welcomed the gender equality reforms, the British newspaper

5108: 4923: 3252: 2887: 2833: 2725: 1318: 4476: 2894:. This, he claimed, discriminated against non-Anglicans, including Catholics, who are the largest faith group in Canada. In 2002, O'Donohue launched 2385:, converted to Roman Catholicism in 2003 and is the most senior descendant of Sophia to be barred as a result of his religion. In 2008 his daughter, 5103: 4194: 2732: 223: 208: 5053: 4318: 3032:

sitting crowned upon the grave thereof", he was promulgating an enormously important truth. Authority in the Roman Church is the exertion of that

2946: 2900: 2767: 2126: 1973: 3209:, announced that the government was considering a change in the law. At approximately the same time, it was reported that British Prime Minister 4285: 985:

be pleadable to an Impeachment by the Commons in Parliament". This meant in effect that no pardon by the monarch was to save someone from being

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placed its importance above the Bill of Rights of 1689. Naamani Tarkow wrote: "If one is to make sweeping statements, one may say that, save

5128: 3121: 2321: 4349: 4726: 4704: 3060: 2977:, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church in England, pointed out that Prince William (later the Duke of Cambridge) "can marry by law a 2526: 2317: 1584: 4752: 2712: 2370: 1939: 1886: 1430: 948: 782: 742: 342: 31: 4702:

The act received royal assent in 1701. However, it is formally dated as 1700 in official use, such as the listing for the act in the

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came into force are dated by the year in which the relevant parliamentary session began, which, in this case, was 6 February 1700 (

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said at the time to the media that it "supports amending the Act of Settlement in order to modernize the succession rules."

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in 1978; he was fifteenth in the line of succession at the time. He was restored to the line of succession in 2015 when the

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The act contained eight additional provisions that were to only come into effect upon the death of both William and Anne:

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early in Queen Anne's reign, as many councillors ceased to offer advice and some stopped attending meetings altogether.

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Naamani Tarkow, I. (December 1943). "The Significance of the Act of Settlement in the Evolution of English Democracy".

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does not include bishops or archbishops.) Hilton said a Roman Catholic monarch would be unable to be crowned by the

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The next most senior living descendant of the Electress Sophia who had been ineligible to succeed on this ground is

2201:(more truly, its implications), the Act of Settlement is probably the most significant statute in English history". 5133: 4887: 2682: 2647: 2427: 2325: 2281: 2146: 1907: 4031: 3974: 1966: 3281: 2792: 2464:

Challenges have been made against the Act of Settlement, especially its provisions regarding Roman Catholics and

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were revealed that would end the exclusion of Catholics from the throne and end the doctrine of male-preference

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As the Convention nowhere lists the right to succeed to the Crown as a human right, the challenge was rejected.

5098: 5078: 4977: 3276: 3180: 3098: 2934: 2303:) or Roman Catholic, Parliament's choice was limited to Sophia of Hanover, the Protestant daughter of the late 2214: 2116: 2051: 1789: 1097: 900: 667: 236: 231: 146: 3969: 3168: 3109:; and Belgium, which has a constitution that provides for the succession to be through Roman Catholic houses. 4793: 4690: 3364: 3129: 2782: 2657: 2572: 2534: 2506: 2141: 2061: 1203: 932: 253:(1910–31; became a separate law of the Union of South Africa as a consequence of the Statute of Westminster) 433: 72:

An Act for the further Limitation of the Crown and better securing the Rights and Liberties of the Subject.

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Canada (1867–1931; became a separate law of Canada as a consequence of Order in Council P.C. 3144 and the

4310: 4295: 2908:" with the convention of symmetry that preserves the personal unity of the British and Dominion Crowns". 2468:. However, changing the act is a complex process, since the act governs the shared succession of all the 4967: 4686: 3036:

from which England in the 16th century finally and decisively declared its national independence as the

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Official text of the "Act of Settlement 1700" as currently in force in the Australian Capital Territory

4845: 3654: 2481:. This raised the question of what would happen if he were to produce first a daughter and then a son. 889: 605:

heirs. Sophia died less than two months before Queen Anne, and Sophia's son succeeded to the throne as

540: 267:(1922–31; became a separate law of the Irish Free State as a consequence of the Statute of Westminster) 3198:, said he supported the idea and it was reported that the government of New Zealand did, as well. The 3089:, a Roman Catholic monarch who abided by their faith's doctrine would be obliged to view Anglican and 495: 482: 5073: 4972: 4962: 2905: 2697: 2394: 2304: 2292: 2277: 2046: 2036: 1423: 1188: 967: 811: 710:. The Act of Settlement cannot be altered in any realm except by that realm's own parliament and, by 594: 582: 393: 2248:, which defined the succession to the throne of Great Britain, the Act of Settlement became part of 4987: 4982: 3094: 3075: 3050: 3006: 2990: 2772: 2632: 2447:

and the relevant jurisdictions within those realms. In accordance with established convention, the

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had already lost his place in the line of succession when he married the Roman Catholic Canadian

2929: 2861: 2564: 2557: 2469: 2444: 2409: 2210: 2194: 2071: 1761: 877: 869: 846: 715: 703: 610: 544: 132: 118: 101: 97: 4689:, section 1 and first schedule. Due to the repeal of that provision it is now authorised by the 4257: 3105:; the Netherlands, which has a constitution requiring its monarchs be members of the Protestant 896:; because of this, and also for personal reasons, he wished to visit Hanover from time to time. 558: 82: 3420: 3376: 3247:

criticized the lack of a proposal to remove the ban on Catholics sitting on the throne, as did

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exempted early on before Anne's death in order to continue some degree of royal patronage, but

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to have survived childhood. Elizabeth had borne nine children who reached adulthood, of whom

880:", without the consent of Parliament. This provision was repealed in 1716, at the request of 4773: 3552: 2966: 2389:, also converted to Catholicism and was removed from the line of succession. More recently, 1030: 842: 570: 478: 363: 264: 3578: 533: 5012: 4894: 4865: 4511: 4430: 4402: 4397: 4166: 4115: 3191: 3154: 3106: 3010: 2942: 2867: 2702: 2245: 2222: 2081: 1309: 1026: 719: 645: 487: 463: 3493: 674:

since 1603, they had remained separately governed countries, with the Act catalysing the

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gained a majority of seats in the House of Commons, but the election was won by Blair's

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Excluding those princesses who have married into Roman Catholic royal families, such as

714:, only with the consent of all the other realms, as it touches on the succession to the 694:, the Act of Settlement remains today one of the main constitutional laws governing the 3900: 3369: 3183: 3125: 3001: 2937: 2924: 2923:, a Roman Catholic and a Canadian, discussion about the Act of Settlement was revived. 2916: 2510: 2490: 2422: 2390: 2308: 2233: 1294: 963: 885: 858: 807: 651: 598: 165: 5037: 4290: 4137: 3210: 3141: 3080: 3025: 2811: 2777: 2533:

The legal process required at the federal level remains, theoretically, unclear. The

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Is There a Canadian Law of Succession and Is There a Canadian Process of Amendment?

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New Zealand (1907–47; became a separate law of New Zealand as a consequence of the

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The disqualification arising from marriage to a Roman Catholic was removed by the

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in 1704, through which Scotland reserved the right to choose its own successor to

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Mary II died childless in 1694, after which William III did not remarry. In 1700,

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had not been consulted about the Act of Settlement, and, in response, passed the

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under the English monarch. One of the principal factors which contributed to the

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from his most junior surviving line, with the crowns descending only to her non-

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as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from

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was more reluctant to abandon the House of Stuart, members of which had been

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as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from

4562:"PM welcomes proposal to amend rules governing the royal line of succession" 4161: 3160: 2485: 2249: 862: 199: 135:(1701–1800; extended by the Parliament of England to the Kingdom of Ireland) 3468: 3446: 785:, who was Anne's only child to survive infancy, died of what may have been 3167:

Member of Parliament, introduced to the House of Commons at Westminster a

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Henriques, H. S. (January 1907). "The Political Rights of English Jews".

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either childless (in the case of his two grand-daughters the late Queen

4785: 4035: 3564: 2426:) has converted to Roman Catholicism since the passage of the Act: the 2296: 2237: 1980: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 845:

ascended the British throne, as he would retain the territories of the

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Later the same year, the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom,

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challenged the succession law in court, claiming that it violated the

2401:; Kelly had been brought up as a Roman Catholic, but she converted to 3582: 474:

The European Communities (Employment in the Civil Service) Order 1991

207:(1901–42; became a separate law of Australia as a consequence of the 185: 178: 4877:"British Parliament Debates Change To The Act of Settlement of 1701" 4777: 3655:

https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lords-jrnl/vol16/pp698-699#h3-0009

3556: 3445:(Summer 1998). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from 3179:. Vaz sought support for his project from the Canadian Cabinet and 861:

ascended the throne, because she did not inherit Hanover under the

753:, the line of succession to the English throne was governed by the 3406:

Professor Anne Twomey – Succession to the Crown: foiled by Canada?

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wrote that "the Papacy is no other than the ghost of the deceased

2985:, anyone, but not a Roman Catholic." Opponents of repeal, such as 2978: 2343: 733: 650: 3943:"Why Canada must take on Britain over the 1701 Act of Settlement" 3116:—was introduced in the House of Lords. The government, headed by 802:

The Act of Settlement provided that the throne would pass to the

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was the perceived assaults made on the Church of England by King

4010:"Changing the Rules of Succession and the Problem of the Realms" 2209:

The Act of Settlement was, in many ways, the major cause of the

4919: 4800:. Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing. pp. 1–13. 4536:"Commonwealth leaders agree to change archaic succession rules" 3128:

promised to work towards having the prohibition removed if the

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does not recognise the Church of England as an apostolic church

3404: 3375:(5th ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 1949: 919: 913: 899:

Fourth, all government matters within the jurisdiction of the

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Sovereign's Power to go Abroad (Restriction Repeated) Act 1715

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Image of original act from the Parliamentary Archives website

3517:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 99. 3339:, Canadian Royal Heritage Trust, pp. 3–4, archived from 2420:, one member of the Royal Family (that is, with the style of 2284:, Queen of Sardinia, a Roman Catholic, from whom descend all 4373:"Brit asks Canada for help rewriting the rules of the Crown" 2607: 2280:, the youngest sister of James II. Henrietta's daughter was 761:

from England to France during the revolution amounted to an

4611:"Royal succession gender equality approved by Commonwealth" 4818:(2011). "Changing the Rules of Succession to the Throne". 4560:

Office of the Prime Minister of Canada (28 October 2011).

4034:. On procedure and politics. 27 April 2011. Archived from 3515:

Epidemics and Society: From the Black Death to the Present

2530:

statutes concerning the royal succession remain in force.

2548:

of the United Kingdom would automatically become the new

2193:

called the Act "the seal of our constitutional laws" and

4477:"Harper 'supportive' of updating royal succession rules" 4426:"Royal succession reform is being discussed, Clegg says" 3307:

Alternative successions of the English and British crown

4911:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 706–707. 4311:"End of the Anglican crown – 300 year bar to be lifted" 4225:"Catholics still barred from throne despite law change" 3005:

to the realm and "in the literal sense, foreign to the

3000:

When in December 1978 there was media speculation that

2232:

It used a combination of exclusionary legislation (the

833:

Firstly, the monarch "shall join in communion with the

160:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)

4258:"A Challenge to the Crown: now is the time for change" 2543:

reviews three possible interpretations of the clause.

2525:

was reported to have reached an agreement with all of

4454:"David Cameron proposes changes to royal succession" 4079:

Bowden, James; Philippe, Lagassé (6 December 2012),

3216:

that year's Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting

2276:, the Act also excluded the descendants of Princess 171:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

4953: 4879:. TheRoyalist.net. 21 February 2007. Archived from 4661:

Succession to the Crown Act 2013, Explanatory Notes

3802: 3800: 3409:(Digital video). London: University College London. 745:, whose death in 1700 was the predicate for the Act 589:, as the next Protestant in line to the throne was 539: 532: 525: 518: 508: 306: 301: 291: 281: 276: 89: 76: 66: 4871:British Monarchy web page on the Act of Settlement 4856:Text of the Act of Settlement as originally passed 3653:House of Lords Journal Volume 16: 22 May 1701, in 3368: 2571:However, Twomey expresses confidence that, if the 2334:Benedicta Henrietta, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg 666:The act played a key role in the formation of the 27:United Kingdom law disqualifying Catholic monarchs 3905:"Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900" 2969:, who was leader of the Roman Catholic Church in 384:Statute Law Revision and Civil Procedure Act 1881 374:British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 5069:Acts of the Parliament of England still in force 5008:His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 3715:"What do the new royal succession changes mean?" 2862:Monarchy of Canada § Succession and regency 4219: 4217: 4215: 2898:that argued the Act of Settlement violated the 2213:of Scotland with England and Wales to form the 239:(1907–49; Dominion became a province of Canada) 4820:Sydney Law School Legal Studies Research Paper 4058:"Royal Succession rules: view from the Realms" 3809:"Leaders abandon rule on male heir succession" 3690: 3678: 3605: 3112:In December 2004, a private member's bill—the 2960:Succession to the British throne § Reform 2397:, and eleventh in line to the throne, married 2340:Removal from the succession due to Catholicism 868:Third, no monarch may leave "the dominions of 4931: 4862:: vol X: 1696/7–1703 (1764), pp. 357–60. 4342:"St Lucia backs change to laws of succession" 3783:"Queen backs historic change to who may rule" 3738:"Catholics hail Duchess of Kent's conversion" 3227:2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2841: 2240:to achieve this within three years under the 2166: 1011: 414:Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 8: 4826:(71). University of Sydney, Faculty of Law. 4564:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from 3840:. Sydney: New South Wales Government Printer 3230:changes would only first take effect if the 42: 4198:. London: Phoenix Giant. pp. 810–812. 3122:British general election the following year 2973:, called the act an "insult" to Catholics. 966:was used prior to 1701 but did not prevent 4938: 4924: 4916: 4710:Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793 4588:"Girls equal in British throne succession" 4507:"Girls equal in British throne succession" 3936: 3934: 3498:. London: Isaac Pitman and Sons. pp. 2848: 2834: 2587: 2366:came into force, and became 34th in line. 2173: 2159: 2007: 1018: 1004: 996: 585:, other than his Protestant granddaughter 41: 4060:. Constitution Unit Blog. 20 October 2011 3883: 3881: 3536: 3534: 2888:Supreme Governor of the Church of England 1996:Learn how and when to remove this message 1025: Family tree of the shift from the 5114:Law about religion in the United Kingdom 4195:Like the Roman: The Life of Enoch Powell 4130:"Reforming the Succession to the Throne" 3666: 2866:In Canada, where the Act of Settlement ( 2205:Union of Scotland with England and Wales 857:. This provision has been dormant since 765:of the throne and that James's daughter 30:For other acts with similar titles, see 4674: 3495:The First George in Hanover and England 3322: 2901:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 2599: 2322:Elizabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans 2099: 2026: 2010: 954:Seventh, judges' commissions are valid 4501: 4499: 4321:from the original on 26 September 2008 4309:Wintour, Patrick (25 September 2008). 3432: 3430: 3234:were to have a daughter before a son. 3188:Office of the Prime Minister of Canada 3136:. Four years later, plans drawn up by 2683:British North America Acts (1867–1975) 2320:, and their descendants, who included 620:had confirmed the independence of the 4637:"Royal succession: Queen and country" 2911:With the announcement in 2007 of the 2456:changed many provisions of this Act. 2360:Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1855: 1843: 1841: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1788: 1781: 1779: 1774: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1760: 1753: 1725: 1719: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1672: 1660: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1624: 1622: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1607: 1592: 1590: 1583: 1572: 1570: 1565: 1563: 1558: 1556: 1549: 1509: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1455: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1388: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1317: 1315: 1308: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1155: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1129: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1044: 1042: 1040: 527:Text of statute as originally enacted 444:Northern Ireland (Elections) Act 1998 369:HM Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 7: 4846:Text of the Act of Settlement (1700) 4729:had died as a 9-year-old boy in 1641 3838:"Imperial Acts Application Act 1969" 2189:have praised the Act of Settlement: 1978:adding citations to reliable sources 757:, which declared that the flight of 670:as, though England and Scotland had 541:Text of the Act of Settlement (1700) 4745:Queen Anne; the Politics of Passion 4727:Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate 4705:Chronological Table of the Statutes 4635:Editorial Board (28 October 2011). 4081:"Succeeding to the Canadian throne" 3807:Coorey, Phillip (29 October 2011). 3748:from the original on 8 October 2021 3736:Brown, Andrew (18 September 2011). 3626:House of Commons Information Office 3061:European Convention on Human Rights 2693:Succession to the Throne Act (1937) 2318:Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate 2291:With the legitimate descendants of 917:] or Military, or to [ 224:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 209:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 5059:Constitution of the United Kingdom 4609:Watt, Nicholas (28 October 2011). 4475:Cheadle, Bruce (14 October 2011). 4398:"Fresh bid to reform monarchy law" 4371:Boswell, Randy (21 January 2011). 4284:Hilton, Adrian (8 November 2003). 3941:Spector, Norman (30 August 2007). 3866:. 6. Melbourne: Government Printer 3009:... Between Roman Catholicism and 2713:Succession to the Throne Act, 2013 2371:George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews 981:Eighth, that "no Pardon under the 783:Prince William, Duke of Gloucester 743:Prince William, Duke of Gloucester 718:. On 26 March 2015, following the 534:Revised text of statute as amended 343:Succession to the Throne Act, 2013 32:Act of Settlement (disambiguation) 25: 5124:History of Catholicism in England 5119:History of Christianity in Canada 5064:Acts of the Parliament of England 4708:, because acts passed before the 4681:The citation of this act by this 4534:Kennedy, Mark (29 October 2011). 4233:. 28 October 2011. Archived from 4134:The Crown and Canadian Federalism 3907:. 2. Westminster: Queen's Printer 3469:"The Statute of Westminster 1931" 3330:Toffoli, Gary (9 February 2013), 2489:reported on 6 November 1995 that 2377:, who married the Roman Catholic 2330:Anne Henriette, Princess of Condé 1930:administration that replaced the 409:Electoral Administration Act 2006 337:Succession to the Throne Act 2015 192:Succession to the Throne Act 1937 5109:Succession to the Canadian Crown 5018:Succession to the Crown Act 2013 4947:Succession to the British throne 4340:Cecil, Nicholas (8 March 2011). 4109:Vatican Insider, 23 January 2013 4032:"A few thoughts on the monarchy" 3302:Succession to the British throne 3260:Succession to the Crown Act 2013 2890:, requiring him or her to be an 2817: 2805: 2454:Succession to the Crown Act 2013 2364:Succession to the Crown Act 2013 2087:Succession to the Crown Act 2013 2018: 2012:Succession to the British throne 1954: 331:Succession to the Crown Act 2015 325:Succession to the Crown Act 2013 257: 243: 230: 215: 198: 184: 177: 164: 153: 139: 125: 111: 53: 5104:Succession to the British crown 4256:Dyer, Clare (6 December 2000). 3297:Royal Succession Bills and Acts 3040:, the "other empire", of which 2580:the Commonwealth of Australia. 2185:For different reasons, various 1965:needs additional citations for 865:of the German-speaking states. 5054:Constitutional laws of England 5003:Accession Declaration Act 1910 4162:"Let monarchy marry Catholics" 3717:. Royal Central. 26 March 2015 2768:Charter of Rights and Freedoms 2505:, Junior Home Office Minister 2418:Princess Beatrice of Edinburgh 2414:Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg 2077:Accession Declaration Act 1910 933:had to stand for a by-election 706:, whether by assumption or by 379:Accession Declaration Act 1910 1: 5044:Australian constitutional law 3628:. 1 June 2008. Archived from 3608:, pp. 537–561 at p. 547. 3196:Prime Minister of Saint Lucia 2688:Statute of Westminster (1931) 2523:Australian federal government 676:Union of England and Scotland 597:, she was a granddaughter of 354:Statute Law Revision Act 1950 4128:Jackson, D. Michael (2013). 3785:. BBC News. 27 February 1998 3287:List of New Zealand monarchs 3114:Succession to the Crown Bill 2503:Succession to the Crown Bill 2349:Sophia, Electress of Hanover 2137:Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex 976:Chief Baron of the Exchequer 925:British Nationality Act 1981 853:(Germany), then part of the 702:, but to those of the other 700:throne of the United Kingdom 449:Government of Wales Act 1998 359:British Nationality Act 1948 349:British Nationality Act 1981 5129:Anti-Catholicism in England 4765:Political Science Quarterly 4590:. BBC News. 28 October 2011 4012:. University College London 3925: 3887: 3657:. Retrieved 1 October 2019. 3544:The Jewish Quarterly Review 3437:Toporoski, Richard (1998). 3292:List of Australian monarchs 3200:Monarchist League of Canada 2876:Canadian constitutional law 2479:Prince William was to marry 2474:Statute of Westminster 1931 2449:Statute of Westminster 1931 2432:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent 2375:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent 2127:Princess Charlotte of Wales 1776:James Francis Edward Stuart 1448:Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg 806: – a granddaughter of 804:Electress Sophia of Hanover 429:Aliens’ Employment Act 1955 404:Army and Air Force Act 1961 5150: 4902:"Settlement, Act of" 3513:Snowden, Frank M. (2019). 3152: 2957: 2859: 2326:Louis Otto, Prince of Salm 2307:, the only other child of 2147:Princess Lilibet of Sussex 2100:Current line of succession 1596:Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 937:prohibition on resignation 39:United Kingdom legislation 29: 4725:Her only younger sibling 3979:Superior Court of Justice 3282:List of Canadian monarchs 2793:Canadian Human Rights Act 2658:Constitutional Act (1791) 2648:Royal Proclamation (1763) 2260:In addition to excluding 1938:, his brother-in-law the 1863: 1853: 1849: 1826: 1824: 1786: 1758: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1723: 1721: 1706: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1676: 1674: 1666: 1664: 1658: 1656: 1648: 1644: 1628: 1626: 1611: 1609: 1581: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1507: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1487: 1485: 1477: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1368: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1334: 1332: 1326: 1324: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1269: 1267: 1259: 1257: 1241: 1239: 1213: 1211: 1165: 1163: 1161: 1153: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1125: 1123: 989:by the House of Commons. 956:quamdiu se bene gesserint 561:. c. 2) is an act of the 459:Northern Ireland Act 1998 319:Royal Succession Act 2013 205:Commonwealth of Australia 52: 47: 4978:Coronation Oath Act 1688 3864:"Imperial Acts Act 1980" 3579:"Act of Settlement 1700" 3492:Melville, Lewis (1908). 3371:The Government of Canada 3365:Macgregor Dawson, Robert 3277:List of British monarchs 3099:Archbishop of Canterbury 2975:Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor 2673:Supreme Court Act (1875) 2638:Act of Settlement (1701) 2493:had said on that day to 2299:and her successor Queen 2215:Kingdom of Great Britain 2117:William, Prince of Wales 2052:Coronation Oath Act 1688 1619:(No legitimate children) 1098:Christian III of Denmark 769:and her husband/cousin, 668:Kingdom of Great Britain 147:Kingdom of Great Britain 91:Territorial extent 5094:Monarchy of New Zealand 4908:Encyclopædia Britannica 4893:8 November 2021 at the 4743:Somerset, Anne (2012). 4716:) (6 February 1701 NS). 4691:Interpretation Act 1978 4346:London Evening Standard 4114:24 January 2013 at the 3619:"The Chiltern Hundreds" 2947:Sylvana Palma Tomaselli 2783:Canadian Bill of Rights 2738:Unsuccessful amendments 2678:Constitution Act (1886) 2668:Constitution Act (1867) 2573:High Court of Australia 2535:Australian constitution 2507:Lord Williams of Mostyn 2379:Sylvana Palma Tomaselli 2256:Succession to the Crown 2142:Prince Archie of Sussex 2062:Claim of Right Act 1689 1204:Frederick II of Denmark 5049:Constitution of Canada 4993:Act of Settlement 1701 4685:was authorised by the 4456:. BBC. 12 October 2011 4286:"The price of liberty" 4118:. Retrieved 2013-01-23 3070: 3047: 2871: 2788:Implied bill of rights 2708:Constitution Act, 1982 2643:Treaty of Paris (1763) 2628:Implied bill of rights 2621:Constitutional history 2612: 2601:Constitution of Canada 2550:sovereign of Australia 2356:Prince Michael of Kent 2351: 2219:Parliament of Scotland 2122:Prince George of Wales 2067:Act of Settlement 1701 1893:Predeceased his mother 826:Conditional provisions 746: 724:absolute primogeniture 680:Parliament of Scotland 663: 5089:Monarchy of Australia 4883:on 26 September 2007. 4860:The Statutes at Large 4687:Short Titles Act 1896 3981:(Ontario, Canada) 3977: (26 June 2003), 3813:Sydney Morning Herald 3479:The National Archives 3439:"The Invisible Crown" 3403:(18 September 2014). 3169:private member's bill 3065: 3022: 2758:Constitutional debate 2698:Letters Patent (1947) 2633:Bill of Rights (1689) 2611: 2347: 2132:Prince Louis of Wales 983:Great Seal of England 960:judicial independence 847:Electorate of Hanover 737: 654: 618:Act of Supremacy 1558 563:Parliament of England 469:Armed Forces Act 2006 434:Armed Forces Act 1966 399:South Africa Act 1962 389:Short Titles Act 1896 251:Union of South Africa 60:Parliament of England 18:Hanoverian succession 5013:Perth Agreement 2011 3999: (16 March 2005) 2906:Parliament of Canada 2872:Acte d'établissement 2560:, by Australian law. 2521:In October 2011 the 2466:preference for males 2395:Anne, Princess Royal 2305:Elizabeth of Bohemia 2082:Perth Agreement 2011 1974:improve this article 1189:Mary, Queen of Scots 595:House of Wittelsbach 4988:Claim of Right 1689 4983:Bill of Rights 1689 4973:Succession Act 1543 4968:Succession Act 1536 4963:Succession Act 1533 3992:O'Donohue v. Canada 3970:O’Donohue v. Canada 3691:Naamani Tarkow 1943 3679:Naamani Tarkow 1943 3606:Naamani Tarkow 1943 3346:on 27 November 2013 3253:head of that Church 3095:Presbyterian polity 3051:Scottish Parliament 3013:there is, as Saint 3007:Crown-in-Parliament 2874:) is now a part of 2773:Canadian federalism 2663:Act of Union (1840) 2470:Commonwealth realms 2460:Amendment proposals 2445:Commonwealth realms 2387:Lady Marina Windsor 2373:, the elder son of 2286:Jacobite pretenders 2057:Bill of Rights 1689 2047:Succession Act 1543 2042:Succession Act 1536 2037:Succession Act 1533 1319:Dorothea of Denmark 949:Manor of Northstead 755:Bill of Rights 1689 751:Glorious Revolution 704:Commonwealth realms 692:Bill of Rights 1689 630:Glorious Revolution 559:12 & 13 Will. 3 513:Bill of Rights 1689 439:Solicitors Act 1974 83:12 & 13 Will. 3 44: 5084:Monarchy of Canada 4850:legislation.gov.uk 4798:The English Judges 4568:on 30 October 2011 4091:on 10 January 2013 4038:on 11 October 2011 3948:The Globe and Mail 3474:legislation.gov.uk 3449:on 9 February 2008 3237:The British group 3130:Conservative Party 3091:Church of Scotland 3063:, which provides, 2995:Anglican Communion 2930:The Globe and Mail 2751:Constitutional law 2613: 2565:Australia Act 1986 2558:Australia Act 1986 2410:Marie of Edinburgh 2381:in 1988. His son, 2352: 2195:David Lindsay Keir 2187:constitutionalists 1936:Earl of Huntingdon 1889:Duke of Gloucester 1587:Elector of Hanover 970:from removing Sir 890:Brunswick-Lüneburg 886:Elector of Hanover 747: 664: 659:sent to Electress 611:Hanoverian dynasty 545:legislation.gov.uk 424:Air Force Act 1955 133:Kingdom of Ireland 119:Kingdom of England 5134:Sophia of Hanover 5031: 5030: 4998:Act of Union 1706 4515:. 28 October 2011 4406:. 21 January 2009 4147:978-1-4597-0988-1 3975:2003 CanLII 41404 3771:, 6 November 1995 3635:on 3 October 2008 3524:978-0-300-19221-6 3232:Duke of Cambridge 3177:absolute cognatic 3149:Across the realms 2884:monarch of Canada 2858: 2857: 2812:Canada portal 2703:Canada Act (1982) 2653:Quebec Act (1774) 2328:, and his aunts; 2270:The Old Pretender 2242:Act of Union 1707 2236:), politics, and 2183: 2182: 2072:Act of Union 1706 2006: 2005: 1998: 1940:Earl of Scarsdale 1919: 1918: 1915: 1914: 945:Chiltern Hundreds 894:Holy Roman Empire 884:who was also the 855:Holy Roman Empire 835:Church of England 684:Scottish monarchs 661:Sophia of Hanover 657:Act of Settlement 655:Facsimile of the 626:Roman Catholicism 622:Church of England 591:Sophia of Hanover 565:that settled the 555:Act of Settlement 551: 550: 454:Scotland Act 1998 302:Other legislation 48:Act of Parliament 43:Act of Settlement 16:(Redirected from 5141: 4940: 4933: 4926: 4917: 4912: 4904: 4884: 4835: 4811: 4789: 4758: 4730: 4723: 4717: 4700: 4694: 4679: 4663: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4540:Montreal Gazette 4531: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4503: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4348:. 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Born into the 479:Regency Act 1705 364:Regency Act 1937 327:(United Kingdom) 265:Irish Free State 263: 261: 260: 249: 247: 246: 235: 234: 221: 219: 218: 203: 202: 189: 188: 182: 181: 169: 168: 159: 157: 156: 145: 143: 142: 131: 129: 128: 117: 115: 114: 92: 57: 56: 45: 21: 5149: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5099:Succession acts 5079:1701 in England 5034: 5033: 5032: 5027: 4949: 4944: 4899: 4895:Wayback Machine 4875: 4842: 4814: 4808: 4794:Stevens, Robert 4792: 4778:10.2307/2144947 4761: 4755: 4742: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4724: 4720: 4701: 4697: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4659: 4655: 4645: 4643: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4619: 4617: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4593: 4591: 4586: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4516: 4512:BBC News Online 4505: 4504: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4435: 4434:. 16 April 2011 4431:BBC News Online 4424: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4403:BBC News Online 4396: 4395: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4324: 4322: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4298:on 4 June 2007. 4283: 4282: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4223: 4222: 4213: 4206: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4173: 4171: 4167:BBC News Online 4160: 4159: 4155: 4148: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4116:Wayback Machine 4107: 4103: 4094: 4092: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4041: 4039: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4015: 4013: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3989: 3985: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3940: 3939: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3886: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3817: 3815: 3806: 3805: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3742:The Independent 3735: 3734: 3730: 3720: 3718: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3677: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3604: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3557:10.2307/1451130 3540: 3539: 3532: 3525: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3491: 3490: 3486: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3452: 3450: 3443:Monarchy Canada 3436: 3435: 3428: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3387: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3336: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3268: 3192:Stephenson King 3173:male-preference 3157: 3155:Perth Agreement 3151: 3107:House of Orange 3011:royal supremacy 2962: 2956: 2943:Lord St Andrews 2864: 2854: 2816: 2814: 2806: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2753: 2743: 2742: 2728: 2718: 2717: 2623: 2586: 2519: 2462: 2440: 2428:Duchess of Kent 2342: 2258: 2246:Treaty of Union 2223:Act of Security 2207: 2179: 2019: 2002: 1991: 1985: 1982: 1971: 1959: 1948: 1924: 1891: 1888: 1887:Prince William, 1791: 1790:Sophia Dorothea 1595: 1594:George William, 1586: 1576: 1552: 1447: 1311: 1027:House of Stuart 1024: 995: 939:by obtaining a 849:in what is now 828: 810:and a niece of 800: 732: 720:Perth Agreement 690:Along with the 678:. However, the 646:House of Stuart 609:, starting the 577:crowns to only 521: 520:Status: Amended 504: 503: 502: 488:1 Geo. 1. St. 2 464:Courts Act 2003 394:Aliens Act 1844 313: 297:6 February 1701 272: 271: 270: 258: 256: 244: 242: 229: 216: 214: 197: 183: 176: 163: 154: 152: 140: 138: 126: 124: 112: 110: 105: 90: 62: 54: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5147: 5145: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5036: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4959: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4943: 4942: 4935: 4928: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4897: 4885: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4853: 4841: 4840:External links 4838: 4837: 4836: 4812: 4806: 4790: 4772:(4): 537–561. 4759: 4754:978-0007203765 4753: 4738: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4718: 4695: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4664: 4653: 4627: 4601: 4579: 4552: 4526: 4495: 4467: 4445: 4417: 4389: 4363: 4352:on 28 May 2011 4332: 4301: 4276: 4248: 4237:on 30 May 2013 4211: 4204: 4181: 4153: 4146: 4120: 4101: 4085:Ottawa Citizen 4071: 4049: 4023: 4001: 3983: 3961: 3930: 3918: 3892: 3877: 3851: 3825: 3796: 3774: 3759: 3728: 3706: 3695: 3693:, p. 561. 3683: 3681:, p. 537. 3671: 3669:, p. 165. 3659: 3646: 3610: 3595: 3570: 3551:(2): 311–312. 3530: 3523: 3505: 3484: 3460: 3426: 3412: 3392: 3385: 3356: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3267: 3264: 3184:Stephen Harper 3181:Prime Minister 3159:In early 2011 3153:Main article: 3150: 3147: 3126:Michael Howard 3038:alter imperium 3020:He continued: 3002:Prince Charles 2955: 2954:United Kingdom 2952: 2938:Stephen Harper 2935:Prime Minister 2925:Norman Spector 2917:Peter Phillips 2896:a court action 2880:Tony O'Donohue 2856: 2855: 2853: 2852: 2845: 2838: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2824:Law portal 2800: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2729: 2724: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2624: 2619: 2618: 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Victoria 827: 824: 820:Church of Rome 812:King Charles I 808:James VI and I 799: 796: 749:Following the 731: 728: 599:James VI and I 549: 548: 537: 536: 530: 529: 523: 522: 519: 516: 515: 510: 506: 505: 501: 500: 497: 484: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 340: 334: 328: 322: 315: 314: 311: 310: 308: 304: 303: 299: 298: 295: 289: 288: 285: 279: 278: 274: 273: 269: 268: 254: 240: 227: 212: 195: 174: 173:(1922–present) 161: 150: 136: 122: 107: 106: 96: 95: 93: 87: 86: 80: 74: 73: 70: 64: 63: 58: 50: 49: 38: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5146: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 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