459:, which is also naturally present in the human body. Alitretinoin can be used to treat all forms of severe chronic hand eczema which have not reacted to external cortisone preparations. The effectiveness of this form of treatment has been tested extensively in clinical study programs and proven prior to its approval. The trial results showed that two thirds of patients did not have a recurrence 6 months after application of the medication, and that re-treatment is effective if hand eczema reoccurs. The duration of alitretinoin treatment is 3 to 6 months. During treatment and one month prior to beginning and one month after completion, women of childbearing-age must use contraceptives and also test for pregnancy each month since, as with all derivatives of vitamin A, the substance involved is
239:
56:
353:
replenishment of the natural oils and moisture contained in the skin with creams and salves free of fragrances and preservatives; this is an essential basic step. In addition, protection procedures developed especially for the individual's skin stresses must be applied, e.g. use of cotton or hypoallergenic plastic gloves. Depending on the individual's own needs, these procedures should continue after the hand eczema heals, since they will also have a preventive effect.
32:
186:, which has a genetic component. Individual hand eczema types are identified and named according to the main catalysts involved, i.e. cumulative-toxic, contact-allergenic, or atopic hand eczema. Activities that are stressful for the skin or involve repeated, excessive contact with water or skin-irritating substances at work or home can cause damage to the skin's protective abilities and increase the chances of
247:
315:
230:. Atopic diathesis is frequently accompanied by genetically conditioned problems with the skin's protective barriers, which causes a weakening of the skin's resistance against irritating substances and moisture, as well as easier penetration by allergens, which may lead to the development of contact allergies.
281:
While light hand eczema heals relatively quickly following dermatological therapy and patient participation, more pronounced hand eczema may persist over several weeks. Severe hand eczema is characterised by consistent or recurring, extended inflammation of the skin that severely affects the patient.
378:
cases seldom respond sufficiently and require long periods of treatment which can increase the risk of side effects occurring. In individual cases, and especially in the case of atopic hand eczema, the dermatologist may prefer to use cortisone-free, anti-inflammatory creams or salves, which include
112:
of the skin of the hands is referred to as hand eczema. Hand eczema is widely prevalent and, as it is a very visible condition associated with severe itching or pain, has serious consequences for the affected person including a high psychological impact. Different disease patterns can be identified
361:
External treatment should be oriented primarily according to the prevailing signs of illness. In the case of blister forming, drying treatments such as hand baths containing synthetic tannins or oily-moist preparations may hinder itching. If callus development exhibiting tear formation is present,
352:
Of primary importance is the strict removal and avoidance of catalysts for the development of chronic hand eczema, such as skin-irritating damage, excessive contact with water, or proven allergenic substances. Treatment of every type of hand eczema and degree of severity must include sustainable
302:
are the cause of the hand eczema. Discussion concerning frequency of contact with water, irritants, and allergens in private and professional environments will also help evaluate individual stresses on the patient's skin. The hands may also exhibit various other skin illnesses and potential
1073:
Ruzicka T, Lynde CW, Jemec GB, Diepgen T, Berth-Jones J, Coenraads PJ, et al. (April 2008). "Efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin (9-cis retinoic acid) in patients with severe chronic hand eczema refractory to topical corticosteroids: results of a randomized, double-blind,
406:
hand eczema. However, not all dermatologists or dermatology clinics offer this form of therapy, and it involves extended periods of treatment for the patient. A period of four to six weeks should involve 3–4 radiation sessions. The most frequently applied form of light therapy is
490:
Several factors adversely affect the long-term prognosis, including the development of the condition prior to the 20th birthday, the severity of initial manifestations, and eczema during childhood. Women, especially those under 30, are more frequently affected than men.
277:
Independent of the triggering cause or the prevailing signs of skin illness, the selection and planning of treatment options is important, since different types of illness also differ in terms of their degree of severity and the course of the illness.
194:
and promotes the development of contact dermatitis. Contact allergies play a very important role in the development of hand eczema. If the hand is subjected to repeated contact with a substance that leads to an allergy, the skin reacts with signs of
117:
hand eczema and usually differs from patient to patient. Successful treatment depends on determining the causes of the condition, obtaining an accurate diagnosis, sustainable hand protection procedures and an early, extensive, and where appropriate
203:
to an ingredient in shoe leather treatment may be the catalyst. Contact allergies in certain types of employment are especially problematic, particularly if the work involves the handling of allergenic materials, e.g. masonry work or hairdressing.
1361:
222:, hay fever, or allergic asthma often develop hand eczema. These sicknesses reflect the individual's particular susceptibility or genetic predisposition to react over-sensitively to various environmental influences. This is described as
431:
cases of hand eczema often also require systemic treatment. Various preparations are available for this. For acute, severe episodes exhibiting blister formation, internal cortisone preparations, sometimes in combination with certain
190:. This also applies to prolonged wearing of protective rubber gloves and similar materials, since sweating occurs within these gloves. Disturbance of the skin's protective barrier also facilitates penetration by
335:
Hand eczema is a complex condition, and treatment should only be administered by a dermatologist with specialist knowledge. Treatment may be very costly. Treatment should follow certain basic principles, and
599:
Molin S, Vollmer S, Weiss EH, Ruzicka T, Prinz JC (October 2009). "Filaggrin mutations may confer susceptibility to chronic hand eczema characterized by combined allergic and irritant contact dermatitis".
1031:"Oral alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) therapy for chronic hand dermatitis in patients refractory to standard therapy: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial"
298:
During diagnosis it is important to determine the type of hand eczema and plan specific treatment accordingly. An additional diagnosis of allergies will indicate whether contact allergies or
1152:
Bissonnette R, Worm M, Gerlach B, Guenther L, Cambazard F, Ruzicka T, et al. (February 2010). "Successful retreatment with alitretinoin in patients with relapsed chronic hand eczema".
864:
Van
Coevorden AM, Coenraads PJ, Svensson A, Bavinck JN, Diepgen TL, Naldi L, et al. (August 2004). "Overview of studies of treatments for hand eczema-the EDEN hand eczema survey".
182:
Three main factors play an essential role in the development of chronic hand eczema: excessive contact with water and irritants (cumulative-toxic stress), contact with allergens, and
162:
There are a number of different causes of skin inflammation of the hands, the interplay of which is also significant: environmental factors such as excessive water, contact with
737:
Diepgen TL, Elsner P, Schliemann S, Fartasch M, Köllner A, Skudlik C, et al. (May 2009). "Guideline on the management of hand eczema ICD-10 Code: L20. L23. L24. L25. L30".
146:
forms of the illness, and psychological impact is often very high. This impact is enhanced by the high visibility of the illness on the hands, which may lead to feelings of
374:
are often very effective. Topical corticosteroids are a standard treatment for hand eczema, but their efficacy in comparison to UV phototherapy is not clear. Severe and
1436:
772:
English J, Aldridge R, Gawkrodger DJ, Kownacki S, Statham B, White JM, Williams J (October 2009). "Consensus statement on the management of chronic hand eczema".
411:
therapy. This first treats the hands with a cream that contains an ingredient that causes the skin to become light-sensitive, the hands are then irradiated with
451:
In the last couple of years an internal medicine has been approved for the first time for the treatment of chronic hand eczema. This involves a derivative of
113:
according to the course of the illness, appearance of symptoms, degree of severity, or catalysts. Prognosis is hard to predict for individual cases of
487:
forms of hand eczema is estimated at 5–7%. Approximately 2–4% of hand eczema patients also report that external (topical) therapy is insufficient.
483:
of up to 10% in the general population. It is estimated that only 50–70% of people affected consult a doctor. The frequency of severe, chronic and
391:
1% gel monotherapy to be effective and well-tolerated (79% response rate for ≥50% clinical improvement; 39% response rate for ≥90% improvement).
344:(topical) applications with preparations containing effective ingredients or light therapy, an internal (systemic) therapy may be considered.
290:. Severe and chronic patterns of hand eczema are often resilient to treatment, making the condition extremely stressful for those affected.
1757:
1521:
1429:
1594:
218:. Patients should therefore be referred to an occupational-dermatological specialist as soon as possible. Patients with a history of
715:
520:
983:
Hanifin JM, Stevens V, Sheth P, Breneman D (March 2004). "Novel treatment of chronic severe hand dermatitis with bexarotene gel".
705:
286:
if it lasts at least 3 months in spite of dermatological treatment, or if it recurs at least twice within a period of 12 months
1402:
1631:
1589:
1422:
1684:
340:
and severe cases of hand eczema in particular require complex treatment concepts. Besides skin care, hand protection, and
1679:
1485:
463:. Side effects mainly include temporary headaches during the initial days of treatment, as well as a possible increase in
311:
must be ruled out. Usually, taking the patient's personal history into account will help provide an accurate diagnosis.
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1864:
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1505:
88:
1616:
1571:
643:
Sørensen, Jennifer A.; Clemmensen, Kim K.; Nixon, Rosemary L.; Diepgen, Thomas L.; Agner, Tove (December 2015).
1716:
106:
142:
may also occur. The quality of life of the affected person is seriously diminished, especially in the case of
1029:
Ruzicka T, Larsen FG, Galewicz D, Horváth A, Coenraads PJ, Thestrup-Pedersen K, et al. (December 2004).
258:
hand eczema is used to describe formations that mainly exhibit pronounced, itching blister formations, while
1541:
540:
415:(UV-A). After two days of treatment, a pause of one day must occur. Due to possible risks such as premature
238:
64:
934:
Christoffers WA, Coenraads PJ, Svensson Å, Diepgen TL, Dickinson-Blok JL, Xia J, Williams HC (April 2019).
1477:
448:
have also shown effectiveness in some cases. However, these substances are not approved for hand eczema.
99:
of all these conditions may not result in a definitive diagnosis, as all three conditions may demonstrate
1752:
412:
211:
may experience a flare-up of hand eczema if they use or consume products that use it as an ingredient.
568:
1798:
1657:
299:
227:
215:
183:
174:
disposition. A single catalyst is seldom responsible for the development of hand eczema in patients.
199:. Numerous people affected by hand eczema also experience skin inflammation on their feet. Often, a
83:
presents on the palms and soles, and may sometimes be difficult or impossible to differentiate from
55:
1854:
1847:
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1462:
341:
1810:
1769:
1561:
1500:
1283:
1231:
1200:
Diepgen TL, Agner T, Aberer W, Berth-Jones J, Cambazard F, Elsner P, et al. (October 2007).
1177:
1099:
1008:
889:
846:
797:
625:
581:
428:
419:
or chronic light damage caused to the skin, phototherapy cannot be considered for the long term.
403:
375:
337:
283:
143:
119:
114:
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84:
44:
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1815:
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200:
31:
1254:"The epidemiology of hand eczema in the general population--prevalence and main findings"
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1805:
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935:
444:, may also be used for severe, atopic hand eczema. Other substances that suppress the
371:
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values. Regular laboratory tests of blood values are recommended to monitor this.
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Der
Hautarzt; Zeitschrift für Dermatologie, Venerologie, und Verwandte Gebiete
480:
416:
388:
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324:
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314:
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100:
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The clinical appearance of various subtypes of hand eczema differs. The term
1774:
1382:
1379:
1376:
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308:
92:
1328:
1279:
1227:
1173:
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Besides skin care, skin protection, and an external treatment, severe and
1699:
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191:
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163:
135:
130:
Normally, skin inflammation connected with hand eczema is accompanied by
1414:
1353:
1708:
1396:
484:
362:
the focus should be on softening the skin with preparations containing
304:
287:
139:
131:
660:
234:
Differences according to prevailing signs of skin illness (morphology)
1365:
464:
259:
96:
479:
Hand eczema is a common condition: study data indicates a one-year
313:
245:
237:
223:
147:
1703:
408:
370:. In order to reduce inflammation, creams and salves containing
363:
214:
Severe and chronic eczema qualifies as one of the most frequent
1418:
1252:
Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Linneberg A, Menné T (February 2010).
327:
has been found to be helpful in the diagnosis of hand eczema.
348:
Avoidance of catalysts, basic procedures, and skin protection
645:"Tobacco smoking and hand eczema – is there an association?"
1303:"Fifteen-year follow-up of hand eczema: predictive factors"
440:, which is approved for treatment of severely pronounced
273:
Differences according to degree of severity and course
436:, may be helpful in the short term. The active agent
1343:
1834:
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739:
Journal der
Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
513:
63:
43:
24:
817:"Therapeutic options for chronic hand dermatitis"
95:, which also commonly involve the hands. Even a
1430:
1301:Meding B, Wrangsjö K, Järvholm B (May 2005).
8:
1024:
1022:
134:formation and pronounced itching, but solid
940:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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532:
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1423:
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1195:
1193:
1191:
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1066:
569:11370/1bf39816-6759-4494-90de-7b0cdbb9a1ae
541:"Hand eczema is common and multifactorial"
54:
30:
21:
1318:
1269:
1217:
1117:Molin S, Ruzicka T (September 2008). "".
1046:
959:
832:
567:
506:
504:
1307:The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
1074:placebo-controlled, multicentre trial".
548:The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
500:
262:and tear formations typically indicate
774:Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
402:can be effective in the treatment of
7:
1758:Hydroxyethyl starch-induced pruritus
511:James W, Berger T, Elston D (2005).
39:A picture of dyshidrotic hand eczema
1522:Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis
1202:"Management of chronic hand eczema"
907:Molin S, Ruzicka T (May 2009). "".
387:. A 55 patient trial found topical
242:hyperkeratotic fissured hand eczema
1595:Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis
1411:. American Academy of Dermatology.
1154:The British Journal of Dermatology
1076:The British Journal of Dermatology
985:The British Journal of Dermatology
866:The British Journal of Dermatology
685:. Dermnetnz.org. December 28, 2013
602:The British Journal of Dermatology
178:Differences according to catalysts
14:
1320:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23723.x
1271:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01669.x
1219:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01179.x
1166:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09572.x
1088:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08487.x
997:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05729.x
878:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06040.x
834:10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04025.x
786:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03649.x
751:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2009.07061.x
683:"Balsam of Peru contact allergy"
614:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09245.x
936:"Interventions for hand eczema"
1632:Hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis
1590:Autoimmune estrogen dermatitis
1399:. Toolkit for managing eczema.
952:10.1002/14651858.cd004055.pub2
1:
1841:substances taken internally:
1680:Nutritional deficiency eczema
1486:Pityriasis simplex capillitii
1639:Autosensitization dermatitis
1527:African blackwood dermatitis
1048:10.1001/archderm.140.12.1453
909:MMW Fortschritte der Medizin
282:Hand eczema is described as
1865:Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji
1670:Juvenile plantar dermatosis
707:Fisher's Contact Dermatitis
515:(10th ed.). Saunders.
103:and crusting on the hands.
89:allergic contact dermatitis
1902:
1617:Topical steroid withdrawal
1572:Protein contact dermatitis
539:Coenraads PJ (July 2007).
1685:Sulzberger–Garbe syndrome
1131:10.1007/s00105-008-1559-2
38:
29:
1717:Lichen simplex chronicus
1405:. University of Bristol.
1403:Moisturiser Decision Aid
1542:Abietic acid dermatitis
1035:Archives of Dermatology
379:calcineurin inhibitors
1409:Eczema Resource Center
560:10.1038/sj.jid.5700781
321:
251:
243:
216:occupational illnesses
1753:Drug-induced pruritus
1478:Seborrheic dermatitis
317:
249:
241:
192:allergenic substances
1799:Cholestatic pruritus
1789:due to liver disease
1658:Molluscum dermatitis
821:Dermatologic Therapy
1855:Nummular dermatitis
1848:Fixed drug reaction
1665:Circumostomy eczema
1463:Prurigo gestationis
1125:(9): 703–4, 706–9.
815:Warshaw EM (2004).
413:ultraviolet A light
207:People allergic to
1811:Prurigo pigmentosa
1770:Aquagenic pruritus
1562:Contact stomatitis
1501:Contact dermatitis
1397:Eczema Care Online
1258:Contact Dermatitis
1206:Contact Dermatitis
745:(Suppl 3): S1-16.
704:Fisher AA (2008).
649:Contact Dermatitis
423:Systemic treatment
357:External treatment
322:
252:
244:
126:Signs and symptoms
120:internal treatment
1873:
1872:
1784:Adult blaschkitis
1721:Prurigo nodularis
1612:Eyelid dermatitis
1552:Airbag dermatitis
1455:Atopic dermatitis
1392:
1391:
661:10.1111/cod.12429
85:atopic dermatitis
75:
74:
19:Medical condition
1893:
1821:Puncta pruritica
1794:Biliary pruritus
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305:fungal infection
250:fingertip eczema
184:atopic diathesis
107:Non-communicable
59:
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22:
1901:
1900:
1896:
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1894:
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1860:Pityriasis alba
1830:
1826:Uremic pruritus
1816:Prurigo simplex
1765:Senile pruritus
1741:Pruritus vulvae
1736:Pruritus scroti
1707:
1694:
1675:Nummular eczema
1576:
1557:Baboon syndrome
1503:
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946:(4): CD004055.
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300:atopy diathesis
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228:atopy diathesis
201:contact allergy
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20:
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1806:Prion pruritus
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1746:Scalp pruritus
1743:
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1690:Xerotic eczema
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1348:Classification
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1340:External links
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1041:(12): 1453–9.
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991:(3): 545–553.
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655:(6): 326–335.
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368:salicylic acid
358:
355:
349:
346:
332:
329:
295:
292:
274:
271:
264:hyperkeratotic
235:
232:
209:Balsam of Peru
179:
176:
170:, smoking and
159:
156:
127:
124:
73:
72:
67:
61:
60:
47:
41:
40:
36:
35:
27:
26:
18:
16:Skin condition
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1898:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:Dermatophytid
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:Breast eczema
1600:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1567:Metal allergy
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:Tulip fingers
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1468:Sweat allergy
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1212:(4): 203–10.
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1121:(in German).
1120:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1082:(4): 808–17.
1081:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
979:
976:
971:
967:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
930:
927:
922:
918:
914:
911:(in German).
910:
903:
900:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
872:(2): 446–51.
871:
867:
860:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
830:
827:(3): 240–50.
826:
822:
818:
811:
808:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
768:
765:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
733:
730:
719:
717:9781550093780
713:
709:
708:
700:
697:
684:
678:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
639:
636:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
595:
592:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
542:
535:
533:
529:
524:
522:0-7216-2921-0
518:
514:
507:
505:
501:
494:
492:
488:
486:
482:
474:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
446:immune system
443:
442:neurodermitis
439:
435:
430:
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
405:
401:
394:
392:
390:
386:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
356:
354:
347:
345:
343:
339:
330:
328:
326:
325:Patch testing
320:
316:
312:
310:
306:
301:
293:
291:
289:
285:
279:
272:
270:
269:hand eczema.
268:
265:
261:
257:
248:
240:
233:
231:
229:
225:
221:
220:neurodermitis
217:
212:
210:
205:
202:
198:
193:
189:
185:
177:
175:
173:
169:
165:
157:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
125:
123:
121:
116:
111:
108:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:
71:
70:Disfigurement
68:
66:
65:Complications
62:
57:
51:
48:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
1788:
1731:Pruritus ani
1728:by location:
1727:
1621:
1538:
1518:
1360:
1313:(5): 893–7.
1310:
1306:
1296:
1264:(2): 75–87.
1261:
1257:
1209:
1205:
1160:(2): 420–6.
1157:
1153:
1147:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1079:
1075:
1038:
1034:
988:
984:
978:
943:
939:
929:
915:(19): 35–7.
912:
908:
902:
869:
865:
859:
824:
820:
810:
780:(7): 761–9.
777:
773:
767:
742:
738:
732:
721:. Retrieved
706:
699:
687:. Retrieved
677:
652:
648:
638:
608:(4): 801–7.
605:
601:
594:
551:
547:
512:
489:
478:
475:Epidemiology
457:alitretinoin
450:
426:
400:Phototherapy
398:
395:Phototherapy
385:pimecrolimus
360:
351:
334:
323:
297:
280:
276:
253:
213:
206:
197:inflammation
188:inflammation
181:
161:
150:and fear of
138:and painful
129:
110:inflammation
105:
77:
76:
1643:Id reaction
1627:Dyshidrosis
1622:Hand eczema
1547:Diaper rash
469:cholesterol
461:teratogenic
438:ciclosporin
434:antibiotics
256:dyshidrotic
50:Dermatology
25:Hand eczema
1843:Bromoderma
1607:Ear eczema
1491:Cradle cap
1448:and eczema
1446:Dermatitis
723:2014-04-21
495:References
481:prevalence
417:skin aging
389:bexarotene
381:tacrolimus
319:Patch test
288:(relapsed)
101:spongiosis
1775:Aquadynia
1104:205256947
669:0105-1873
485:recurrent
465:blood fat
455:, called
453:vitamin A
372:cortisone
331:Treatment
309:psoriasis
294:Diagnosis
168:irritants
164:allergens
152:rejection
93:psoriasis
45:Specialty
1880:Category
1700:Pruritus
1648:Candidid
1510:irritant
1506:allergic
1329:15854027
1288:35849495
1280:20136890
1236:34639884
1228:17868211
1174:19906075
1139:18704345
1096:18294310
1057:15611422
1013:34134531
1005:15030340
970:31025714
921:19827442
894:35402103
886:15327553
851:42106294
843:15186370
802:16284541
794:19747339
759:19522920
689:March 5,
630:42736478
622:19538184
586:42174160
578:17568797
342:external
267:fissured
136:calluses
1709:Prurigo
1519:plants:
961:6484375
429:chronic
404:chronic
376:chronic
338:chronic
284:chronic
172:genetic
144:chronic
140:tearing
132:blister
115:chronic
1886:Eczema
1582:Eczema
1539:other:
1327:
1286:
1278:
1234:
1226:
1182:969137
1180:
1172:
1137:
1102:
1094:
1055:
1011:
1003:
968:
958:
919:
892:
884:
849:
841:
800:
792:
757:
714:
667:
628:
620:
584:
576:
519:
260:callus
158:Causes
97:biopsy
91:, and
80:eczema
52:
1835:Other
1284:S2CID
1232:S2CID
1178:S2CID
1100:S2CID
1009:S2CID
890:S2CID
847:S2CID
798:S2CID
626:S2CID
582:S2CID
544:(PDF)
224:atopy
148:shame
78:Hand
1704:Itch
1325:PMID
1276:PMID
1224:PMID
1170:PMID
1135:PMID
1092:PMID
1053:PMID
1001:PMID
966:PMID
944:2019
917:PMID
882:PMID
839:PMID
790:PMID
755:PMID
712:ISBN
691:2014
665:ISSN
618:PMID
574:PMID
517:ISBN
467:and
409:PUVA
364:urea
1383:L30
1380:L25
1377:L24
1374:L23
1371:L20
1362:ICD
1315:doi
1311:124
1266:doi
1214:doi
1162:doi
1158:162
1127:doi
1084:doi
1080:158
1043:doi
1039:140
993:doi
989:150
956:PMC
948:doi
913:151
874:doi
870:151
829:doi
782:doi
747:doi
657:doi
610:doi
606:161
564:hdl
556:doi
552:127
383:or
366:or
307:or
226:or
166:or
1882::
1508:,
1369::
1366:10
1323:.
1309:.
1305:.
1282:.
1274:.
1262:62
1260:.
1256:.
1244:^
1230:.
1222:.
1210:57
1208:.
1204:.
1190:^
1176:.
1168:.
1156:.
1133:.
1123:59
1098:.
1090:.
1078:.
1065:^
1051:.
1037:.
1033:.
1021:^
1007:.
999:.
987:.
964:.
954:.
942:.
938:.
888:.
880:.
868:.
845:.
837:.
825:17
823:.
819:.
796:.
788:.
778:34
776:.
753:.
741:.
710:.
663:.
653:73
651:.
647:.
624:.
616:.
604:.
580:.
572:.
562:.
550:.
546:.
531:^
503:^
154:.
122:.
87:,
1719:/
1706:/
1702:/
1641:/
1512:)
1504:(
1438:e
1431:t
1424:v
1364:-
1354:D
1331:.
1317::
1290:.
1268::
1238:.
1216::
1184:.
1164::
1141:.
1129::
1106:.
1086::
1059:.
1045::
1015:.
995::
972:.
950::
923:.
896:.
876::
853:.
831::
804:.
784::
761:.
749::
743:7
726:.
693:.
671:.
659::
632:.
612::
588:.
566::
558::
525:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
