Handley Page Halifax - Knowledge (XXG)

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speed of 265 mph (426 km/h) and a maximum speed (in 'Full Speed' supercharger mode) of 309 mph (497 km/h) at 19,500 ft (5,900 m). Halifax crews, though admittedly not unbiased, considered the MkIII Halifax to be the equal of any other bomber, including the Lancaster, and further improved versions (with more powerful Hercules engines) to be superior to all. The improvement in the Halifax MKIII's performance could be measured objectively. In 1943 4 Group's Halifax squadrons flew 11,607 sorties for a loss of 485 aircraft, a loss rate of 4.2%. Halifax MKIII production started in early Autumn 1943 and for 1944, when the MkIII constituted an increasing percentage of the Halifax force, 4 Group flew 25,454 sorties for a loss of 402 aircraft, a loss rate of 1.6%.

1844: 1187: 1824: 348:. These designs put significant demands on engine production and maintenance, both of which were already stretched with the introduction of many new types of aircraft into service. Power limitations were so serious that the British invested heavily in the development of huge engines in the 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) class to improve performance. However, during the late 1930s, none of these engines were ready for production. Meanwhile, the United States, France, Germany and the Soviet Union were developing bombers powered with four engines with favourable results, including excellent range and lifting capacity. Accordingly, in 1936, the RAF decided to investigate the feasibility of a four-engined bomber. 3154: 531: 468: 329: 321: 1588: 3020: 1395: 1081:, primarily of its bomb-carrying capability: an average Halifax was calculated to drop 100 tons of bombs in its lifetime, compared to a Lancaster's 154. Harris continued to have a poor opinion of the Halifax, despite the fact that later Hercules-engined machines had lower loss rates and higher crew survival rates after abandoning the aircraft than Lancasters, and came very close to the Lancaster's speed and altitude performance. The Halifax was progressively outnumbered in front-line service over occupied Europe as more Lancasters became available from 1943 onwards; many squadrons converted to the Lancaster. 3087: 1500: 1782: 903:, enabling the Halifax B.I to attain a maximum speed of 265 mph (426 km/h) at 17,500 ft (5,300 m). With a typical payload of 5,800 lb (2,600 kg) of bombs and 2,242 imp gal (10,190 L; 2,693 US gal) of fuel, it had a range of 1,860 mi (2,990 km). The defensive armaments included power-assisted gun turrets in various positions located across the aircraft. Different models of the Halifax used different numbers and combinations of turrets, effectively trading speed for firepower and vice versa. 1572: 922: 2034: 2086: 963: 2187: 2858: 2664: 2689: 2563: 2045: 1155: 2983: 751:, and Merlin 22 engines. The rudder overbalance / directional instability with engine(s) out problem was solved on the Mk.III with the fitting of a larger D type fin (40% bigger) and modified rudder. The Mk.III Halifax had satisfactory stability in all axes, and in fact were more stable in a dive than a Lancaster. A Lancaster tended to go deeper into a dive whereas a Halifax had to be forced to stay in the dive as the speed increased, i.e. it naturally flew out of a dive. 1436: 2006: 2880: 2711: 2322: 2815: 2973:– the airborne operation in support of crossing the Rhine. Completed three supply drops in Norway and Denmark in March and April 1945. On the fourth sortie, 23 April 1945, piloted by Alexander Turnbull, NA337 was sent to drop 13 supply containers and two packages at Mikkelsberget, Norway. After a successful drop, it was hit by flak in the starboard wing at 0131 hours on 24 April. After both starboard engines caught fire, NA337 ditched in 930:

partition. On the floor just behind the front turret (or later the nose) was the escape hatch. This was 24 in × 26.5 in (61 cm × 67 cm), the same size as the Stirling, and slightly larger than the 22 in × 26.5 in (56 cm × 67 cm) for the Lancaster. On average 25% of Halifax and Stirling crews successfully bailed out from a damaged aeroplane, but only 15% did so from Lancasters.

3146: 1651: 1051: 2651: 2245: 2628: 2836: 2592: 2274: 2209: 844: 42: 938:'s compartment with controls on the bulkhead. Another compartment aft of the flight engineer contained two bunks originally intended for resting crew members, but almost always used for treating and berthing injured crew. This area led to the two-gun dorsal turret. The tail gunner occupied a four-gun turret at the extreme aft end of the aircraft. 2022: 1089: 720: 1032:. Pathfinder crews flying the Halifax would mark routes and identify and mark targets for the Main Force. Effective marking greatly increased the accuracy and destructive power of Bomber Command. As a Pathfinder and Main Force aircraft, the Halifax was a core part of the bombing offensive against Germany and its Axis allies. 1313:. Upon the end of the conflict, Bomber Command quickly disbanded the majority of its Halifax-equipped squadrons; the aircraft themselves were transferred to Transport Command. During the type's service with Bomber Command, Halifaxes flew 82,773 operations and dropped 224,207 tons of bombs. 1,833 aircraft were lost. 912: 1281:

were given a high priority; these targets were attacked right up until the end of the war. According to Moyes, within the final few months, bomber losses had fallen to all-time lows while raids were frequently regarded as having been highly successful. During the final months of the war the improved

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Hydromatic propellers and a wider wing span with rounded wing tips. With the coming of the MkIII the Halifax's performance finally matched that of the Lancaster though the latter had a larger bomb load and could take larger bombs. The B.VI Halifax's performance improved still further with a cruising

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missions. After the war, six ex-RAF Halifax-BVIs were purchased in 1949. Due to their high operational costs, the RPAF Commanders decided not to enlarge the Halifax fleet too much. These airplanes were later transferred to the newly raised No. 12 Squadron PAF, where they were only used in emergency

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In February 1937, following consideration of the designs, the Air Ministry selected Avro's submission, with Handley Page's bid chosen as "second string". Accordingly, during April 1937, the Air Ministry ordered two prototypes of each design. The introduction of the successful P.13/36 candidates was

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Definitive Coastal Command variant of the GR.II with glazed nose mounting .50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun, Merlin XX or 22 engines, B-P A-type dorsal turret and extra long-range fuel tanks in fuselage. A ventral turret with a single .50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun was mounted on most

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on 12 May 1944. During the excavation, the bodies of three crew members were recovered and later given proper burial. Several items from the plane were used in restoration of NA337, while other items were transferred to museums. The airframe was melted down and used to construct the ceiling of the

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The maximum bomb load was 14,500 lb (6,600 kg), which was primarily carried in a bomb bay housed within the fuselage, divided into six separate bomb compartments, with three bomb compartments in the inboard sections of each wing; this division of the payload between multiple compartments

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Introduction of 1,390 hp (1,040 kW) Merlin XX engines and a twin .303 in (7.7 mm) dorsal turret instead of waist guns resulted in the Halifax B Mk.II Series I. The Mk.II Series I (Special) achieved improved performance via the removal of the nose and dorsal turrets. The Halifax

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powered by a pair of Vulture engines, but was only built in limited quantities after suffering substantially from engine-related difficulties. The four-engine redesign increased its wingspan from 88 ft (27 m) to 99 ft (30 m) and added 13,000 pounds (5,900 kg) of weight. In

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While the early-built models of the Halifax were heavily used by Bomber Command and made valuable contributions to operations, the aircraft's performance was considered unsatisfactory for the most part, mainly due to the underpowered Merlin engine, which meant that it could not fly at the higher

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The Halifax was produced in large numbers during the war and over 40%, or 4,046 of the 10,018 heavy bombers produced in Britain between 1940 and 1944 were Halifaxes. In all, 6,178 Halifaxes were built, the last delivered in April 1945. At the peak, 41 separate factories and dispersed units were

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The Halifax Mk.I was quickly followed by 25 of the Mk.I Series II; these featured an increased gross weight from 58,000 lb (26 t) to 60,000 lb (27 t) but with maximum landing weight unchanged at 50,000 lb (23 t). The Halifax Mk.I Series III featured increased fuel

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The bomb aimer's position was in the extreme nose with the navigator's table located behind it, both roles fulfilled by the same crew member. Above the navigator's position was the forward gun turret. The wireless (radio) operator was behind the navigator's position, separated by a half-width

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The Halifax B Mk.IV was a converted B Mk.II non-production design using the Rolls-Royce Merlin 65 engine with a two-stage supercharger and a four bladed propeller fitted. This resulted in an increase in top speed by 60 mph (97 km/h) to 324 mph (521 km/h) at 19,000 ft

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of Bomber Command, described the Halifax as inferior to the rival Lancaster (in part due to its smaller payload) though this opinion was not shared by many of the crews that flew it. Nevertheless, production of the Halifax continued until April 1945. During their service with Bomber Command,

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engines. Such was the promise of the new model that, in January 1938, the RAF chose to place their first production order for the type, ordering 100 Mk.I Halifaxes "off the drawing board", at which point the serials which had already been assigned to the H.P.56 were switched to the H.P.57.

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Handley Page were initially disappointed with the performance of the Halifax which was below their predictions, much of this was because they had under estimated the aircraft's drag. The Mk.III Halifax had a wider span of 103 ft 8 in (31.60 m) and had significantly improved

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Modified with new glazed nose section, Merlin XX or 22 engines, new square Morris radiators and new "D" fin and rudder. The dorsal turret was changed to a four-gun Boulton Paul Type A Mk.VIII, and there were improvements to the bomb bay door sealing. Some aircraft were fitted with the

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Starting with the Halifax Mk.II Series IA and from the Mk.III onwards, the nose turret was deleted; instead the bomb-aimer occupied a streamlined perspex nose containing a single hand-held machine gun. On later-built aircraft, the two-gun dorsal turret was replaced by a four-gun

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engines. B.III bombers were fitted with transparent nose dome with single machine gun, Boulton Paul dorsal turret with four guns and tail turret with four guns. All but first few had longer wing with rounded wingtips that increased wingspan to 104 ft 2 in (31.75 m). 2,091

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The most numerous Halifax variant was the much improved B Mk.III of which 2,091 were built. First appearing in 1943, the Mk.III featured the Perspex nose and modified tail of the Mk.II Series IA but replaced the Merlin with the more powerful 1,650 hp (1,230 kW)

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The pilot sat on the left side in the cockpit above the wireless operator. The flight engineer filled in as a co-pilot, seated on a folding seat to the right of the pilot, during crucial manoeuvres such as take-off. Aft of the pilot and set lower than the pilot was the

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The definitive version of the Halifax was the B Mk.VI, powered by the 1,800 hp (1,300 kW) Hercules 100. The final bomber version, the Mk.VII, reverted to the less powerful Hercules XVI. However, these variants were produced in relatively small quantities.

1047:(RCAF) squadrons, also adopted the Halifax around the same time, and would go on to operate it in each of its 14 squadrons, although it was never solely equipped with the type. At its peak strength, Bomber Command operated a total of 76 Halifax-equipped squadrons. 716:

capacity (1,882 imp gal (8,560 L; 2,260 US gal), and larger oil coolers, the latter of which having been adopted in order to accommodate the Merlin XX engine. A dorsally-mounted two-gun Boulton Paul Type C turret replaced the beam guns.

1100:, he stated: "My Dear Handley Page. We much appreciate your telegram of congratulation on Saturday night's work, the success of which was very largely due to your support in giving us such a powerful weapon to wield. Between us we will make a job of it." 1115:

became incapable of putting up effective opposition against allied air forces. The Halifax also found itself being increasingly tasked with transport duties around this time; in one instance, around half a million gallons of petrol was delivered to

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X engines; the first production version. Armament consisted of nose turret with two guns, tail turret with four guns and two beam guns. Recognizable from large deep radiator intakes containing circular Gallay radiators and oil cooler. 50

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The first production standard Halifax, the Mk.I, had a 22 ft (6.7 m) long bomb bay and six wing bomb cells, and could carry a 13,000 lb (5,900 kg) load. Defensive armament consisted of two .303 in (7.70 mm)

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Generally similar to the aircraft used by the SOE, these were employed in the bombing role. These aircraft were more varied in appearance, especially concerning the fitting of dorsal armament with some aircraft retaining the standard

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at 0145 hours. All but one crew member, Thomas Weightman, died of hypothermia. It was discovered in 1991 by Tore Marsoe and Rolf Liberg, and further raised in 1995 by Halifax 57 Rescue. Restoration was completed in November 2005.

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The remaining variants were the Halifax C Mk.VIII, an unarmed transport that was fitted with an 8,000 lb (3,600 kg) cargo pannier instead of a bomb bay, which could accommodate a maximum of 11 passengers and the Mk A IX

766:-built landing gear were used on some aircraft instead. As it was incompatible with the Messier equipment, this led to these Halifax bombers being given new designations: a Mark II built with Dowty gear was the Mark V. The use of 278:

layout and increased payload. It remained in service with Bomber Command until the end of the war, performing a variety of duties in addition to bombing. Specialised versions of the Halifax were developed for troop transport and

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operations in the Berlin airlift. With the airfreight market in decline, most of the civilian Halifaxes were scrapped on their return to England. The last civilian-operated Halifaxes were withdrawn from service in late 1952.

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engines. All of these engines were under development and while four-engined bomber designs were considered for specification B.12/36 for a heavy bomber, wings mounting two pairs of engines required additional testing at the

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Production of the Halifax continued, supposedly because it was more efficient to keep building it than to stop its production and convert to building another aircraft. But any new facilities were devoted to the Lancaster.

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During July 1937, Handley Page was instructed to redesign the H.P.56 to use four engines. The Vulture had already been suffering reliability and performance problems. The rival Avro 679 proceeded into service as the

1250:(SOE). As a glider tug the Halifax was superior to the Lancaster, the Halifax Mk.III's 59,400 lb (26,900 kg) "tug weight at take off" was higher than a Lancaster Mk.II's 52,800 lb (23,900 kg). 1182:

on the night of 30/31 March 1944. Barton continued to fly the Halifax while other crew members bailed out. He was killed in the aircraft's crash-landing, but the remaining crew survived due to his actions.

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Projected variant with revised armament including 20 mm (0.787 in) cannon and no tail turret. Due to problems with the new armament, the project was cancelled and the Mk.II designation given to

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Following the invasion of Europe in 1944, the Halifax resumed daylight bombing operations, performing semi-tactical strikes upon enemy troop concentrations, gun emplacements, and strongpoints of the

1006:, targeting the area around the docks and any shipping that might be present. The existence of the Halifax was not officially acknowledged until July 1941, after it was used in a daylight attack on 916:

Looking upward and rearward from the navigator's position : wireless operator at lower right; pilot at upper right; flight engineer in his usual inflight position at upper left behind the pilot

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According to some sources, a handful of the airborne forces Halifaxes were converted into B.IIs. If this is true they might have been designated A.II or may have retained their bomber designations.

1151:, no bombers were downed and the refinery was severely damaged in places. Attacks upon oil production facilities throughout Germany would become commonplace within the remaining months of the war. 892:

instead of using the typical, slimmer Rolls-Royce counterpart; despite generating increased drag, this in-house design was readily adaptable to the alternative Hercules engine on later aircraft.

495:, was performed by chief test pilot Jim Cordes with E A 'Ginger' Wright as flight test observer on 25 October 1939. During this flight, the undercarriage was locked down as a safety precaution. 774:

in the Dowty undercarriage had resulted in an increased production rate but had also led to a reduced landing weight of 40,000 lb (18,000 kg). The Halifax Mark V were manufactured by

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During the latter half of 1944, the bombing of German-held oil facilities became a major priority of the offensive. On 27 August, a force of 216 Halifax bombers, alongside smaller numbers of

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engines with slimmer coolers, introduced new twin-gun Boulton Paul type C upper turret in place of beam guns, with revised undercarriage and additional centre-section fuel tanks. 9 produced.

3074:. W1048 made her attack at 03:00 hours, during which she was hit by the intense flak which set the starboard outer engine on fire. Pilot Don MacIntyre made a wheels-up landing on frozen 712:

performance. Arguably the Merlin engine did not suit the Halifax as much as the Hercules (fitted from the Mk.III on) which suited the Halifax better both aerodynamically and power wise.

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Harris's view of the Halifax changed sometime after spring 1942. On 2 June 1942, in a response to a telegram sent by Frederick Handley Page, congratulating Harris on the success of the

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A number of former RAF Halifax C.8s were sold from 1945 and used as freighters by a number of mostly British airlines. In 1948, 41 civilian Halifax freighters were used during the

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Halifax B Mk.II Series 1 : flight engineer on the fold-down seat next to the pilot, ready to assist with the throttles for takeoff, with front gunner and navigator seen below.

3007:, 13 January 1945. Fuselage was purchased by a chicken farmer and used as a coop. Recovered and restored in 1984 using parts from Halifaxes LW687 and JP158 as well as wings from 1021:. At the end of 1941, the Halifax was withdrawn from daylight bombing operations after intensifying fighter opposition had increased the casualty rates to unsustainable levels. 6103: 454:

prototypes commenced in March 1938. Further design modifications resulted in the definitive aircraft, now considerably enlarged and powered by four 1,280 hp (950 kW)

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in beam (side, or "waist") positions. Subtle modifications distinguished the Mk.I aircraft. Aircraft of the first batch of fifty Mk.I Halifaxes were designated Mk.I Series I.

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Halifaxes flew 82,773 operations and dropped 224,207 long tons (227,805 t) of bombs, while 1,833 aircraft were lost. The Halifax was also flown in large numbers by other

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was installed; note the early triangular fins. This aircraft crashed in June 1942 as a result of an engine fire. All on board were killed, including the electronic engineer

1643:(SOE) used to drop supplies over Europe. Nose armament and dorsal turret removed, the nose being faired over, as well as changes to the fuel vent pipes and exhaust shrouds. 6561: 6170: 3116:. Halifax 57 Rescue was also involved the recovery and subsequent burial of three crew members. Parts were used to restore NA337, and the rest was melted down for the 4315: 4238: 3082:

but the aircraft sank 12 hours later. It was discovered by divers in 1971 and recovered on 30 June 1973 by the RAF Sub-Aqua Association. It has been left unrestored.

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altitudes needed to avoid enemy fighters, which were becoming increasingly effective throughout 1943. This was answered by the Halifax Mk.III, which was powered by

1074:. By January 1944, the Hercules-powered Halifax was available in quantity and quickly proved to have superior performance in the face of German fighter defences. 303:. A dedicated civil transport variant, the Handley Page Halton, was also developed and entered airline service; 41 civil Halifax freighters were used during the 2286: 1843: 3100:

Halifax NA337 and LW682A have been recovered by a Canadian group, Halifax 57 Rescue. Halifax NA337 was recovered in 1995 from 750 ft (230 m) under

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A handful of aircraft converted from Series I or Special to GR.II standard, having differences in dorsal armament. The main difference was the fitting of a

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Four-engined long-range heavy-bomber, powered by four 1,615 hp (1,204 kW) Bristol Hercules XVI radial engines. Round wing tips. Armament as B.III

6165: 1309:. While the type continued to fly operations after this, these were primarily diversions to other operations and sporadic, uncoordinated attacks against 1691:"Type C" turret in different mounts with others mounting a "Type A" turret. There were also examples with no dorsal turret, similar to the SOE-aircraft. 234:

The Halifax performed its first flight on 25 October 1939, and entered service with the RAF on 13 November 1940. It quickly became a major component of

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Early on, Air Chief Marshal Arthur Harris, head of Bomber Command, was scathing in his criticism of the Halifax's performance in comparison to the new

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By 1947, the majority of Halifax bombers were deemed to be surplus and scrapped. The Halifax remained in widespread service with Coastal Command and

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bombers. In mid-1937, it was decided to order both the Avro 679 and H.P.56 designs "off the drawing board" in order to speed up delivery timetables.

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and 51,000 employees, with one Halifax completed every hour. The first English Electric-built aircraft was flown from Samlesbury on 15 August 1941.

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defences along the French coast with a reportedly high degree of accuracy. Other common targets were enemy communications and the launch sites for

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transport, which had space for up to 16 paratroopers and their equipment. A transport/cargo version of the Halifax was also produced, known as the

491:(the nearest non-operational RAF airfield with suitable facilities) for reassembly. The first flight of the first prototype Halifax, serial number 6175: 3412: 1486:

L7245 – Second prototype first flew from Radlett on 17 August 1940 and was more representative of the production configuration including armament.

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became the last military user of the type. In 1947, the RPAF inherited two Halifax bombers from the RAF which were later heavily used during the

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engines; according to aviation author Phillip J. R. Moyes, this redesign to four Merlin engines was done "much against the company's wishes".

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Halifax Mk.VI and Mk.VII were introduced. In particular, these models had been 'tropicalised' with an eye towards their potential use in the

550:. In order to speed up production, Handley Page implemented several new manufacturing techniques, including two pioneering approaches: photo- 1587: 6246: 4379: 2900: 2743: 530: 467: 328: 320: 1297:

On 25 April 1945, the Halifax performed its last major operation against the enemy in WWII during an attack upon coastal gun batteries on

1139:, conducted the first major daylight operation by Bomber Command against a target inside Germany that year, attacking the oil refinery at 6648: 6089: 4948: 3105: 2952: 794:

and for training purposes. Some 904 had been built when Mark V production ended at the start of 1944, compared to 1,966 Halifax Mk.IIs.

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nose (this nose became standard upon future Halifax variants), a four-gun Boulton Paul Type A dorsal turret similar to that used in the

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limited the maximum size of the individual bombs which could be completely enclosed to 2,000 lb (910 kg); when carrying the

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The sizeable production run envisioned required the involvement of several other companies in addition to Handley Page. The resulting

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operations. After the Second World War, the RAF quickly retired the Halifax, the type being succeeded as a strategic bomber by the

1394: 3417: 519: 1414:, operating 4,653 sorties carrying freight and 3,509 carrying bulk diesel fuel. Nine aircraft were lost during the airlift. The 6618: 6221: 6180: 4924:– the true story of RCAF pilot Herbert Krentz, the sole survivor when his Halifax Mk.V was shot down over Germany in early 1944 3469: 3331: 3134: 3086: 2763: 1399: 1226:

in the vicinity of enemy-held ports. It served increasingly in other support capacities as the war progressed, being used as a

866:. The Halifax featured all-metal construction with a smooth, stressed skin covering the majority of the exterior surfaces; the 3464:

included 131 Halifaxes and 73 Lancasters; The attack on Berlin on 28 February 1943 included 252 Halifaxes and 457 Lancasters;

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and split construction. In the latter capacity, each Halifax was built from various sub-assemblies. Surface panels were flush-

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Four-engined long-range heavy-bomber, powered by four 1,615 hp (1,204 kW) Bristol Hercules XVI radial engines with

4043: 814:(5,800 m). Due to a shortage of Merlins with two stage superchargers production of the B Mk.IV was not proceeded with. 4323: 4246: 1499: 422:(RAE). A stronger wing also required additional strengthening of the overall aircraft structure, increasing design weight. 6556: 4276: 3039: 2262: 1067: 1015: 967: 877:

The Halifax was powered by four engines, two on each wing. Early production Halifax bombers were powered by models of the

6196: 5841: 5239: 1781: 1640: 1290:. While some of these Mk.VI and Mk.VII machines were deployed to the theatre, they played little meaningful role as the 1247: 1121: 1002:. Its operational debut occurred on the night of 10–11 March 1941, when six Halifax bombers flew a bombing raid against 419: 4766:

The Unbeaten Warrior Returns: The Story of Reconstructing the Handley Page Halifax at the Yorkshire Air Museum, 1983–96

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Interim civil transport version; postwar, a number of Halifax bombers were converted into civilian transport aircraft.

1379: 1291: 973: 518:. In September 1941, a production Halifax Mk.I participated in an official naming ceremony of the type, officiated by 427: 4298: 2768: 1571: 921: 6638: 6579: 6288: 6051: 5882: 5846: 5369: 5254: 2895: 2738: 2058: 1772:

Some sources suggest that there were a meteorological variant of the B.II, designated Met.II, but this is unlikely.

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upon acceptance. This name followed the practice of naming heavy bombers after major towns, which in this case was

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Throughout early 1945, the Halifax was frequently dispatched against cities within the German homeland, including

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had been entirely equipped with the Halifax, and would continue to operate the aircraft until the end of the war.

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for "world-wide use." The H.P.56 was ordered as a backup to the Avro 679, both aircraft being designed to use the

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Built by Handley Page. 58 Squadron. Flew 67 sorties between 15 July 1943 and 9 December 1944. Crash landed near

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radar in an H2S type fairing. Sometimes, a .50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun was fitted in the faired nose.

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Handley Page built the assemblies and components at Cricklewood and the aircraft were assembled and flown from

296: 260: 102: 874:, which contained the majority of the Halifax's payload, while the cockpit was flush with the upper fuselage. 572:

was established to oversee the manufacturing programme, comprising English Electric (who had previously built

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suitable for "world-wide use". Further requirements of the specification included the use of a mid-mounted

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Falconer, J: Handley Page Halifax 1939 onwards (all marks) Owners' Workshop Manual, Haynes 2016, page 29.

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in 1948. RPAF Halifaxes flew several sorties in support of Pakistani and Kashmiri forces (notably in the

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Various improved versions of the Halifax were introduced, incorporating more powerful engines, a revised

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Warner, Guy (July–August 2002). "From Bombay to Bombardier: Aircraft Production at Sydenham, Part One".

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which, while regarded as unsuccessful mainly due to the Vulture engine, was a direct predecessor of the

110: 5144: 2800: 1708:

A few Mk.IIs were employed in the transport role in Great Britain (unmodified SOE-aircraft) and in the

3897: 2982: 2910: 2753: 1662:, with a faired-over nose. During April–May 1942, this aircraft took part in a number of raids on the 287:, an advanced derivative of the Lancaster. During the post-war years, the Halifax was operated by the 6628: 6566: 6330: 6144: 6041: 5995: 5877: 5872: 5862: 5852: 5409: 5364: 5359: 5349: 5319: 5294: 5289: 5279: 5274: 5264: 4899: 3254: 3049: 3012: 2998: 2962: 2826: 2789: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2297: 2232: 2226: 1856: 1852: 1828: 1786: 1713: 1592: 1576: 1326: 1195: 1175: 1136: 1066:

in place of the Merlins. Introduced into service in November 1943, the Mk.III was first delivered to

888:. To contain and attach the engines to the airframe, Handley Page developed their own design for the 748: 573: 543: 6081: 4402:"Fishing For Halibags – Retrieving a Halifax Bomber from the Irish Sea > Vintage Wings of Canada" 6469: 6272: 6046: 6025: 6015: 6010: 5990: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5893: 5867: 5857: 5826: 5821: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5709: 5674: 5669: 5654: 5619: 5604: 5599: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5469: 5439: 5354: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5314: 5309: 5259: 5249: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5179: 5174: 5159: 5154: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5048: 5033: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 3057: 2966: 2905: 2870: 2794: 2676: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2301: 1659: 1504: 1207: 995: 682: 656: 371: 212: 159: 3436:

The aircraft were assembled at Leavesden from components and assemblies manufactured around London

1435: 6586: 6401: 6360: 6320: 6280: 6211: 6129: 6020: 5539: 5534: 5389: 5169: 5058: 3061: 2257: 2199: 1876: 1832: 1539: 1522: 1480: 1403: 1321: 1231: 1140: 999: 878: 455: 444: 431: 288: 235: 216: 4371: 2604: 2575: 4786:(Aircraft in Action series, No. 66). Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1984. 2779: 2701: 1466:

Proposed twin-engine bomber aircraft, fitted with two Rolls-Royce Vulture engines, never built.

1024:

In the second half of 1942, No. 35 Squadron and four other squadrons were selected to form the

6530: 6426: 6396: 6005: 5831: 5474: 5269: 4917: 4866: 4844: 4802: 4787: 4769: 4750: 4731: 4706: 4677: 4662: 4647: 4632: 4605: 4586: 4570: 4555: 4540: 4525: 4510: 4492: 4476: 4146: 3501: 3257:

14-cylinder air-cooled sleeve-valve radial piston engines, 1,615 hp (1,204 kW) each

3184:

7 (pilot, co-pilot/flight engineer, navigator, bomb aimer, radio operator/gunner, two gunners)

2970: 2748: 2733: 1918:

Coastal Command variant. Halifax B.VI bombers converted into maritime reconnaissance aircraft.

1423: 1358: 1235: 1199: 562: 488: 2728: 1894:

Coastal Command variant. Halifax B.V bombers converted into maritime reconnaissance aircraft.

1178:

for displaying great gallantry in bringing his heavily damaged aircraft back after a raid on

870:

were an exception, being fabric-covered instead. The slab-sided fuselage contained a 22-foot

6535: 6520: 6479: 6474: 6454: 6438: 6411: 6391: 6355: 6315: 3109: 3045: 2947: 1798: 1630: 1612: 1415: 1060: 1040: 1025: 951: 882: 799: 539: 414: 292: 228: 181: 1354:

situations. Gradually, they were transferred to long term storage and were later scrapped.

6525: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6484: 6416: 6340: 5614: 5564: 4895: 3904: 3131: 2335: 1746: 1411: 1346: 1342: 1302: 1287: 1227: 1108: 1036: 1029: 935: 791: 581: 450:

Towards the end of the year, a full size mock-up was assessed and production of a pair of

439: 390: 341: 304: 220: 189: 173: 98: 3126:

As of 2023, Halifax 57 Rescue were also looking to recover two more aircraft, HR871 near

588:. Because of this scheme, Halifaxes were manufactured at sites across the British isles. 4084: 2005: 6421: 6406: 6350: 6335: 6226: 4839: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3375: 3113: 2885: 2716: 2327: 1860: 1670: 1604: 1444: 1440: 1370: 1219: 1215: 1191: 1171: 1078: 538:

Series production of the Halifax began at Handley Page's factory at Cricklewood and at

402: 383: 300: 224: 17: 6602: 6459: 6433: 6206: 6160: 3053: 2848: 2758: 1596: 1512: 1419: 1104: 1063: 983: 885: 802: 744: 735: 593: 585: 360: 243: 208: 4444: 3145: 3130:, and LW170 near Scotland. Once recovered, the plan is for HR871 to be moved to the 1650: 1629:

First series of the bomber variant; from March 1942 onwards, these were fitted with

4964: 4907:

The story of a 76 Squadron Flight Engineer and his Halifax aircraft in World War II

3812:

Barnes, C H: Handley Page Aircraft since 1907, London 1976, pp. 417, 419, 423, 603.

3328: 3227: 3220: 3149:

3-view drawingof Halifax Mark I Series III, with profile details of other variants.

2958: 2863: 2669: 2026: 2014: 1688: 1144: 1050: 943: 775: 755: 605: 406: 375: 352: 299:. The type also entered commercial service for a number of years, used mainly as a 284: 200: 185: 177: 80: 60: 1274: 534:

Painters at work in the paint shop of the Handley Page's Cricklewood factory, 1942

4051: 1808:

Halifax B.III bombers converted into glider tug and paratroop transport aircraft.

307:. In 1961, the last remaining Halifax bombers were retired from operational use. 6464: 6386: 6124: 3357: 3065: 2819: 2723: 2694: 1888:

Halifax B.V bombers converted into glider tugs and paratroop transport aircraft.

1709: 1283: 1239: 1054:

Handley Page Halifax B Mk.I, s/n L9530, MP-L of No. 76 Squadron RAF, Summer 1941

763: 613: 609: 480: 472: 410: 333: 280: 239: 1879:

XX engines with square empennage and wingtips. Armament as B.III. 904 produced.

5184: 1298: 1270: 1007: 759: 547: 364: 275: 4848: 1579:

at Brindisi, Italy. Note the parachute canisters containing supplies for the

6139: 3075: 3030: 3004: 2568: 2050: 1903: 1836: 1699: 1674: 1306: 1262: 1258: 1223: 1179: 889: 855: 843: 823: 787: 731: 669: 515: 367: 4904: 4674:

Handley Page Halifax: Merlin-Engined Variants (Aerodata International No 7)

1277:

and others. During these months, infrastructure such as oil facilities and

719: 502:, now complete with full armament and operational equipment, was made from 3468:

included 244 Halifaxes, 353 Lancasters, 116 Stirlings and 74 Wellingtons;

3334:(4 in dorsal turret, 4 in tail turret) and 1 × .303 in (7.7 mm) 3278:

282 mph (454 km/h, 245 kn) at 13,500 ft (4,100 m)

1932:

Halifax B.VIIs converted into paratroop transport and glider tug aircraft.

1111:. Bombing activity became increasingly brazen throughout late 1944 as the 389:

Other candidates were submitted for the same specification, including the

324:

Personnel in the Handley Page drawing office working on the Halifax bomber

3101: 2974: 2656: 2250: 1600: 1338: 1254: 1117: 1003: 979: 871: 4933: 4345: 3686:

Barnes, C H: Handley Page Aircraft since 1907, London 1976, pp. 615-617.

3622:

Barnes, C H: Handley Page Aircraft since 1907, London 1976, pp. 387–388.

3064:

on 9 April 1942. On 27 April, it was one of 31 Halifaxes that flew from

1294:

before larger numbers could be brought to bear against Japanese forces.

41: 4316:"The Story of Halifax NA337 « National Air Force Museum of Canada" 3212: 1864: 1608: 1369:. The plane was part of RCAF 426 Squadron, and had been shot down near 1366: 1350: 1278: 1266: 771: 767: 643: 558:, although the matt black night bomber camouflage negated its benefit. 551: 503: 345: 3476:

included 753 Lancasters and no Halifaxes with nine Mosquitoes marking.

1479:

L7244 – Prototype first flew on The first Halifax prototype with four

565:. The first production aircraft flew from Radlett on 11 October 1940. 3127: 3117: 3079: 3034: 2841: 2633: 2597: 2279: 2214: 2091: 1988: 1678: 1623:

New variant with increased takeoff weight, fuel and weapons carriage.

1383: 1374: 1362: 1243: 1125: 1011: 863: 616:. Some aircraft included two additional .303 in (7.70 mm) 484: 382:

design to meet Specification P.13/36. Handley Page aircraft designer

4676:. Kidlington. Oxfordshire, UK: Vintage Aviation Publications, 1979. 4071: 4069: 2021: 1906:. No dorsal turret. Square empennage, round wing tips. 643 produced. 1088: 227:. Both the Lancaster and the Halifax emerged as capable four-engine 1439:

Comparison of the Halifax Mk.I (pink) with its contemporaries, the

405:. All submissions used two engines, using the Rolls-Royce Vulture, 4928:

Halifax at the International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive

3152: 3144: 2814: 2192: 2032: 2020: 2004: 1938:

Halifax B.VIIs bombers converted into military transport aircraft.

1842: 1822: 1780: 1727: 1649: 1586: 1570: 1498: 1434: 1393: 1185: 1153: 1087: 1049: 961: 920: 910: 896: 854:

The Handley Page Halifax was a mostly orthodox design, a mid-wing

842: 779: 718: 695: 555: 529: 466: 327: 319: 1814:

Halifax B.III bombers converted into military transport aircraft.

219:

engines while the rival Avro 679 was produced as the twin-engine

4629:

Halifax, an Illustrated History of a Classic World War II Bomber

2609: 1912:

Halifax B.VI bombers converted into military transport aircraft.

1766:

aircraft although some employed the ASV.Mk 3 radar in its place.

994:

In November 1940, the Handley Page Halifax entered service with

199:

proposal of the late 1930s, produced in response to the British

6085: 4937: 4661:. Bourne Ends, Buckinghamshire, UK: Aston Publications, 1990. 2921:

Of the 6,176 Halifaxes built, three complete examples remain.

1174:

to be awarded to any Halifax pilot went to Cyril J. Barton of

859: 3462:

The first "Thousand bomber raid" on Cologne on 30–31 May 1942

1847:

A line of Halifax A Mark VII glider tugs attached to various

1532:

Stressed for operating at a higher gross weight. 25 produced.

498:

On 17 August 1940, the first flight of the second prototype,

2969:

5 March 1945. On 24 March 1945 it towed a glider as part of

966:

Halifaxes of No. 35 Squadron bombing the German battleships

479:

The first prototype was built at Handley Page's facility in

881:

engine; later aircraft were commonly powered by the larger

370:

wing and all-metal construction, and encouraged use of the

332:

Halifax bombers being built at the Handley Page factory at

4698:. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1966. 188:

to the same specification as the contemporary twin-engine

4507:

British Secret Projects: Fighters & Bombers 1935–1950

1521:

Four-engined long-range heavy-bomber aircraft powered by

3754: 3752: 3709: 3707: 3694: 3692: 1730:

propellers and Merlin 22 engines. Rejected in favour of

215:

engine. The Handley Page design was altered to use four

3519: 3517: 1206:

Large numbers of Halifax bombers were also operated by

443:

September 1937, the Ministry specified the use of four

4691:. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications, 1966. 1875:

Four-engined long-range heavy-bomber, powered by four

1712:(simple modifications to allow carriage of engines or 1361:

of Canada excavated Halifax LW682 from a bog near the

4644:

Handley Page Halifax: From Hell to Victory and Beyond

4245:. National Air Force Museum of Canada. Archived from 2797:(converted as a bulk fuel carrier for Berlin Airlift) 4863:

Halifax at War: The Story of a Bomber (76 min. DVD).

4269:"Handley Page Halifax Mk.III – Yorkshire Air Museum" 1337:

however continued operating them up till 1961, thus

487:, It was then dismantled and transported by road to 238:, performing strategic bombing missions against the 6544: 6493: 6447: 6374: 6308: 6265: 6189: 6153: 6117: 6034: 5983: 5902: 5794: 5787: 5097: 4981: 4972: 4801:St. Catharine's, Canada: Vanwell Publishing, 2005. 4646:. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 2009. 4299:"Handley Page Halifax B.MK.II Series I W1048/8465M" 3370:

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

1222:operations. The Halifax was heavily used to deploy 1194:glider to the tow hook of a Halifax glider tug, of 612:, with an additional four in a Boulton Paul Type E 154: 146: 138: 130: 125: 117: 94: 86: 74: 66: 56: 51: 34: 4696:The Short Stirling, Aircraft in Profile Number 142 1460:Proposed twin-engine bomber aircraft, never built. 6112:RAF strategic bombing during the Second World War 4489:Halifax, Second to None: The Handley Page Halifax 2037:Pair of Halifax bombers flying in close formation 4623:. London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co. 27:Royal Air Force four-engine heavy bomber of WWII 4824:(1739). flightglobal.com archive. 23 April 1942 4604:. Wings of Fame, Vol. 8. Aerospace Publishing. 4524:. Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books, No year cited. 4346:"Support the Recovery of a RCAF Halifax Bomber" 4161: 4159: 3112:. In 1997, LW682 was recovered from a bog near 1591:A Halifax A.V Series 1 (Special) glider tug of 231:, thousands of which were used during the War. 195:The Halifax has its origins in the twin-engine 2584:(B.III converted with a 15-passenger interior) 1422:bought and serviced war-surplus Halifaxes for 790:; operationally, these were generally used by 344:(RAF) was primarily interested in twin-engine 6097: 4949: 4719:Aircraft Crash Log No.2: Handley Page Halifax 3829: 3827: 3284:1,860 mi (2,990 km, 1,620 nmi) 3011:TG536. Painted as LV907 "Friday the 13th" of 8: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3673: 3671: 3474:The attack on Dresden on 13–14 February 1945 952:4,000lb and 8,000lb high capacity (HC) bombs 471:Aerodynamic model of the Halifax undergoing 4797:Stachiw, Anthony L. and Andrew Tattersall. 4705:. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan, 1987. 4631:. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan, 1980. 4569:. Stroud, England:Sutton Publishing, 1998. 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3910:, 1 May 2002. Retrieved: 15 September 2013. 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3472:included 214 Halifaxes and 572 Lancasters; 3470:The attack on Nuremberg on 30–31 March 1944 2287:Polish Air Forces in exile in Great Britain 1238:and to conduct special operations, such as 6562:Air operations during the Battle of Europe 6104: 6090: 6082: 5791: 4978: 4956: 4942: 4934: 4865:Toronto: Nightfighters Productions, 2005. 4048:PAKISTAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR DEFENCE STUDIES 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3534: 3532: 3085: 3018: 2981: 954:the bomb bay doors could not close fully. 743:Mk.II Series IA was fitted with a moulded 31: 4799:Handley Page Halifax: In Canadian Service 4201: 4189: 4117: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3068:as part of raid on the German battleship 1964:Paratroop transport, glider tug aircraft. 1827:A Halifax B Mark V Series I (Special) of 1349:) during which they conducted night-time 805:. Other changes included the adoption of 374:engine then in development. In response, 3466:The attack on Hamburg on 27–28 July 1943 2923: 1789:in front of a Halifax bomber, circa 1944 622: 506:. The H.P.57 was given the service name 4689:The Handley Page Halifax B.III, VI, VII 4445:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage" 4430: 3990: 3919: 3898:"'Bomber Harris' – an enduring enigma." 3791: 3779: 3758: 3743: 3713: 3698: 3583: 3523: 3488: 3454: 3429: 3413:List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force 3344:13,000 lb (5,900 kg) of bombs 3302:45.7 lb/sq ft (223 kg/m) 3169:The Handley Page Halifax B.III, VI, VII 2617:Societe Anonyme de Navigation Aeriennes 2302:No. 1586 (Polish Special Duties) Flight 1951:Cargo and passenger transport aircraft. 1583:loaded into the bomb bay and wing cells 1190:RAF airman attaches the tow rope of an 1135:and Lancasters and a sizable escort of 592:involved in production, along with 600 4552:Night Flight: Halifax Squadrons at War 4509:. Hinckley: Midland Publishing, 2004. 4372:"RAF Museum Boost for Halifax Project" 6557:United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) 2025:Halifax bomber OO-R of 1663 HCU from 1797:Main production variant, fitted with 754:Owing to a shortage of Messier-built 7: 6552:Aerial defence of the United Kingdom 4539:. Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1970. 4225: 4213: 4177: 4165: 4129: 4105: 3196:104 ft 2 in (31.75 m) 2901:British Overseas Airways Corporation 2744:British Overseas Airways Corporation 1636:Halifax B.II Series I (Special), SOE 1124:, then engaged in heavy fighting at 6217:Combined Bomber Offensive (1943–44) 4884:Photo tour of the Elvington Halifax 4382:from the original on 10 August 2024 4077:"Bomber Command Memorial in London" 4044:"Halifax HP-57 bombers in the RPAF" 3190:71 ft 7 in (21.82 m) 3106:National Air Force Museum of Canada 2953:National Air Force Museum of Canada 386:had responsibility for the design. 121:6,178 including 2 H.P.57 prototypes 6573:Death by Moonlight: Bomber Command 3263:3-bladed constant-speed propellers 3208:1,190 sq ft (111 m) 3202:20 ft 9 in (6.32 m) 2311:No. 304 Polish Bomber Squadron RAF 351:During the mid-1930s, the British 25: 4567:Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945 4023:. London: Orbis Publishing, 1979. 3311:0.12 hp/lb (0.20 kW/kg) 1831:undergoing a 24-hour overhaul at 1785:Group portrait of an air crew of 1581:Yugoslav National Liberation Army 679:London Aircraft Production Group 6202:Area bombing of cities (1942–43) 4843:. No. 100. pp. 13–24. 4621:The Observer's Book Of Airplanes 4583:Halifax Squadrons of World War 2 4554:. London: William Kimber, 1981. 4473:Handley Page Aircraft since 1907 3418:List of aircraft of World War II 2878: 2856: 2834: 2813: 2709: 2687: 2662: 2649: 2626: 2590: 2561: 2320: 2272: 2243: 2207: 2185: 2084: 2043: 1705:Halifax B.II Series I, Freighter 1654:Halifax B.II Series I (Special) 858:with a tail unit featuring twin 578:London Aircraft Production Group 40: 6130:RAF strategic bombing 1942–1945 4537:Handley Page: An Aircraft Album 3498:Combat aircraft of World War II 3247:65,000 lb (29,484 kg) 3241:54,400 lb (24,675 kg) 3235:37,870 lb (17,178 kg) 3135:Bomber Command Museum of Canada 2764:Lancashire Aircraft Corporation 1983:VIP transport aircraft for the 1646:Halifax B.II Series I (Special) 1503:A Halifax B Mark I Series I of 1400:Lancashire Aircraft Corporation 248:Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief 4522:Handley Page Halifax Portfolio 4021:Wings Encyclopedia of Aviation 3296:750 ft/min (3.8 m/s) 2769:London Aero and Motor Services 2292:No. 301 Polish Bomber Squadron 1882:Halifax B.V Series I (Special) 1386:, which was unveiled in 2012. 1242:agents and arms into occupied 1147:. In spite of heavy fire from 1098:first 1000 bomber Cologne raid 1: 6634:Four-engined tractor aircraft 6609:1930s British bomber aircraft 6135:Area Bombing Directive (1942) 4889:Handley Page Halifax II (III) 3850:. Andre Deutsch. p. 221. 3290:24,000 ft (7,300 m) 3157:Fuselage section of a Halifax 3104:before being restored at the 2896:British American Air Services 2739:British American Air Services 847:Halifax cutaway model at the 6654:Four-engined piston aircraft 6644:Aircraft first flown in 1939 6614:World War II British bombers 4730:. Air Britain (Historians). 4239:"The Story of Halifax NA337" 3848:Lancaster : A Biography 1749:variant of the Halifax B.II. 1726:) modified with three-blade 1641:Special Operations Executive 1248:Special Operations Executive 1120:in support of the advancing 576:), various firms within the 420:Royal Aircraft Establishment 6145:Casablanca directive (1943) 3500:. Orion Books. p. 22. 3386:Consolidated B-24 Liberator 3381:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress 3121:RAF Bomber Command Memorial 2827:Maharajah Gaekwar of Baroda 2306:301 Squadron Special Duties 2009:An Australian Halifax from 1380:RAF Bomber Command Memorial 1210:, which used it to conduct 1028:, later expanded to become 907:Crew positions and armament 428:Armstrong-Whitworth Whitley 6675: 6649:World War II heavy bombers 6222:Battle of Berlin (1943–44) 6166:Frederick "Prof" Lindemann 4717:Roberts, Nicholas (1979). 4487:Bingham, Victor F (1986). 4081:www.bombercommandmuseum.ca 3329:.303 in (7.7 mm) 3096:Recovery of Halifax wrecks 3056:on 27 March 1942. Sent to 3025: 2994:Elvington, North Yorkshire 2988: 2942: 2059:Royal Australian Air Force 1849:General Aircraft Hamilcars 1507:undergoing maintenance at 265:Royal Australian Air Force 46:Handley Page Halifax B.III 6212:Battle of the Ruhr (1943) 4619:Lawrence, Joseph (1945). 4550:Jones, Geoffrey Patrick. 4192:, pp. 4, rear cover. 2929: 1398:Halifax C.8 freighter of 378:produced the twin-engine 39: 6536:Light Night Strike Force 4768:. Yorkshire Air Museum. 4659:The Handley Page Halifax 4475:. London: Putnam, 1987. 3496:Angelucci, Enzo (1988). 2578:(Former Wikner aircraft) 2200:Royal Egyptian Air Force 2100:Royal Canadian Air Force 1483:engines and no armament. 1335:Royal Pakistan Air Force 1322:Royal Egyptian Air Force 1045:Royal Canadian Air Force 901:constant-speed propeller 359:, seeking a twin-engine 297:Royal Pakistan Air Force 289:Royal Egyptian Air Force 261:Royal Canadian Air Force 4930:, University of Lincoln 4726:Roberts, R. N. (1982). 4449:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu 4002:Norris 1966, pp. 8, 10. 3903:2 December 2013 at the 3175:General characteristics 3165:Halifax, Second to None 3141:Specifications (Mk.III) 3114:Geraardsbergen, Belgium 2933:Institutional location 1762:Halifax GR.II Series IA 1664:German battleship 1509:RAF Middleton St George 1164:RAF Middle East Command 990:is moored at far right. 899:-built compressed wood 868:flight control surfaces 723:Halifax B Mk.II Srs I, 18:Handley Page Halifax II 6619:Aviation in Lancashire 6176:Sir Archibald Sinclair 6161:Arthur "Bomber" Harris 6140:Dehousing paper (1942) 4764:Robinson, Ian (1996). 4378:. Key Publishing Ltd. 4032:Norris 1966, pp. 9–10. 3949:Norris 1966, pp. 6, 8. 3158: 3150: 2222:Free French Air Forces 2038: 2030: 2018: 1868: 1840: 1790: 1752:Halifax GR.II Series I 1719:Halifax B.II Series II 1694:Halifax B.II Series IA 1682: 1616: 1595:getting airborne from 1584: 1535:Halifax B.I Series III 1515: 1448: 1407: 1311:targets of opportunity 1212:anti submarine warfare 1203: 1167: 1149:anti-aircraft defenses 1133:de Havilland Mosquitos 1093: 1055: 991: 926: 918: 851: 739: 618:Vickers K machine guns 535: 476: 426:delayed by orders for 337: 325: 242:, primarily at night. 184:. It was developed by 6624:Handley Page aircraft 6321:Boston (Douglas DB-7) 6207:U-boat pens (1943–44) 6197:Oil targets (1940-45) 4894:26 March 2016 at the 4745:Robertson, B (1990). 4585:. Osprey Publishing. 3887:Norris 1966, pp. 5–6. 3878:Norris 1966, pp. 4–5. 3869:Falconer 1998, p. 232 3846:Iveson & Milton. 3613:Buttler 2004, p. 105. 3604:Buttler 2004, p. 102. 3595:Buttler 2004, p. 104. 3336:Vickers K machine gun 3332:Browning machine guns 3156: 3148: 2175:No. 434 Squadron RCAF 2170:No. 433 Squadron RCAF 2165:No. 432 Squadron RCAF 2160:No. 431 Squadron RCAF 2155:No. 429 Squadron RCAF 2150:No. 428 Squadron RCAF 2145:No. 427 Squadron RCAF 2140:No. 426 Squadron RCAF 2135:No. 425 Squadron RCAF 2130:No. 424 Squadron RCAF 2125:No. 420 Squadron RCAF 2120:No. 419 Squadron RCAF 2115:No. 415 Squadron RCAF 2110:No. 408 Squadron RCAF 2105:No. 405 Squadron RCAF 2074:No. 466 Squadron RAAF 2069:No. 462 Squadron RAAF 2064:No. 460 Squadron RAAF 2036: 2024: 2011:No. 462 Squadron RAAF 2008: 1846: 1826: 1784: 1653: 1626:Halifax B.II Series I 1590: 1574: 1529:Halifax B.I Series II 1502: 1438: 1397: 1318:RAF Transport Command 1202:, Tunisia (July 1943) 1198:, in preparation for 1189: 1157: 1137:Supermarine Spitfires 1091: 1053: 965: 924: 914: 849:London Science Museum 846: 730:, in-which the first 722: 602:Browning machine guns 574:Handley Page Hampdens 533: 470: 357:Specification P.13/36 331: 323: 269:Free French Air Force 259:nations, such as the 205:Specification P.13/36 111:Free French Air Force 6567:Defence of the Reich 4913:To Hell in a Halifax 4900:Yorkshire Air Museum 4565:Falconer, Jonathan. 4273:Yorkshire Air Museum 3821:Moyes 1966, pp. 3–4. 3255:Bristol Hercules XVI 2999:Yorkshire Air Museum 2930:Geographic location 2546:No. 644 Squadron RAF 2541:No. 640 Squadron RAF 2536:No. 624 Squadron RAF 2531:No. 620 Squadron RAF 2526:No. 614 Squadron RAF 2521:No. 578 Squadron RAF 2516:No. 521 Squadron RAF 2511:No. 520 Squadron RAF 2506:No. 519 Squadron RAF 2501:No. 518 Squadron RAF 2496:No. 517 Squadron RAF 2491:No. 502 Squadron RAF 2486:No. 298 Squadron RAF 2481:No. 297 Squadron RAF 2476:No. 296 Squadron RAF 2471:No. 295 Squadron RAF 2466:No. 246 Squadron RAF 2461:No. 224 Squadron RAF 2456:No. 202 Squadron RAF 2451:No. 199 Squadron RAF 2446:No. 192 Squadron RAF 2441:No. 190 Squadron RAF 2436:No. 187 Squadron RAF 2431:No. 178 Squadron RAF 2426:No. 171 Squadron RAF 2421:No. 161 Squadron RAF 2416:No. 158 Squadron RAF 2411:No. 148 Squadron RAF 2406:No. 138 Squadron RAF 2401:No. 113 Squadron RAF 2396:No. 108 Squadron RAF 2391:No. 103 Squadron RAF 2386:No. 102 Squadron RAF 2304:before reforming as 2298:No. 138 Squadron RAF 2233:No. 347 Squadron RAF 2227:No. 346 Squadron RAF 1639:Special version for 1493:Halifax B.I Series I 1035:By the end of 1943, 986:, 18 December 1941. 895:Each engine drove a 800:Bristol Hercules XVI 749:Boulton Paul Defiant 456:Rolls-Royce Merlin X 170:Handley Page Halifax 6470:Intruder operations 6284:("Dambusters" raid) 4687:Moyes, Philip J.R. 4672:Moyes, Philip J.R. 4535:Clayton, Donald C. 4520:Clarke, R. M., ed. 4406:www.vintagewings.ca 4153:pp116-7 with photo 3981:Norris 1966, p. 10. 3860:Merrick 1980, p. 30 3677:Norris 1966, p. 12. 3665:Flight pp. 400–401. 3245:Max takeoff weight: 2967:RAF Tarrant Rushton 2906:Westminster Airways 2795:Westminster Airways 2681:LAMS (South Africa) 2381:No. 96 Squadron RAF 2376:No. 78 Squadron RAF 2371:No. 77 Squadron RAF 2366:No. 76 Squadron RAF 2361:No. 58 Squadron RAF 2356:No. 51 Squadron RAF 2351:No. 47 Squadron RAF 2346:No. 35 Squadron RAF 2341:No. 10 Squadron RAF 1660:No. 10 Squadron RAF 1452:Pre-Halifax designs 958:Operational service 828:Handley Page Halton 625: 393:, and designs from 372:Rolls-Royce Vulture 361:heavy-medium bomber 213:Rolls-Royce Vulture 176:(RAF) four-engined 160:Pakistani Air Force 52:General information 6659:Twin-tail aircraft 6587:Target for Tonight 6171:Sir Charles Portal 6125:Butt Report (1941) 4694:Norris, Geoffrey. 4657:Merrick, Keith A. 4642:Merrick, Keith A. 4627:Merrick, Keith A. 4600:Lake, Jon (1997). 4581:Lake, Jon (1999). 4011:Norris 1966, p. 9. 3967:Norris 1966, p. 8. 3940:Norris 1966, p. 6. 3734:Norris 1966, p. 5. 3538:Norris 1966, p. 3. 3159: 3151: 3102:Lake Mjøsa, Norway 3062:RAF Linton-on-Ouse 2917:Surviving aircraft 2785:Union Air Services 2258:Pakistan Air Force 2229:(GB II/23 Guyenne) 2039: 2031: 2019: 2001:Military operators 1877:Rolls-Royce Merlin 1869: 1841: 1833:RAF Holmsley South 1791: 1683: 1617: 1585: 1523:Rolls-Royce Merlin 1516: 1449: 1408: 1404:Manchester Airport 1390:Civilian operation 1357:In September 1997 1330:until early 1952. 1232:electronic warfare 1204: 1168: 1094: 1056: 1016:German battleship 1000:RAF Linton-on-Ouse 992: 927: 919: 879:Rolls-Royce Merlin 852: 740: 692:Rootes Securities 623: 536: 522:and Lady Halifax. 477: 445:Rolls-Royce Merlin 432:Vickers Wellington 340:In the 1930s, the 338: 326: 217:Rolls-Royce Merlin 6639:Mid-wing aircraft 6596: 6595: 6531:No. 100 Group RAF 6276:(Friedrichshafen) 6079: 6078: 6075: 6074: 5783: 5782: 4911:Krentz, Herbert. 4784:Halifax in Action 4701:Rapier, Brian J. 4667:978-0-946627-60-8 4443:Lednicer, David. 4320:airforcemuseum.ca 4243:airforcemuseum.ca 4228:, pp. 90–96. 4216:, pp. 91–92. 4180:, pp. 92–93. 4141:Rapier, Brian J. 4054:on 16 August 2003 3908:Osprey Publishing 3656:Moyes 1966, p. 4. 3574:Moyes 1966, p. 3. 3360:bomb-aiming radar 3137:for restoration. 3093: 3092: 3040:RAF Museum London 2971:Operation Varsity 2892:Bond Air Services 2801:World Air Freight 2734:Bond Air Services 2235:(GB I/25 Tunisie) 1985:Maharajah Gaekwar 1867:, prior to launch 1851:via tow ropes of 1722:Single aircraft ( 1575:Halifax Mk.II of 1443:(yellow) and the 1424:Bond Air Services 1418:business pioneer 1373:during a raid on 1359:Halifax 57 Rescue 1200:Operation Fustian 704: 703: 653:English Electric 563:Radlett Aerodrome 504:Radlett Aerodrome 229:strategic bombers 166: 165: 139:Introduction date 16:(Redirected from 6666: 6521:No. 6 Group RCAF 6455:Area bombardment 6439:Target indicator 6412:Blockbuster bomb 6227:Transport (1944) 6106: 6099: 6092: 6083: 5792: 4979: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4935: 4852: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4779: 4760: 4741: 4728:The Halifax File 4722: 4624: 4615: 4602:Halifax Variants 4596: 4502: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4408:. Archived from 4398: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4322:. Archived from 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4275:. Archived from 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4154: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4087:on 14 April 2017 4083:. Archived from 4073: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4050:. Archived from 4039: 4033: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4003: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3968: 3965: 3950: 3947: 3941: 3938: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3894: 3888: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3870: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3822: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3804: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3717: 3711: 3702: 3696: 3687: 3684: 3678: 3675: 3666: 3663: 3657: 3654: 3623: 3620: 3614: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3596: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3572: 3539: 3536: 3527: 3521: 3512: 3511: 3493: 3477: 3459: 3437: 3434: 3352: 3319: 3288:Service ceiling: 3271: 3177: 3110:Trenton, Ontario 3089: 3046:English Electric 3022: 2985: 2948:Trenton, Ontario 2924: 2911:Worldair Carrier 2884: 2882: 2881: 2862: 2860: 2859: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2818: 2817: 2807:Halton operators 2754:C.L. Air Surveys 2715: 2713: 2712: 2693: 2691: 2690: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2655: 2653: 2652: 2632: 2630: 2629: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2567: 2565: 2564: 2326: 2324: 2323: 2278: 2276: 2275: 2249: 2247: 2246: 2213: 2211: 2210: 2191: 2189: 2188: 2090: 2088: 2087: 2049: 2047: 2046: 1857:No. 644 Squadron 1853:No. 298 Squadron 1829:No. 295 Squadron 1799:Bristol Hercules 1787:No. 578 Squadron 1633:navigation aids. 1613:Operation Beggar 1593:No. 295 Squadron 1577:No. 148 Squadron 1538:Re-engined with 1416:low-cost airline 1347:Battle of Skardu 1176:No. 578 Squadron 1166:, September 1942 1160:No. 462 Squadron 1109:V-1 flying bombs 1072:No. 466 Squadron 1068:No. 433 Squadron 1061:Bristol Hercules 1026:Pathfinder Force 883:Bristol Hercules 666:Fairey Aviation 635:Number produced 626: 540:English Electric 415:Bristol Hercules 293:French Air Force 276:defensive turret 182:Second World War 142:13 November 1940 44: 32: 21: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6664: 6663: 6599: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6540: 6526:No. 8 Group RAF 6516:No. 5 Group RAF 6511:No. 4 Group RAF 6506:No. 3 Group RAF 6501:No. 1 Group RAF 6489: 6485:Shuttle bombing 6443: 6417:Earthquake bomb 6370: 6304: 6261: 6185: 6149: 6113: 6110: 6080: 6071: 6030: 5979: 5898: 5779: 5093: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4905:One of the Many 4896:Wayback Machine 4880: 4859: 4836: 4827: 4825: 4812: 4782:Scutts, Jerry. 4776: 4763: 4757: 4747:Halifax Special 4744: 4738: 4725: 4716: 4618: 4612: 4599: 4593: 4580: 4505:Buttler, Tony. 4499: 4486: 4468: 4463: 4453: 4451: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4385: 4383: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4326:on 2 March 2016 4314: 4313: 4309: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4249:on 2 March 2016 4237: 4236: 4232: 4224: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4200: 4196: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4172: 4164: 4157: 4140: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4116: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4075: 4074: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3971: 3966: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3926: 3918: 3914: 3905:Wayback Machine 3895: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3832: 3825: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3778: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3757: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3720: 3712: 3705: 3697: 3690: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3669: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3626: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3542: 3537: 3530: 3522: 3515: 3508: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3480: 3460: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3367: 3353: 3348: 3320: 3315: 3267: 3173: 3143: 3132:Nanton, Alberta 3098: 2961:. Delivered to 2919: 2879: 2877: 2857: 2855: 2835: 2833: 2812: 2809: 2790:V.I.P. Services 2710: 2708: 2688: 2686: 2663: 2661: 2650: 2648: 2643:Vingtor Airways 2627: 2625: 2591: 2589: 2582:Geoffrey Wikner 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555:Civil operators 2552: 2336:Royal Air Force 2321: 2319: 2273: 2271: 2263:No. 12 Squadron 2244: 2242: 2208: 2206: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2044: 2042: 2003: 1998: 1971: 1958: 1945: 1821: 1779: 1747:Coastal Command 1569: 1551: 1505:No. 76 Squadron 1473: 1454: 1433: 1412:Berlin Air Lift 1392: 1375:Leuven, Belgium 1343:1st Kashmir War 1303:Frisian Islands 1288:Empire of Japan 1208:Coastal Command 1092:A Halifax pilot 996:No. 35 Squadron 960: 936:flight engineer 917: 909: 841: 836: 792:Coastal Command 709: 582:Fairey Aviation 528: 465: 440:Avro Manchester 342:Royal Air Force 318: 313: 221:Avro Manchester 190:Avro Manchester 174:Royal Air Force 150:25 October 1939 113: 109: 105: 99:Royal Air Force 67:National origin 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6672: 6670: 6662: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6601: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6590: 6583: 6580:Into the Storm 6576: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6497: 6495: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6451: 6449: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6414: 6409: 6407:"Monica" radar 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6294: 6286: 6278: 6269: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6193: 6191: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6121: 6119: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6101: 6094: 6086: 6077: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6057:Halifax C.VIII 6054: 6052:Harrow/Sparrow 6049: 6044: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5906: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5798: 5796: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4985: 4983: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4953: 4946: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4925: 4908: 4902: 4886: 4879: 4878:External links 4876: 4875: 4874: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4853: 4840:Air Enthusiast 4834: 4810: 4795: 4780: 4774: 4761: 4755: 4742: 4736: 4723: 4714: 4703:Halifax at War 4699: 4692: 4685: 4670: 4655: 4652:978-1906537067 4640: 4625: 4616: 4610: 4597: 4591: 4578: 4563: 4548: 4533: 4518: 4503: 4497: 4484: 4471:Barnes, C. H. 4467: 4464: 4462: 4461: 4435: 4423: 4412:on 17 May 2017 4393: 4370:Dunnell, Ben. 4362: 4337: 4307: 4290: 4279:on 5 July 2017 4260: 4230: 4218: 4206: 4202:Robertson 1990 4194: 4190:Robertson 1990 4182: 4170: 4155: 4143:Halifax at War 4134: 4132:, p. 132. 4122: 4118:Robertson 1990 4110: 4108:, p. 131. 4098: 4065: 4042:Hali, Sultan. 4034: 4025: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3983: 3969: 3951: 3942: 3924: 3922:, p. 111. 3912: 3889: 3880: 3871: 3862: 3853: 3838: 3823: 3814: 3805: 3796: 3794:, p. 128. 3784: 3772: 3763: 3748: 3736: 3718: 3703: 3688: 3679: 3667: 3658: 3624: 3615: 3606: 3597: 3588: 3576: 3540: 3528: 3513: 3506: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3404: 3403: 3401:Short Stirling 3398: 3396:Petlyakov Pe-8 3393: 3391:Heinkel He 177 3388: 3383: 3378: 3376:Avro Lancaster 3366: 3363: 3362: 3361: 3346: 3345: 3339: 3313: 3312: 3303: 3297: 3294:Rate of climb: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3276:Maximum speed: 3265: 3264: 3258: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3142: 3139: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3083: 3076:Lake Hoklingen 3048:. Assigned to 3042: 3037: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3016: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2986: 2979: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2886:United Kingdom 2874: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2852: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2830: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2798: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2766: 2761: 2759:Eagle Aviation 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2717:United Kingdom 2705: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2659: 2645: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2622: 2621: 2612: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2586: 2585: 2579: 2572: 2571: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2328:United Kingdom 2316: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2294: 2283: 2282: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2254: 2253: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2230: 2218: 2217: 2203: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1948:Halifax C.VIII 1944: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1873: 1861:RAF Woodbridge 1820: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1795: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1769:Halifax Met.II 1767: 1763: 1760: 1753: 1750: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1720: 1717: 1706: 1703: 1695: 1692: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1637: 1634: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1605:Airspeed Horsa 1568: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1555: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1477: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1445:Avro Lancaster 1441:Short Stirling 1432: 1429: 1391: 1388: 1371:Geraardsbergen 1327:Armée de l'Air 1220:meteorological 1216:reconnaissance 1192:Airspeed Horsa 1172:Victoria Cross 1079:Avro Lancaster 1064:radial engines 1014:, against the 959: 956: 915: 908: 905: 840: 837: 835: 832: 708: 705: 702: 701: 698: 693: 689: 688: 685: 680: 676: 675: 672: 667: 663: 662: 659: 654: 650: 649: 646: 641: 637: 636: 633: 630: 594:subcontractors 527: 524: 464: 461: 384:George Volkert 317: 314: 312: 309: 305:Berlin Airlift 236:Bomber Command 225:Avro Lancaster 207:for a capable 164: 163: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 140: 136: 135: 132: 128: 127: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 101: 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 78: 72: 71: 70:United Kingdom 68: 64: 63: 58: 54: 53: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6671: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6582: 6581: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6475:Master Bomber 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6460:Bomber stream 6458: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6434:Bouncing bomb 6432: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6307: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6182: 6181:Arthur Tedder 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6152: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6116: 6107: 6102: 6100: 6095: 6093: 6088: 6087: 6084: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5901: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5786: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4980: 4977: 4971: 4966: 4959: 4954: 4952: 4947: 4945: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4922:9780978035808 4919: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4835: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4814:"The Halifax" 4811: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4775:0-9512379-4-2 4771: 4767: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4749:. Ian Allan. 4748: 4743: 4739: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4720: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4686: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4436: 4433:, p. 170 4432: 4427: 4424: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4397: 4394: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4366: 4363: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4338: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4308: 4300: 4294: 4291: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4264: 4261: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4207: 4204:, p. 64. 4203: 4198: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4171: 4168:, p. 93. 4167: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4123: 4120:, p. 77. 4119: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4102: 4099: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4035: 4029: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4014: 4008: 4005: 3999: 3996: 3993:, p. 72. 3992: 3987: 3984: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3943: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3849: 3842: 3839: 3836:1942, p. 401. 3835: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3800: 3797: 3793: 3788: 3785: 3782:, p. 34. 3781: 3776: 3773: 3770:Barnes 1987, 3767: 3764: 3761:, p. 71. 3760: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3746:, p. 69. 3745: 3740: 3737: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3716:, p. 19. 3715: 3710: 3708: 3704: 3701:, p. 17. 3700: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3683: 3680: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3616: 3610: 3607: 3601: 3598: 3592: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3526:, p. 30. 3525: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3489: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3455: 3448: 3443: 3433: 3430: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3407:Related lists 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3364: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3351: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3321: 3318: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3300:Wing loading: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3282:Combat range: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3239:Gross weight: 3237: 3234: 3233:Empty weight: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3163: 3155: 3147: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3095: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3072: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3054:RAF Topcliffe 3051: 3047: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2959:Rootes Motors 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2922: 2916: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2871:Alpha Airways 2869: 2868: 2865: 2854: 2853: 2850: 2849:Louis Breguet 2847: 2846: 2843: 2832: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2718: 2707: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2678: 2677:Alpha Airways 2675: 2674: 2671: 2660: 2658: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2570: 2559: 2558: 2554: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2318: 2317: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2241: 2240: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2183: 2182: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2082: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2041: 2040: 2035: 2028: 2023: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1969:H.P.70 Halton 1968: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1935:Halifax C.VII 1934: 1931: 1929:Halifax A.VII 1928: 1925: 1923:Halifax B.VII 1922: 1921: 1917: 1915:Halifax GR.VI 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1818: 1813: 1811:Halifax C.III 1810: 1807: 1805:Halifax A.III 1804: 1800: 1796: 1794:Halifax B.III 1793: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1776: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1743:Halifax GR.II 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1620:Halifax Mk.II 1619: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1597:RAF Portreath 1594: 1589: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1554:Halifax Mk.II 1553: 1552: 1548: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1513:County Durham 1510: 1506: 1501: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1420:Freddie Laker 1417: 1413: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1236:No. 100 Group 1234:aircraft for 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1165: 1162:operating in 1161: 1158:Personnel of 1156: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105:Atlantic Wall 1101: 1099: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1052: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1019: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 989: 988:‘Prinz Eugen’ 985: 984:Brest, France 981: 977: 976: 971: 970: 964: 957: 955: 953: 947: 945: 939: 937: 931: 923: 913: 906: 904: 902: 898: 893: 891: 887: 886:radial engine 884: 880: 875: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 850: 845: 838: 833: 831: 829: 825: 819: 815: 811: 808: 804: 803:radial engine 801: 795: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 752: 750: 746: 737: 736:Alan Blumlein 733: 729: 726: 721: 717: 713: 706: 699: 697: 694: 691: 690: 686: 684: 681: 678: 677: 673: 671: 668: 665: 664: 660: 658: 655: 652: 651: 647: 645: 642: 640:Handley Page 639: 638: 634: 631: 629:Manufacturer 628: 627: 621: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 597: 595: 589: 587: 586:Rootes Motors 583: 579: 575: 571: 570:Halifax Group 566: 564: 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 532: 525: 523: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 496: 494: 490: 486: 482: 475:testing, 1942 474: 469: 462: 460: 457: 453: 448: 446: 441: 435: 433: 429: 423: 421: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 387: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 366: 362: 358: 354: 349: 347: 343: 335: 330: 322: 315: 310: 308: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 277: 272: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 249: 245: 244:Arthur Harris 241: 237: 232: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 209:medium bomber 206: 202: 198: 193: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 172:is a British 171: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 97: 95:Primary users 93: 89: 85: 82: 79: 77: 73: 69: 65: 62: 59: 55: 50: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 6585: 6578: 6571: 6325: 6300:(Peenemünde) 6297: 6289: 6281: 6273: 6061: 6056: 5984:Experimental 5888: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5384: 5379: 5374: 4975:designations 4965:Handley Page 4912: 4862: 4838: 4826:. 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Retrieved 4052:the original 4047: 4037: 4028: 4020: 4016: 4007: 3998: 3991:Bingham 1986 3986: 3945: 3920:Bingham 1986 3915: 3907: 3892: 3883: 3874: 3865: 3856: 3847: 3841: 3833: 3817: 3808: 3799: 3792:Bingham 1986 3787: 3780:Bingham 1986 3775: 3766: 3759:Bingham 1986 3744:Bingham 1986 3739: 3714:Bingham 1986 3699:Bingham 1986 3682: 3661: 3618: 3609: 3600: 3591: 3586:, p. 4. 3584:Bingham 1986 3579: 3524:Bingham 1986 3497: 3491: 3457: 3432: 3406: 3405: 3369: 3368: 3349: 3347: 3341: 3338:in the nose. 3324: 3316: 3314: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3268: 3266: 3260: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3224: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3125: 3099: 3070: 3050:102 Squadron 3013:158 Squadron 2963:644 Squadron 2920: 2864:South Africa 2670:South Africa 2615: 2027:RAF Rufforth 2015:RAF Foulsham 1961:Halifax A.IX 1909:Halifax C.VI 1899:Halifax B.VI 1891:Halifax GR.V 1756: 1737:Halifax A.II 1731: 1723: 1689:Boulton Paul 1665: 1655: 1603:, towing an 1559: 1409: 1363:River Dender 1356: 1332: 1325: 1315: 1296: 1286:against the 1252: 1205: 1196:295 Squadron 1169: 1130: 1112: 1102: 1095: 1083: 1076: 1057: 1043:, formed of 1034: 1023: 1017: 993: 974: 968: 948: 944:Boulton Paul 940: 932: 928: 894: 876: 853: 827: 820: 816: 812: 807:de Havilland 796: 776:Rootes Group 770:rather than 756:landing gear 753: 741: 727: 714: 710: 707:Improvements 606:Boulton Paul 598: 590: 569: 567: 560: 537: 520:Lord Halifax 507: 499: 497: 492: 489:RAF Bicester 478: 451: 449: 436: 424: 407:Napier Sabre 399:Boulton Paul 388: 379: 376:Handley Page 353:Air Ministry 350: 339: 285:Avro Lincoln 273: 267:(RAAF), and 257:Commonwealth 233: 201:Air Ministry 196: 194: 186:Handley Page 178:heavy bomber 169: 167: 147:First flight 131:Manufactured 118:Number built 81:Handley Page 76:Manufacturer 61:Heavy bomber 29: 6629:Glider tugs 6480:Pathfinders 6465:Firebombing 5970:Dart Herald 4857:Videography 4828:10 December 4491:. Airlife. 3896:Lake, Jon. 3269:Performance 3261:Propellers: 3251:Powerplant: 3066:RAF Kinloss 3058:35 Squadron 2724:Air Freight 2695:Switzerland 1885:Halifax A.V 1872:Halifax B.V 1716:fuselages). 1710:Middle East 1671:Fættenfjord 1656:W1057, ZA-X 1615:, June 1943 1284:Pacific War 1240:parachuting 1122:Second Army 1041:No. 6 Group 1037:No. 4 Group 1030:No. 8 Group 1018:Scharnhorst 978:at left in 969:Scharnhorst 614:tail turret 610:nose turret 542:'s site in 481:Cricklewood 473:wind tunnel 411:Fairey P.24 334:Cricklewood 311:Development 240:Axis Powers 6603:Categories 6427:Grand Slam 6375:Technology 6361:Wellington 6341:Manchester 6266:Operations 6035:Transports 4871:1552595714 4807:1551250853 4792:089747158X 4756:0711019207 4737:0851300987 4711:0711015546 4682:090546950X 4637:0711007675 4611:1861840098 4592:1855328925 4575:075093171X 4560:0718303385 4545:0711000948 4530:0948207892 4515:1857801792 4498:0906393663 4481:0851778038 4151:1856481735 3507:0517641798 3444:References 3307:Power/mass 3228:NACA 23007 3221:NACA 23021 3206:Wing area: 2975:Lake Mjøsa 2605:Aero Cargo 2576:Aircarrier 1607:glider to 1299:Wangerooge 1246:, for the 1008:La Pallice 760:hydraulics 624:Factories 548:Lancashire 544:Samlesbury 526:Production 463:Prototypes 365:cantilever 6387:H2S radar 6336:Lancaster 6290:Hurricane 6274:Bellicose 6257:The Hague 6247:Pforzheim 6237:Heilbronn 6190:Campaigns 6118:Overviews 5975:Jetstream 5903:Airliners 5842:Handcross 5837:Hyderabad 4849:0143-5450 4386:10 August 4226:Lake 1999 4214:Lake 1999 4178:Lake 1999 4166:Lake 1999 4130:Lake 1997 4106:Lake 1997 3484:Citations 3194:Wingspan: 3162:Data from 3044:Built by 3031:Colindale 3005:Stornoway 2957:Built by 2780:Skyflight 2702:Air Globe 2569:Australia 2296:C Flight 2051:Australia 1996:Operators 1980:Halton II 1904:H2S radar 1837:Hampshire 1802:produced. 1700:H2S radar 1675:Trondheim 1540:Merlin XX 1526:produced. 1481:Merlin 10 1307:North Sea 1292:war ended 1275:Osnabrück 1263:Stuttgart 1259:Magdeburg 1180:Nuremberg 1170:The only 1113:Luftwaffe 975:Gneisenau 890:power egg 856:monoplane 824:paratroop 788:Stockport 732:H2S radar 683:Leavesden 670:Stockport 632:Location 516:Yorkshire 368:monoplane 355:released 301:freighter 134:1940–1946 6545:See also 6351:Stirling 6346:Mosquito 6316:Blenheim 6309:Aircraft 6282:Chastise 6067:Hastings 5965:Marathon 5878:Hereford 4967:aircraft 4892:Archived 4454:16 April 4380:Archived 4376:Key Aero 4350:FundRazr 3901:Archived 3365:See also 3350:Avionics 3317:Armament 3009:Hastings 2936:History 2775:Payloads 2749:Chartair 2657:Pakistan 2300:, later 2251:Pakistan 1974:Halton I 1757:ASV.Mk 3 1714:Spitfire 1601:Cornwall 1431:Variants 1339:Pakistan 1324:and the 1279:railways 1255:Hannover 1230:tug, an 1118:Brussels 1004:Le Havre 980:dry dock 946:turret. 872:bomb bay 839:Overview 772:forgings 768:castings 391:Avro 679 295:and the 281:paradrop 263:(RCAF), 6448:Tactics 6422:Tallboy 6366:Whitley 6356:Ventura 6331:Hampden 6326:Halifax 6252:Dresden 6232:Hamburg 6154:Leaders 6001:Gyrojet 5996:Gugnunc 5889:Halifax 5873:Hampden 5863:Heyford 5853:Hinaidi 5795:Bombers 5098:Numbers 5074:Type Ta 4982:Letters 4973:Company 4916:(2006) 4416:17 June 4355:17 June 4330:17 June 4283:17 June 4253:17 June 4091:17 June 3213:Airfoil 3200:Height: 3188:Length: 3071:Tirpitz 2927:Serial 2729:Airtech 2640:Peteair 2029:in 1944 2017:in 1945 1865:Suffolk 1666:Tirpitz 1611:during 1609:Tunisia 1406:in 1950 1367:Belgium 1351:Airdrop 1305:of the 1301:in the 1271:Münster 1267:Cologne 1143:on the 1141:Homberg 864:rudders 745:Perspex 657:Preston 644:Radlett 608:Type C 556:riveted 552:lofting 512:Halifax 508:Halifax 346:bombers 316:Origins 180:of the 155:Retired 126:History 90:Retired 35:Halifax 6397:"Oboe" 6292:(1944) 6242:Kassel 6062:Halton 6026:HP.115 5991:Type L 5960:Hermes 5945:Hamlet 5894:Victor 5883:Harrow 5847:Harrow 5827:Hanley 5822:Hendon 5812:V/1500 5775:HP.137 5770:HP.135 5765:HP.134 5760:HP.133 5755:HP.132 5750:HP.131 5745:HP.130 5740:HP.129 5735:HP.128 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2277: 2248: 2215:France 2212: 2190: 2092:Canada 2089: 2048: 1989:Baroda 1956:H.P.71 1943:H.P.70 1839:, 1943 1819:H.P.63 1777:H.P.61 1732:Mk.III 1679:Norway 1631:TR1335 1567:H.P.59 1560:H.P.59 1549:H.P.58 1476:H.P.57 1471:H.P.57 1463:H.P.56 1457:H.P.55 1447:(blue) 1384:London 1244:Europe 1228:glider 1126:Arnhem 1012:France 834:Design 784:Fairey 725:serial 584:, and 485:London 452:H.P.57 403:Shorts 395:Fairey 380:H.P.56 336:, 1942 291:, the 253:Allied 246:, the 197:H.P.56 158:1961 ( 87:Status 6494:Units 6402:Gee-H 6382:Chaff 6298:Hydra 6047:HP.51 6042:Clive 6021:HP.88 6016:HP.20 5955:HP.45 5950:HP.42 5910:O/400 5868:HP.51 5858:HP.47 5817:HP.13 5807:O/400 5802:O/100 5595:HP.99 5590:HP.98 5585:HP.97 5580:HP.96 5575:HP.95 5570:HP.94 5565:HP.93 5560:HP.92 5555:HP.91 5550:HP.90 5545:HP.89 5540:HP.88 5535:HP.87 5530:HP.86 5525:HP.85 5520:HP.84 5515:HP.83 5510:HP.82 5505:HP.81 5500:HP.80 5495:HP.79 5490:HP.78 5485:HP.77 5480:HP.76 5475:HP.75 5470:HP.74 5465:HP.73 5460:HP.72 5455:HP.71 5450:HP.70 5445:HP.69 5440:HP.68 5435:HP.67 5430:HP.66 5425:HP.65 5420:HP.64 5415:HP.63 5410:HP.62 5405:HP.61 5400:HP.60 5395:HP.59 5390:HP.58 5385:HP.57 5380:HP.56 5375:HP.55 5370:HP.54 5365:HP.53 5360:HP.52 5355:HP.51 5350:HP.50 5345:HP.49 5340:HP.48 5335:HP.47 5330:HP.46 5325:HP.45 5320:HP.44 5315:HP.43 5310:HP.42 5305:HP.41 5300:HP.40 5295:HP.39 5290:HP.38 5285:HP.37 5280:HP.36 5275:HP.35 5270:HP.34 5265:HP.33 5260:HP.32 5255:HP.31 5250:HP.30 5245:HP.29 5240:HP.28 5235:HP.27 5230:HP.26 5225:HP.25 5220:HP.24 5215:HP.23 5210:HP.22 5205:HP.21 5200:HP.20 5195:HP.19 5190:HP.18 5185:HP.17 5180:HP.16 5175:HP.15 5170:HP.14 5165:HP.13 5160:HP.12 5155:HP.11 5150:HP.10 4302:(PDF) 3449:Notes 3424:Notes 3325:Guns: 3218:root: 3182:Crew: 2820:India 2193:Egypt 1859:, at 1728:Rotol 1724:HR756 1673:near 1224:mines 897:Rotol 780:Speke 764:Dowty 728:V9977 700:1070 696:Speke 661:2145 648:1589 604:in a 500:L7245 493:L7244 6006:Manx 5940:W.10 5925:O/11 5920:O/10 5832:Hare 5788:Role 5145:HP.9 5140:HP.8 5135:HP.7 5130:HP.6 5125:HP.5 5120:HP.4 5115:HP.3 5110:HP.2 5105:HP.1 4918:ISBN 4867:ISBN 4845:ISSN 4830:2011 4803:ISBN 4788:ISBN 4770:ISBN 4751:ISBN 4732:ISBN 4707:ISBN 4678:ISBN 4663:ISBN 4648:ISBN 4633:ISBN 4606:ISBN 4587:ISBN 4571:ISBN 4556:ISBN 4541:ISBN 4526:ISBN 4511:ISBN 4493:ISBN 4477:ISBN 4456:2019 4418:2017 4388:2024 4357:2017 4332:2017 4285:2017 4255:2017 4147:ISBN 4093:2017 4060:2023 3502:ISBN 3327:8 × 3253:4 × 3225:tip: 2610:CTAI 1855:and 1333:The 1218:and 1145:Ruhr 1070:and 972:and 862:and 860:fins 782:and 758:and 687:710 674:662 430:and 401:and 255:and 168:The 107:RAAF 103:RCAF 57:Type 6392:Gee 6011:HPS 5935:W.9 5930:W.8 5915:O/7 5885:(2) 5849:(1) 4898:at 4822:XLI 3358:H2S 3108:in 3078:in 3060:at 3052:at 2965:at 2013:at 1987:of 1669:in 1402:at 1382:in 1365:in 998:at 982:at 786:at 778:at 514:in 413:or 203:'s 6605:: 4820:. 4816:. 4447:. 4404:. 4374:. 4348:. 4318:. 4271:. 4241:. 4158:^ 4079:. 4068:^ 4046:. 3972:^ 3954:^ 3927:^ 3826:^ 3751:^ 3721:^ 3706:^ 3691:^ 3670:^ 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