226:
274:
552:
had been run at 1,800 horsepower (1,342 kW) as early as 1938, with around 2,160 horsepower (1,610 kW) being obtained for short periods. The 1,800 hp rating had been maintained for 15 hours, thus demonstrating that with development the Merlin would be able to achieve the same power output as the
216:
bearings, which was found to be caused by a breakdown in lubrication, and also from heat dissipation problems. Rolls-Royce were initially confident that they could solve the problems, but the company's much smaller Merlin was already nearing the same power level as the
Vulture's original
185:
configuration with a displacement of 42 litres (2,600 cu in). The
Vulture used cylinders of the same bore and stroke as the Peregrine, but the cylinder spacing was increased to accommodate a longer crankshaft, necessary for extra
31:
209:, and as a consequence the reliability of the Vulture when it entered service was very poor. Apart from delivering significantly less than the designed power, the Vulture suffered from frequent failures of the
225:
714:
Allied
Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II
150:
Although several new aircraft designs had been planned to use the
Vulture, work on the engine's design ended in 1941 as Rolls-Royce concentrated on their more successful
748:
257:
that switching to a four-Merlin version of the
Manchester, which had been in development as a contingency, was preferable to retooling Avro factories to make the
1561:
217:
specification, in part because of its accelerated development in 1940, and so production of the
Vulture was discontinued after only 538 had been built.
181:
of 21 litres (1,300 cu in). The
Vulture was, in effect, two Peregrines joined by a new crankcase turning a new crankshaft, producing an
1566:
143:) but problems with the Vulture design meant that the engines were derated to around 1,450 to 1,550 hp in service by limiting the maximum
741:
768:
495:
721:
706:
691:
677:
663:
649:
734:
197:
The engine suffered from an abbreviated development period because Rolls-Royce suspended
Vulture development in 1940 during the
969:
454:
1481:
416:
273:
1352:
1287:
1085:
1064:
963:
1312:
1038:
1542:
1446:
1437:
626:
237:
interceptor but with the cancellation of
Vulture development, Hawker abandoned the Tornado and concentrated on the
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1122:
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1392:
1222:
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1427:
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1005:
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853:
803:
174:
124:
1382:
1327:
1174:
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995:
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1471:
258:
206:
44:
261:. The resulting aircraft was initially called the Manchester Mark III and then subsequently renamed
1526:
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894:
884:
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356:
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bomber. The only aircraft type designed for the
Vulture to go into production was the twin-engined
178:
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954:
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202:
1511:
1154:
813:
507:
448:
347:
306:
286:
250:
246:
104:
77:
47:
177:, were fairly standard designs, with two cylinder banks arranged in a V form and with a
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301:
291:
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262:
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120:
81:
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1501:
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858:
436:
338:
296:
1307:
1070:
726:
517:
410:
254:
242:
187:
167:
155:
108:
253:. When the engine reliability problems became clear, the Avro team persuaded the
1516:
245:. The cancellation caused the abandonment of the Vulture-engined version of the
116:
41:
699:
Rolls-Royce Piston Aero Engines - a Designer Remembers: Historical Series no 16
1136:
399:
383:
136:
128:
201:
to concentrate on the Merlin, which powered the RAF's two main fighters, the
1132:
132:
1030:
936:
460:
439:
191:
182:
140:
656:
World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day
213:
30:
272:
224:
672:. Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland publishing Limited, 1995.
730:
265:, going on to great success as the RAF's leading heavy bomber.
158:, proved more successful after a lengthy development period.
135:. The engine was originally designed to produce around 1,750
553:
original Vulture design rating without reliability problems.
716:. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 1995.
686:. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003.
1464:
1436:
1415:
1406:
1188:
1131:
1029:
935:
912:
872:
776:
767:
670:Avro Manchester: The Legend Behind the Lancaster
229:Avro Manchester II, showing two exhaust dampers
684:British Piston Aero-Engines and their Aircraft
644:. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens, 1989.
742:
334:X-24 supercharged liquid-cooled piston engine
8:
281:prototype, with two rows of ejector exhausts
463:, 0.35:1 reduction ratio, left-hand tractor
233:The Vulture had been intended to power the
1412:
773:
749:
735:
727:
658:. 5th edition, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2006.
154:design. Another 24-cylinder engine, the
574:
541:
20:
7:
701:: Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust, 1990.
627:Oldmachinepress. Rolls-Royce Vulture
16:1930s British piston aircraft engine
1562:Rolls-Royce aircraft piston engines
496:Rolls-Royce aircraft piston engines
476:1,780 hp at 2,850 rpm, +6 psi boost
14:
115:. The Vulture used the unusual "
29:
111:that was designed and built by
1189:Rolls-Royce Barnoldswick (RB)
119:" configuration, whereby four
1:
1567:1930s aircraft piston engines
447:Liquid-cooled, 70% water/30%
417:centrifugal type supercharger
367:87.2 in (2,210 mm)
379:42.3 in (1,070 mm)
1407:Aero-derivative industrial
241:, which was powered by the
1588:
1543:Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust
617:Gunston 1989 (RRAE), p.95.
373:35.8 in (910 mm)
313:Specifications (Vulture V)
1535:
419:, two-speed, single-stage
107:developed shortly before
28:
23:
642:Rolls-Royce Aero Engines
530:List of aircraft engines
173:and its derivative, the
127:were joined by a common
873:By company designation:
326:General characteristics
562:Test bed aircraft only
282:
230:
162:Design and development
131:supported by a single
1428:Rolls-Royce Meteorite
361:2,592 cu in (42.47 L)
276:
228:
175:Rolls-Royce Peregrine
125:Rolls-Royce Peregrine
1539:Rolls-Royce Holdings
1472:Alan Arnold Griffith
608:Lumsden 2003, p.201.
599:Lumsden 2003, p.200.
590:Rubbra 1990, p. 139.
321:Lumsden and Gunston.
259:Handley Page Halifax
207:Supermarine Spitfire
1527:Spirito Mario Viale
758:Rolls-Royce Limited
513:Daimler-Benz DB 604
388:2,450 lb (1,111 kg)
171:Rolls-Royce Kestrel
113:Rolls-Royce Limited
101:Rolls-Royce Vulture
58:Rolls-Royce Limited
1477:R.W. Harvey-Bailey
1423:Rolls-Royce Meteor
1409:and marine engines
581:Kirby 1995, p. 14.
502:Comparable engines
283:
231:
73:Major applications
1549:
1548:
1460:
1459:
908:
907:
481:Compression ratio
405:Overhead camshaft
352:5.5 in (139.7 mm)
199:Battle of Britain
123:derived from the
97:
96:
1579:
1413:
1094:(as Turbo-Union)
1088:(with MAN Turbo)
1067:(with MAN Turbo)
927:Rolls-Royce RZ.2
804:Eagle XVI (X-16)
774:
751:
744:
737:
728:
629:
624:
618:
615:
609:
606:
600:
597:
591:
588:
582:
579:
563:
560:
554:
546:
459:Spur geared via
277:Vulture powered
269:Application list
203:Hawker Hurricane
90:
74:
33:
21:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1531:
1512:Arthur Rowledge
1456:
1432:
1416:Piston engines:
1408:
1402:
1190:
1184:
1127:
1025:
931:
904:
868:
763:
755:
712:White, Graham.
682:Lumsden, Alec.
668:Kirby, Robert.
654:Gunston, Bill.
640:Gunston, Bill.
637:
632:
625:
621:
616:
612:
607:
603:
598:
594:
589:
585:
580:
576:
572:
567:
566:
561:
557:
547:
543:
538:
508:Rolls-Royce Exe
492:
470:
449:Ethylene glycol
445:Cooling system:
395:
328:
315:
307:Vickers Warwick
287:Avro Manchester
271:
251:Avro Manchester
247:Vickers Warwick
223:
164:
121:cylinder blocks
88:
80:
78:Avro Manchester
72:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1585:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:Adrian Lombard
1494:
1489:
1487:Stanley Hooker
1484:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1447:Marine Olympus
1443:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
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1355:
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1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
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1290:
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1275:
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1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
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1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
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1100:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
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1041:
1035:
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1023:
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988:
983:
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973:
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957:
952:
947:
941:
939:
933:
932:
930:
929:
924:
918:
916:
914:Rocket engines
910:
909:
906:
905:
903:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
876:
874:
870:
869:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
780:
778:
771:
769:Piston engines
765:
764:
756:
754:
753:
746:
739:
731:
725:
724:
710:
695:
680:
666:
652:
636:
633:
631:
630:
619:
610:
601:
592:
583:
573:
571:
568:
565:
564:
555:
550:Racing" Merlin
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455:Reduction gear
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314:
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310:
309:
304:
302:Hawker Tornado
299:
294:
292:Blackburn B-20
289:
279:Hawker Tornado
270:
267:
263:Avro Lancaster
239:Hawker Typhoon
235:Hawker Tornado
222:
219:
211:connecting rod
163:
160:
103:was a British
95:
94:
91:
85:
84:
82:Blackburn B-20
75:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1584:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:Arthur Rubbra
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:Harry Ricardo
1505:
1503:
1502:Cyril Lovesey
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
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1124:
1123:Trent (RB203)
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
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1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:(with SNECMA)
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:(with SNECMA)
971:
968:
965:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
940:
938:
934:
928:
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923:
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919:
917:
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901:
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896:
893:
891:
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886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
871:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
779:
775:
772:
770:
766:
762:
759:
752:
747:
745:
740:
738:
733:
732:
729:
723:
722:1-56091-655-9
719:
715:
711:
708:
707:1-872922-00-7
704:
700:
697:Rubbra, A.A.
696:
693:
692:1-85310-294-6
689:
685:
681:
679:
678:1-85780-028-1
675:
671:
667:
665:
664:0-7509-4479-X
661:
657:
653:
651:
650:1-85260-037-3
647:
643:
639:
638:
634:
628:
623:
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569:
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545:
542:
535:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
524:Related lists
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
504:
503:
497:
494:
493:
489:
484:
482:
478:
475:
474:Power output:
472:
471:
467:
462:
458:
456:
452:
450:
446:
443:
441:
438:
434:
431:
428:
424:
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408:
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403:
401:
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392:
387:
385:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
358:
354:
351:
349:
345:
343:5 in (127 mm)
342:
340:
336:
333:
330:
329:
325:
323:
322:
319:
312:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
297:Hawker Henley
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
280:
275:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
227:
220:
218:
215:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
188:main bearings
184:
180:
176:
172:
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161:
159:
157:
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148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
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106:
102:
92:
87:
86:
83:
79:
76:
71:
70:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
54:Manufacturer
53:
52:
49:
46:
43:
40:
37:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1492:Gordon Lewis
1482:Ernest Hives
1438:Gas turbines
1191:designations
863:
809:Eagle (H-24)
799:Eagle (V-12)
761:aero engines
713:
698:
683:
669:
655:
641:
635:Bibliography
622:
613:
604:
595:
586:
577:
558:
544:
523:
522:
518:Napier Sabre
501:
500:
479:
473:
453:
444:
432:
425:Downdraught
423:Fuel system:
422:
415:Gear-driven
411:Supercharger
409:
398:
382:
376:
370:
364:
357:Displacement
355:
346:
337:
331:
320:
317:
316:
255:Air Ministry
243:Napier Sabre
232:
221:Applications
196:
179:displacement
168:supercharged
165:
156:Napier Sabre
149:
139:(1,300
109:World War II
100:
98:
89:Number built
18:
1517:Henry Royce
1452:Marine Spey
1137:Turboshafts
970:Olympus 593
548:A special "
468:Performance
429:carburettor
105:aero engine
48:aero engine
1556:Categories
1133:Turboprops
536:References
433:Fuel type:
400:Valvetrain
393:Components
384:Dry weight
190:and wider
137:horsepower
129:crankshaft
64:First run
1572:X engines
1537:See also
1465:Designers
1031:Turbofans
937:Turbojets
854:Peregrine
318:Data from
192:crankpins
133:crankcase
67:May 1937
1308:RB168-62
1071:RB168-62
964:variants
777:By name:
490:See also
461:layshaft
435:100/130
183:X engine
24:Vulture
1060:Pegasus
1021:Welland
962: (
960:Olympus
950:Derwent
864:Vulture
849:Pennine
839:Kestrel
829:Griffon
824:Goshawk
784:Buzzard
377:Height:
365:Length:
214:big end
1353:RB.193
1293:RB.162
1165:Nimbus
1086:RB.193
1076:RB.175
1055:Medway
1044:Conway
1011:Thames
991:RB.162
986:RB.145
981:RB.108
976:RB.106
900:Type R
895:Type F
890:Type G
885:Type H
844:Merlin
819:Falcon
789:Condor
720:
705:
690:
676:
662:
648:
440:petrol
437:Octane
371:Width:
348:Stroke
152:Merlin
45:Piston
1398:RB508
1393:RB410
1388:RB235
1383:RB220
1378:RB211
1373:RB203
1368:RB207
1363:RB202
1358:RB199
1348:RB183
1343:RB181
1338:RB178
1333:RB177
1328:RB176
1323:RB175
1318:RB174
1313:RB172
1303:RB168
1298:RB163
1288:RB153
1283:RB146
1278:RB145
1273:RB142
1268:RB141
1263:RB140
1258:RB109
1253:RB108
1248:RB106
1175:Tweed
1170:Trent
1160:Gnome
1145:Clyde
1113:RB235
1108:RB220
1103:RB211
1098:RB202
1092:RB199
1081:RB178
1065:RB153
1039:Adour
1016:Viper
996:RB176
922:Larch
794:Crecy
570:Notes
332:Type:
38:Type
1541:and
1243:RB93
1238:RB82
1233:RB80
1228:RB53
1223:RB50
1218:RB44
1213:RB41
1208:RB39
1203:RB37
1198:RB23
1180:Tyne
1150:Dart
1118:Spey
1049:M45H
1001:Soar
955:Nene
945:Avon
880:PV12
834:Hawk
718:ISBN
703:ISBN
688:ISBN
674:ISBN
660:ISBN
646:ISBN
427:S.U.
339:Bore
205:and
166:The
117:X-24
99:The
93:538
42:X-24
1155:Gem
1006:Tay
859:"R"
814:Exe
485:6:1
145:rpm
1558::
194:.
147:.
141:kW
1440::
1135:/
966:)
750:e
743:t
736:v
709:.
694:.
483::
457::
413::
402::
386::
359::
350::
341::
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