458:
235:
root of the different meaning “to deceive, to turn pagan, to lead into paganism”. The Syriac word refers to pagans and deceivers. The Arabic is defined as "true believer, orthodox; one who scorns the false creeds surrounding him/her and profess the true religion" by The Arabic-English
311:
as "one who is utterly upright in all of his or her affairs, as exemplified by the model of
Abraham"; and that prior to the arrival of Islam "the term was used to designate pious people who accepted monotheism but did not join the Jewish or Christian communities."
288:
states "its exact sense is obscure" but the Quran "uses it in contexts suggestive of a pristine monotheism, which it tends to contrast with (latter-day) Judaism and
Christianity". In the Quran
302:". The unique association of ḥanīf with Abraham underscores his foundational role in the development of monotheistic faith and his exemplary status in the Islamic tradition.
1103:
409:
533:
is used "twelve times in the Quran", but
Abraham/Ibrahim is "the only person to have been explicitly identified with the term." He is mentioned "in reference to"
971:
656:
1251:
1112:
248:
1232:
1208:
1184:
1160:
497:
706:
553:
255:
it has been translated as "upright person" and outside the Quran as "to incline towards a right state or tendency". According to
177:
44:
955:
479:
279:
127:
169:
32:
This article is about the
Islamic term for pre-Islamic Abrahamic monotheists. For the Islamic school of jurisprudence, see
510:
According to the
Encyclopædia Britannica, "some of Muḥammad's relatives, contemporaries, and early supporters were called
143:
819:
368:
275:
131:
468:
355:(meaning "surrendered to God"), may have only arisen as an identifying descriptor for the religion in the late
285:
1218:
617:
672:
521:
475:
147:
37:
150:—and instead adhered to a unique monotheistic faith that exemplified the unaltered beliefs and morals of
1194:
627:
244:
711:
678:
579:
272:
123:
716:
603:
431:
378:
356:
256:
119:
1228:
1204:
1180:
1156:
951:
843:
569:
517:
435:
159:
158:: ten times in the singular form and twice in the plural form. According to Muslim tradition,
979:
867:
721:
631:
621:
574:
419:
173:
151:
232:
71:
1170:
690:
76:
732:
564:
185:
181:
444:) whether this was true of Arabs throughout the peninsula it is impossible to say."
1245:
1222:
1130:
668:
1198:
180:
before
Muhammad—that is, those affiliated with Judaism and/or Christianity, such as
607:
597:
1174:
701:
457:
1142:
Ibn Warraq, ed. (2000). "2. Origins of Islam: A Critical Look at the
Sources".
348:
264:
213:
137:
727:
695:
590:
438:—were familiar with the idea there were pre-Islamic "Abrahamic monotheists (
423:
226:
543:
322:
316:
216:
189:
98:
1064:
1008:
664:
655:
and builder of the "Mosque of the Schism" mentioned in the
Quranic verse
648:
611:
268:
1153:
Ishmael
Instructs Isaac: An Introduction to the Qu'ran for Bible Readers
1135:
The Idea of
Idolatry and the Emergence of Islam: From Polemic to History
231:
meaning "to incline, to decline" or "to turn or bend sideways" from the
218:
660:
482: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
415:
397:
389:
764:
Bell, Richard (1949). "Muslim World, Volume XXIX, 1949, pp. 120-125".
17:
652:
559:
427:
33:
222:
434:, he provides a "reliable source" that Arabs—at least in northwest
586:
401:
393:
299:
295:
252:
195:
155:
51:
524:, and Umayyah ibn Abī aṣ-Ṣalt, "an early 7th-century Arab poet".
405:
340:
260:
142:. However, it is emphasized that they were not associated with
126:. These people are regarded in a favourable light for shunning
451:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
929:
927:
925:
527:
According to the website "In the Name of Allah", the term
647:
Abū 'Amar 'Abd Amr ibn Sayfī: a leader of the tribe of
134:, thus setting themselves apart from what is known as
339:, the Muslim" It has been theorized by Watt that the
294:
is associated "strongly with Abraham, but never with
638:
534:
528:
511:
439:
372:
334:
328:
306:
289:
207:
163:
135:
56:
614:. He died before Muhammad declared his Prophethood.
418:, a 5th century Palestinian historian of the Roman
327:as "to turn away from ". Others maintain that the
172:) and a direct descendant of Abraham's eldest son
1176:Concept of Monotheism in Islam & Christianity
27:Islamic term for a pre-Islamic Arabian monotheist
1031:
1029:
724:, equivalent concept in esoteric Christianity
643:opponents of Islam from Ibn Isḥāq's account:
392:had bequeathed a monotheist religion" to the
8:
1111:. Princeton University Press. Archived from
1093:Ambros, Arne A; Procháczka, Stephan (2004).
894:(Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1903) p. 149 .
801:
799:
630:: early Muslim convert who emigrated to the
556:after Abraham according to Islamic tradition
113:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
404:" and adhering to certain practices of the
81:
813:
811:
396:, who are described being descended "from
282:religion and used to taunt early Muslims.
259:, it appears to have been used earlier by
542:Among those who are thought to have been
520:, "a cousin of the Prophet’s first wife,
498:Learn how and when to remove this message
600:: rejected both Judaism and Christianity
384:A Greek source from the 5th century CE,
154:. The word is found twelve times in the
43:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1179:. International Progress Organization.
950:. Oxford University Press. p. 39.
751:
744:
333:followed the "religion of Ibrahim, the
1095:A Concise Dictionary of Koranic Arabic
916:
422:, is thought to have been a native of
305:Oxford Islamic Studies online defines
1144:The Quest for the Historical Muhammad
1036:Ibn Rawandi, "Origins of Islam", 2000
386:The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen
271:" and applied to followers of an old
63:
7:
933:
781:
779:
480:adding citations to reliable sources
371:, "there is no evidence that a true
890:J. Payne Smith (Mrs. Margoliouth),
868:"The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon"
844:"The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon"
821:Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
238:Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
114:
105:
75:
1105:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam
1050:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam
1047:
25:
1200:Muhammad and the Origins of Islam
118:) are primarily used to refer to
707:Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia
610:and patrilineal third cousin to
456:
321:as the law of Ibrahim; the verb
45:Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia
1224:Muhammad: prophet and statesman
892:A Compendious Syriac Dictionary
467:needs additional citations for
178:Islamic prophets and messengers
1227:. Oxford University Press US.
1146:. Prometheus. pp. 89–124.
1035:
698:, similar concept with Judaism
1:
1137:. Cambridge University Press.
976:Oxford Islamic Studies Online
624:and converted to Christianity
788:Louis Jacobs (1995), p. 272
639:
544:
535:
529:
512:
448:List of Arabian monotheists
440:
373:
335:
329:
323:
317:
307:
290:
217:
208:
190:
164:
136:
130:and solely worshipping the
99:
57:
1268:
659:and later allied with the
539:eight times in the Quran.
430:. Therefore, according to
42:
31:
1252:Quranic words and phrases
410:shunning pork consumption
1219:Watt, William Montgomery
1102:Crone, Patricia (1987).
426:and a native speaker of
618:Uthman ibn al-Huwayrith
554:prophets and messengers
516:" – examples including
369:Encyclopædia Britannica
196:God-given infallibility
1151:Kaltner, John (1999).
946:Cook, Michael (1983).
673:early Muslim conquests
522:Khadija bint Khuwaylid
212:comes from the Arabic
38:Hanif (disambiguation)
36:. For other uses, see
679:Abu Qays ibn al-Aslaṭ
628:Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh
245:Francis Edward Peters
170:met the angel Gabriel
124:Abrahamic monotheists
1155:. Liturgical Press.
1069:In the Name of Allah
791:Turner (2005), p. 16
712:Perennial Philosophy
585:The four friends in
580:Hashim ibn Abd Manaf
476:improve this article
194:to underscore their
120:pre-Islamic Arabians
936:, pp. 117–119.
919:, pp. 122–124.
620:: travelled to the
347:, arising from the
188:—are classified as
717:People of the Book
604:Waraqah ibn Nawfal
518:Waraqah ibn Nawfal
379:pre-Islamic Arabia
315:Others translate
257:W. Montgomery Watt
128:Arabian polytheism
671:after subsequent
508:
507:
500:
388:, speaks of how "
367:According to the
267:in reference to "
16:(Redirected from
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1045:
1039:
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992:
991:
989:
987:
978:. Archived from
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803:
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783:
774:
773:
761:
755:
749:
722:Prisca theologia
642:
632:Kingdom of Aksum
622:Byzantine Empire
608:Nestorian priest
575:Khaled bin Sinan
547:
538:
532:
515:
503:
496:
492:
489:
483:
460:
452:
443:
420:Christian Church
377:cult existed in
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211:
193:
176:. Likewise, all
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86:
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69:
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21:
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1015:
1007:
1006:
995:
985:
983:
982:on June 2, 2018
970:
969:
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958:
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504:
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365:
204:
107:
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93:
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48:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1215:
1209:
1203:. SUNY Press.
1191:
1185:
1173:, ed. (1982).
1167:
1161:
1148:
1139:
1131:Hawting, G. R.
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1099:
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1013:britannica.com
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743:
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737:
736:
735:
733:Urmonotheismus
730:
725:
719:
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709:
704:
699:
693:
686:
683:
682:
681:
676:
663:then moved to
636:
635:
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615:
601:
583:
582:
577:
572:
570:Sa'id bin Zayd
567:
565:Seven Sleepers
562:
560:Old Najranites
557:
506:
505:
464:
462:
455:
449:
446:
364:
361:
357:Medinan period
203:
200:
162:himself was a
132:God of Abraham
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1264:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1236:
1234:0-19-881078-4
1230:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1210:0-7914-1875-8
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1195:Peters, F. E.
1192:
1188:
1186:3-7003-0339-4
1182:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1171:Köchler, Hans
1168:
1164:
1162:0-8146-5882-2
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1118:on 2016-05-28
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1002:
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905:
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901:
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869:
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849:
845:
839:
836:
824:. p. 210
823:
822:
814:
812:
808:
802:
800:
796:
790:
787:
786:
782:
780:
776:
771:
767:
760:
757:
754:, p. 29.
753:
748:
745:
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723:
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718:
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537:
531:
525:
523:
519:
514:
502:
499:
491:
488:November 2011
481:
477:
471:
470:
465:This section
463:
459:
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447:
445:
442:
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429:
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421:
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250:
246:
243:According to
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133:
129:
125:
121:
103:
101:
91:a renunciate
78:
73:
61:
59:
53:
46:
39:
35:
30:
19:
1223:
1199:
1175:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1120:. Retrieved
1113:the original
1104:
1094:
1072:. Retrieved
1068:
1059:
1049:
1043:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:
984:. Retrieved
980:the original
975:
966:
947:
941:
891:
886:
875:. Retrieved
871:
862:
851:. Retrieved
847:
838:
826:. Retrieved
820:
818:Wehr, Hans.
769:
766:Muslim World
765:
759:
752:Köchler 1982
747:
691:Banu Khuza'a
637:
598:Zayd ibn Amr
593:'s account:
584:
541:
526:
509:
494:
485:
474:Please help
469:verification
466:
414:
385:
383:
366:
352:
344:
314:
304:
286:Michael Cook
284:
242:
237:
205:
148:Christianity
97:
55:
54:, the terms
49:
29:
1097:. Reichert.
1018:23 February
917:Peters 1994
872:cal.huc.edu
848:cal.huc.edu
702:Abrahamites
432:Ibn Rawandi
363:Historicity
247:, in verse
168:(before he
1122:2020-02-23
1087:References
1074:28 October
1054:: p.190-91
986:28 October
957:0192876058
877:2023-12-06
853:2023-12-06
828:28 October
805:Lane, 1893
772:: 120–125.
408:, such as
349:participle
318:Hanīfiyyah
273:Hellenized
265:Christians
138:jahiliyyah
934:Watt 1974
728:Rahmanism
696:Noahidism
667:and onto
591:ibn Ishaq
424:Gaza City
324:taḥannafa
206:The term
202:Etymology
122:who were
1246:Category
1221:(1974).
1197:(1994).
1133:(1999).
948:Muhammad
685:See also
649:Banu Aws
612:Muhammad
606:: was a
552:All the
351:form of
160:Muhammad
1065:"hanif"
1048:Crone,
1038:: p.112
1009:"Hanif"
972:"Hanif"
661:Quraysh
545:ḥunafā'
416:Sozomen
398:Ishmael
390:Abraham
280:Arabian
251:of the
191:ḥunafā'
174:Ishmael
152:Abraham
144:Judaism
100:ḥunafā'
85:
1231:
1207:
1183:
1159:
1052:, 1987
954:
785:See:
653:Medina
513:hanifs
436:Arabia
428:Arabic
353:Muslim
341:verbal
276:Syrian
269:pagans
233:Syriac
96:) and
72:Arabic
34:Hanafi
18:Hanifs
1116:(PDF)
1109:(PDF)
739:Notes
669:Syria
665:Ta'if
657:9:107
640:Ḥanīf
589:from
587:Mecca
548:are:
536:ḥanīf
530:ḥanīf
441:ḥanīf
402:Hagar
394:Arabs
374:ḥanīf
345:Islam
343:term
336:hanif
330:ḥanīf
308:ḥanīf
300:Jesus
296:Moses
291:ḥanīf
253:Quran
209:ḥanīf
186:Jesus
182:Moses
165:ḥanīf
156:Quran
115:حنفاء
58:ḥanīf
52:Islam
1229:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1181:ISBN
1157:ISBN
1076:2019
1020:2020
988:2019
952:ISBN
830:2019
770:XXIX
406:Jews
400:and
278:and
263:and
261:Jews
249:3:67
214:root
184:and
108:PLUR
82:lit.
77:حنيف
66:SING
651:at
478:by
381:."
298:or
146:or
50:In
1248::
1067:.
1028:^
1011:.
996:^
974:.
924:^
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870:.
846:.
810:^
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778:^
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412:.
359:.
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198:.
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80:,
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1125:.
1078:.
1022:.
990:.
960:.
880:.
856:.
832:.
675:.
634:.
501:)
495:(
490:)
486:(
472:.
227:f
225:-
223:n
221:-
219:ḥ
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40:.
20:)
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