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but also from
Germany, Bohemia, Moravia and other places. A total of 70,000 Jews were still there. In this final phase of the camp operation, Bothmann supervised the murder of some 25,000 victims before finally, in mid-July 1944, the SS and police began deporting the remaining inhabitants of the Łódź
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broke down on the highway while conveying living victims, and exploded. The explosion blew off the locked back door, badly burning the victims inside. Bothmann's modifications to the execution methods included adding poison to the gasoline used (there is evidence that some red powder and a fluid were
298:
to exhume and cremate any remaining evidence of genocide. Bothmann took part in the shooting of the last Jewish workers. He fled the forest camp just before the arrival of the Soviet Army. Bothmann also served in the 7th SS-Division Prinz Eugen. His final assignment was in
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delivered from
Germany by Maks Sado freight company) in order to kill the prisoners more quickly. Another major change was to murder prisoners in parked vans instead of en route to the forest cremation area.
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at Chełmno, Hans
Bothmann made substantial changes to the camp's killing methods. These alterations were prompted by two incidents in March and April of that year. First, one of the
789:
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Captured in West
Germany by the British, he hanged himself while in custody, unaware that a life of freedom might have awaited him, similar to other mass murderers (
710:
1143:
328:
1128:
1133:
1153:
1045:
228:
575:
896:
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District already murdered, the camp was closed in March 1943. Bothmann was sent to
Yugoslavia, but a year later he was summoned back to
680:
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585:
477:
398:
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for supplementary data), operated under
Bothmann originally between the summer of 1942 and March 1943. With almost all Jews of the
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897:"Strippels Blutspur durch Europas KZs – Sie begann vor 70 Jahren hier in Unshausen, im heutigen Schwalm-Eder-Kreis"
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327:). Yet, Hans Bothmann was not alone. He was one of at least a dozen high-profile Nazi German functionaries and
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in order to supervise the renewed extermination operations at Chełmno, because the
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and other places. He committed suicide in
British custody in April 1946 while in
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The Main (or
Central) Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland (
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Concentration camps' functionaries - biographical notes and witness' account.
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Heiner
Lichtenstein, Daten aus der Zeitgeschichte, in: Tribüne Nr. 179/2006
804:
801:"MAIN COMMISSION FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES AGAINST THE POLISH NATION"
275:
709:
Juliet Golden (2006). K. D. Vitelli and J. S. Colwell-Chanthaphonh (ed.).
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Nazi concentration camp commandants who died by suicide in prison custody
198:
526:. Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies
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1020:
Genocide and international crimes in domestic courts. Chapter: Germany
441:
1047:
Chełmno and the
Holocaust: The History of Hitler's First Death Camp
906:(in German). Gedenkstätte Breitenau. pp. 57–62. Archived from
151:(November 11, 1911 – April 4, 1946) was the last commandant of the
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German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom
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172:
63:
990:"01.11.1941. Errichtung des ersten Vernichtungslagers in Chelmno"
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personnel, held in Poland and in Germany following World War II.
201:(northern Germany) in November 1911. He joined the paramilitary
761:
Main Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland,
629:"Jewish Survivors of Chelmno Camp Testify at Trial of Guards"
446:
Janusz Gulczyński: "Obóz śmierci w Chełmnie nad Nerem" (1991)
232:
A model of Magirus-Deutz gas van used for suffocation at the
687:(in German). Sunday News, das online magazin. Archived from
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1016:"Paragraph §220a (genocide) of Germany's Strafgesetzbuch"
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there. He was 27 years old at the time of the German
209:, HJ) in 1932. Soon, he got a full-time job with the
32:
Rare photograph of Hans Bothmann in civilian clothing
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Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce
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97:
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53:
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803:. THE INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL MEMORY. Archived from
580:. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 206–209.
442:"Review: Death Camp: "Chelmno upon Ner", Summary"
1169:Prisoners who died in British military detention
681:"'Mobile' Vergasungen von Menschen in Gaswagen"
544:
542:
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1159:People from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein
904:Archiv und Ausstellung der Universität Kassel
794:) founded in 1945 was the predecessor of the
399:List of people who died by suicide by hanging
282:continued to take in prisoners not only from
8:
307:and the Border Police before the war's end.
236:. This particular van has not been modified.
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240:During the summer of 1942, after replacing
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15:
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294:In September 1944, the SS brought in new
940:. Oxford University Press. p. 338.
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472:. Oxford University Press. p. 338.
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1144:Nazis who died by suicide in Germany
1119:Chełmno extermination camp personnel
996:. Fluchschrift - Deutsche Verbrechen
779:, with introduction by Leon Zamosc.
521:"Bothmann, Hans (1911 – 1946)"
911:(PDF file, direct download 78.2 KB)
847:. Nova Publishers. pp. 11–12.
524:(PDF file, direct download 19.6 KB)
159:card number 117630); leader of the
1055:University of North Carolina Press
931:Catherine Epstein (Mar 22, 2012).
466:Catherine Epstein (Mar 22, 2012).
14:
1129:Holocaust perpetrators in Germany
796:Institute of National Remembrance
425:Institute of National Remembrance
331:who committed suicide, including
1134:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
1022:. Prevent Genocide International
715:. Rowman Altamira. p. 189.
685:Artikel-Schlagworte: „Ermordung"
1154:Suicides by hanging in Germany
679:Rena Jacob (23 January 2013).
161:SS Special Detachment Bothmann
1:
379:('43) among other nationals.
838:David Lester (Jan 1, 2005).
661:. Jewish Virtual Library.org
635:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1185:
1044:Montague, Patrick (2012),
393:Chełmno extermination camp
234:Chełmno extermination camp
182:
153:Chełmno extermination camp
577:The Gas Vans (Appendix I)
574:Patrick Montague (2012).
83:
25:
1114:People from Dithmarschen
627:JTA (January 22, 1963).
556:. Axis History. Mar 2012
554:SS & Polizei section
777:Jewish Gombin Genealogy
764:German Crimes in Poland
429:Retrieved May 25, 2013.
217:, and in 1937 became a
185:The Holocaust in Poland
68:Allied-occupied Germany
841:Who Committed Suicide?
788:
469:Two Souls in my Breast
329:Holocaust perpetrators
237:
215:Stapoleitstelle Berlin
104:
988:Fluchschrift (2013).
807:on February 12, 1997.
373:Manfred von Killinger
231:
189:Bothmann was born in
183:Further information:
165:extermination of Jews
114:Years of service
1164:Hitler Youth members
766:(Warsaw: 1946, 1947)
149:Hans Johann Bothmann
137:SS-Totenkopfverbände
1149:SS-Hauptsturmführer
712:Remembering Chełmno
659:The Forgotten Camps
655:"Chelmno (Kulmhof)"
519:Yad Vashem (2013).
74:Cause of death
895:Thomas Schattner.
771:2011-06-28 at the
550:"SS Hans Bothmann"
289:Auschwitz-Birkenau
238:
223:invasion of Poland
78:Suicide by hanging
1124:Gestapo personnel
333:Theodor Dannecker
219:Kriminalkommissar
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41:November 11, 1911
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377:Hans Jeschonnek
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191:Lohe-Rickelshof
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440:Ada Holtzman.
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389:Chełmno Trials
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341:Richard Glücks
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448:. We Remember
447:
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419:Hans Bothmann
414:
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361:Otto Thierack
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296:Commando 1005
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262:death factory
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247:Herbert Lange
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48:German Empire
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20:Hans Bothmann
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1075:
1068:, retrieved
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1024:. Retrieved
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1014:PGI (2013).
1009:
998:. Retrieved
993:
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951:. Retrieved
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915:. Retrieved
908:the original
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858:. Retrieved
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805:the original
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726:. Retrieved
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693:. Retrieved
689:the original
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663:. Retrieved
658:
653:JVL (2013).
648:
637:. Retrieved
632:
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450:. Retrieved
445:
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365:Walter Frank
314:
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207:Hitlerjugend
206:
203:Hitler Youth
197:district of
195:Dithmarschen
188:
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148:
144:
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92:Nazi Germany
59:(1946-04-04)
44:Dithmarschen
1104:1946 deaths
1094:1911 births
971:|work=
878:|work=
745:|work=
633:JTA Archive
610:|work=
502:|work=
375:('44), and
280:Łódź Ghetto
169:Łódź Ghetto
1088:Categories
1038:References
1026:2013-05-20
1000:2013-05-17
934:Model Nazi
917:2013-04-26
854:1594544271
728:2013-05-11
722:075910963X
695:2013-05-25
665:2013-05-10
639:2013-05-17
593:2013-05-15
560:2013-05-25
530:2013-05-25
485:2013-05-20
452:2013-05-14
369:Robert Ley
357:Karl Jäger
321:Reinefarth
287:ghetto to
271:Wartheland
117:until 1945
88:Allegiance
973:ignored (
963:cite book
880:ignored (
870:cite book
792:, GKBZNwP
747:ignored (
737:cite book
612:ignored (
602:cite book
504:ignored (
494:cite book
349:Ilse Koch
301:Flensburg
167:from the
128:(Captain)
769:Archived
383:See also
317:Strippel
251:gas vans
199:Holstein
98:Service/
1070:May 24,
953:May 26,
860:May 27,
391:of the
371:('45),
367:('45),
363:('46),
359:('59),
355:('45),
351:('67),
347:('45),
343:('45),
339:('45),
335:('45),
325:Fiedler
311:Suicide
259:Chełmno
213:office
211:Gestapo
1061:
944:
851:
785:Polish
719:
584:
476:
427:2012.
276:Poznań
179:Career
100:branch
900:(PDF)
781:Note:
417:IPN,
405:Notes
303:with
173:Heide
64:Heide
1072:2013
1059:ISBN
975:help
955:2013
942:ISBN
882:help
862:2013
849:ISBN
749:help
717:ISBN
614:help
582:ISBN
506:help
474:ISBN
305:SIPO
257:The
133:Unit
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