1245:
The
Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Volume 6: The Completion of Quantum Mechanics 1926-1941, Part 1: The Probability Interpretation and the Statistical Transformation Theory, the Physical Interpretation, and the Empirical and Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
554:
to Göttingen to fill Frank's position as ordinarius professor and director of the Second
Physics Institute. In 1942, Kopfermann was appointed as ordinarius professor on the chair for experimental physics, formerly held by Franck and then Joos. From the start, he worked on the
550:). In 1935, an ordinance related to the Civil Services act, the Law on the Retirement and Transfer of Professors as a Result of the Reorganization of the German System of Higher Education, was used to forcibly transfer
424:
and anti-theoretical physics. As applied in the university environment, political factors took priority over the historically applied concept of scholarly ability, even though its two most prominent supporters were the
519:, and Ludwig Wesch. The discussion was led by Gustav Borer, with Herbert Stuart and Johannes Malsch as observers. While the technical outcome of the event may have been thin, it was a political victory against
1335:
1310:
1325:
533:
1320:
384:, influenced the next generation of nuclear physicists. In 1941, against his will, Kopfermann was named dean of the University by the rector, which pressured Kopfermann into joining the
585:, Kopferman, with a couple of physicists under his direction, investigated and developed isotope separation techniques; their work included the construction of a mass spectrograph. The
241:
103:
872:
Untersuchungen ĂĽber die anomale
Dispersion angeregter Gase II Teil. Anomale Dispersion in angeregtem Neon EinfluĂź von Strom und Druck, Bildung und Vernichtung angeregter Atome
768:
Untersuchungen ĂĽber die anomale
Dispersion angeregter Gase II Teil. Anomale Dispersion in angeregtem Neon EinfluĂź von Strom und Druck, Bildung und Vernichtung angeregter Atome
1330:
1340:
1300:
589:
was listed as one of twenty-five commissioned nuclear research projects granted between 1 April 1943 and 31 March 1944; the classified list accompanied a letter from
291:
1305:
489:
movement. Finkelnburg invited five representatives to make arguments for theoretical physics and academic decisions based on ability, rather than politics:
1315:
373:
1285:
617:
1350:
547:
265:
33:
1345:
777:
Volume 48, Numbers 1-2, 26-50 (1928). The authors were identified as being at Berlin-Dahlem. The article was received on
December 17, 1927.
1032:
472:
1290:
1295:
1260:
1215:
1201:
255:
695:
490:
350:
710:
Kopfermann was afforded a number of honors, which included election to the
Academies of Göttingen, Heidelberg, and Copenhagen.
440:
became
Chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933, the concept and movement took on more favor and more fervor. Supporters of
556:
113:
647:(DAtK, German Atomic Energy Commission). Other members of the Nuclear Physics Working Group in both 1956 and 1957 were:
601:(Reich Research Council) on 18 April 1944. Electromagnetic mass spectrometry was investigated for the separation of
1112:
Listing of
Nuclear Research Commissions Enclosed with a Letter to the President of the Reich Research Council
572:, studied atomic beams, resonance, and the biological effects of radiation, and developed methods of optical
426:
365:
1143:
Werner
Heisenberg and the German Uranium Project / Otto Hahn and the Declarations of Mainau and Göttingen
1084:
Werner
Heisenberg and the German Uranium Project / Otto Hahn and the Declarations of Mainau and Göttingen
680:
1280:
1275:
823:
672:
394:
668:
596:
305:
301:
732:
Physics of the electron shells (The American FIAT review of German science, 1939-1945, Volume 12)
393:
While at the University of Kiel, Kopfermann was a principal participant in an event organized by
1003:
by Wolfgang Finkelnburg printed in Hentschel, 1996, 339-345. Also see Beyerchen, 1977, 176-179.
536:
was passed, which resulted in resignations and emigrations of many physicists, one of them was
1256:
1241:
1211:
1197:
648:
586:
451:
447:
867:
831:
763:
660:
516:
512:
281:
691:
406:
297:
150:
890:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entries for Kopfermann and Landenburg.
685:
827:
1038:
734:(Office of Military Government for Germany Field Information Agencies, Technical, 1948)
676:
573:
502:
433:
429:
356:
1269:
1237:
1179:
Volume 4, Number 4 (April 1948), reprinted in Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 393-395.
1043:
1028:
699:
656:
494:
215:
123:
60:
1206:
Hentschel, Klaus (editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (editorial assistant and translator)
1146:
1087:
32:
1108:
590:
537:
529:
525:
and signaled the decline of the influence of the movement within the German Reich.
437:
421:
338:
326:
314:
269:
227:
223:
219:
183:
160:
82:
288:(Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry; today, the
483:, which took place on 15 November 1940. The event was an offensive against the
261:
199:
56:
457:
It was in the summer of 1940 that Finkelnburg became an acting director of the
1194:
Scientists Under Hitler: Politics and the Physics Community in the Third Reich
664:
652:
551:
498:
334:
330:
308:
of spectral lines, which began his pioneering work on measuring nuclear spin.
207:
78:
211:
203:
811:
446:
launched vicious attacks against leading theoretical physicists, including
390:(NSDAP, National Socialist Workers Party). He remained at Kiel until 1942.
569:
1123:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Kopfermann.
1099:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Kopfermann.
954:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Kopfermann.
908:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Kopfermann.
848:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Kopfermann.
1173:
Document 117 Max von Laue: The Wartime Activities of German Scientists
602:
93:
608:
From 1953, Kopfermann was an ordinarius professor and director of the
463:(NSDDB, National Socialist German University Lecturers League) at the
1228:
Volume 136-137, Numbers 3-8, 783-802 (2001). Institutional citation:
1055:
Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entries for Kopfermann and Joos.
835:
167:
990:
Hentschel, 1996, 290 and Appendix F (see the entry for Finkelnburg).
226:, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the
1253:
German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939–1949
1222:
Theodor Schmidt and Hans Kopfermann – Pioneers in Hyperfine Physics
1171:, which covered the period 1930 to 1946 – cited by Max von Laue in
286:
Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut fĂĽr physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie
134:
Election to the Academies of Göttingen, Heidelberg, and Copenhagen
1145:, Preprint 203 (Max-Planck Institut fĂĽr Wissenschaftsgeschichte,
1086:, Preprint 203 (Max-Planck Institut fĂĽr Wissenschaftsgeschichte,
1035:, to select Finkelnburg in 1941 as his deputy. See Document 86:
623:
1208:
Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources
403:(“Munich Synod”), signaled the decline of the influence of the
566:
378:. In 1940, the publication of his book on the nuclear moment,
280:
After receipt of his doctorate, Kopferman went to work with
1114:
in Document #104 in Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 322-324.
727:(Akademischer Verlag, 1940, 1956, and Academic Press, 1958)
629:
During 1956 and 1957, Kopfermann was vice-chairman of the
534:
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
218:
investigations, and he did pioneering work in measuring
1158:
Mehra and Rechenberg, Volume 6, Part 1, 2000, 351n413.
1132:
Mehra and Rechenberg, Volume 6, Part 1, 2000, 351n413.
1064:
Mehra and Rechenberg, Volume 6, Part 1, 2000, 351n413.
917:
Mehra and Rechenberg, Volume 6, Part 1, 2000, 351n413.
899:
Mehra and Rechenberg, Volume 6, Part 1, 2000, 351n413.
857:
Mehra and Rechenberg, Volume 6, Part 1, 2000, 351n413.
1311:
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
179:
166:
156:
145:
130:
119:
109:
99:
89:
67:
42:
23:
1336:Academic staff of Technische Universität Darmstadt
1231:II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen
593:, Reich Planning Officer, to the president of the
543:II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen
337:. From 1933 to 1937, he was a senior assistant to
783:Experimenteller Nachweis der negativen Dispersion
242:Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
104:Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
292:Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
1326:Academic staff of Technische Universität Berlin
1021:In part, Finkelnburg’s role in organizing the
460:Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Dozentenbund
387:Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
1321:Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
651:(chairman), Hans Kopfermann (vice-chairman),
641:(Commission II “Research and Growth”) of the
8:
1229:
1022:
940:
876:
870:
787:
781:
772:
766:
747:
738:
702:was also a member of the group during 1957.
642:
636:
630:
615:
609:
594:
580:
560:
541:
520:
506:
484:
478:
470:
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458:
441:
415:
404:
398:
385:
379:
371:
363:
348:
342:
320:
312:
289:
253:
247:
239:
1046:, 4 June 1944, in Hentschel, 1996, 267-268.
638:Fachkommission II „Forschung und Nachwuchs“
622:. While there, he served on the council of
565:(Uranium Club). Additionally, he built a 6-
333:at the Institute of Theoretical Physics in
272:. He received his doctorate there in 1925.
31:
20:
329:. He then spent a year of research under
300:. Kopfermann investigated dispersion and
1331:Academic staff of the University of Kiel
930:in Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 54-59.
325:, which meant that he had completed his
1341:Academic staff of Heidelberg University
1301:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
802:
635:(Nuclear Physics Working Group) of the
501:, Otto Heckmann, and Hans Kopfermann.
374:Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
928:Hans Kopfermann: Letter to Niels Bohr
780:Rudolf Landenburg and Hans Kopfermann
618:Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
304:. In 1931, he began the study of the
7:
1306:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
881:Volume 48, Numbers 1-2, 26-50 (1928)
548:Georg-August University of Göttingen
266:Georg-August University of Göttingen
238:Kopfermann began his studies at the
1033:Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
284:, who was a staff scientist at the
264:, he continued his studies at the
214:. He devoted his entire career to
210:) was a German atomic and nuclear
14:
1177:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
1167:There were 50-odd volumes of the
614:(First Physics Institute) at the
546:(Second Physics Institute at the
1001:The Fight against Party Politics
473:Technische Universität Darmstadt
1286:Nuclear program of Nazi Germany
466:Technische Hochschule Darmstadt
1351:20th-century German physicists
1316:University of Göttingen alumni
1169:FIAT Reviews of German Science
749:Ăśber optisches Pumpen an Gasen
477:). As such, he organized the
370:(ordinarius professor) at the
322:Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
256:Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
249:Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
114:Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
1:
696:Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
557:German nuclear energy project
491:Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
362:From 1937, Kopfermann was an
351:Technische Universität Berlin
344:Technische Hochschule Berlin
16:German physicist (1895–1963)
1346:People associated with CERN
1024:Münchner Religionsgespräche
740:Physik der ElektronenhĂĽllen
511:, invited Harald Volkmann,
480:Münchner Religionsgespräche
411:(German physics) movement.
400:Münchner Religionsgespräche
1367:
945:(Akademische Verlag, 1940)
792:Volume 139, 375–385 (1928)
611:I. Physikalisches Institut
540:, who was director of the
427:Nobel Laureates in Physics
397:. The event, known as the
311:In 1932, Kopfermann was a
1291:Scientists from Wiesbaden
1012:Beyerchen, 1977, 176-179.
981:Beyerchen, 1977, 103-140.
963:Beyerchen, 1997, 141-167.
810:Schneider, E. E. (1963).
189:
138:
30:
1296:People from Hesse-Nassau
972:Beyerchen, 1977, 79-102.
812:"Prof. Hans Kopfermann"
644:Deutsche Atomkommission
632:Arbeitskreis Kernphysik
532:became Chancellor, the
528:In 1933, shortly after
1230:
1226:Hyperfine Interactions
1031:, as president of the
1023:
941:
878:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Physik
877:
871:
789:Z. Phys. Chemie Abt. A
788:
782:
774:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Physik
773:
767:
748:
739:
643:
637:
631:
616:
610:
595:
581:
579:As a principal in the
561:
542:
521:
507:
485:
479:
471:
465:
459:
442:
416:
405:
399:
386:
380:
372:
366:ordentlicher Professor
364:
349:
343:
321:
313:
290:
254:
248:
240:
206:– 26 January 1963, in
757:Selected publications
743:(Verlag Chemie, 1953)
357:Berlin–Charlottenburg
37:Hans Kopfermann, 1937
1073:Walker, 1993, 52-53.
866:Hans Kopfermann and
762:Hans Kopfermann and
673:Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
559:, also known as the
395:Wolfgang Finkelnburg
1210:(Birkhäuser, 1996)
1192:Beyerchen, Alan D.
828:1963Natur.200..403S
669:Willibald Jentschke
597:Reichsforschungsrat
306:hyperfine structure
302:stimulated emission
198:(26 April 1895, in
1255:(Cambridge, 1993)
1220:Lieb, Klaus-Peter
515:, Wilhelm MĂĽller,
1242:Helmut Rechenberg
822:(4905): 403–404.
649:Werner Heisenberg
587:mass spectrograph
505:, a supporter of
452:Werner Heisenberg
448:Arnold Sommerfeld
193:
192:
180:Academic advisors
140:Scientific career
1358:
1248:(Springer, 2000)
1233:
1180:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1062:
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1053:
1047:
1026:
1019:
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1010:
1004:
997:
991:
988:
982:
979:
973:
970:
964:
961:
955:
952:
946:
944:
939:Hans Kopfermann
937:
931:
924:
918:
915:
909:
906:
900:
897:
891:
888:
882:
880:
874:
868:Rudolf Ladenburg
864:
858:
855:
849:
846:
840:
839:
836:10.1038/200403b0
807:
791:
785:
776:
770:
764:Rudolf Ladenburg
752:(Springer, 1960)
751:
746:Hans Kopfermann
742:
737:Hans Kopfermann
730:Hans Kopfermann
719:Hans Kopfermann
689:
681:Wolfgang Riezler
661:Wolfgang Gentner
646:
640:
634:
621:
613:
600:
584:
564:
545:
524:
517:Rudolf Tomaschek
510:
488:
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369:
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324:
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282:Rudolf Ladenburg
259:
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52:
50:
35:
21:
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865:
861:
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852:
847:
843:
809:
808:
804:
799:
759:
725:Nuclear Momenta
716:
708:
692:Wilhelm Walcher
683:
522:deutsche Physik
508:deutsche Physik
486:deutsche Physik
443:deutsche Physik
417:deutsche Physik
407:deutsche Physik
278:
236:
196:Hans Kopfermann
173:
151:nuclear physics
110:Alma mater
85:
76:
72:
71:26 January 1963
63:
54:
48:
46:
38:
26:
25:Hans Kopfermann
17:
12:
11:
5:
1364:
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1354:
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1249:
1238:Mehra, Jagdish
1235:
1218:
1204:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1160:
1151:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1101:
1092:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:Ludwig Prandtl
1014:
1005:
999:Document 110:
992:
983:
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677:Josef Mattauch
574:interferometry
434:Johannes Stark
430:Philipp Lenard
277:
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126:investigations
121:
120:Known for
117:
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107:
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77:
75:(aged 67)
69:
65:
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1261:0-521-43804-7
1258:
1254:
1251:Walker, Mark
1250:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:0-8176-5312-0
1213:
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1205:
1203:
1202:0-300-01830-4
1199:
1196:(Yale, 1977)
1195:
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1061:
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1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:Carl Ramsauer
1041:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1029:Carl Ramsauer
1025:
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700:Wolfgang Paul
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657:Walther Bothe
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513:Bruno ThĂĽring
509:
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495:Otto Scherzer
492:
487:
481:
475:
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467:
461:
455:
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431:
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423:
420:movement was
418:
412:
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298:Berlin-Dahlem
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216:spectroscopic
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124:Spectroscopic
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62:
61:German Empire
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530:Adolf Hitler
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469:(today, the
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438:Adolf Hitler
422:anti-Semitic
413:
392:
361:
347:(today, the
339:Gustav Hertz
327:Habilitation
315:Privatdozent
310:
285:
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270:James Franck
252:(today, the
237:
228:Uranium Club
224:World War II
220:nuclear spin
195:
194:
184:James Franck
161:Uranium Club
157:Institutions
139:
83:West Germany
73:(1963-01-26)
18:
1281:1963 deaths
1276:1895 births
1141:Horst Kant
1082:Horst Kant
1027:influenced
942:Kernmomente
721:Kernmomente
684: [
503:Alfons BĂĽhl
381:Kernmomente
262:World War I
200:Breckenheim
149:Atomic and
90:Nationality
57:Breckenheim
1270:Categories
1187:References
1037:Letter to
665:Otto Haxel
653:Fritz Bopp
605:isotopes.
582:Uranverein
562:Uranverein
552:Georg Joos
499:Georg Joos
335:Copenhagen
331:Niels Bohr
208:Heidelberg
79:Heidelberg
49:1895-04-26
1246:1926-1932
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146:Fields
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1257:ISBN
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