Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)

7276: 388:. J-M304 (Transcaucasian origin) is defined by the M304 genetic marker, or the equivalent 12f2.1 marker. The main current subgroups J-M267 (Armenian highlands origin) and J-M172 (Zagros mountains origin), which now comprise between them almost all of the haplogroup's descendant lineages, are both believed to have arisen very early, at least 10,000 years ago. Nonetheless, Y-chromosomes F-M89* and IJ-M429* were reported to have been observed in the Iranian plateau (Grugni et al. 2012). 396:. They then subsequently split into Hg J and Hg I in Middle East and Europe in a typical disjunctive phylogeographic pattern. Such a geographic hall is prone to have encountered extra consequent gene streams, including the horticultural settlers. Moreover, the unification of haplogroups IJK creates evolutionary distance from F–H delegates, as well as supporting the inference that both IJ-M429 and KT-M9 arose closer to the Middle East than Central or East Asia. 49: 3541: 2452:

new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

265: 4321:

Haber, Marc; Platt, Daniel E.; Ashrafian Bonab, Maziar; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Douaihy, Bouchra; Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella; Rafatpanah, Hoshang; Ghanbari, Mohsen; Whale, John; Balanovsky, Oleg; Wells, R. Spencer; Comas, David; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Zalloua,

3424:

There are several confirmed and proposed phylogenetic trees available for haplogroup J-M304. The scientifically accepted one is the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC) one published in Karafet 2008 and subsequently updated. A draft tree that shows emerging science is provided by Thomas Krahn at the Genomic

391:

On the other hand, it would seem to be that different episodes of populace movement had impacted southeast Europe, as well as the role of the Balkans as a long-standing corridor to Europe from the Near East is shown by the phylogenetic unification of Hgs I and J by the basal M429 mutation. This proof

2451:

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single

5149:

Capelli, Cristian; Brisighelli, Francesca; Scarnicci, Francesca; Arredi, Barbara; Caglia’, Alessandra; Vetrugno, Giuseppe; Tofanelli, Sergio; Onofri, Valerio; Tagliabracci, Adriano; Paoli, Giorgio; Pascali, Vincenzo L. (July 2007). "Y chromosome genetic variation in the Italian peninsula is clinal

5028:

Bosch, E.; Calafell, F.; Gonzalez-Neira, A.; Flaiz, C.; Mateu, E.; Scheil, H.-G.; Huckenbeck, W.; Efremovska, L.; Mikerezi, I.; Xirotiris, N.; Grasa, C.; Schmidt, H.; Comas, D. (July 2006). "Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except

5101:

Capelli, C.; Redhead, N.; Romano, V.; Cali, F.; Lefranc, G.; Delague, V.; Megarbane, A.; Felice, A. E.; Pascali, V. L.; Neophytou, P. I.; Poulli, Z.; Novelletto, A.; Malaspina, P.; Terrenato, L.; Berebbi, A.; Fellous, M.; Thomas, M. G.; Goldstein, D. B. (March 2006). "Population Structure in the

1921:

J-M304* includes all of J-M304 except for J-M267, J-M172 and their subclades. J-M304* is rarely found outside of the island of Socotra, belonging to Yemen, where it is extremely frequent at 71.4% and j1-267 for the rest with no j2 Haplogroup J-M304* also has been found with lower frequency in

6104:

Shen, Peidong; Lavi, Tal; Kivisild, Toomas; Chou, Vivian; Sengun, Deniz; Gefel, Dov; Shpirer, Issac; Woolf, Eilon; et al. (2004). "Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence Variation".

7935:

K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik

5561:

Gonçalves, Rita; Freitas, Ana; Branco, Marta; Rosa, Alexandra; Fernandes, Ana T.; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Underhill, Peter A.; Kivisild, Toomas; Brehm, Antonio (2005). "Y-chromosome lineages from Portugal, Madeira and Açores record elements of Sephardim and Berber ancestry".

1988:

have however failed to find J* people anywhere in the world although there are 2 J2-Y130506 persons and 1 J1 person from Soqotra. But Cerny 2009 study found 9 J1 persons in Soqotra/Socotra and majority of J* and no J2, hypothesizing a J1 founder effect in Socotra.

5387:

Eaaswarkhanth, Muthukrishnan; Haque, Ikramul; Ravesh, Zeinab; Romero, Irene Gallego; Meganathan, Poorlin Ramakodi; Dubey, Bhawna; Khan, Faizan Ahmed; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Kivisild, Toomas; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Singh, Lalji; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy (March 2010).

5311:

Di Giacomo, F.; Luca, F.; Anagnou, N.; Ciavarella, G.; Corbo, R.M.; Cresta, M.; Cucci, F.; Di Stasi, L.; et al. (2003). "Clinal patterns of human Y chromosomal diversity in continental Italy and Greece are dominated by drift and founder effects".

4826:

Al-Zahery, N.; Semino, O.; Benuzzi, G.; Magri, C.; Passarino, G.; Torroni, A.; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A.S. (September 2003). "Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations".

4038: 5966:

Onofri, Valerio; Alessandrini, Federica; Turchi, Chiara; Pesaresi, Mauro; Tagliabracci, Adriano (2008). "Y-chromosome markers distribution in Northern Africa: High-resolution SNP and STR analysis in Tunisia and Morocco populations".

5431:

El-Sibai, M.; Platt, D. E.; Haber, M.; Xue, Y.; Youhanna, S. C.; Wells, R. S.; Izaabel, H.; Sanyoura, M. F.; Harmanani, H.; Bonab, M. A.; Behbehani, J.; Hashwa, F.; Tyler-Smith, C.; Zalloua, P. A.; Genographic, Consortium (2009).

6023:

Robino, C.; Crobu, F.; Di Gaetano, C.; Bekada, A.; Benhamamouch, S.; Cerutti, N.; Piazza, A.; Inturri, S.; Torre, C. (2008). "Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample".

4646:

Schuenemann, V. J.; Peltzer, A.; Welte, B.; Van Pelt, W. P.; Molak, M.; Wang, C. C.; Furtwängler, A.; Urban, C.; Reiter, E.; Nieselt, K.; Teßmann, B.; Francken, M.; Harvati, K.; Haak, W.; Schiffels, S.; Krause, J. (2017).

5273:

Cinnioglu, Cengiz; King, Roy; Kivisild, Toomas; Kalfoglu, Ersi; Atasoy, Sevil; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L.; Lillie, Anita S.; Roseman, Charles C.; et al. (2004). "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia".

5806:

Martinez, Laisel; Underhill, Peter A; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Gayden, Tenzin; Moschonas, Nicholas K; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T; Conti, Simon; Mamolini, Elisabetta; Cavalli-Sforza, L Luca; Herrera, Rene J (April 2007).

5349:

Di Giacomo, F.; Luca, F.; Popa, L. O.; Akar, N.; Anagnou, N.; Banyko, J.; Brdicka, R.; Barbujani, G.; et al. (2004). "Y chromosomal haplogroup J as a signature of the post-neolithic colonization of Europe".

5850:

Mirabal S, Varljen T, Gayden T, et al. (July 2010). "Human Y-chromosome short tandem repeats: A tale of acculturation and migrations as mechanisms for the diffusion of agriculture in the Balkan Peninsula".

4069: 6727:"Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists" 4435:"Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists" 7771: 3737: 6805:

This table shows the historic names for J-M304 (a.k.a. J-P209, and J-12f2.1) in published peer reviewed literature. Note that in Semino 2000 Eu09 is a subclade of Eu10 and in Karafet 2001

1992:

The following gives a summary of most of the studies which specifically tested for J-M267 and J-M172, showing its distribution in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia.

6142:

Xue, Yali; Zerjal, Tatiana; Bao, Weidong; Zhu, Suling; Shu, Qunfang; Xu, Jiujin; Du, Ruofu; Fu, Songbin; Li, Pu; Hurles, Matthew E; Yang, Huanming; Tyler-Smith, Chris (1 April 2006).

5724:

Luca, F.; Di Giacomo, F.; Benincasa, T.; Popa, L.O.; Banyko, J.; Kracmarova, A.; Malaspina, P.; Novelletto, A.; Brdicka, R. (2007). "Y-chromosomal variation in the Czech Republic".

3722: 6549:

Semino, O.; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; et al. (2000), "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective",

6063:"Origin, diffusion, and differentiation of Y-chromosome haplogroups E and J: inferences on the neolithization of Europe and later migratory events in the Mediterranean area" 4525:"Y-chromosome distributions among populations in Northwest China identify significant contribution from Central Asian pastoralists and lesser influence of western Eurasians" 2102:). Some figures above tend to be the larger ones obtained in some studies, while the smaller figures obtained in other studies are omitted. It is also highly frequent among 4494:

Y-chromosome distributions among populations in Northwest China identify significant contribution from Central Asian pastoralists and lesser influence of western Eurasians

3965: 5609:

Hammer, Michael F.; Behar, Doron M.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Mendez, Fernando L.; Hallmark, Brian; Erez, Tamar; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Rosset, Saharon; Skorecki, Karl (2009).

6061:

Semino, Ornella; Magri, Chiara; Benuzzi, Giorgia; Lin, Alice A.; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Battaglia, Vincenza; Maccioni, Liliana; Triantaphyllidis, Costas; et al. (2004).

3742: 5518:

Flores, Carlos; Maca-Meyer, Nicole; González, Ana M; Oefner, Peter J; Shen, Peidong; Pérez, Jose A; Rojas, Antonio; Larruga, Jose M; Underhill, Peter A (October 2004).

3752: 3747: 7798:

Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome".

3732: 6630:

Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; et al. (November 2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations".

3677: 2446: 7069:

This table shows the historic names for J-M172 in published peer reviewed literature. Note that in Semino 2000 Eu09 is a subclade of Eu10 and in Karafet 2001

5230:

Chiaroni, Jacques; King, Roy J; Myres, Natalie M; Henn, Brenna M; Ducourneau, Axel; Mitchell, Michael J; Boetsch, Gilles; Sheikha, Issa; et al. (2010).

5187:

Chiaroni, Jacques; King, Roy J; Myres, Natalie M; Henn, Brenna M; Ducourneau, Axel; Mitchell, Michael J; Boetsch, Gilles; Sheikha, Issa; et al. (2009).

6307: 4507: 7212: 4985:

Battaglia, Vincenza; Fornarino, Simona; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Myres, Natalie M; King, Roy J; Rootsi, Siiri; et al. (2009).

3727: 3672: 4182: 6185:

Zalloua, Pierre A.; Platt, Daniel E.; El Sibai, Mirvat; Khalife, Jade; Makhoul, Nadine; Haber, Marc; Xue, Yali; Izaabel, Hassan; et al. (2008).

2437:

are the branches of haplogroups. These subclades are also defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or unique event polymorphisms (UEPs).

7776: 2370:) Subclades of M172 such as M67 and M92 were not found in either Indian or Pakistani samples which also might hint at a partial common origin.( 3442: 282: 4496: 6924:

This table shows the historic names for J-M267 and its earlier discovered and named subclade J-M62 in published peer reviewed literature.

392:

of common ancestry suggests that ancestral Hgs IJ-M429* probably would have entered Europe through the Balkan track sometime before the

3662: 7260: 3757: 3697: 348: 189: 5990:"High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations" 6465:"Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages" 7995: 5880:

Nasidze, I.; Ling, E. Y. S.; Quinque, D.; Dupanloup, I.; Cordaux, R.; Rychkov, S.; Naumova, O.; Zhukova, O.; et al. (2004).

4109: 329: 3924: 7250: 583: 301: 5520:"Reduced genetic structure of the Iberian peninsula revealed by Y-chromosome analysis: implications for population demography" 4899:

Arredi, B; Poloni, E; Paracchini, S; Zerjal, T; Fathallah, D; Makrelouf, M; Pascali, V; Novelletto, A; Tyler-Smith, C (2004).

2203:, are tightly clustered near high-frequency haplotypes. This suggests that founder effects with star burst expansion into the 4942:

Balanovsky, O.; Dibirova, K.; Dybo, A.; Mudrak, O.; Frolova, S.; Pocheshkhova, E.; Haber, M.; Platt, D.; et al. (2011).

286: 4117: 2421:. Only far northwestern ethnic minorities had haplogroup J in Xinjiang, China. Uzbeks in the sample had 30.4% J2-M172 and 6357:"A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania" 308: 6335: 5763:

Luis, J; Rowold, D; Regueiro, M; Caeiro, B; Cinnioglu, C; Roseman, C; Underhill, P; Cavallisforza, L; Herrera, R (2004).

5923:

Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Brinkmann, Bernd; Majumder, Partha P.; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella (November 2001).

4381:

Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Brinkmann, Bernd; Majumder, Partha P.; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella (November 2001).

6789: 6258: 4523:

Shou, Wei-Hua; Qiao, Wn-Fa; Wei, Chuan-Yu; Dong, Yong-Li; Tan, Si-Jie; Shi, Hong; Tang, Wen-Ru; Xiao, Chun-Jie (2010).

3849: 3571:

This is the official scientific tree produced by the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). The last major update was in 2008 (

6291: 4781:

Abu-Amero, Khaled K; Hellani, Ali; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Underhill, Peter A (2009).

2183:. Moreover, the network analysis of J-P58 haplotypes shows that some of the populations with low diversity, such as 447:, especially in central and southern Italy, Malta, Greece and Albania. The J-M410 subclade is mostly distributed in 315: 3925:"Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes" 7917:

Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

6311: 4504: 3784: 3779: 3667: 2675: 2159:

The origin of the J-P58 subclade is likely in the more northerly populations and then spreads southward into the

889: 4039:"Out of Arabia—the settlement of island Socotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity" 7439: 3771: 3575:). Subsequent updates have been quarterly and biannual. The current (2022) version is of the 2019/2020 update. 3285: 3041: 2919: 2858: 297: 6265:

Population-genetic study of the peoples of Dagestan on the data on Y-chromosome and ATD-insertion polymorphism

3224: 3163: 3102: 2980: 2797: 2736: 2614: 7379: 4178: 7963:

Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

7642: 7369: 6587:"Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age" 6260:ПОПУЛЯЦИОННО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НАРОДОВ ДАГЕСТАНА ПО ДАННЫМ О ПОЛИМОРФИЗМЕ У-ХРОМОСОМЫ И АТД-ИНСЕРЦИЙ 2359: 275: 7972:

Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

7466: 7449: 6680: 5066:

Cadenas, Alicia M; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L; Underhill, Peter A; Herrera, Rene J (2008).

3825: 7631: 7623: 7363: 7228: 6355:

Capelli, Cristian; Wilson, James F.; Richards, Martin; Stumpf, Michael P.H.; et al. (February 2001).

6238:

Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms

4649:"Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods" 3868:"Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods" 3594: 412: 7457: 4503:, Journal of Human Genetics (2010) 55, 314–322; doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.30; published online 23 April 2010, 7693: 7539: 5681:

Karafet, T. M.; Mendez, F. L.; Meilerman, M. B.; Underhill, P. A.; Zegura, S. L.; Hammer, M. F. (2008).

5434:"Geographical Structure of the Y-chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A coastal-inland contrast" 7616: 7609: 7602: 6674: 6463:

Kaladjieva, Luba; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A; Angelicheva, Dora; et al. (February 2001).

6692:"High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males" 3352:

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

2152:

has been proposed but a 2010 study concluded that the haplogroup had a more northern origin, possibly

7732: 7651: 7586: 7515: 7501: 7422: 7394: 6558: 6400:

Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Redd, Alan J.; Jarjanazi, Hamdi; et al. (1 July 2001).

5683:"New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree" 5321: 5159: 4836: 4660: 4335: 3879: 2200: 408: 393: 381: 31: 7725: 7720: 7243: 7217: 3717: 3702: 3599: 1144: 209: 7823: 7661: 7335: 7318: 6655: 6494: 6187:"Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean" 6130: 6049: 5911: 5838: 5597: 5549: 5506: 5375: 5299: 5137: 5054: 4554: 3957: 3624: 2422: 2377:

According to a genetic study in China by Shou et al., J2-M172 is found with high frequency among

5765:"The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations" 5611:"Extended Y chromosome haplotypes resolve multiple and unique lineages of the Jewish priesthood" 4493: 322: 6690:

Sanchez, Juan J; Hallenberg, Charlotte; Børsting, Claus; Hernandez, Alexis; Gorlin, RJ (2005).

6236: 4864:

Alshamali, Farida; Pereira, Luísa; Budowle, Bruce; Poloni, Estella S.; Currat, Mathias (2009).

4269: 4249: 4165: 4145: 7892: 7873:

F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

7815: 7753: 7748: 7739: 7682: 7673: 7593: 7564: 7524: 7482: 7434: 7352: 6756: 6713: 6647: 6618: 6574: 6537: 6508:"Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes" 6486: 6452: 6423: 6388: 6339: 6245: 6216: 6173: 6122: 6092: 6041: 6011: 5954: 5903: 5868: 5830: 5794: 5751: 5712: 5669: 5640: 5589: 5541: 5498: 5463: 5419: 5367: 5337: 5291: 5261: 5218: 5175: 5129: 5089: 5046: 5016: 4973: 4930: 4887: 4852: 4814: 4769: 4686: 4546: 4464: 4412: 4363: 4061: 3949: 3905: 3682: 3614: 2363: 2355: 2340: 2273: 2258: 2220: 2160: 2083: 2001: 424: 377: 362: 248: 244: 99: 95: 459:, particularly in the form of its subclade J-M172. J-12f2 and J-P19 are also found among the 427:. Outside of this region, haplogroup J-M304 has a significant presence in other parts of the 7807: 7715: 7473: 7427: 6746: 6738: 6703: 6639: 6608: 6598: 6566: 6527: 6519: 6476: 6444: 6413: 6378: 6368: 6206: 6198: 6163: 6155: 6114: 6082: 6074: 6033: 6001: 5976: 5944: 5936: 5893: 5860: 5820: 5784: 5776: 5741: 5733: 5702: 5694: 5661: 5630: 5622: 5579: 5571: 5531: 5488: 5453: 5445: 5409: 5401: 5359: 5329: 5283: 5251: 5243: 5208: 5200: 5167: 5119: 5111: 5079: 5038: 5006: 4998: 4963: 4955: 4920: 4912: 4877: 4844: 4804: 4794: 4759: 4751: 4676: 4668: 4536: 4454: 4446: 4402: 4394: 4353: 4343: 4324:"Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events" 4257: 4245: 4053: 3939: 3895: 3887: 3639: 3609: 2234: 385: 125: 2351:

18%, Chechens 26%, Balkars 24%, Yaghnobis 32%, Armenians 21-24%, and Azerbaijanis 24%-48%.

1981: 7487: 6793: 6418: 6401: 6144:"Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times" 4621: 4588: 4511: 4505:

Table 2. Haplogroup distribution and Y-chromosome diversity in 14 northwestern populations

4500: 4265: 4161: 4141: 4113: 3853: 2418: 2386: 2316: 2297: 2293: 2075: 1713: 944: 444: 153: 141: 7289:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

6562: 5325: 5163: 4840: 4664: 4339: 3883: 7703: 7496: 7329: 7236: 6751: 6726: 6613: 6586: 6532: 6507: 6383: 6356: 6211: 6186: 6168: 6143: 6087: 6062: 5949: 5924: 5789: 5764: 5707: 5682: 5635: 5610: 5458: 5433: 5414: 5389: 5256: 5231: 5213: 5188: 5011: 4986: 4968: 4943: 4925: 4900: 4809: 4782: 4681: 4648: 4459: 4434: 4407: 4382: 4358: 4323: 3900: 3867: 3634: 3619: 3426: 2344: 2336: 2204: 2095: 2035: 1967: 1951: 1931: 608: 436: 373: 233: 205: 173: 7840: 6506:

Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; Wang, William; et al. (September 2001).

6448: 5665: 5333: 4848: 4764: 4739: 4106: 3540: 30:

This article is about the human Y-DNA haplogroup. For the human mtDNA haplogroup, see

7989: 7896: 7578: 7572: 7558: 7547: 7510: 7413: 7408: 7399: 7385: 7346: 6585:

Su, Bing; Xiao, Junhua; Underhill, Peter; Deka, Ranjan; et al. (December 1999).

5898: 5881: 5575: 5449: 5115: 5042: 4987:"Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe" 4241: 4157: 3604: 3589: 2281: 2242: 2134: 662: 635: 460: 400: 366: 117: 85: 7827: 6659: 6498: 6053: 5915: 5553: 5510: 5379: 5303: 5141: 5058: 4558: 3961: 2397:(1/50 = 2.0%). The authors also found J-M304(xJ2-M172) with low frequency among the 48: 6134: 5925:"The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East" 5842: 5601: 4383:"The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East" 3644: 2389:(5/31 = 16.1%), and also found J-M172 in Han Chinese (10%) and low frequency among 2262: 2130: 2015: 2010:

defined by the M267 SNP is in modern times most frequent in the Arabian Peninsula:

1935: 716: 689: 452: 432: 225: 201: 193: 75: 7195: 6570: 4901:"A predominantly neolithic origin for Y-chromosomal DNA variation in North Africa" 5980: 4348: 2078:. To some extent, the frequency of Haplogroup J-M267 collapses at the borders of 17: 7207: 6684: 6159: 5390:"Traces of sub-Saharan and Middle Eastern lineages in Indian Muslim populations" 5232:"The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations" 5189:"The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations" 5171: 4261: 4153: 3846: 3629: 3584: 2406: 2348: 2118: 428: 264: 6202: 4783:"Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions" 407:

archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from a period between the late

6037: 5626: 5363: 5287: 4740:"A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups" 3687: 2410: 456: 448: 229: 7948: 6249: 5809:"Paleolithic Y-haplogroup heritage predominates in a Cretan highland plateau" 4866:"Local Population Structure in Arabian Peninsula Revealed by Y-STR diversity" 6784: 6708: 6691: 6481: 6464: 6435:

Jobling, Mark A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2000), "New uses for new haplotypes",

6272: 6006: 5989: 5825: 5808: 5652:

Jobling, Mark A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2000). "New uses for new haplotypes".

5536: 5519: 5084: 5067: 4959: 4799: 3944: 3707: 3692: 3485:

Z1828, Z1829, Z1832, Z1833, Z1834, Z1836, Z1839, Z1840, Z1841, Z1843, Z1844

2394: 2301: 2122: 1918: 197: 7819: 6760: 6717: 6651: 6622: 6578: 6541: 6490: 6456: 6427: 6392: 6220: 6177: 6126: 6096: 6045: 6015: 5958: 5907: 5872: 5834: 5798: 5755: 5716: 5673: 5644: 5593: 5545: 5502: 5467: 5423: 5371: 5341: 5295: 5265: 5222: 5179: 5133: 5093: 5050: 5020: 4977: 4934: 4891: 4856: 4818: 4773: 4690: 4550: 4468: 4416: 4367: 4065: 3953: 3909: 5405: 5247: 5204: 5002: 2272:

The highest ever reported concentration of J-M172 was 72% in Northeastern

5584: 5150:

and supports an admixture model for the Mesolithic–Neolithic encounter".

4273: 4133: 3712: 2434: 2398: 2324: 2254: 2230: 2180: 2153: 2142: 2126: 2086:

territories with mainly non-Arabic/Semitic speaking territories, such as

2031: 2027: 440: 376:, and only at this level of classification does haplogroup IJK join with 369: 240: 221: 213: 169: 165: 161: 157: 137: 121: 7855:

Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

5493: 5476: 4672: 4541: 4524: 3891: 7811: 6118: 5864: 5737: 5698: 4253: 4149: 4137: 4057: 2414: 2378: 2366:

middle castes, followed by upper castes, 18.6%, and lower castes 14%. (

2184: 2059: 2043: 129: 7941: 7895:

was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to

6292:"Middle Eastern and Sub-Saharan lineages in Indian Muslim populations" 5746: 5124: 4882: 4865: 4755: 4704: 7952:, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" 2402: 2390: 2382: 2308: 2289: 2250: 2188: 2168: 2149: 2138: 2087: 2079: 1963: 1943: 536: 404: 217: 149: 6685:

Haplogroup J subclades at International Society of Genetic Genealogy

4433:

Sengupta, S; Zhivotovsky, LA; King, R; et al. (February 2006).

3449:). For brevity, only the first three levels of subclades are shown. 7908:

Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

6742: 6603: 6523: 6373: 6078: 5940: 5780: 4916: 4450: 4398: 7223: 6781: 6643: 4944:"Parallel evolution of genes and languages in the Caucasus region" 3430: 2354:

In South Asia, J2-M172 was found to be significantly higher among

2320: 2312: 2246: 2196: 2192: 2172: 2164: 2107: 2067: 2063: 2023: 2011: 1985: 133: 6725:

Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, et al. (February 2006).

3441:

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree

2179:, supports the inference of an origin of J-P58 in nearby eastern 451:, Greece and southern Italy. Additionally, J-M304 is observed in 2328: 2305: 2238: 2176: 2103: 2091: 2051: 1923: 1709: 940: 509: 423:

Haplogroup J-M267 is found in its greatest concentration in the

145: 7232: 365:

roughly 43,000 years ago in Western Asia, as both lineages are

7269: 6402:"Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity" 5882:"Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus" 3535: 258: 7190:

Phylogenetic tree and Distribution Maps of Y-DNA haplogroup J

3821: 5988:

Pericić M, Lauc LB, Klarić IM, et al. (October 2005).

3738:

Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia

7841:

International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015),

6271:(PhD). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Archived from 5969:

Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series

7882:

Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

4096:: Haplogroup J-M304(xM267, M172) in 1/20 Ashkenazi Jews. 5477:"Sousse: extreme genetic heterogeneity in North Africa" 5068:"Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman" 4132::Stats are for combined Dagestan ethnic groups see the 3552: 3360: 3431:

The International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG)

2148:

But not all studies agree on the point of origin. The

2362:

castes at 11%. J2-M172 and J-M410 is found 21% among

2030:(up to 56%). J-M267 is generally frequent among Arab 361:

Haplogroup J-M304 is believed to have split from the

7196:

Y-DNA Haplogroup J and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2009

3723:

Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world

7311: 4428: 4426: 4107:

Mol Biol Evol January 1, 2011 vol. 28 no. 1 717-727

2133:, with a much sparser distribution in the southern 289:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 113: 105: 91: 81: 71: 63: 55: 41: 5102:Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome Perspective". 4272:(21.4%))stats combined Dagestan ethnic groups see 6336:"Genomic Research Center Draft Tree (AKA Y-TRee)" 3743:Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East 3753:Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus 3748:Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa 7954:(Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017) 3733:Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia 2229:is found in the highest concentrations in the 7244: 3992:reported results from several studies : 3678:Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups 2447:Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups 2099: 1803: 372:. Haplogroup IJ and haplogroup K derive from 8: 4179:"FamilyTreeDNA - Y-DNA J Haplogroup Project" 3866:Schuenemann, Verena J.; et al. (2017). 7926:Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2. 6786:Y-DNA Haplogroup J and its Subclades - 2016 2117:ISOGG states that J-M267 originated in the 399:Haplogroup J has also been found among two 239:Haplogroup J-M304 is divided into two main 7251: 7237: 7229: 4705:"Welcome to FamilyTreeDNA Discover (Beta)" 3993: 3728:Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe 3673:Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia 3459:M267, L255, L321, L765, L814, L827, L1030 3446: 3364: 2266: 1955: 1947: 1927: 652: 625: 465: 47: 6750: 6707: 6612: 6602: 6531: 6480: 6417: 6382: 6372: 6210: 6167: 6086: 6005: 5948: 5897: 5853:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 5824: 5788: 5745: 5726:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 5706: 5634: 5583: 5535: 5492: 5457: 5413: 5255: 5212: 5123: 5083: 5010: 4967: 4924: 4881: 4808: 4798: 4763: 4680: 4540: 4458: 4406: 4357: 4347: 4237: 4205: 4129: 4046:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 4013: 4005: 3997: 3943: 3899: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3372: 2385:(7/23 = 30.4%), moderate frequency among 2019: 1971: 1939: 1354: 598: 573: 349:Learn how and when to remove this message 196:. The clade spread from there during the 7864:Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4. 7078: 6925: 6814: 3989: 3923:Wood, Elizabeth T.; et al. (2005). 2454: 2371: 2367: 2208: 1900: 1876: 1852: 1754: 1730: 1699: 1674: 1649: 1624: 1599: 1574: 1549: 1524: 1499: 1474: 1449: 1424: 1330: 1305: 1255: 1231: 1207: 1183: 1134: 1110: 1085: 986: 961: 930: 906: 879: 855: 830: 805: 781: 7790: 6774: 6026:International Journal of Legal Medicine 4225: 4211: 4021: 4017: 4009: 3806: 3572: 3412: 3388: 2285: 2277: 2098:(2.3%) and Northern Indian Shia (11%) ( 1975: 1399: 1377: 1159: 1060: 1035: 1010: 443:. It also has a moderate occurrence in 6591:The American Journal of Human Genetics 6512:The American Journal of Human Genetics 6361:The American Journal of Human Genetics 6257:Yunusbaev, Bayazit Bulatovich (2006). 5929:The American Journal of Human Genetics 5769:The American Journal of Human Genetics 4738:Y Chromosome Consortium "YCC" (2002). 4387:The American Journal of Human Genetics 4306: 4300: 4001: 3971:from the original on 24 September 2016 3437:The Genomic Research Center draft tree 3396: 3380: 2332: 2167:variance of J-P58 in ethnic groups in 2111: 2055: 2047: 2039: 1828: 1778: 1280: 526: 38: 6419:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906 5314:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5152:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4829:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4285: 4185:from the original on 12 February 2020 4032: 3456:12f2a, 12f2.1, M304, P209, L60, L134 551: 7: 7777:Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people 7752: 7747: 7738: 7736: 7731: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7708: 7701: 7691: 7689: 7679: 7671: 7659: 7657: 7648: 7640: 7598: 7591: 7585: 7583: 7577: 7571: 7569: 7563: 7557: 7545: 7535: 7529: 7523: 7514: 7509: 7500: 7495: 7486: 7481: 7445: 7431: 7314: 4093: 2071: 1959: 733: 706: 679: 287:adding citations to reliable sources 192:. It is believed to have evolved in 7419: 7359: 7342: 4481: 4037:Černý, Viktor; et al. (2009). 3501:M410, L152, L212, L505, L532, L559 757: 6696:European Journal of Human Genetics 6469:European Journal of Human Genetics 6191:American Journal of Human Genetics 6067:American Journal of Human Genetics 5813:European Journal of Human Genetics 5524:European Journal of Human Genetics 5394:European Journal of Human Genetics 5236:European Journal of Human Genetics 5193:European Journal of Human Genetics 5072:European Journal of Human Genetics 4991:European Journal of Human Genetics 4905:American Journal of Human Genetics 3932:European Journal of Human Genetics 3663:Genetic history of the Middle East 3404: 25: 7846:. (Access date: 1 February 2015.) 6675:yJdb: the Y-haplogroup J database 3758:Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group 3698:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup 2171:, as well as northern regions in 190:human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup 27:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup 7274: 5899:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x 5576:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00161.x 5450:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00538.x 5116:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00224.x 5043:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x 3828:from the original on 23 May 2018 3539: 3532:The Y-Chromosome Consortium tree 263: 7899:, the sibling of Haplogroup LT. 6406:Molecular Biology and Evolution 6244:(Thesis). München, University. 4948:Molecular Biology and Evolution 3433:also provides an amateur tree. 2433:In Y-chromosome phylogenetics, 274:needs additional citations for 6310:(Mailing list). Archived from 5475:Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima (2014). 4297:31% is based on Combined Data 2280:). Other high reports include 2121:. It is found in parts of the 1: 7208:Youtube Haplogroup J2 Channel 6571:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155 6449:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6 6348:Sources for conversion tables 5666:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6 5334:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00016-2 4849:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00039-3 4709:FamilyTreeDNA Discover (Beta) 4035:: J-12f2(xM267, M172)(45/63) 2311:29.7% (Sanchez et al. 2005), 7261:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups 7090:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 6940:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 6828:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 6823:(a.k.a. J-12f2.1 or J-P209) 5981:10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.173 4349:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 3515:M12, M102, M221, M314, L282 3361:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2241:and is found throughout the 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 384:as immediate descendants of 7259:Phylogenetic tree of human 6677:haplotypes of haplogroup J. 6235:Varzari, Alexander (2006). 6160:10.1534/genetics.105.054270 5172:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.030 5029:for the isolated Aromuns". 890:Sunni and North Indian Shia 8012: 7843:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 7745: 7712: 7669: 7638: 7629: 7621: 7614: 7607: 7600: 7555: 7521: 7507: 7493: 7479: 7463: 7447: 7316: 7082:YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) 6929:YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) 6818:YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) 6203:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.012 2444: 2218: 1999: 109:M304/Page16/PF4609, 12f2.1 29: 7766: 7544: 7537: 7471: 7454: 7438: 7433: 7426: 7421: 7412: 7407: 7405: 7398: 7393: 7391: 7384: 7377: 7375: 7368: 7361: 7351: 7344: 7334: 7327: 7325: 7309: 7283:This article needs to be 7267: 7224:British Isles DNA Project 6306:Aburto, Alfred A (2006). 6038:10.1007/s00414-007-0203-5 5627:10.1007/s00439-009-0727-5 5481:Journal of Human Genetics 5364:10.1007/s00439-004-1168-9 5288:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4 3668:Genetic history of Europe 2459:YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) 2425:and Uyghurs also had it. 2358:castes at 19% than among 2296:30% (Wells et al. 2001), 403:mummies excavated at the 298:"Haplogroup J" Y-DNA 46: 6308:"Y haplogroup J in Iran" 6229:Thesis and Dissertations 5886:Annals of Human Genetics 5564:Annals of Human Genetics 5438:Annals of Human Genetics 5104:Annals of Human Genetics 5031:Annals of Human Genetics 72:Possible place of origin 7996:Human Y-DNA haplogroups 7891:Between 2002 and 2008, 6709:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201390 6482:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597 5826:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201769 5537:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201225 5085:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934 4800:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59 4510:14 January 2015 at the 3945:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408 3445:for haplogroup J-P209 ( 2292:30-37% (Capelli 2005), 56:Possible time of origin 7213:Spread of Haplogroup J 6792:18 August 2017 at the 4112:23 August 2011 at the 3852:18 August 2017 at the 3595:Fifth dynasty of Egypt 3579:Prominent members of J 3447:Krahn & FTDNA 2013 6334:Krahn; FTDNA (2003). 6007:10.1093/molbev/msi185 5406:10.1038/ejhg.2009.168 5248:10.1038/ejhg.2009.166 5205:10.1038/ejhg.2009.166 5003:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249 4960:10.1093/molbev/msr126 4653:Nature Communications 4136:article for details. 3872:Nature Communications 3348:Research publications 2347:29% and North Indian 1909:Subclade distribution 7170:YCC 2010r (Longhand) 7050:YCC 2010r (Longhand) 6908:YCC 2010r (Longhand) 4499:2 April 2015 at the 4228:: 42/72=58.3% J-M267 4214:: 45/62=72.6% J-M267 4105:Zhong et al (2011), 2514:YCC 2010r (Longhand) 2441:Phylogenetic history 2201:United Arab Emirates 283:improve this article 32:Haplogroup J (mtDNA) 7772:Y-DNA by population 7687: 7218:National Geographic 7162:YCC 2008 (Longhand) 7154:YCC 2005 (Longhand) 7146:YCC 2002 (Longhand) 7039:YCC 2008 (Longhand) 7028:YCC 2005 (Longhand) 7017:YCC 2002 (Longhand) 6900:YCC 2008 (Longhand) 6892:YCC 2005 (Longhand) 6884:YCC 2002 (Longhand) 6563:2000Sci...290.1155S 6278:on 5 February 2007. 5494:10.1038/jhg.2014.99 5326:2003MolPE..28..387D 5164:2007MolPE..44..228C 4841:2003MolPE..28..458A 4673:10.1038/ncomms15694 4665:2017NatCo...815694S 4542:10.1038/jhg.2010.30 4492:Shou et al (2010), 4340:2012PLoSO...734288H 3892:10.1038/ncomms15694 3884:2017NatCo...815694S 3718:Y-chromosomal Aaron 3703:Molecular Phylogeny 3600:Khabib Nurmagomedov 3425:Research Center in 2509:YCC 2008 (Longhand) 2504:YCC 2005 (Longhand) 2499:YCC 2002 (Longhand) 2413:(1/35 = 2.9%), and 210:Socotra Archipelago 114:Highest frequencies 7812:10.1002/humu.22468 7538: 7319:Y-chromosomal Adam 6796:(2 February 2016). 6769:Phylogenetic notes 6437:Trends in Genetics 6342:on 15 August 2015. 6314:on 13 October 2012 6119:10.1002/humu.20077 5865:10.1002/ajpa.21235 5738:10.1002/ajpa.20500 5699:10.1101/gr.7172008 5654:Trends in Genetics 4322:Pierre A. (2012). 4058:10.1002/ajpa.20960 3847:Y-DNA Haplogroup J 3625:Bernard Montgomery 3551:. You can help by 3420:Phylogenetic trees 2423:Tajiks of Xinjiang 2393:(2/32 = 6.3%) and 2381:(17/50 = 34%) and 2100:Eaaswarkhanth 2009 1804:Fadhlaoui-Zid 2014 1265:Residents in Italy 106:Defining mutations 7983: 7982: 7945:, 2017, "K-M2335" 7943:YFull YTree v5.08 7893:Haplogroup T-M184 7761: 7760: 7706: 7696: 7686: 7677: 7665: 7654: 7646: 7634: 7626: 7619: 7612: 7605: 7550: 7469: 7461: 7452: 7382: 7366: 7349: 7332: 7304: 7303: 7177: 7176: 7073:is a subclade of 7060: 7059: 6915: 6914: 6809:is a subclade of 6731:Am. J. Hum. Genet 6290:Dienekes (2009). 5570:(Pt 4): 443–454. 4883:10.1159/000210448 4756:10.1101/gr.217602 4439:Am. J. Hum. Genet 4075:on 6 October 2016 3765:Y-DNA J subclades 3683:Genetic Genealogy 3615:Rothschild family 3569: 3568: 3468:L136, L572, L620 3345: 3344: 2417:(1/41 = 2.4%) in 2341:Palestinian Arabs 2221:Haplogroup J-M172 2161:Arabian Peninsula 2106:, especially the 2002:Haplogroup J-M267 1906: 1905: 425:Arabian Peninsula 378:Haplogroup G-M201 363:haplogroup I-M170 359: 358: 351: 333: 200:, primarily into 182:Haplogroup J-M304 179: 178: 42:Haplogroup J-M304 18:Haplogroup J-P209 16:(Redirected from 8003: 7973: 7970: 7964: 7961: 7955: 7933: 7927: 7924: 7918: 7915: 7909: 7906: 7900: 7889: 7883: 7880: 7874: 7871: 7865: 7862: 7856: 7853: 7847: 7838: 7832: 7831: 7795: 7702: 7692: 7680: 7672: 7660: 7650: 7641: 7630: 7622: 7615: 7608: 7601: 7546: 7465: 7456: 7448: 7378: 7362: 7345: 7328: 7312: 7299: 7296: 7290: 7278: 7277: 7270: 7253: 7246: 7239: 7230: 7178: 7079: 7067: 7061: 6926: 6922: 6916: 6815: 6803: 6797: 6779: 6764: 6754: 6721: 6711: 6663: 6626: 6616: 6606: 6597:(6): 1718–1724. 6581: 6557:(5494): 1155–9, 6545: 6535: 6502: 6484: 6459: 6431: 6421: 6412:(7): 1189–1203. 6396: 6386: 6376: 6343: 6338:. Archived from 6323: 6321: 6319: 6295: 6279: 6277: 6270: 6253: 6243: 6224: 6214: 6181: 6171: 6154:(4): 2431–2439. 6138: 6100: 6090: 6073:(5): 1023–1034. 6057: 6019: 6009: 5984: 5962: 5952: 5935:(5): 1095–1112. 5919: 5901: 5876: 5846: 5828: 5802: 5792: 5759: 5749: 5720: 5710: 5677: 5648: 5638: 5605: 5587: 5557: 5539: 5514: 5496: 5471: 5461: 5427: 5417: 5383: 5345: 5307: 5269: 5259: 5226: 5216: 5183: 5145: 5127: 5097: 5087: 5062: 5024: 5014: 4981: 4971: 4938: 4928: 4895: 4885: 4860: 4822: 4812: 4802: 4777: 4767: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4684: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4617: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4584: 4563: 4562: 4544: 4520: 4514: 4490: 4484: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4462: 4430: 4421: 4420: 4410: 4393:(5): 1095–1112. 4378: 4372: 4371: 4361: 4351: 4318: 4312: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4175: 4169: 4127: 4121: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4074: 4068:. Archived from 4043: 4030: 4024: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3970: 3947: 3929: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3903: 3863: 3857: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3818: 3640:Dzhokhar Dudayev 3610:Vincent van Gogh 3564: 3561: 3543: 3536: 2455: 2235:Fertile Crescent 2084:Semitic-speaking 466: 401:ancient Egyptian 386:Haplogroup F-M89 354: 347: 343: 340: 334: 332: 291: 267: 259: 184:, also known as 67:31,600 years ago 59:42,900 years ago 51: 39: 21: 8011: 8010: 8006: 8005: 8004: 8002: 8001: 8000: 7986: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7978: 7977: 7976: 7971: 7967: 7962: 7958: 7934: 7930: 7925: 7921: 7916: 7912: 7907: 7903: 7890: 7886: 7881: 7877: 7872: 7868: 7863: 7859: 7854: 7850: 7839: 7835: 7797: 7796: 7792: 7787: 7781: 7762: 7305: 7300: 7294: 7291: 7288: 7279: 7275: 7263: 7257: 7204: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7181: 7068: 7064: 6923: 6919: 6822: 6804: 6800: 6794:Wayback Machine 6780: 6776: 6771: 6724: 6689: 6671: 6669:Further reading 6666: 6632:Nature Genetics 6629: 6584: 6548: 6505: 6462: 6434: 6399: 6354: 6350: 6333: 6317: 6315: 6305: 6289: 6275: 6268: 6256: 6241: 6234: 6184: 6141: 6103: 6060: 6022: 6000:(10): 1964–75. 5994:Mol. Biol. Evol 5987: 5965: 5922: 5879: 5849: 5805: 5762: 5723: 5687:Genome Research 5680: 5651: 5608: 5560: 5530:(10): 855–863. 5517: 5474: 5430: 5386: 5348: 5310: 5272: 5229: 5186: 5148: 5100: 5065: 5027: 4984: 4954:(10): 2905–20. 4941: 4898: 4863: 4825: 4780: 4744:Genome Research 4737: 4729: 4724: 4723: 4713: 4711: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4619: 4618: 4607: 4597: 4595: 4586: 4585: 4566: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4512:Wayback Machine 4501:Wayback Machine 4491: 4487: 4480: 4476: 4432: 4431: 4424: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4320: 4319: 4315: 4296: 4292: 4284: 4280: 4236: 4232: 4224: 4220: 4202: 4198: 4188: 4186: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4128: 4124: 4114:Wayback Machine 4104: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4027: 3994:Di Giacomo 2003 3988: 3984: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3927: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3854:Wayback Machine 3845: 3841: 3831: 3829: 3820: 3819: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3767: 3762: 3658: 3653: 3581: 3565: 3559: 3556: 3549:needs expansion 3534: 3477:P58, L815, L828 3439: 3422: 3417: 3365:Kaladjieva 2001 3350: 2449: 2443: 2431: 2419:Northwest China 2409:(1/32 = 3.1%), 2405:(1/23 = 4.3%), 2401:(1/19 = 5.3%), 2267:Di Giacomo 2003 2261:peninsulas and 2245:(including the 2223: 2217: 2076:Sinai Peninsula 2004: 1998: 1956:Di Giacomo 2004 1948:Di Giacomo 2004 1928:Di Giacomo 2004 1916: 1911: 815:Crete/Heraklion 653:Balanovsky 2011 626:Balanovsky 2011 445:Southern Europe 421: 405:Abusir el-Meleq 355: 344: 338: 335: 292: 290: 280: 268: 257: 64:Coalescence age 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8009: 8007: 7999: 7998: 7988: 7987: 7981: 7980: 7975: 7974: 7965: 7956: 7928: 7919: 7910: 7901: 7884: 7875: 7866: 7857: 7848: 7833: 7800:Human Mutation 7789: 7788: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7779: 7774: 7768: 7767: 7764: 7763: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7737: 7735: 7730: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7700: 7698: 7690: 7688: 7678: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7658: 7656: 7647: 7639: 7636: 7635: 7628: 7620: 7613: 7606: 7599: 7597: 7590: 7584: 7582: 7576: 7570: 7568: 7562: 7556: 7553: 7552: 7543: 7536: 7534: 7528: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7505: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7470: 7462: 7453: 7446: 7443: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7403: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7383: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7350: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7333: 7326: 7323: 7322: 7315: 7310: 7307: 7306: 7302: 7301: 7282: 7280: 7273: 7268: 7265: 7264: 7258: 7256: 7255: 7248: 7241: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7221: 7210: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7198: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7185:External links 7183: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7174: 7171: 7167: 7166: 7163: 7159: 7158: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7147: 7143: 7142: 7139: 7135: 7134: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7123: 7119: 7118: 7115: 7111: 7110: 7107: 7103: 7102: 7099: 7098:Underhill 2000 7095: 7094: 7091: 7087: 7086: 7083: 7062: 7058: 7057: 7054: 7051: 7047: 7046: 7043: 7040: 7036: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7024: 7021: 7018: 7014: 7013: 7010: 7007: 7003: 7002: 6999: 6996: 6992: 6991: 6988: 6985: 6981: 6980: 6977: 6974: 6970: 6969: 6966: 6963: 6959: 6958: 6955: 6952: 6951:Underhill 2000 6948: 6947: 6944: 6941: 6937: 6936: 6933: 6930: 6917: 6913: 6912: 6909: 6905: 6904: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6893: 6889: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6873: 6872: 6869: 6865: 6864: 6861: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6849: 6848: 6845: 6841: 6840: 6837: 6836:Underhill 2000 6833: 6832: 6829: 6825: 6824: 6819: 6798: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6743:10.1086/499411 6722: 6687: 6682: 6678: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6664: 6638:(3): 358–361. 6627: 6604:10.1086/302680 6582: 6546: 6524:10.1086/323299 6518:(3): 615–628. 6503: 6460: 6432: 6397: 6374:10.1086/318205 6367:(2): 432–443. 6351: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6325: 6324: 6297: 6296: 6281: 6280: 6254: 6226: 6225: 6197:(5): 633–642. 6182: 6139: 6107:Human Mutation 6101: 6079:10.1086/386295 6058: 6032:(3): 251–255. 6020: 5985: 5963: 5941:10.1086/324070 5920: 5877: 5859:(3): 380–390. 5847: 5819:(4): 485–493. 5803: 5781:10.1086/382286 5760: 5721: 5678: 5649: 5615:Human Genetics 5606: 5558: 5515: 5472: 5428: 5400:(3): 354–363. 5384: 5352:Human Genetics 5346: 5308: 5276:Human Genetics 5270: 5227: 5184: 5158:(1): 228–239. 5146: 5110:(2): 207–225. 5098: 5063: 5037:(4): 459–487. 5025: 4982: 4939: 4917:10.1086/423147 4896: 4870:Human Heredity 4861: 4835:(3): 458–472. 4823: 4778: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4696: 4638: 4605: 4564: 4535:(5): 314–322. 4515: 4485: 4474: 4451:10.1086/499411 4422: 4399:10.1086/324070 4373: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4304: 4290: 4278: 4238:Yunusbaev 2006 4230: 4218: 4216: 4215: 4209: 4208:: 81% (84/104) 4206:Alshamali 2009 4196: 4170: 4130:Yunusbaev 2006 4122: 4098: 4086: 4052:(4): 439–447. 4025: 4014:Goncalves 2005 4006:Cinnioglu 2004 3998:Al-Zahery 2003 3982: 3938:(7): 867–876. 3915: 3858: 3839: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3774: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3635:Bernie Sanders 3632: 3627: 3622: 3620:Dustin Hoffman 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3567: 3566: 3546: 3544: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3507:L26, L27, L927 3505: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3493: 3492: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3438: 3435: 3427:Houston, Texas 3421: 3418: 3416: 3415: 3407: 3399: 3391: 3383: 3375: 3373:Underhill 2000 3367: 3354: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2916: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2445:Main article: 2442: 2439: 2430: 2427: 2345:Sephardic Jews 2337:Ashkenazi Jews 2219:Main article: 2216: 2213: 2205:Arabian Desert 2096:Indian Muslims 2036:Ashkenazi Jews 2020:Alshamali 2009 2000:Main article: 1997: 1994: 1972:Cinnioglu 2004 1968:Turkic peoples 1952:Czech Republic 1940:Abu-Amero 2009 1932:Ashkenazi Jews 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1355:Abu-Amero 2009 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1020:Central Marche 1018: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 994: 990: 989: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 969: 965: 964: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 938: 934: 933: 928: 925: 922: 919: 916: 914: 910: 909: 904: 901: 898: 895: 892: 887: 883: 882: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 863: 859: 858: 853: 850: 847: 844: 841: 838: 834: 833: 828: 825: 822: 819: 816: 813: 809: 808: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 789: 785: 784: 779: 776: 773: 770: 767: 765: 761: 760: 755: 752: 749: 747: 744: 741: 737: 736: 731: 728: 725: 722: 719: 714: 710: 709: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 687: 683: 682: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 660: 656: 655: 650: 647: 644: 641: 638: 633: 629: 628: 623: 620: 617: 614: 611: 606: 602: 601: 599:Battaglia 2008 596: 593: 591: 589: 586: 581: 577: 576: 574:Battaglia 2008 571: 568: 566: 564: 561: 559: 555: 554: 549: 546: 544: 542: 539: 534: 530: 529: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 507: 503: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 470:Country/Region 437:Horn of Africa 431:as well as in 420: 417: 374:haplogroup IJK 357: 356: 271: 269: 262: 256: 253: 234:Southeast Asia 206:Horn of Africa 177: 176: 115: 111: 110: 107: 103: 102: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8008: 7997: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7969: 7966: 7960: 7957: 7953: 7951: 7946: 7944: 7939: 7932: 7929: 7923: 7920: 7914: 7911: 7905: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7888: 7885: 7879: 7876: 7870: 7867: 7861: 7858: 7852: 7849: 7845: 7844: 7837: 7834: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7806:(2): 187–91. 7805: 7801: 7794: 7791: 7786: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7765: 7757: 7755: 7750: 7744: 7741: 7734: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7711: 7705: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7684: 7675: 7668: 7663: 7653: 7644: 7637: 7633: 7627: 7625: 7618: 7611: 7604: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7580: 7575: 7574: 7566: 7561: 7560: 7554: 7549: 7541: 7532: 7527: 7526: 7520: 7517: 7512: 7506: 7503: 7498: 7492: 7489: 7484: 7478: 7475: 7468: 7459: 7451: 7444: 7441: 7436: 7429: 7424: 7418: 7415: 7410: 7404: 7401: 7396: 7390: 7387: 7381: 7374: 7371: 7365: 7358: 7354: 7348: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7324: 7320: 7313: 7308: 7298: 7295:February 2021 7286: 7281: 7272: 7271: 7266: 7262: 7254: 7249: 7247: 7242: 7240: 7235: 7234: 7231: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7219: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7194: 7193: 7189: 7184: 7172: 7169: 7168: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7063: 7055: 7052: 7049: 7048: 7044: 7041: 7038: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7016: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6978: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6934: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6921: 6918: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6886: 6883: 6882: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6870: 6867: 6866: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6826: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6802: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6783: 6778: 6775: 6768: 6762: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6737:(2): 202–21. 6736: 6732: 6728: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6702:(7): 856–66. 6701: 6697: 6693: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6668: 6661: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6644:10.1038/81685 6641: 6637: 6633: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6583: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6475:(2): 97–104. 6474: 6470: 6466: 6461: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6443:(8): 356–62, 6442: 6438: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6341: 6337: 6332: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6313: 6309: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6300:Mailing Lists 6293: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6285: 6274: 6266: 6262: 6261: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6240: 6239: 6233: 6232: 6231: 6230: 6222: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6113:(3): 248–60. 6112: 6108: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5892:(3): 205–21. 5891: 5887: 5883: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5775:(3): 532–44. 5774: 5770: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5660:(8): 356–62. 5659: 5655: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5621:(5): 707–17. 5620: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5586: 5585:10400.13/3018 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5444:(6): 568–81. 5443: 5439: 5435: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5358:(5): 357–71. 5357: 5353: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5320:(3): 387–95. 5319: 5315: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5282:(2): 127–48. 5281: 5277: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5242:(3): 348–53. 5241: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5199:(3): 348–53. 5198: 5194: 5190: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5078:(3): 374–86. 5077: 5073: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4997:(6): 820–30. 4996: 4992: 4988: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4911:(2): 338–45. 4910: 4906: 4902: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4750:(2): 339–48. 4749: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4735: 4734: 4733: 4726: 4710: 4706: 4700: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4642: 4639: 4627: 4623: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4594: 4590: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4509: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4478: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4445:(2): 202–21. 4444: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4377: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4334:(3): e34288. 4333: 4329: 4325: 4317: 4314: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4087: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4034: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3990:El-Sibai 2009 3986: 3983: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3919: 3916: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3862: 3859: 3856:, ISOGG, 2015 3855: 3851: 3848: 3843: 3840: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3605:House of Saud 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3590:Qajar dynasty 3588: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3563: 3554: 3550: 3547:This section 3545: 3542: 3538: 3537: 3531: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3443:Proposed Tree 3436: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3419: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3347: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 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708: 705: 702: 699: 696: 693: 691: 688: 685: 684: 681: 678: 675: 672: 669: 666: 664: 661: 658: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 637: 634: 631: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 610: 607: 604: 603: 600: 597: 594: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 579: 578: 575: 572: 569: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 556: 553: 550: 547: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 532: 531: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 511: 508: 505: 504: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 467: 464: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 418: 416: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 395: 389: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 368: 367:haplogroup IJ 364: 353: 350: 342: 331: 328: 324: 321: 317: 314: 310: 307: 303: 300: – 299: 295: 294:Find sources: 288: 284: 278: 277: 272:This article 270: 266: 261: 260: 254: 252: 250: 246: 242: 237: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 116: 112: 108: 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 87: 84: 80: 77: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 7968: 7959: 7949: 7942: 7937: 7931: 7922: 7913: 7904: 7887: 7878: 7869: 7860: 7851: 7842: 7836: 7803: 7799: 7793: 7784: 7649: 7592: 7530: 7292: 7284: 7216: 7138:Capelli 2001 7114:Karafet 2001 7074: 7070: 7065: 7006:Capelli 2001 6973:Karafet 2001 6920: 6876:Capelli 2001 6852:Karafet 2001 6810: 6806: 6801: 6785: 6777: 6734: 6730: 6699: 6695: 6635: 6631: 6594: 6590: 6554: 6550: 6515: 6511: 6472: 6468: 6440: 6436: 6409: 6405: 6364: 6360: 6340:the original 6327: 6326: 6316:. Retrieved 6312:the original 6299: 6298: 6283: 6282: 6273:the original 6264: 6259: 6237: 6228: 6227: 6194: 6190: 6151: 6147: 6110: 6106: 6070: 6066: 6029: 6025: 5997: 5993: 5972: 5968: 5932: 5928: 5889: 5885: 5856: 5852: 5816: 5812: 5772: 5768: 5732:(1): 132–9. 5729: 5725: 5693:(5): 830–8. 5690: 5686: 5657: 5653: 5618: 5614: 5567: 5563: 5527: 5523: 5487:(1): 41–49. 5484: 5480: 5441: 5437: 5397: 5393: 5355: 5351: 5317: 5313: 5279: 5275: 5239: 5235: 5196: 5192: 5155: 5151: 5107: 5103: 5075: 5071: 5034: 5030: 4994: 4990: 4951: 4947: 4908: 4904: 4876:(1): 45–54. 4873: 4869: 4832: 4828: 4790: 4787:BMC Genetics 4786: 4747: 4743: 4731: 4730: 4712:. Retrieved 4708: 4699: 4656: 4652: 4641: 4629:. Retrieved 4625: 4596:. Retrieved 4592: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4488: 4477: 4442: 4438: 4390: 4386: 4376: 4331: 4327: 4316: 4293: 4281: 4233: 4226:Cadenas 2008 4221: 4212:Cadenas 2008 4199: 4189:28 September 4187:. Retrieved 4173: 4125: 4101: 4089: 4077:. 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Retrieved 3645:Adam Sandler 3573:Karafet 2008 3570: 3560:January 2013 3557: 3553:adding to it 3548: 3453: 3440: 3423: 3413:Capelli 2001 3409: 3401: 3393: 3389:Karafet 2001 3385: 3377: 3369: 3357: 3351: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2450: 2432: 2376: 2353: 2286:Nasidze 2004 2278:Nasidze 2004 2271: 2263:North Africa 2226: 2224: 2158: 2147: 2131:North Africa 2116: 2110:line (46%) ( 2094:(5%), Sunni 2007: 2005: 1991: 1980: 1976:Varzari 2006 1966:and several 1936:Saudi Arabia 1917: 1400:Mirabal 2010 1378:Pericić 2005 1337:Saudi Arabia 1160:Pericić 2005 1061:Capelli 2007 1036:Capelli 2007 1011:Capelli 2007 971:Akko (Arabs) 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 453:Central Asia 433:North Africa 422: 419:Distribution 398: 390: 382:Haplogroup H 360: 345: 336: 326: 319: 312: 305: 293: 281:Please help 276:verification 273: 243:(branches), 238: 226:Central Asia 202:North Africa 194:Western Asia 185: 181: 180: 76:Western Asia 36: 7122:Semino 2000 7106:Hammer 2001 6984:Semino 2000 6962:Hammer 2001 6860:Semino 2000 6844:Hammer 2001 5975:: 235–236. 4727:Works cited 4529:J Hum Genet 4307:Arredi 2004 4301:Semino 2004 4258:Tabassarans 4154:Tabassarans 4002:Flores 2004 3630:John Stamos 3585:Ben Affleck 3498:M172, L228 3397:Semino 2000 3381:Hammer 2001 2407:Sibe people 2349:Shia Muslim 2343:16.8%-25%, 2333:Aburto 2006 2225:Haplogroup 2163:. The high 2119:Middle East 2112:Hammer 2009 2074:), and the 2056:Semino 2004 2048:Semino 2004 2040:Semino 2004 2026:(58%), and 2006:Haplogroup 1829:Arredi 2004 1779:Onofri 2008 1281:Onofri 2008 743:Han Chinese 527:Robino 2008 429:Middle East 409:New Kingdom 92:Descendants 5747:2108/35058 5125:2108/37090 4286:Nebel 2001 4033:Černý 2009 3801:References 3688:Haplogroup 2914:J2a1h2a1a 2549:ISOGG 2012 2544:ISOGG 2011 2539:ISOGG 2010 2534:ISOGG 2009 2529:ISOGG 2008 2524:ISOGG 2007 2519:ISOGG 2006 2411:Dongxiangs 552:Bosch 2006 457:South Asia 449:Asia Minor 439:, and the 309:newspapers 230:South Asia 7950:PhyloTree 7785:Footnotes 6318:3 January 6250:180859661 4659:: 15694. 4622:"Eupedia" 4620:Maciamo. 4589:"Eupedia" 4587:Maciamo. 4270:Bagvalins 4266:Assyrians 4250:Chamalins 4166:Bagvalins 4162:Assyrians 4146:Chamalins 4118:See Table 4094:Shen 2004 3878:: 15694. 3822:"J YTree" 3708:Paragroup 3693:Haplotype 2435:subclades 2364:Dravidian 2356:Dravidian 2323:24%-28%, 2255:Anatolian 2141:, and in 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