123:
1270:
subclaude of haplogroup T or is a risk factor shared by all of haplogroup T. With a statistically significant difference found in such a small sample, it may be advisable for those of known haplogroup T maternal ancestry to be aware of this and have their physician check for evidence of this condition when having a routine exam at an early age. It is usually symptom-less and increases the risk of sudden cardiac death, which often happens to those of as early in life as teenagers and may affect those who are active and have no other risk factors.
1111:
3485:
The overall occurrence of haplogroups did not deviate from extant
Scandinavians, however, haplogroup I was significantly more frequent among the ancient Danes (average 13%) than among extant Danes and Scandinavians (~2.5%) as well as among other ancient population samples reported. Haplogroup I could
4273:
Musilová, Eliška; Fernandes, Verónica; Silva, Nuno M.; Soares, Pedro; Alshamali, Farida; Harich, Nourdin; Cherni, Lotfi; Gaaied, Amel Ben Ammar El; et al. (2011). "Population history of the Red Sea-genetic exchanges between the
Arabian Peninsula and East Africa signaled in the mitochondrial DNA
2859:
Castrì, Loredana; Tofanelli, Sergio; Garagnani, Paolo; Bini, Carla; Fosella, Xenia; Pelotti, Susi; Paoli, Giorgio; Pettener, Davide; Luiselli, Donata (2009). "MtDNA variability in two Bantu-speaking populations (Shona and Hutu) from
Eastern Africa: Implications for peopling and migration patterns in
1983:
Pala, M; Olivieri, A; Achilli, A; Accetturo, M; Metspalu, E; Reidla, M; Tamm, E; Karmin, M; Reisberg, T; Hooshiar
Kashani, B; Perego, UA; Carossa, V; Gandini, F; Pereira, JB; Soares, P; Angerhofer, N; Rychkov, S; Al-Zahery, N; Carelli, V; Sanati, MH; Houshmand, M; Hatina, J; Macaulay, V; Pereira, L;
1269:
One study has found that among the
Spanish population, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) also referred to as hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is more likely to happen in those of T2 ancestry than those in other maternal haplogroups. It is unknown whether or not this is specific to this
157:. Based on a sample of over 400 modern day Iranians, the T haplogroup represents roughly 8.3% of the population (about 1 out of 12 individuals), with the more specific T1 subtype constituting roughly half of those. Furthermore, the specific subtype T1 tends to be found further east and is common in
152:
Haplogroup T is present at low frequencies throughout
Western and Central Asia and Europe, with varying degrees of prevalence and certainly might have been present in other groups from the surrounding areas. T is found in approximately 10% of native Europeans. It is also common among modern day
200:
Found in Svan population from
Caucasus (Georgia) T* 10,4% and T1 4,2%. T1a1a1 is particularly common in countries with high levels of Y-haplogroup R1a, such as Central and Northeast Europe. The clade is also found everywhere in Central Asia and deep into North Asia, as far east as Mongolia.
2798:
Brandstatter, Anita; Peterson, Christine T.; Irwin, Jodi A.; Mpoke, Solomon; Koech, Davy K.; Parson, Walther; Parsons, Thomas J. (2004). "Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences from
Nairobi (Kenya): Inferring phylogenetic parameters for the establishment of a forensic database".
4145:
Metspalu, Mait; Kivisild, Toomas; Metspalu, Ene; Parik, Jüri; Hudjashov, Georgi; Kaldma, Katrin; Serk, Piia; Karmin, Monika; Behar, Doron M; Gilbert, M Thomas P; Endicott, Phillip; Mastana, Sarabjit; Papiha, Surinder S; Skorecki, Karl; Torroni, Antonio; Villems, Richard (2004).
2692:
Belyaeva, Olga; Bermisheva, Marina; Khrunin, Andrey; Slominsky, Petr; Bebyakova, Natalia; Khusnutdinova, E. K. (Elza
Kamilevna); Mikulich, Aleksei Ignatevich; Limborskaia, S. A. (Svetlana Andreevna) (2003). "Mitochondrial DNA variations in Russian and Belorussian populations".
2760:
Bosch, E.; Calafell, F.; Gonzalez-Neira, A.; Flaiz, C.; Mateu, E.; Scheil, H.-G.; Huckenbeck, W.; Efremovska, L.; et al. (2006). "Paternal and maternal lineages in the
Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns".
3023:
Cvjetan, S; Tolk, HV; Lauc, LB; Colak, I; Dordević, D; Efremovska, L; Janićijević, B; Kvesić, A; et al. (2004). "Frequencies of mtDNA haplogroups in southeastern Europe--Croatians, Bosnians and Herzegovinians, Serbians, Macedonians and Macedonian Romani".
2730:
Boattini, Alessio; Castrì, Loredana; Sarno, Stefania; Useli, Antonella; Cioffi, Manuela; Sazzini, Marco; Garagnani, Paolo; De Fanti, Sara; Pettener, Davide; Luiselli, Donata (2013). "MtDNA variation in East Africa unravels the history of afro-asiatic groups".
1818:
5207:Černý, Viktor; Pereira, Luísa; Kujanová, Martina; VašÍková, Alžběta; Hájek, Martin; Morris, Miranda; Mulligan, Connie J. (2009). "Out of Arabia-The settlement of Island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity".
4896:
Stanger, Olaf; Müller, Edith; Zimmermann, Franz; Wiesbauer, Martina; Mayr, Johannes A.; Paulweber, Bernhard; Iglseder, Bernhard; Renner, Wilfried; et al. (2007). "30 Mitochondrial haplogroup T is associated with coronary artery disease".
4553:
Pope, AM; Carr, SM; Smith, KN; Marshall, HD; Marshall, H. D. (2011). "Mitogenomic and microsatellite variation in descendants of the founder population of Newfoundland: High genetic diversity in an historically isolated population".
4303:
Nikitin, Alexey G.; Kochkin, Igor T.; June, Cynthia M.; Willis, Catherine M.; McBain, Ian; Videiko, Mykhailo Y. (2009). "Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation in the Boyko, Hutsul, and Lemko Populations of the Carpathian Highlands".
3562:
Keyser, Christine; Bouakaze, Caroline; Crubézy, Eric; Nikolaev, Valery G.; Montagnon, Daniel; Reis, Tatiana; Ludes, Bertrand (2009). "Ancient DNA provides new insights into the history of south Siberian Kurgan people".
2985:
Costa, MD; Cherni, L; Fernandes, V; Freitas, F; Ammar El Gaaied, AB; Pereira, L (2009). "Data from complete mtDNA sequencing of Tunisian centenarians: Testing haplogroup association and the "golden mean" to longevity".
188:
The geographic distribution within subclade T2 varies greatly with the ratio of subhaplogroup T2e to T2b reported to vary 40-fold across examined populations from a low in Britain and Ireland, to a high in Saudi Arabia
306:, which have been radiocarbon-dated to between the 7th and 11th centuries CE. The clade-bearing individuals were inhumed at the Tenerife site, with one specimen found to belong to the T2c1d2 subclade (1/7; 14%).
1849:
2027:
185:, in the Kazakh steppe between the 14th-10th centuries BC, as well as later into the 1st millennia BC. These coincide with the latter part of the Andronovo period and the Saka period in the region.
4341:
Non, Amy L.; Al-Meeri, Ali; Raaum, Ryan L.; Sanchez, Luisa F.; Mulligan, Connie J. (2011). "Mitochondrial DNA reveals distinct evolutionary histories for Jewish populations in Yemen and Ethiopia".
2932:
Coble, Michael D.; Loreille, Odile M.; Wadhams, Mark J.; Edson, Suni M.; Maynard, Kerry; Meyer, Carna E.; Niederstätter, Harald; Berger, Cordula; et al. (2009). Hofreiter, Michael (ed.).
4808:
Shlush, Liran I.; Behar, Doron M.; Yudkovsky, Guennady; Templeton, Alan; Hadid, Yarin; Basis, Fuad; Hammer, Michael; Itzkovitz, Shalev; Skorecki, Karl (2008). Gemmell, Neil John (ed.).
3533:
Janssen, GM; Neu, A; 't Hart, LM; Van De Sande, CM; Antonie Maassen, J (2006). "Novel mitochondrial DNA length variants and genetic instability in a family with diabetes and deafness".
243:
and the Middle Volga. The frequency of T1a and T2 in Yamna samples were each 14.5%, a percentage higher than in any country today and only found in similarly high frequencies among the
4448:
Pericić, M; Barać Lauc, L; Martinović Klarić, I; Janićijević, B; Rudan, P (2005). "Review of Croatian genetic heritage as revealed by mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomal lineages".
3729:
Martina Kujanova; Luisa Pereira; Veronica Fernandes; Joana B. Pereira; Viktor Cerny (2009). "Near Eastern Neolithic Genetic Input in a Small Oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert".
3332:
Hartmann, A; Thieme, M; Nanduri, LK; Stempfl, T; Moehle, C; Kivisild, T; Oefner, PJ (2009). "Validation of microarray-based resequencing of 93 worldwide mitochondrial genomes".
4765:
Ruiz-Pesini, Eduardo; Lapeña, Ana-Cristina; Díez-Sánchez, Carmen; Pérez-Martos, Acisclo; Montoya, Julio; Alvarez, Enrique; Díaz, Miguel; Urriés, Antonio; et al. (2000).
2102:
Kefi, Rym; et al. (2018). "On the origin of Iberomaurusians: new data based on ancient mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic analysis of Afalou and Taforalt populations".
3374:
3370:
2515:
Babalini, Carla; Martínez-Labarga, Cristina; Tolk, Helle-Viivi; Kivisild, Toomas; Giampaolo, Rita; Tarsi, Tiziana; Contini, Irene; Barać, Lovorka; et al. (2005).
3846:
MacAulay, Vincent; Richards, Martin; Hickey, Eileen; Vega, Emilce; Cruciani, Fulvio; Guida, Valentina; Scozzari, Rosaria; Bonné-Tamir, Batsheva; et al. (1999).
2649:
Behar, Doron M.; Van Oven, Mannis; Rosset, Saharon; Metspalu, Mait; Loogväli, Eva-Liis; Silva, Nuno M.; Kivisild, Toomas; Torroni, Antonio; Villems, Richard (2012).
181:, and other putative Iranian peoples of the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. Lalueza-Fox et al. (2004) also found several T and T1 sequences in ancient burials, including
4583:
Quintana-Murci, Lluís; Chaix, Raphaëlle; Wells, R. Spencer; Behar, Doron M.; Sayar, Hamid; Scozzari, Rosaria; Rengo, Chiara; Al-Zahery, Nadia; et al. (2004).
2836:
Castrì, Loredana; Garagnani, P; Useli, A; Pettener, D; Luiselli, D (2008). "Kenyan crossroads: migration and gene flow in six ethnic groups from Eastern Africa".
2433:
Malyarchuk, B. A.; Derenko, M. V. (November 1999). "Molecular instability of the mitochondrial haplogroup T sequences at nucleotide positions 16292 and 16296".
2024:
3123:
Fernandes, Verónica; Alshamali, Farida; Alves, Marco; Costa, Marta D.; Pereira, Joana B.; Silva, Nuno M.; Cherni, Lotfi; Harich, Nourdin; et al. (2012).
4148:"Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in south and southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans"
3975:
Malyarchuk, BA; Grzybowski, T; Derenko, MV; Czarny, J; Drobnic, K; Miścicka-Sliwka, D (2003). "Mitochondrial DNA variability in Bosnians and Slovenians".
4626:
Richards, Martin; MacAulay, Vincent; Hickey, Eileen; Vega, Emilce; Sykes, Bryan; Guida, Valentina; Rengo, Chiara; Sellitto, Daniele; et al. (2000).
87:
290:, which have been dated to around 3,000 BCE, have also been observed to carry the T2 subclade. Additionally, haplogroup T has been observed in ancient
4712:
Rogaev, E. I.; Grigorenko, A. P.; Moliaka, Y. K.; Faskhutdinova, G.; Goltsov, A.; Lahti, A.; Hildebrandt, C.; Kittler, E. L. W.; Morozova, I. (2009).
4512:
Poloni, Estella S.; Naciri, Yamama; Bucho, Rute; Niba, Régine; Kervaire, Barbara; Excoffier, Laurent; Langaney, André; Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia (2009).
3494:"Mitochondrial DNA sequence heteroplasmy in the Grand Duke of Russia Georgij Romanov establishes the authenticity of the remains of Tsar Nicholas II"
193:). Within subhaplogroup T2e, a very rare motif is identified among Sephardic Jews of Turkey and Bulgaria and suspected conversos from the New World (
4984:"New genetic evidence supports isolation and drift in the Ladin communities of the South Tyrolean Alps but not an ancient origin in the Middle East"
4669:
Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F.; Scozzari, Rosaria; MacAulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (2003).
5365:
5332:
2202:
Fregel; et al. (2018). "Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe".
2596:
Behar, DM; Metspalu, E; Kivisild, T; Rosset, S; Tzur, S; Hadid, Y; Yudkovsky, G; Rosengarten, D; et al. (2008). MacAulay, Vincent (ed.).
3088:
Dubut, Vincent; Chollet, Lionel; Murail, Pascal; Cartault, François; Béraud-Colomb, Eliane; Serre, Myriam; Mogentale-Profizi, Nérina (2003).
208:(LGM) and more recent dispersals into Europe. Most of T2c comprises haplogroup T2c1. Apart from a peak in Cyprus, T2c1 is most common in the
4047:
Martinez-Cruz, B.; Harmant, C.; Platt, D. E.; Haak, W.; Manry, J.; Ramos-Luis, E.; Soria-Hernanz, D. F.; Bauduer, F.; et al. (2012).
1802:
2838:
1432:
1386:
1281:). According to the Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologica Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Haplogroup T can predispose to
4191:
Mikkelsen, Martin; Sørensen, Erik; Rasmussen, Erik Michael; Morling, Niels (2010). "Mitochondrial DNA HV1 and HV2 variation in Danes".
5181:
5017:
Tishkoff, S. A.; Gonder, M. K.; Henn, B. M.; Mortensen, H.; Knight, A.; Gignoux, C.; Fernandopulle, N.; Lema, G.; et al. (2007).
4469:
Pichler, Irene; Fuchsberger, Christian; Platzer, Christa; Çalişkan, Minal; Marroni, Fabio; Pramstaller, Peter P; Ober, Carole (2010).
4372:"Phylogeny of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup N in India, based on complete sequencing: Implications for the peopling of South Asia"
2285:
1888:
1460:
1422:
4861:
Soares, P.; Alshamali, F.; Pereira, J. B.; Fernandes, V.; Silva, N. M.; Afonso, C.; Costa, M. D.; Musilova, E.; et al. (2011).
3201:
Gasparre, G.; Porcelli, A. M.; Bonora, E.; Pennisi, L. F.; Toller, M.; Iommarini, L.; Ghelli, A.; Moretti, M.; et al. (2007).
5374:
5425:
1370:
2225:"Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans"
1904:
122:
2889:
Chinnery, P F; Mowbray, C; Patel, S K; Elson, J L; Sampson, M; Hitman, G A; McCarthy, M I; Hattersley, A T; Walker, M (2007).
5369:
4982:
Thomas, Mark G; Barnes, Ian; Weale, Michael E; Jones, Abigail L; Forster, Peter; Bradman, Neil; Pramstaller, Peter P (2008).
1374:
1358:
5087:
Torroni, A; Huoponen, K; Francalacci, P; Petrozzi, M; Morelli, L; Scozzari, R; Obinu, D; Savontaus, ML; Wallace, DC (1996).
3435:
Hofreiter, Linea; Lynnerup, Niels; Siegismund, Hans R.; Kivisild, Toomas; Dissing, Jørgen (2010). Hofreiter, Michael (ed.).
2025:
http://haplogroup.org/sources/mitochondrial-dna-signals-of-late-glacial-recolonization-of-europe-from-near-eastern-refugia/
212:
region but is also found in the Levant and in Mediterranean Europe, with a more far-flung distribution at very low levels.
3045:
Derenko, M; Malyarchuk, B; Grzybowski, T; Denisova, G; Dambueva, I; Perkova, M; Dorzhu, C; Luzina, F; et al. (2007).
1930:
Bennett, Casey; Kaestle, Frederika A. (2010). "Investigation of Ancient DNA from Western Siberia and the Sargat Culture".
1350:
4471:"Drawing the history of the Hutterite population on a genetic landscape: Inference from Y-chromosome and mtDNA genotypes"
3289:
González, Ana M.; MacEira, Benito M.; Pérez, Estefanía; Cabrera, Vicente M.; López, Alfonso J.; Larruga, José M. (2012).
3492:
Ivanov, Pavel L.; Wadhams, Mark J.; Roby, Rhonda K.; Holland, Mitchell M.; Weedn, Victor W.; Parsons, Thomas J. (1996).
1427:
5238:"Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Semitic languages identifies an Early Bronze Age origin of Semitic in the Near East"
3643:
Knight, A; Underhill, PA; Mortensen, HM; Zhivotovsky, LA; Lin, AA; Henn, BM; Louis, D; Ruhlen, M; Mountain, JL (2003).
1751:
Asmahan Bekada; Lara R. Arauna; Tahria Deba; Francesc Calafell; Soraya Benhamamouch; David Comas (September 24, 2015).
4220:
Mishmar, D; Ruiz-Pesini, E; Golik, P; MacAulay, V; Clark, AG; Hosseini, S; Brandon, M; Easley, K; et al. (2003).
1382:
1345:). Assuming all relevant pedigrees are correct, this includes all female-line descendants of his female line ancestor
4918:
Stone, AC; Starrs, JE; Stoneking, M (2001). "Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the presumptive remains of Jesse James".
3203:"Disruptive mitochondrial DNA mutations in complex I subunits are markers of oncocytic phenotype in thyroid tumors"
1878:
1476:
1378:
4370:
Palanichamy, MG; Sun, C; Agrawal, S; Bandelt, HJ; Kong, QP; Khan, F; Wang, CY; Chaudhuri, TK; et al. (2004).
3600:
Kivisild, T; Reidla, M; Metspalu, E; Rosa, A; Brehm, A; Pennarun, E; Parik, J; Geberhiwot, T; et al. (2004).
3392:
Helgason, Agnar; Hickey, Eileen; Goodacre, Sara; Bosnes, Vidar; Stefánsson, Kári; Ward, Ryk; Sykes, Bryan (2001).
3371:"Genetic Patterns of Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Variation, with Implications to the Peopling of the Sudan"
4949:"Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal stratification in Iran: Relationship between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula"
2045:"Direct evidence for positive selection of skin, hair, and eye pigmentation in Europeans during the last 5,000 y"
1354:
266:. One ancient individual carried the T2b subclade (1/9; 11%). Additionally, haplogroup T has been observed among
2406:
1819:"Out of Arabia—the settlement of island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity"
19:
This article is about the human mtDNA Haplogroup T. For the unrelated human Y-Chromosome Haplogroup T-M184, see
5387:
318:-speaking populations, including the basal T* clade. Some non-basal T clades are also commonly found among the
5399:
3168:"Lineage-specific selection in human mtDNA: Lack of polymorphisms in a segment of MTND5 gene in haplogroup J"
4413:
Pereira, L; Gonçalves, J; Franco-Duarte, R; Silva, J; Rocha, T; Arnold, C; Richards, M; MacAulay, V (2007).
1984:
Woodward, SR; Davies, W; Gamble, C; Baird, D; Semino, O; Villems, R; Torroni, A; Richards, MB (4 May 2012).
1240:
4415:"No evidence for an mtDNA role in sperm motility: Data from complete sequencing of asthenozoospermic males"
3891:"Molecular instability of the mitochondrial haplogroup T sequences at nucleotide positions 16292 and 16296"
3934:"Mitochondrial DNA variability in Russians and Ukrainians: Implication to the origin of the Eastern Slavs"
3686:
Krings, M; Salem, AE; Bauer, K; Geisert, H; Malek, AK; Chaix, L; Simon, C; Welsby, D; et al. (1999).
2147:"Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods"
1263:
1259:
1110:
283:
5379:
3758:
Lalueza-Fox, C; Sampietro, ML; Gilbert, MT; Castri, L; Facchini, F; Pettener, D; Bertranpetit, J (2004).
5019:"History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation"
2517:"The population history of the Croatian linguistic minority of Molise (southern Italy): A maternal view"
2308:
Castro, M (2006). "Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in Spanish patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy".
1690:
1685:
1652:
1559:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1516:
1508:
1503:
1412:
1338:
1319:
319:
315:
103:
59:
5054:"Tracing the Phylogeography of Human Populations in Britain Based on 4th-11th Century mtDNA Genotypes"
3394:"mtDNA and the Islands of the North Atlantic: Estimating the Proportions of Norse and Gaelic Ancestry"
1258:
A few tentative medical studies have demonstrated that Haplogroup T may offer some resistance to both
5321:
4821:
4725:
4233:
4105:
3448:
3214:
3125:"The Arabian Cradle: Mitochondrial Relicts of the First Steps along the Southern Route out of Africa"
2945:
2609:
2475:
2203:
2158:
2056:
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1712:
1707:
1702:
1695:
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1632:
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1610:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1549:
1544:
1366:
286:(undifferentiated T, T1) periods. Fossils excavated at the Late Neolithic site of Kelif el Boroud in
279:
205:
154:
107:
2550:
5280:
1442:
228:
5161:
4541:
4329:
4000:
3963:
3920:
3674:
3588:
3521:
3357:
3011:
2824:
2786:
2718:
2127:
1965:
1939:
1394:
4671:"Extensive Female-Mediated Gene Flow from Sub-Saharan Africa into Near Eastern Arab Populations"
4585:"Where West Meets East: The Complex mtDNA Landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian Corridor"
4094:"Evidence of Authentic DNA from Danish Viking Age Skeletons Untouched by Humans for 1,000 Years"
4092:
Melchior, Linea; Kivisild, Toomas; Lynnerup, Niels; Dissing, Jørgen (2008). Ahmed, Niyaz (ed.).
4049:"Evidence of Pre-Roman Tribal Genetic Structure in Basques from Uniparentally Inherited Markers"
3688:"MtDNA analysis of Nile River Valley populations: A genetic corridor or a barrier to migration?"
3645:"African Y chromosome and mtDNA divergence provides insight into the history of click languages"
3486:
therefore have been an ancient Southern Scandinavian type "diluted" by later immigration events.
3760:"Unravelling migrations in the steppe: Mitochondrial DNA sequences from ancient central Asians"
5267:
5224:
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4133:
4080:
4035:
3992:
3955:
3912:
3877:
3848:"The Emerging Tree of West Eurasian mtDNAs: A Synthesis of Control-Region Sequences and RFLPs"
3834:
3789:
3746:
3717:
3666:
3631:
3602:"Ethiopian mitochondrial DNA heritage: Tracking gene flow across and around the gate of tears"
3580:
3550:
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3349:
3320:
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3189:
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2184:
2119:
2084:
2015:
1986:"Mitochondrial DNA Signals of Late Glacial Recolonization of Europe from Near Eastern Refugia"
1957:
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20:
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1833:
1782:
1772:
1390:
1346:
1307:
5185:
3291:"Genetics, Environment, and Diabetes-Related End-Stage Renal Disease in the Canary Islands"
2934:"Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis"
2891:"Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and type 2 diabetes: A study of 897 cases and 1010 controls"
1273:
Certain medical studies had shown mitochondrial Haplogroup T to be associated with reduced
5403:
5391:
5360:
5300:
2031:
5408:
4825:
4729:
4237:
4109:
3452:
3218:
2949:
2613:
2479:
2162:
2060:
1768:
1316:
learns that his mitochondrial DNA is of Haplogroup T, specifically the subclade T2f1a1.
5262:
5237:
5113:
5088:
4844:
4809:
4791:
4766:
4748:
4713:
4695:
4670:
4652:
4627:
4609:
4584:
4495:
4470:
4396:
4371:
4128:
4093:
3950:
3933:
3907:
3890:
3872:
3847:
3784:
3759:
3712:
3687:
3626:
3601:
3471:
3436:
3418:
3393:
3315:
3290:
3237:
3202:
3149:
3124:
3071:
3046:
2968:
2933:
2915:
2890:
2675:
2650:
2632:
2597:
2579:
2554:
2498:
2463:
2179:
2146:
2079:
2044:
2010:
1985:
1787:
1752:
1289:). However, these findings have been disputed due to a small sample size in the study (
1274:
303:
255:
251:
162:
146:
142:
139:
5351:
4643:
4514:"Genetic Evidence for Complexity in Ethnic Differentiation and History in East Africa"
4256:
4221:
4174:
4147:
3661:
3644:
1243:. However, some studies have also shown that people of Haplogroup T are less prone to
5419:
5356:
5132:"Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation"
4529:
3988:
3829:
3802:
3361:
2774:
1908:
1490:
267:
259:
224:
90:(mtDNA) haplogroup. It is believed to have originated around 25,100 years ago in the
5281:"Geological records of the recent past, a key to the near future world environments"
5165:
4333:
3924:
3678:
3592:
3254:
Gonder, M. K.; Mortensen, H. M.; Reed, F. A.; De Sousa, A.; Tishkoff, S. A. (2006).
2828:
2790:
2722:
1969:
4545:
4004:
3967:
3015:
2131:
1637:
1313:
323:
295:
232:
209:
158:
77:
G709A, G1888A, A4917G, G8697A, T10463C, G13368A, G14905A, A15607G, G15928A, C16294T
5104:
5089:"Classification of European mtDNAs From an Analysis of Three European Populations"
3525:
2462:
Abu-Amero, Khaled K; Larruga, José M; Cabrera, Vicente M; González, Ana M (2008).
2115:
4834:
4204:
4118:
3461:
2958:
2622:
2321:
2275:
1777:
1118:) indicated are maximum likelihood estimates obtained for the whole-mtDNA genome.
2598:"Counting the founders: The matrilineal genetic ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora"
1874:
4910:
4714:"Genomic identification in the historical case of the Nicholas II royal family"
4226:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3140:
2666:
2651:"A "Copernican" Reassessment of the Human Mitochondrial DNA Tree from its Root"
2001:
5375:
Genetic Genealogy: A Personal Perspective on Tara, Karelians and Kent, England
4767:"Human mtDNA Haplogroups Associated with High or Reduced Spermatozoa Motility"
4513:
3576:
2999:
2812:
2446:
2241:
2224:
4947:
Terreros, Maria C; Rowold, Diane J; Mirabal, Sheyla; Herrera, Rene J (2011).
3047:"Phylogeographic analysis of mitochondrial DNA in northern Asian populations"
5070:
5053:
5035:
5018:
5000:
4983:
4879:
4862:
4738:
4431:
4414:
4246:
4065:
4048:
4030:
4013:
3272:
3255:
3227:
3184:
3167:
3106:
3090:"MtDNA polymorphisms in five French groups: Importance of regional sampling"
3089:
2906:
2533:
2069:
1136:
1115:
178:
174:
111:
91:
45:
5271:
5253:
5228:
5157:
5079:
5044:
5009:
4974:
4939:
4888:
4853:
4800:
4757:
4704:
4661:
4618:
4575:
4537:
4504:
4461:
4440:
4405:
4362:
4325:
4295:
4265:
4212:
4183:
4164:
4137:
4084:
4039:
3996:
3959:
3916:
3838:
3819:
3793:
3775:
3750:
3721:
3670:
3635:
3584:
3554:
3480:
3427:
3353:
3324:
3306:
3281:
3246:
3193:
3158:
3115:
3080:
3037:
3007:
2977:
2924:
2881:
2851:
2820:
2782:
2752:
2714:
2684:
2641:
2588:
2542:
2507:
2488:
2454:
2329:
2260:
2188:
2123:
2088:
2019:
1961:
1845:
1796:
5122:
4486:
3881:
3546:
3517:
2706:
2570:
1239:
One study has shown Haplogroup T to be associated with increased risk for
4965:
4948:
4317:
3801:
Maca-Meyer, N; González, AM; Larruga, JM; Flores, C; Cabrera, VM (2001).
2516:
1953:
1244:
299:
291:
236:
49:
4075:
2170:
1127:
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup I subclades is based on the paper (
204:
T2c and T2d appear to have a Near Eastern origin around the time of the
5333:
The Genographic Project Public Participation Mitochondrial DNA Database
5220:
5148:
5131:
4354:
4287:
3803:"Major genomic mitochondrial lineages delineate early human expansions"
3742:
3509:
3345:
2873:
2744:
2373:
1837:
1302:
327:
287:
263:
244:
240:
131:
4931:
4014:"Mitogenomic diversity in Tatars from the Volga-Ural region of Russia"
2251:
2418:
1331:
271:
182:
5384:
4567:
3493:
2407:"mtDNA Haplogroup T Phylogeny Based on Full Mitochondrial Sequences"
2389:
Faces of America: How 12 Extraordinary People Discovered Their Pasts
5396:
4782:
4686:
4600:
4387:
3863:
3703:
3617:
3409:
3062:
2208:
4628:"Tracing European Founder Lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA Pool"
3256:"Whole-mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African Lineages"
1944:
1341:, has been shown to be of Haplogroup T, specifically subclade T2 (
1109:
121:
5345:
1334:
170:
135:
4863:"The Expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup L3 within and out of Africa"
5052:
Topf, A. L.; Gilbert, MT; Dumbacher, JP; Hoelzel, AR (2005).
4222:"Natural selection shaped regional mtDNA variation in humans"
4012:
Malyarchuk, B; Derenko, M; Denisova, G; Kravtsova, O (2010).
1353:. This includes a great number of European nobles, including
274:
archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Pre-
5236:
Kitchen, A.; Ehret, C.; Assefa, S.; Mulligan, C. J. (2009).
1453:
110:. The T maternal clade is thought to have emanated from the
5409:
mtDNA Haplogroup T - Full Genomic Sequence Research Project
5327:
4810:"The Druze: A Population Genetic Refugium of the Near East"
2277:
The Genetic Strand: Exploring a Family History Through DNA
126:
Projected spatial frequency distribution for haplogroup T.
169:), who inhabit much of the same territory as the ancient
5242:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2555:"Sephardic signature in haplogroup T mitochondrial DNA"
1277:
in males, although these results have been challenged (
5397:
Phylogenetic Networks for the Human mtDNA Haplogroup T
5385:
Phylogenetic Networks for the Human mtDNA Haplogroup T
3535:
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes
2464:"Mitochondrial DNA structure in the Arabian Peninsula"
1753:"Genetic Heterogeneity in Algerian Human Populations"
3437:"Genetic Diversity among Ancient Nordic Populations"
2345:"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Medical Encyclopedia"
73:
65:
55:
41:
33:
28:
223:Wilde et al. (2014) tested mtDNA samples from the
102:Mitochondrial clade T derives from the haplogroup
314:In Africa, haplogroup T is primarily found among
1669:
1666:
1512:
5279:Petit-Maire, Nicole; Bouysse, Philippe (2000).
4718:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3207:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2049:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1135:). For brevity, only the first three levels of
1114:Schematic tree of mtDNA haplogroup T. Ages (in
2405:Pike DA, Barton TJ, Bauer SL, Kipp E (2010).
8:
3166:Finnila, JS; Finnila, S; Majamaa, K (2001).
2145:Schuenemann, Verena J.; et al. (2017).
1746:
1744:
781:
5380:Analysis of a Haplogroup T sequence (T5/T2)
1812:
1810:
1461:human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups
1286:
215:T2 is also found among the Soqotri (7.7%).
166:
5130:van Oven, Mannis; Kayser, Manfred (2009).
3932:Malyarchuk, B. A.; Derenko, M. V. (2001).
3889:Malyarchuk, B. A.; Derenko, M. V. (1999).
332:
145:(0.93%). It is also distributed among the
5299:
5261:
5209:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
5147:
5112:
5069:
5034:
4999:
4964:
4878:
4843:
4833:
4790:
4747:
4737:
4694:
4651:
4608:
4494:
4430:
4395:
4343:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
4276:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
4255:
4245:
4173:
4163:
4127:
4117:
4074:
4064:
4029:
3949:
3906:
3871:
3828:
3818:
3783:
3731:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
3711:
3660:
3625:
3470:
3460:
3417:
3314:
3271:
3236:
3226:
3183:
3148:
3105:
3070:
2967:
2957:
2914:
2862:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2733:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2674:
2631:
2621:
2578:
2532:
2497:
2487:
2250:
2240:
2207:
2178:
2078:
2068:
2009:
1943:
1826:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1786:
1776:
231:speakers. They found T2a1b in the Middle
4193:Forensic Science International: Genetics
3373:. University of Khartoum. Archived from
3295:Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers
1252:
1248:
1128:
1087:
1065:
1039:
991:
969:
881:
855:
829:
759:
733:
707:
659:
637:
615:
589:
563:
497:
475:
383:
2801:International Journal of Legal Medicine
2391:. New York University Press. p. 4.
2223:Rodrı́guez-Varela; et al. (2017).
1740:
1290:
1278:
250:Haplogroup T has also been found among
194:
190:
130:The basal haplogroup T* is found among
4771:The American Journal of Human Genetics
4675:The American Journal of Human Genetics
4632:The American Journal of Human Genetics
4589:The American Journal of Human Genetics
3852:The American Journal of Human Genetics
3398:The American Journal of Human Genetics
3129:The American Journal of Human Genetics
2655:The American Journal of Human Genetics
1990:The American Journal of Human Genetics
1601:
1553:
1520:
1515:
1497:
1494:
1481:
1471:
1342:
1132:
1043:
1017:
995:
947:
925:
903:
877:
851:
825:
803:
755:
729:
703:
681:
611:
585:
519:
471:
449:
427:
405:
25:
1548:
1543:
1131:) and subsequent published research (
7:
2988:Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
1694:
1689:
1684:
1674:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1507:
1502:
1489:
1484:
1468:
106:, which also gave rise to the mtDNA
2839:Journal of Anthropological Sciences
2280:. Simon and Schuster. p. 233.
1817:Černý, Viktor; et al. (2009).
1433:Human mitochondrial molecular clock
1387:Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange
541:
330:, likely with the spread of Islam.
37:25,149 ± 4,668 years before present
4988:European Journal of Human Genetics
4475:European Journal of Human Genetics
4376:American Journal of Human Genetics
3951:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2001.6510063.x
3908:10.1046/j.1469-1809.1999.6360489.x
3692:American Journal of Human Genetics
3606:American Journal of Human Genetics
3094:European Journal of Human Genetics
3051:American Journal of Human Genetics
2559:European Journal of Human Genetics
2521:European Journal of Human Genetics
1907:. Oxford Ancestors. Archived from
1883:. London; New York: Bantam Press.
1423:Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
282:(T1, T2), Ptolemaic (T1, T2), and
16:Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
14:
4530:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00541.x
3989:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00042.x
3764:Proceedings: Biological Sciences
2775:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x
2370:Meet the Izzards: The Mum's Line
1371:George III of the United Kingdom
5301:10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i4/001
5180:Behar; Family Tree DNA (2012).
5058:Molecular Biology and Evolution
5023:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4867:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4419:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4053:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4018:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3260:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3172:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2387:Gates Jr., Henry Louis (2010).
3369:Hassan, Hisham Yousif (2009).
2351:. National Library of Medicine
1375:George V of the United Kingdom
1359:Frederick William I of Prussia
1:
4644:10.1016/S0002-9297(07)62954-1
3662:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00130-1
2376:. 2013-03-12. 48 minutes in.
2116:10.1080/24701394.2016.1258406
1351:Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
4920:Journal of Forensic Sciences
4835:10.1371/journal.pone.0002105
4205:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.07.007
4119:10.1371/journal.pone.0002214
3462:10.1371/journal.pone.0011898
2959:10.1371/journal.pone.0004838
2623:10.1371/journal.pone.0002062
2411:Journal of Genetic Genealogy
2322:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.09.008
1778:10.1371/journal.pone.0138453
1428:Human mitochondrial genetics
1322:belongs to haplogroup T2b2.
5105:10.1093/genetics/144.4.1835
2895:Journal of Medical Genetics
1383:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
1363:Electress Sophia of Hanover
227:, the presumed homeland of
5442:
4911:10.1016/j.mito.2007.08.034
3141:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.010
2667:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002
2002:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.04.003
1880:The Seven Daughters of Eve
1456:
1379:Charles X Gustav of Sweden
1008:Afro-Asiatic > Cushitic
960:Afro-Asiatic > Cushitic
816:Afro-Asiatic > Cushitic
694:Afro-Asiatic > Cushitic
672:Afro-Asiatic > Cushitic
628:Afro-Asiatic > Cushitic
602:Afro-Asiatic > Cushitic
532:Afro-Asiatic > Cushitic
440:Afro-Asiatic > Egyptian
418:Afro-Asiatic > Cushitic
396:Afro-Asiatic > Cushitic
326:due to diffusion from the
254:specimens dating from the
247:of the Volga-Ural region.
239:, and T1a both in central
18:
4953:Journal of Human Genetics
3577:10.1007/s00439-009-0683-0
3000:10.1016/j.mad.2008.12.001
2813:10.1007/s00414-004-0466-z
2447:10.1017/S0003480099007794
2242:10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.059
1355:George I of Great Britain
1078:Afro-Asiatic > Semitic
650:Afro-Asiatic > Semitic
554:Afro-Asiatic > Semitic
488:Afro-Asiatic > Semitic
374:Afro-Asiatic > Semitic
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
270:mummies excavated at the
4518:Annals of Human Genetics
4450:Croatian Medical Journal
3977:Annals of Human Genetics
3938:Annals of Human Genetics
3895:Annals of Human Genetics
3026:Collegium Antropologicum
2763:Annals of Human Genetics
2468:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2435:Annals of Human Genetics
2104:Mitochondrial DNA Part A
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1677:
576:Afro-Asiatic > Omotic
462:Afro-Asiatic > Omotic
42:Possible place of origin
5426:Human mtDNA haplogroups
5001:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201906
4739:10.1073/pnas.0811190106
4247:10.1073/pnas.0136972100
3228:10.1073/pnas.0703056104
3107:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201145
2907:10.1136/jmg.2007.048876
2534:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201439
2070:10.1073/pnas.1316513111
1312:the actor and comedian
1241:coronary artery disease
88:human mitochondrial DNA
34:Possible time of origin
5366:Spread of Haplogroup T
5322:Mitochondrial DNA Site
5254:10.1098/rspb.2009.0408
4165:10.1186/1471-2156-5-26
3820:10.1186/1471-2156-2-13
3776:10.1098/rspb.2004.2698
3307:10.1089/gtmb.2011.0207
2489:10.1186/1471-2148-8-45
2043:Wilde, Sandra (2014).
1139:(branches) are shown.
1119:
127:
5071:10.1093/molbev/msj013
5036:10.1093/molbev/msm155
4880:10.1093/molbev/msr245
4487:10.1038/ejhg.2009.172
4432:10.1093/molbev/msm004
4066:10.1093/molbev/mss091
4031:10.1093/molbev/msq065
3547:10.1055/s-2006-924066
3273:10.1093/molbev/msl209
3185:10.1093/molbev/msg230
2860:sub-Saharan Africa".
2707:10.1353/hub.2003.0069
2571:10.1038/ejhg.2011.200
2274:Ball, Edward (2007).
2235:(1–7): 3396–3402.e5.
2151:Nature Communications
1459:Phylogenetic tree of
1413:Genealogical DNA test
1349:(1390–1451), wife of
1326:Nicholas II of Russia
1320:Henry Louis Gates Jr.
1113:
294:fossils excavated in
125:
5359:'s mtDNA Haplotree:
4966:10.1038/jhg.2010.174
4318:10.3378/027.081.0104
1954:10.3378/027.082.0202
1367:Charles I of England
482:Egyptians (El-Hayez)
262:prehistoric site in
206:Last Glacial Maximum
5370:National Geographic
4826:2008PLoSO...3.2105S
4730:2009PNAS..106.5258R
4238:2003PNAS..100..171M
4110:2008PLoSO...3.2214M
3453:2010PLoSO...511898M
3219:2007PNAS..104.9001G
2950:2009PLoSO...4.4838C
2614:2008PLoSO...3.2062B
2480:2008BMCEE...8...45A
2417:(1). Archived from
2171:10.1038/ncomms15694
2163:2017NatCo...815694S
2061:2014PNAS..111.4832W
1905:"Maternal Ancestry"
1769:2015PLoSO..1038453B
1450:Backbone mtDNA Tree
1443:Population genetics
1264:Alzheimer's disease
1260:Parkinson's disease
229:Proto-Indo-European
5402:2008-05-09 at the
5390:2008-05-31 at the
5326:Mannis van Oven's
5221:10.1002/ajpa.20960
5149:10.1002/humu.20921
4355:10.1002/ajpa.21360
4288:10.1002/ajpa.21522
3743:10.1002/ajpa.21078
3510:10.1038/ng0496-417
3346:10.1002/humu.20816
2874:10.1002/ajpa.21070
2745:10.1002/ajpa.22212
2030:2023-02-07 at the
1838:10.1002/ajpa.20960
1395:George I of Greece
1120:
128:
74:Defining mutations
5248:(1668): 2703–10.
5182:"mtDNA Community"
4932:10.1520/JFS14932J
4274:HV1 haplogroup".
3213:(21): 9001–9006.
2551:Bedford, Felice L
2055:(13): 4832–4837.
1855:on 6 October 2016
1723:
1722:
1664:
1473:Mitochondrial Eve
1438:Mitochondrial Eve
1418:Genetic genealogy
1283:asthenozoospermia
1093:
1092:
782:Brandstatter 2004
81:
80:
21:Haplogroup T-M184
5433:
5305:
5303:
5285:
5275:
5265:
5232:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5184:. Archived from
5169:
5151:
5126:
5116:
5083:
5073:
5048:
5038:
5013:
5003:
4978:
4968:
4943:
4914:
4892:
4882:
4857:
4847:
4837:
4804:
4794:
4761:
4751:
4741:
4708:
4698:
4665:
4655:
4622:
4612:
4579:
4549:
4508:
4498:
4465:
4444:
4434:
4409:
4399:
4366:
4337:
4299:
4269:
4259:
4249:
4216:
4187:
4177:
4167:
4141:
4131:
4121:
4088:
4078:
4068:
4043:
4033:
4008:
3983:(Pt 5): 412–25.
3971:
3953:
3928:
3910:
3885:
3875:
3842:
3832:
3822:
3797:
3787:
3754:
3725:
3715:
3698:(4): 1166–1176.
3682:
3664:
3639:
3629:
3596:
3558:
3529:
3488:
3474:
3464:
3431:
3421:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3379:
3365:
3328:
3318:
3285:
3275:
3250:
3240:
3230:
3197:
3187:
3162:
3152:
3119:
3109:
3084:
3074:
3041:
3019:
2981:
2971:
2961:
2928:
2918:
2885:
2855:
2832:
2794:
2756:
2726:
2688:
2678:
2645:
2635:
2625:
2592:
2582:
2546:
2536:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2458:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2254:
2244:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2182:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2072:
2040:
2034:
2023:
2013:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1947:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1854:
1848:. Archived from
1823:
1814:
1805:
1800:
1790:
1780:
1748:
1660:
1454:
1391:Olav V of Norway
1347:Barbara of Celje
1308:Meet the Izzards
1287:Ruiz-Pesini 2000
333:
268:ancient Egyptian
167:Lalueza-Fox 2004
26:
5441:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5416:
5415:
5404:Wayback Machine
5392:Wayback Machine
5312:
5283:
5278:
5235:
5206:
5203:
5201:Further reading
5191:
5189:
5179:
5176:
5129:
5086:
5051:
5029:(10): 2180–95.
5016:
4981:
4946:
4917:
4895:
4860:
4807:
4764:
4724:(13): 5258–63.
4711:
4668:
4625:
4582:
4568:10.1139/G10-102
4552:
4511:
4468:
4447:
4412:
4369:
4340:
4302:
4272:
4219:
4190:
4144:
4091:
4046:
4011:
3974:
3944:(Pt 1): 63–78.
3931:
3888:
3845:
3800:
3770:(1542): 941–7.
3757:
3728:
3685:
3649:Current Biology
3642:
3599:
3561:
3532:
3498:Nature Genetics
3491:
3434:
3391:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3368:
3331:
3288:
3253:
3200:
3178:(12): 2132–42.
3165:
3122:
3087:
3044:
3022:
2984:
2931:
2888:
2858:
2835:
2797:
2759:
2729:
2691:
2648:
2595:
2549:
2514:
2461:
2432:
2424:
2422:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2354:
2352:
2343:Chen, Michael.
2342:
2341:
2337:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2229:Current Biology
2222:
2221:
2217:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2032:Wayback Machine
1982:
1981:
1977:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1911:on 15 July 2017
1903:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1763:(9): e0138453.
1750:
1749:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1452:
1447:
1408:
1403:
1328:
1299:
1237:
1125:
1108:
1103:
1098:
347:Language Family
312:
272:Abusir el-Meleq
221:
120:
100:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5439:
5437:
5429:
5428:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5394:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5363:
5354:
5348:
5344:YFull MTree's
5337:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5324:
5311:
5310:External links
5308:
5307:
5306:
5294:(4): 230–246.
5276:
5233:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5142:(2): E386–94.
5136:Human Mutation
5127:
5099:(4): 1835–50.
5084:
5049:
5014:
4979:
4944:
4915:
4893:
4858:
4805:
4783:10.1086/303040
4762:
4709:
4687:10.1086/374384
4681:(4): 1058–64.
4666:
4638:(5): 1251–76.
4623:
4601:10.1086/383236
4580:
4550:
4524:(6): 582–600.
4509:
4466:
4445:
4410:
4388:10.1086/425871
4367:
4338:
4300:
4270:
4217:
4188:
4142:
4089:
4059:(9): 2211–22.
4044:
4024:(10): 2220–6.
4009:
3972:
3929:
3901:(6): 489–497.
3886:
3864:10.1086/302204
3843:
3798:
3755:
3737:(2): 336–346.
3726:
3704:10.1086/302314
3683:
3640:
3618:10.1086/425161
3597:
3571:(3): 395–410.
3565:Human Genetics
3559:
3530:
3489:
3432:
3410:10.1086/318785
3389:
3366:
3334:Human Mutation
3329:
3286:
3251:
3198:
3163:
3135:(2): 347–355.
3120:
3100:(4): 293–300.
3085:
3063:10.1086/522933
3057:(5): 1025–41.
3042:
3020:
2982:
2929:
2886:
2856:
2833:
2807:(5): 294–306.
2795:
2757:
2739:(3): 375–385.
2727:
2689:
2646:
2593:
2547:
2512:
2459:
2441:(6): 489–497.
2430:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2379:
2361:
2335:
2300:
2287:978-1416554257
2286:
2266:
2215:
2209:10.1101/191569
2194:
2137:
2110:(1): 147–157.
2094:
2035:
1996:(5): 915–924.
1975:
1938:(2): 143–156.
1922:
1896:
1890:978-0393020182
1889:
1866:
1832:(4): 439–447.
1806:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1327:
1324:
1298:
1297:Famous members
1295:
1275:sperm motility
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1124:
1121:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
999:
998:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
973:
972:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
951:
950:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
929:
928:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
907:
906:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
885:
884:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
859:
858:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
833:
832:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
807:
806:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
785:
784:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
763:
762:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
737:
736:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
711:
710:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
685:
684:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
663:
662:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
641:
640:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
619:
618:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
593:
592:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
567:
566:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
545:
544:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
523:
522:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
501:
500:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
479:
478:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
453:
452:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
431:
430:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
409:
408:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
387:
386:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
365:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
311:
308:
304:Canary Islands
256:Epipaleolithic
252:Iberomaurusian
220:
217:
119:
116:
99:
96:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5438:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5358:
5357:FamilyTreeDNA
5355:
5353:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5302:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5282:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5215:(4): 439–47.
5214:
5210:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5188:on 2018-01-02
5187:
5183:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5064:(1): 152–61.
5063:
5059:
5055:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4994:(1): 124–34.
4993:
4989:
4985:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4959:(3): 235–46.
4958:
4954:
4950:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4899:Mitochondrion
4894:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4873:(3): 915–27.
4872:
4868:
4864:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4777:(3): 682–96.
4776:
4772:
4768:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4595:(5): 827–45.
4594:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4481:(4): 463–70.
4480:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4456:(4): 502–13.
4455:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4425:(3): 868–74.
4424:
4420:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4382:(6): 966–78.
4381:
4377:
4373:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4306:Human Biology
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3858:(1): 232–49.
3857:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3655:(6): 464–73.
3654:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3612:(5): 752–70.
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3541:(4): 168–74.
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3504:(4): 417–20.
3503:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3447:(7): e11898.
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3404:(3): 206–15.
3403:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3380:on 2020-11-10
3376:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3340:(1): 115–22.
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3301:(8): 859–64.
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3266:(3): 757–68.
3265:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2868:(2): 302–11.
2867:
2863:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2769:(4): 459–87.
2768:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2701:(5): 647–60.
2700:
2696:
2695:Human Biology
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2661:(4): 675–84.
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
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2594:
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2572:
2568:
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2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2527:(8): 902–12.
2526:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2421:on 2016-04-22
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2310:Int J Cardiol
2304:
2301:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:Human Biology
1926:
1923:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1518:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1444:
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1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1361:(through the
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1304:
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1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1253:González 2012
1250:
1249:Chinnery 2007
1246:
1242:
1235:Health issues
1234:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1190:
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1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1159:
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1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:van Oven 2008
1122:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1088:Kivisild 2004
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:Tishkoff 2007
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:Tishkoff 2007
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
993:
992:Tishkoff 2007
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:Tishkoff 2007
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
886:
883:
882:Boattini 2013
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
860:
857:
856:Boattini 2013
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
831:
830:Boattini 2013
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:Boattini 2013
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
738:
735:
734:Boattini 2013
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
712:
709:
708:Boattini 2013
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:Kivisild 2004
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
642:
639:
638:Kivisild 2004
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
620:
617:
616:Boattini 2013
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:Boattini 2013
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
568:
565:
564:Kivisild 2004
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
526:Ethiopian Jew
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:Kujanova 2009
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
480:
477:
476:Boattini 2013
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:Kivisild 2004
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
366:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
334:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
309:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:Yamna culture
218:
216:
213:
211:
207:
202:
198:
196:
192:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:populations (
164:
160:
159:Central Asian
156:
150:
148:
144:
141:
137:
133:
124:
117:
115:
113:
109:
105:
97:
95:
93:
89:
85:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
5361:Haplogroup T
5352:Haplogroup T
5346:Haplogroup T
5340:Haplogroup T
5339:
5320:Ian Logan's
5315:
5291:
5287:
5245:
5241:
5212:
5208:
5190:. Retrieved
5186:the original
5139:
5135:
5096:
5092:
5061:
5057:
5026:
5022:
4991:
4987:
4956:
4952:
4926:(1): 173–6.
4923:
4919:
4902:
4898:
4870:
4866:
4820:(5): e2105.
4817:
4813:
4774:
4770:
4721:
4717:
4678:
4674:
4635:
4631:
4592:
4588:
4562:(2): 110–9.
4559:
4555:
4521:
4517:
4478:
4474:
4453:
4449:
4422:
4418:
4379:
4375:
4346:
4342:
4312:(1): 43–58.
4309:
4305:
4282:(4): 592–8.
4279:
4275:
4232:(1): 171–6.
4229:
4225:
4199:(4): e87–8.
4196:
4192:
4155:
4152:BMC Genetics
4151:
4104:(5): e2214.
4101:
4097:
4076:10261/112478
4056:
4052:
4021:
4017:
3980:
3976:
3941:
3937:
3898:
3894:
3855:
3851:
3810:
3807:BMC Genetics
3806:
3767:
3763:
3734:
3730:
3695:
3691:
3652:
3648:
3609:
3605:
3568:
3564:
3538:
3534:
3501:
3497:
3484:
3444:
3440:
3401:
3397:
3382:. Retrieved
3375:the original
3337:
3333:
3298:
3294:
3263:
3259:
3210:
3206:
3175:
3171:
3132:
3128:
3097:
3093:
3054:
3050:
3032:(1): 193–8.
3029:
3025:
2994:(4): 222–6.
2991:
2987:
2944:(3): e4838.
2941:
2937:
2898:
2894:
2865:
2861:
2843:
2837:
2804:
2800:
2766:
2762:
2736:
2732:
2698:
2694:
2658:
2654:
2608:(4): e2062.
2605:
2601:
2565:(4): 441–8.
2562:
2558:
2524:
2520:
2471:
2467:
2438:
2434:
2423:. Retrieved
2419:the original
2414:
2410:
2388:
2382:
2369:
2364:
2353:. Retrieved
2349:Medline Plus
2348:
2338:
2316:(2): 202–6.
2313:
2309:
2303:
2291:. Retrieved
2276:
2269:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2197:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2052:
2048:
2038:
1993:
1989:
1978:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:the original
1899:
1879:
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1850:the original
1829:
1825:
1760:
1756:
1717:
1458:
1457:
1329:
1318:
1314:Eddie Izzard
1306:
1305:documentary
1300:
1291:Mishmar 2002
1279:Mishmar 2002
1272:
1268:
1257:
1238:
1126:
982:Nilo-Saharan
938:Undetermined
916:Nilo-Saharan
868:Nilo-Saharan
842:Nilo-Saharan
794:Nilo-Saharan
746:Nilo-Saharan
720:Nilo-Saharan
510:Undetermined
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
316:Afro-Asiatic
313:
296:Gran Canaria
249:
233:Volga region
222:
214:
210:Persian Gulf
203:
199:
195:Bedford 2012
191:Bedford 2012
187:
151:
138:(1.67%) and
129:
118:Distribution
108:haplogroup J
101:
84:Haplogroup T
83:
82:
29:Haplogroup T
4349:(1): 1–10.
2846:: 189–192.
1875:Bryan Sykes
1343:Ivanov 1996
1339:Nicholas II
1301:During the
1133:Behar 2012b
1056:Niger-Congo
1044:Knight 2003
1030:Niger-Congo
1018:Knight 2003
996:Knight 2003
948:Soares 2011
926:Krings 1999
904:Castrì 2009
894:Niger-Congo
878:Castrì 2008
852:Castrì 2008
826:Castrì 2008
804:Poloni 2009
772:Niger-Congo
756:Castrì 2008
730:Castrì 2008
704:Castrì 2008
682:Poloni 2009
612:Castrì 2008
586:Castrì 2008
520:Soares 2011
472:Castrì 2008
450:Hassan 2009
428:Behar 2008a
412:Beta Israel
406:Hassan 2009
320:Niger-Congo
280:New Kingdom
219:Archaeology
161:and modern
66:Descendants
5350:MITOMAP's
5192:2013-01-12
4905:(6): 412.
3384:2016-04-18
2901:(6): e80.
2425:2011-10-19
2355:2015-10-03
2252:2164/13526
1915:7 February
1726:References
337:Population
322:-speaking
5328:Phylotree
3362:205918494
2474:(1): 45.
2157:: 15694.
1945:1112.2014
1736:Citations
1731:Footnotes
1330:The last
1137:subclades
1106:Subclades
788:Nyangatom
666:Daasanach
357:Frequency
276:Ptolemaic
179:Andronovo
175:Sarmatian
140:Reguibate
132:Algerians
112:Near East
92:Near East
69:T1 and T2
48:, and/or
46:Near East
5420:Category
5400:Archived
5388:Archived
5288:Episodes
5272:19403539
5229:19012329
5174:Websites
5166:27566749
5158:18853457
5093:Genetics
5080:16151183
5045:17656633
5010:17712356
4975:21326310
4940:11210907
4889:22096215
4854:18461126
4814:PLOS ONE
4801:10936107
4758:19251637
4705:12629598
4662:11032788
4619:15077202
4576:21326367
4538:19706029
4505:19844259
4462:16100752
4441:17218641
4406:15467980
4363:20623605
4334:45791162
4326:19589018
4296:21660931
4266:12509511
4213:20457038
4184:15339343
4138:18509537
4098:PLOS ONE
4085:22411853
4040:20457583
3997:12940915
3960:11415523
3925:45007072
3917:11246451
3839:11553319
3794:15255049
3751:19425100
3722:10090902
3679:52862939
3671:12646128
3636:15457403
3593:21347353
3585:19449030
3555:16705548
3481:20689597
3441:PLOS ONE
3428:11179019
3354:18623076
3325:22480375
3282:17194802
3247:17517629
3194:12949126
3159:22284828
3116:14694359
3081:17924343
3038:15636075
3008:19133286
2978:19277206
2938:PLOS ONE
2925:17551080
2882:19425093
2852:19934476
2829:19703169
2821:15248073
2791:23156886
2783:16759179
2753:23283748
2723:23876546
2715:14763602
2685:22482806
2642:18446216
2602:PLOS ONE
2589:22108605
2553:(2012).
2543:15886710
2508:18269758
2455:11246451
2330:16313983
2261:29107554
2189:28556824
2124:28034339
2089:24616518
2028:Archived
2020:22560092
1970:54566651
1962:20649397
1877:(2001).
1846:19012329
1803:S5 Table
1797:26402429
1757:PLOS ONE
1406:Genetics
1401:See also
1245:diabetes
1053:Tanzania
1027:Tanzania
1005:Tanzania
979:Tanzania
957:Tanzania
810:Rendille
647:Ethiopia
625:Ethiopia
599:Ethiopia
573:Ethiopia
551:Ethiopia
542:Non 2011
529:Ethiopia
507:Ethiopia
504:Ethiopia
459:Ethiopia
456:Dawro K.
415:Ethiopia
371:Ethiopia
342:Location
300:Tenerife
237:Bulgaria
155:Iranians
149:(1.2%).
56:Ancestor
50:Caucasus
5368:, from
5316:General
5263:2839953
5123:8978068
5114:1207732
4845:2324201
4822:Bibcode
4792:1287528
4749:2664067
4726:Bibcode
4696:1180338
4653:1288566
4610:1181978
4546:2488794
4496:2987252
4397:1182158
4234:Bibcode
4129:2386972
4106:Bibcode
4005:2105448
3968:9392520
3882:9915963
3873:1377722
3785:1691686
3713:1377841
3627:1182106
3518:8630496
3472:2912848
3449:Bibcode
3419:1274484
3316:3422557
3238:1885617
3215:Bibcode
3150:3276663
3072:2265662
3016:6102820
2969:2652717
2946:Bibcode
2916:2740896
2676:3322232
2633:2323359
2610:Bibcode
2580:3306851
2499:2268671
2476:Bibcode
2399:Sources
2374:BBC One
2204:bioRxiv
2180:5459999
2159:Bibcode
2132:4490910
2080:3977302
2057:Bibcode
2011:3376494
1859:13 June
1788:4581715
1765:Bibcode
1675:
1667:
1657:
1607:
1584:
1554:
1524:
1521:
1513:
1498:
1485:
1482:
1469:
1332:Russian
1303:BBC One
954:Burunge
862:Turkana
836:Samburu
766:Nairobi
328:Maghreb
302:on the
292:Guanche
288:Morocco
264:Algeria
258:at the
245:Udmurts
241:Ukraine
183:Kurgans
147:Soqotri
143:Sahrawi
98:Origins
5270:
5260:
5227:
5164:
5156:
5121:
5111:
5078:
5043:
5008:
4973:
4938:
4887:
4852:
4842:
4799:
4789:
4756:
4746:
4703:
4693:
4660:
4650:
4617:
4607:
4574:
4556:Genome
4544:
4536:
4503:
4493:
4460:
4439:
4404:
4394:
4361:
4332:
4324:
4294:
4264:
4257:140917
4254:
4211:
4182:
4175:516768
4172:
4158:: 26.
4136:
4126:
4083:
4038:
4003:
3995:
3966:
3958:
3923:
3915:
3880:
3870:
3837:
3827:
3813:: 13.
3792:
3782:
3749:
3720:
3710:
3677:
3669:
3634:
3624:
3591:
3583:
3553:
3526:287478
3524:
3516:
3479:
3469:
3426:
3416:
3360:
3352:
3323:
3313:
3280:
3245:
3235:
3192:
3157:
3147:
3114:
3079:
3069:
3036:
3014:
3006:
2976:
2966:
2923:
2913:
2880:
2850:
2827:
2819:
2789:
2781:
2751:
2721:
2713:
2683:
2673:
2640:
2630:
2587:
2577:
2541:
2506:
2496:
2453:
2328:
2293:31 May
2284:
2259:
2206:
2187:
2177:
2130:
2122:
2087:
2077:
2018:
2008:
1968:
1960:
1887:
1844:
1795:
1785:
1662:pre-JT
1393:, and
1101:Europe
1072:Yemeni
1024:Sukuma
976:Datoga
891:Rwanda
740:Maasai
688:Elmolo
644:Tigrai
596:Ongota
548:Gurage
368:Amhara
362:Source
310:Africa
278:/late
260:Afalou
163:Turkic
5284:(PDF)
5162:S2CID
4542:S2CID
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