25:
476:, where excellence in scholarship would dovetail with faithfulness to orthodox Protestant beliefs, and yield a renovation of western culture from secular unbelief. The seminary would become a launching pad for a new generation of zealous evangelicals who would rigorously engage in critical dialogue with Liberal theology and modern secular thought, as well as cultivating skills in those who would propel mass evangelism and worldwide missions. The principal founding figures of Fuller Seminary included
338:, Ockenga was appointed his successor. He continued in that post until 1969. During his pastoral career at Park Street, Ockenga delivered many sermons that later formed the substance of various books he wrote. In all he wrote a dozen books dealing with biblical themes, and pastoral commentaries on biblical texts and bible characters. His congregation thrived during much of his pastorate as he exercised considerable talents as a preacher, evangelist, leader and organizer.
416:. The reaction of many Fundamentalists to the influence of liberal Protestant theology and modern secular beliefs led to a withdrawal from many of the mainline denominations and institutions. In addition, the Fundamentalists believed that anyone, regardless of religious outlook, could be involved with social action and so they wanted to retreat to deal only with the "Spiritual Gospel."
521:
the summons to social involvement received a hearty response from many
Evangelicals. ... It differed from fundamentalism in its repudiation of separatism and its determination to engage itself in the theological dialogue of the day. It had a new emphasis upon the application of the gospel to the sociological, political, and economic areas of life.
457:. Ockenga served as its founding president from 1942-1944. Those affiliated with the association were interested in maintaining many of the biblical concerns that militant fundamentalists held to. However they also sought to reform fundamentalism from what they perceived as its anti-cultural and anti-intellectual tendencies.
520:
Neo-evangelicalism was born in 1948 in connection with a convocation address which I gave in the Civic
Auditorium in Pasadena. While reaffirming the theological view of fundamentalism, this address repudiated its ecclesiology and its social theory. The ringing call for a repudiation of separatism and
534:
Those who differed with the conservatives held to a vision for progressive thought among evangelicals on theological, biblical and ethical issues. With
Ockenga's final departure from the role of president in absentia, the seminary shifted into a different phase of growth under the direction of those
569:
Ockenga died of cancer on Friday, February 8, 1985. At his funeral service on Monday, February 11, 1985, was an old friend: Billy Graham. "He was a giant among giants," Graham reflected. "Nobody outside of my family influenced me more than he did. I never made a major decision without first calling
483:
The seminary opened in
September 1947, and Ockenga was appointed seminary president. However, Ockenga was reluctant to relinquish his pastoral post and so much to the chagrin of his seminary colleagues he served as president in absentia from 1947 until 1954. He was succeeded by Edward John Carnell.
496:
for the presidency that year. They planned a meeting for the new
National Conference for Citizens for Religious Freedom the following month in Washington. Ockenga was one of the spokesmen for the group, whose initial gathering on September 7 was pilloried by the media as the "Peale Group," after
491:
magazine came to be known as Neo-Evangelicalism. A part of the movement was its opposition to Roman
Catholicism, a concern that Ockenga embraced. For example, he was one of the thirty or so leaders who met for a strategy session with Billy Graham in mid-August 1960 in Montreaux, Switzerland, to
444:
Towards the end of the Second World War, Ockenga founded War Relief and the War Relief
Commission (1944) to deal with the situation abroad. He believed that Neo-Evangelicalism would lack credibility if Christians did not meet the physical needs of those who desperately needed assistance and only
419:
However, Ockenga and some other younger and emerging figures inside those churches felt uncomfortable about the militant isolation from culture. Ockenga also believed that Jesus came to deal with the physical well-being in addition to the more serious spiritual well-being of the people he met.
530:
The first sixteen years of work at Fuller
Theological Seminary witnessed the development of two outlooks among staff and students: conservative and progressive evangelicalism. Among the conservatives, such as Ockenga, Henry, Lindsell and Smith, there was some concern that others such as David
264:. Harold Ockenga was baptized at Austin Presbyterian Church, and his mother later brought him to Olivet Methodist Episcopal Church of which he became a member at age eleven. As a teenager, he had a strong sense of God calling him to pastoral ministry. He began his undergraduate education at
541:
When
Ockenga retired from Park Street Church in 1969 he was appointed president of Gordon College and Divinity School. His desire was to recreate on the U.S. East Coast something of the essence of what had been planned for Fuller seminary. In the late 1960s, therefore, Ockenga entered into
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to become a pastoral assistant at the First
Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh. During 1931 both Machen and Macartney recommended Ockenga for the position of pastor at Point Breeze Presbyterian church, in Pittsburgh. Ockenga went to be the associate pastor at
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349:'s (first mid-century transcontinental) evangelistic crusade, which was regarded as highly successful. On the strength of that event, both Graham and Ockenga then conducted an evangelistic tour of
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to research on Marxism. He was awarded the PhD degree in 1939. During his studies at Pittsburgh he met Audrey Williamson, had a whirlwind courtship, and married in 1935.
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and Protestant Liberals or Modernists in the earlier part of the twentieth century. Much of the controversy centered on questions of the historicity of the Bible,
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In an effort to redress these concerns Ockenga and J. Elwin Wright of the New England Fellowship planned the establishing of a new organisation known as the
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This overall ferment for reform in fundamentalism, as exemplified in the establishing of the National Association of Evangelicals, Fuller Seminary and
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In addition to his pastoral career and writings, Ockenga became a significant leader in a mid-twentieth-century reforming movement known as
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Much of the history of these tensions between conservatives and progressives are discussed in George Marsden's history of the seminary.
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H. Larry Ingle, Nixon's First Cover-up: The Religious Life of a Quaker President, pp. 101-06 University of Missouri Press, 2015
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566:. Ockenga served as its president from 1970–79, with figures like Walter Martin sitting on the seminary's board.
867:(Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, 2005) - includes correspondence between Machen and Ockenga.
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Another indicator of the effort to reform fundamentalism is located in the efforts of the founding fathers of
236:. He was also a prolific author on biblical, theological, and devotional topics. Ockenga helped to found the
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The personal library and papers of Harold John Ockenga are archived at Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary.
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501:. The term may or may not have been originally coined by Ockenga, but in 1948 at the Civic Auditorium in
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Ockenga resumed his post as president in absentia from 1960 until 1963 following Carnell's resignation.
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as the only son of Angie and Herman Ockenga. Ockenga's father had German ancestry; the name Ockenga is
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Ockenga graduated from Westminster in 1930, after which he enrolled as a student in philosophy at the
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or the New Evangelicalism. Its roots are found in the theological controversy between Protestant
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The Surprising Work of God: Harold John Ockenga, Billy Graham, and the Rebirth of Evangelicalism
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Hubbard, Paul Jewett and Daniel Fuller held to a different view of biblical inerrancy.
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Cooperation without Compromise: A History of the National Association of Evangelicals
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725:——— (July 1952). "The Church's Standard of Moral Purity, part 2".
712:——— (June 1952). "The Church's Standard of Moral Purity, part 1".
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and asking his advice and counsel. I thank God for his friendship and his life."
216:(June 6, 1905 – February 8, 1985) was a leading figure of mid-20th-century
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The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith Since World War II
865:
J. Gresham Machen's the Gospel and the Modern World and Other Short Writings
738:——— (August 1954). "The World Challenge to the Churches".
397:
688:
813:
Two Reformers of Fundamentalism: Harold John Ockenga and Carl F. H. Henry
516:
by Harold Lindsell, Ockenga further defined the term neo-evangelicalism:
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but did not complete his theological studies there. In the midst of the "
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After graduating from Taylor in 1927, Ockenga enrolled as a student at
269:
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Harold John Ockenga Institute at Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary
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Reforming Fundamentalism: Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism
779:
Reforming Fundamentalism: Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism
322:, at two Methodist churches. In 1931 he accepted an invitation from
445:
preached a spiritual Gospel. War Relief later became World Relief.
401:
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plan how the movement could best oppose the candidacy of Senator
367:. He served as chairman of the board of the magazine until 1981.
220:, part of the reform movement known as "Neo-Evangelicalism". A
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480:(radio evangelist), Ockenga, Carl Henry, and Harold Lindsell.
18:
883:
472:. The seminary was initially conceived of as the Evangelical
683:. Proclaiming the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker.
334:
In 1937, at the death of Park Street's longtime pastor,
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Presidents of the National Association of Evangelicals
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Web-page of Park Street Congregational Church, Boston
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minister, Ockenga served for many years as pastor of
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Short history of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
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844:Other relevant historical and biographical sources
827:Park Street Prophet: A Life of Harold John Ockenga
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497:its chairman, the champion of positive thinking,
256:Ockenga was born on June 6, 1905, and raised in
295:– who withdrew from Princeton to establish the
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820:Brimstone Corner: Park Street Church, Boston
1812:Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary faculty
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1278:
1270:
997:
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907:
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860:(Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1956).
853:(Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1987).
420:Alongside of Ockenga were figures such as
361:in organizing the evangelical periodical,
80:
1802:Founders of American schools and colleges
1762:20th-century American non-fiction writers
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
781:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans.
542:negotiations to merge two institutions:
32:This article includes a list of general
1842:Westminster Theological Seminary alumni
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509:his speech gave birth to the movement.
318:Ockenga began his pastoral ministry in
550:. He collaborated with people such as
535:identified with progressive thinking.
836:(Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008).
815:(New York: Garland Publishing, 1988).
7:
455:National Association of Evangelicals
400:, and various doctrines such as the
281:fundamentalist-modernist controversy
246:National Association of Evangelicals
206:National Association of Evangelicals
1807:Fuller Theological Seminary faculty
1301:Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary
758:Evangelicalism in the United States
564:Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
242:Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
202:Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary
1757:20th-century American male writers
829:(Wheaton: Van Kampen Press, 1951).
268:, a then-Methodist institution in
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1782:American male non-fiction writers
1767:20th-century American theologians
681:The Epistles to the Thessalonians
663:Protestant Preaching Through Lent
440:Neo-Evangelical Social Engagement
353:. Ockenga later assisted Graham,
297:Westminster Theological Seminary
171:Westminster Theological Seminary
23:
1837:University of Pittsburgh alumni
1832:University and college founders
371:Evangelical reformer and leader
700:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
696:——— (1962).
679:——— (1962).
670:——— (1959).
661:——— (1957).
648:——— (1956).
639:——— (1948).
630:——— (1947).
621:——— (1944).
612:——— (1942).
607:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
603:——— (1940).
598:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
594:——— (1938).
589:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
277:Princeton Theological Seminary
167:Princeton Theological Seminary
1:
822:(Chicago: Moody Press, 1968).
674:. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
665:. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
1777:American Evangelical writers
1528:Boston Theological Institute
698:Women Who Made Bible History
632:The Spirit of the Living God
408:, the Atonement, the bodily
16:American pastor and academic
1109:James William McClendon Jr.
930:Fuller Theological Seminary
616:. New York: Fleming Revell.
585:Ockenga, Harold J. (1937).
462:Fuller Theological Seminary
392:, biblical interpretation,
238:Fuller Theological Seminary
198:Fuller Theological Seminary
1858:
1787:American religious writers
587:These Religious Affections
548:Conwell School of Theology
376:Fundamentalist controversy
1772:20th-century evangelicals
1576:
605:Have You Met These Women?
449:Neo-Evangelical Education
1827:Taylor University alumni
1792:Christian fundamentalism
863:Stephen J. Nichols, ed.
777:Marsden, George (1987).
641:Faithful in Christ Jesus
614:Every One That Believeth
514:The Battle For the Bible
308:University of Pittsburgh
252:Early life and education
175:University of Pittsburgh
1797:Evangelical theologians
811:Joel A. Carpenter, ed.
672:Power Through Pentecost
596:Our Protestant Heritage
414:Second Advent of Christ
218:American Evangelicalism
144:Audrey (nee Williamson)
53:more precise citations.
1094:William Sanford La Sor
985:David Emmanuel Goatley
856:James DeForest Murch,
544:Gordon Divinity School
523:
410:resurrection of Christ
406:Virgin Birth of Christ
331:, Boston, MA in 1936.
1225:Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen
1013:Carl F. H. Henry
818:H. Crosby Englizian,
518:
324:Clarence E. Macartney
127:Evangelical Christian
1468:John Jefferson Davis
1417:Stephen Charles Mott
1049:Geoffrey W. Bromiley
806:Biographical sources
499:Norman Vincent Peale
1822:Seminary presidents
1817:People from Chicago
1387:Thomas David Gordon
1008:Everett F. Harrison
970:David Allan Hubbard
965:Edward John Carnell
656:. Westwood: Revell.
643:. New York: Revell.
634:. New York: Revell.
625:. New York: Revell.
512:In the foreword to
434:Edward John Carnell
214:Harold John Ockenga
85:Harold John Ockenga
1483:Gordon Hugenberger
1437:Haddon W. Robinson
1412:J. Ramsey Michaels
1392:Frank A. James III
1334:Haddon W. Robinson
1184:Charles Woodbridge
623:The Comfort of God
489:Christianity Today
390:biblical inerrancy
382:Neo-Evangelicalism
364:Christianity Today
343:Park Street Church
336:Arcturus Z. Conrad
329:Park Street Church
289:Robert Dick Wilson
226:Park Street Church
184:Neo-Evangelicalism
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1508:James Emery White
1488:Walter Kaiser Jr.
1422:William D. Mounce
1407:Andrew T. Lincoln
1329:James Emery White
1324:Walter Kaiser Jr.
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1205:Justin L. Barrett
1164:Neil Clark Warren
1129:Robert N. Schaper
1099:George Eldon Ladd
1059:Richard J. Foster
944:Charles E. Fuller
832:Garth M. Rosell,
825:Harold Lindsell,
797:978-0-8262-2042-4
652:The Church in God
478:Charles E. Fuller
293:Cornelius Van Til
285:J. Gresham Machen
266:Taylor University
244:, as well as the
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163:Taylor University
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1478:Dennis Hollinger
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1377:Elisabeth Elliot
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1339:Dennis Hollinger
1320:Robert C. Cooley
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1089:Charles H. Kraft
1084:Paul King Jewett
1044:David Augsburger
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849:George Marsden,
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422:Carl F. H. Henry
359:Carl F. H. Henry
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114:February 8, 1985
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560:Walter Martin
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552:J. Howard Pew
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62:
52:
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42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1580:
1442:Moisés Silva
1431:
1314:
1230:Kirsteen Kim
1179:Ralph Winter
1144:Glen Stassen
1124:J. Edwin Orr
1114:Joy J. Moore
1079:Paul Hiebert
975:Richard Mouw
959:
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556:Billy Graham
540:
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526:Later career
519:
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347:Billy Graham
340:
333:
317:
305:
301:Philadelphia
274:
262:East Frisian
255:
213:
212:
200:
189:Organization
165:
149:Denomination
116:(1985-02-08)
106:June 6, 1905
65:
56:
37:
1752:1985 deaths
1747:1905 births
1447:Elmer Smick
1174:John Wimber
733:(7): 20–22.
394:creationism
355:Nelson Bell
351:New England
133:Nationality
51:introducing
1741:Categories
1382:Gordon Fee
1308:Presidents
1240:Seyoon Kim
953:Presidents
764:References
746:(8): 6–13.
720:(6): 5–12.
507:California
470:California
412:, and the
320:New Jersey
102:1905-06-06
34:references
1671:Lundquist
1651:Armerding
1626:Zimmerman
1616:Petticord
1255:Amos Yong
1169:Mel White
398:evolution
341:In 1950,
303:in 1929.
194:Institute
159:Education
59:June 2010
1726:Anderson
1716:Anderson
1686:McIntyre
1676:Williams
1001:Founding
752:See also
740:Eternity
727:Eternity
714:Eternity
706:Articles
546:and the
503:Pasadena
466:Pasadena
136:American
123:Religion
91:Personal
1721:Haggard
1711:Mannoia
1701:Johnson
1586:Marston
1581:Ockenga
1521:Related
1461:Present
1348:Faculty
1193:Present
994:Faculty
937:Founder
689:7362341
474:Caltech
345:hosted
270:Indiana
258:Chicago
248:(NAE).
47:improve
1691:Hughes
1666:Bailey
1621:Mekeel
1611:Savage
1601:Fowler
1591:Decker
1355:Former
1032:Former
795:
687:
432:, and
230:Boston
141:Spouse
36:, but
1706:Argue
1696:White
1646:Olson
1641:Jones
1636:Gerig
1596:Paine
1317:(1st)
579:Books
574:Works
402:deity
1661:Toms
1656:Boyd
1631:Cook
1606:Rees
793:ISBN
685:OCLC
558:and
396:and
357:and
291:and
240:and
111:Died
96:Born
1681:Gay
464:in
299:in
228:in
1743::
742:.
729:.
716:.
554:,
505:,
468:,
436:.
428:,
424:,
287:,
272:.
232:,
1562:e
1555:t
1548:v
1293:e
1286:t
1279:v
922:e
915:t
908:v
744:5
731:3
718:3
691:.
104:)
100:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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