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487:, where excellence in scholarship would dovetail with faithfulness to orthodox Protestant beliefs, and yield a renovation of western culture from secular unbelief. The seminary would become a launching pad for a new generation of zealous evangelicals who would rigorously engage in critical dialogue with Liberal theology and modern secular thought, as well as cultivating skills in those who would propel mass evangelism and worldwide missions. The principal founding figures of Fuller Seminary included
349:, Ockenga was appointed his successor. He continued in that post until 1969. During his pastoral career at Park Street, Ockenga delivered many sermons that later formed the substance of various books he wrote. In all he wrote a dozen books dealing with biblical themes, and pastoral commentaries on biblical texts and bible characters. His congregation thrived during much of his pastorate as he exercised considerable talents as a preacher, evangelist, leader and organizer.
427:. The reaction of many Fundamentalists to the influence of liberal Protestant theology and modern secular beliefs led to a withdrawal from many of the mainline denominations and institutions. In addition, the Fundamentalists believed that anyone, regardless of religious outlook, could be involved with social action and so they wanted to retreat to deal only with the "Spiritual Gospel."
532:
the summons to social involvement received a hearty response from many
Evangelicals. ... It differed from fundamentalism in its repudiation of separatism and its determination to engage itself in the theological dialogue of the day. It had a new emphasis upon the application of the gospel to the sociological, political, and economic areas of life.
468:. Ockenga served as its founding president from 1942-1944. Those affiliated with the association were interested in maintaining many of the biblical concerns that militant fundamentalists held to. However they also sought to reform fundamentalism from what they perceived as its anti-cultural and anti-intellectual tendencies.
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Neo-evangelicalism was born in 1948 in connection with a convocation address which I gave in the Civic
Auditorium in Pasadena. While reaffirming the theological view of fundamentalism, this address repudiated its ecclesiology and its social theory. The ringing call for a repudiation of separatism and
545:
Those who differed with the conservatives held to a vision for progressive thought among evangelicals on theological, biblical and ethical issues. With
Ockenga's final departure from the role of president in absentia, the seminary shifted into a different phase of growth under the direction of those
580:
Ockenga died of cancer on Friday, February 8, 1985. At his funeral service on Monday, February 11, 1985, was an old friend: Billy Graham. "He was a giant among giants," Graham reflected. "Nobody outside of my family influenced me more than he did. I never made a major decision without first calling
494:
The seminary opened in
September 1947, and Ockenga was appointed seminary president. However, Ockenga was reluctant to relinquish his pastoral post and so much to the chagrin of his seminary colleagues he served as president in absentia from 1947 until 1954. He was succeeded by Edward John Carnell.
507:
for the presidency that year. They planned a meeting for the new
National Conference for Citizens for Religious Freedom the following month in Washington. Ockenga was one of the spokesmen for the group, whose initial gathering on September 7 was pilloried by the media as the "Peale Group," after
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magazine came to be known as Neo-Evangelicalism. A part of the movement was its opposition to Roman
Catholicism, a concern that Ockenga embraced. For example, he was one of the thirty or so leaders who met for a strategy session with Billy Graham in mid-August 1960 in Montreaux, Switzerland, to
455:
Towards the end of the Second World War, Ockenga founded War Relief and the War Relief
Commission (1944) to deal with the situation abroad. He believed that Neo-Evangelicalism would lack credibility if Christians did not meet the physical needs of those who desperately needed assistance and only
430:
However, Ockenga and some other younger and emerging figures inside those churches felt uncomfortable about the militant isolation from culture. Ockenga also believed that Jesus came to deal with the physical well-being in addition to the more serious spiritual well-being of the people he met.
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The first sixteen years of work at Fuller
Theological Seminary witnessed the development of two outlooks among staff and students: conservative and progressive evangelicalism. Among the conservatives, such as Ockenga, Henry, Lindsell and Smith, there was some concern that others such as David
275:. Harold Ockenga was baptized at Austin Presbyterian Church, and his mother later brought him to Olivet Methodist Episcopal Church of which he became a member at age eleven. As a teenager, he had a strong sense of God calling him to pastoral ministry. He began his undergraduate education at
552:
When
Ockenga retired from Park Street Church in 1969 he was appointed president of Gordon College and Divinity School. His desire was to recreate on the U.S. East Coast something of the essence of what had been planned for Fuller seminary. In the late 1960s, therefore, Ockenga entered into
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to become a pastoral assistant at the First
Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh. During 1931 both Machen and Macartney recommended Ockenga for the position of pastor at Point Breeze Presbyterian church, in Pittsburgh. Ockenga went to be the associate pastor at
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360:'s (first mid-century transcontinental) evangelistic crusade, which was regarded as highly successful. On the strength of that event, both Graham and Ockenga then conducted an evangelistic tour of
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to research on Marxism. He was awarded the PhD degree in 1939. During his studies at Pittsburgh he met Audrey Williamson, had a whirlwind courtship, and married in 1935.
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and Protestant Liberals or Modernists in the earlier part of the twentieth century. Much of the controversy centered on questions of the historicity of the Bible,
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In an effort to redress these concerns Ockenga and J. Elwin Wright of the New England Fellowship planned the establishing of a new organisation known as the
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This overall ferment for reform in fundamentalism, as exemplified in the establishing of the National Association of Evangelicals, Fuller Seminary and
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In addition to his pastoral career and writings, Ockenga became a significant leader in a mid-twentieth-century reforming movement known as
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Much of the history of these tensions between conservatives and progressives are discussed in George Marsden's history of the seminary.
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H. Larry Ingle, Nixon's First Cover-up: The Religious Life of a Quaker President, pp. 101-06 University of Missouri Press, 2015
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577:. Ockenga served as its president from 1970–79, with figures like Walter Martin sitting on the seminary's board.
878:(Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, 2005) - includes correspondence between Machen and Ockenga.
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Another indicator of the effort to reform fundamentalism is located in the efforts of the founding fathers of
247:. He was also a prolific author on biblical, theological, and devotional topics. Ockenga helped to found the
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The personal library and papers of Harold John Ockenga are archived at Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary.
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512:. The term may or may not have been originally coined by Ockenga, but in 1948 at the Civic Auditorium in
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Ockenga resumed his post as president in absentia from 1960 until 1963 following Carnell's resignation.
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as the only son of Angie and Herman Ockenga. Ockenga's father had German ancestry; the name Ockenga is
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Ockenga graduated from Westminster in 1930, after which he enrolled as a student in philosophy at the
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or the New Evangelicalism. Its roots are found in the theological controversy between Protestant
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The Surprising Work of God: Harold John Ockenga, Billy Graham, and the Rebirth of Evangelicalism
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Hubbard, Paul Jewett and Daniel Fuller held to a different view of biblical inerrancy.
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Cooperation without Compromise: A History of the National Association of Evangelicals
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736:——— (July 1952). "The Church's Standard of Moral Purity, part 2".
723:——— (June 1952). "The Church's Standard of Moral Purity, part 1".
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and asking his advice and counsel. I thank God for his friendship and his life."
227:(June 6, 1905 – February 8, 1985) was a leading figure of mid-20th-century
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The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith Since World War II
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J. Gresham Machen's the Gospel and the Modern World and Other Short Writings
749:——— (August 1954). "The World Challenge to the Churches".
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Two Reformers of Fundamentalism: Harold John Ockenga and Carl F. H. Henry
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by Harold Lindsell, Ockenga further defined the term neo-evangelicalism:
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but did not complete his theological studies there. In the midst of the "
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After graduating from Taylor in 1927, Ockenga enrolled as a student at
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Harold John Ockenga Institute at Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary
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Reforming Fundamentalism: Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism
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Reforming Fundamentalism: Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism
333:, at two Methodist churches. In 1931 he accepted an invitation from
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preached a spiritual Gospel. War Relief later became World Relief.
412:
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plan how the movement could best oppose the candidacy of Senator
378:. He served as chairman of the board of the magazine until 1981.
231:, part of the reform movement known as "Neo-Evangelicalism". A
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491:(radio evangelist), Ockenga, Carl Henry, and Harold Lindsell.
29:
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483:. The seminary was initially conceived of as the Evangelical
694:. Proclaiming the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker.
345:
In 1937, at the death of Park Street's longtime pastor,
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Presidents of the National Association of Evangelicals
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Web-page of Park Street Congregational Church, Boston
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minister, Ockenga served for many years as pastor of
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Short history of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
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855:Other relevant historical and biographical sources
838:Park Street Prophet: A Life of Harold John Ockenga
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508:its chairman, the champion of positive thinking,
267:Ockenga was born on June 6, 1905, and raised in
306:– who withdrew from Princeton to establish the
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831:Brimstone Corner: Park Street Church, Boston
1823:Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary faculty
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1008:
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871:(Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1956).
864:(Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1987).
431:Alongside of Ockenga were figures such as
372:in organizing the evangelical periodical,
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1813:Founders of American schools and colleges
1773:20th-century American non-fiction writers
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
792:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans.
553:negotiations to merge two institutions:
43:This article includes a list of general
1853:Westminster Theological Seminary alumni
780:
520:his speech gave birth to the movement.
329:Ockenga began his pastoral ministry in
561:. He collaborated with people such as
546:identified with progressive thinking.
847:(Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008).
826:(New York: Garland Publishing, 1988).
7:
466:National Association of Evangelicals
411:, and various doctrines such as the
292:fundamentalist-modernist controversy
257:National Association of Evangelicals
217:National Association of Evangelicals
1818:Fuller Theological Seminary faculty
1312:Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary
769:Evangelicalism in the United States
575:Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
253:Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
213:Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary
1768:20th-century American male writers
840:(Wheaton: Van Kampen Press, 1951).
279:, a then-Methodist institution in
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1793:American male non-fiction writers
1778:20th-century American theologians
692:The Epistles to the Thessalonians
674:Protestant Preaching Through Lent
451:Neo-Evangelical Social Engagement
364:. Ockenga later assisted Graham,
308:Westminster Theological Seminary
182:Westminster Theological Seminary
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1848:University of Pittsburgh alumni
1843:University and college founders
382:Evangelical reformer and leader
711:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
707:——— (1962).
690:——— (1962).
681:——— (1959).
672:——— (1957).
659:——— (1956).
650:——— (1948).
641:——— (1947).
632:——— (1944).
623:——— (1942).
618:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
614:——— (1940).
609:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
605:——— (1938).
600:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
288:Princeton Theological Seminary
178:Princeton Theological Seminary
1:
833:(Chicago: Moody Press, 1968).
685:. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
676:. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
1788:American Evangelical writers
1539:Boston Theological Institute
709:Women Who Made Bible History
643:The Spirit of the Living God
419:, the Atonement, the bodily
27:American pastor and academic
1120:James William McClendon Jr.
941:Fuller Theological Seminary
627:. New York: Fleming Revell.
596:Ockenga, Harold J. (1937).
473:Fuller Theological Seminary
403:, biblical interpretation,
249:Fuller Theological Seminary
209:Fuller Theological Seminary
1869:
1798:American religious writers
598:These Religious Affections
559:Conwell School of Theology
387:Fundamentalist controversy
1783:20th-century evangelicals
1587:
616:Have You Met These Women?
460:Neo-Evangelical Education
1838:Taylor University alumni
1803:Christian fundamentalism
874:Stephen J. Nichols, ed.
788:Marsden, George (1987).
652:Faithful in Christ Jesus
625:Every One That Believeth
525:The Battle For the Bible
319:University of Pittsburgh
263:Early life and education
186:University of Pittsburgh
1808:Evangelical theologians
822:Joel A. Carpenter, ed.
683:Power Through Pentecost
607:Our Protestant Heritage
425:Second Advent of Christ
229:American Evangelicalism
155:Audrey (nee Williamson)
64:more precise citations.
1105:William Sanford La Sor
996:David Emmanuel Goatley
867:James DeForest Murch,
555:Gordon Divinity School
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421:resurrection of Christ
417:Virgin Birth of Christ
342:, Boston, MA in 1936.
1236:Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen
1024:Carl F. H. Henry
829:H. Crosby Englizian,
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335:Clarence E. Macartney
138:Evangelical Christian
1479:John Jefferson Davis
1428:Stephen Charles Mott
1060:Geoffrey W. Bromiley
817:Biographical sources
510:Norman Vincent Peale
1833:Seminary presidents
1828:People from Chicago
1398:Thomas David Gordon
1019:Everett F. Harrison
981:David Allan Hubbard
976:Edward John Carnell
667:. Westwood: Revell.
654:. New York: Revell.
645:. New York: Revell.
636:. New York: Revell.
523:In the foreword to
445:Edward John Carnell
225:Harold John Ockenga
96:Harold John Ockenga
1494:Gordon Hugenberger
1448:Haddon W. Robinson
1423:J. Ramsey Michaels
1403:Frank A. James III
1345:Haddon W. Robinson
1195:Charles Woodbridge
634:The Comfort of God
500:Christianity Today
401:biblical inerrancy
393:Neo-Evangelicalism
375:Christianity Today
354:Park Street Church
347:Arcturus Z. Conrad
340:Park Street Church
300:Robert Dick Wilson
237:Park Street Church
195:Neo-Evangelicalism
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1499:Walter Kaiser Jr.
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1418:Andrew T. Lincoln
1340:James Emery White
1335:Walter Kaiser Jr.
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1216:Justin L. Barrett
1175:Neil Clark Warren
1140:Robert N. Schaper
1110:George Eldon Ladd
1070:Richard J. Foster
955:Charles E. Fuller
843:Garth M. Rosell,
836:Harold Lindsell,
808:978-0-8262-2042-4
663:The Church in God
489:Charles E. Fuller
304:Cornelius Van Til
296:J. Gresham Machen
277:Taylor University
255:, as well as the
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125:February 8, 1985
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164:Congregational
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129:(aged 79)
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584:
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572:
571:Walter Martin
568:
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563:J. Howard Pew
560:
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245:Massachusetts
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93:
84:
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73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1591:
1453:Moisés Silva
1442:
1325:
1241:Kirsteen Kim
1190:Ralph Winter
1155:Glen Stassen
1135:J. Edwin Orr
1125:Joy J. Moore
1090:Paul Hiebert
986:Richard Mouw
970:
882:
875:
868:
861:
844:
837:
830:
823:
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728:
724:
708:
691:
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615:
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579:
567:Billy Graham
551:
548:
544:
540:
537:Later career
530:
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454:
429:
390:
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358:Billy Graham
351:
344:
328:
316:
312:Philadelphia
285:
273:East Frisian
266:
224:
223:
211:
200:Organization
176:
160:Denomination
127:(1985-02-08)
117:June 6, 1905
76:
67:
48:
1763:1985 deaths
1758:1905 births
1458:Elmer Smick
1185:John Wimber
744:(7): 20–22.
405:creationism
366:Nelson Bell
362:New England
144:Nationality
62:introducing
1752:Categories
1393:Gordon Fee
1319:Presidents
1251:Seyoon Kim
964:Presidents
775:References
757:(8): 6–13.
731:(6): 5–12.
518:California
481:California
423:, and the
331:New Jersey
113:1905-06-06
45:references
1682:Lundquist
1662:Armerding
1637:Zimmerman
1627:Petticord
1266:Amos Yong
1180:Mel White
409:evolution
352:In 1950,
314:in 1929.
205:Institute
170:Education
70:June 2010
1737:Anderson
1727:Anderson
1697:McIntyre
1687:Williams
1012:Founding
763:See also
751:Eternity
738:Eternity
725:Eternity
717:Articles
557:and the
514:Pasadena
477:Pasadena
147:American
134:Religion
102:Personal
1732:Haggard
1722:Mannoia
1712:Johnson
1597:Marston
1592:Ockenga
1532:Related
1472:Present
1359:Faculty
1204:Present
1005:Faculty
948:Founder
700:7362341
485:Caltech
356:hosted
281:Indiana
269:Chicago
259:(NAE).
58:improve
18:Ockenga
1702:Hughes
1677:Bailey
1632:Mekeel
1622:Savage
1612:Fowler
1602:Decker
1366:Former
1043:Former
806:
698:
443:, and
241:Boston
152:Spouse
47:, but
1717:Argue
1707:White
1657:Olson
1652:Jones
1647:Gerig
1607:Paine
1328:(1st)
590:Books
585:Works
413:deity
1672:Toms
1667:Boyd
1642:Cook
1617:Rees
804:ISBN
696:OCLC
569:and
407:and
368:and
302:and
251:and
122:Died
107:Born
1692:Gay
475:in
310:in
239:in
1754::
753:.
740:.
727:.
565:,
516:,
479:,
447:.
439:,
435:,
298:,
283:.
243:,
1573:e
1566:t
1559:v
1304:e
1297:t
1290:v
933:e
926:t
919:v
755:5
742:3
729:3
702:.
115:)
111:(
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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