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fled to the monastery of Fulda. Charlemagne ordered the rebels to his court and
Hardrad submitted as justification for refusing allegiance was that he had never sworn allegiance. This is the first documented rebellion against Charlemagne. The emperor had the conspirators expelled and the goods and lands confiscated, with the blinding of rebel lords used as further punishment, suggesting a powerful response from Charlemagne. Evidence for Hardrad's actions are mentioned in a revised edition of the
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for the year 785. Almost no other first-hand sources reference
Hardrad directly, or suggest what his motivations or plans were for the revolt, with historians suggesting general aristocratic dissatisfaction with Charlemagne's rule as a potential motive, though this is based completely in conjecture,
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This view is regarded by many historians as poetic exaggeration. The background of the conspiracy is rather the introduction of the
Carolingian imperial order in Thuringia, with the form of marriage rather trifling. The emperor sent troops to Thuringia to ravage the possessions of the rebels, who
171:. Some members of the court called for a marriage by Thüringer customary law, but Charlemagne opted for a marriage under Frankish law. Accordingly, Hardrad conspired with numerous other Thuringian nobles against the emperor, as suggested by the
144:. Little is known about the life of Count Hardrad, even from contemporary Frankish sources. In 771, the Cartulary of Lorraine, Abbey Gorze, identified a deceased Hardrad, father of Ratard (Rothard of the Argengau, father of
148:), who could have been the father or grandfather of the younger Hardrad. It is the same with two other occurrences, one of which is in 746 in Echternach and the other in 721 in Prüm, in which
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125:. This conspiracy resulted in many nobles being killed and their property confiscated, leading to the laws concerning the subdued Saxons established in the
253:, Harper & Brothers, New York, 1880, reprinted by the University of Michigan Press in 1960 with a copyrighted foreword by Sidney Painter
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Hardrad was married to an unknown woman and they had a least two daughters, both unnamed, one of whom married the
Frankish count
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The uprising of 786 supported by
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223:"Fractured control: Charlemagne's response to dissent"
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260:, Penguin, 1969, page 90 and footnote 106
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