926:. With Vasudeva’s return and marriage to Rohinī and the birth of Baladeva, we revert to the more traditional epic material (31–32). Sarga 33 introduces Kamsa, the son of Ugrasena who had been abandoned at birth and grew up in the home of Vasudeva. Together with Vasudeva he overthrows Simharatha for Jarāsandha, thus winning the hand of Jarāsandha’s daughter, Jīvadyaśas. Hearing the story of his parentage Kamsa takes control of Mathurā and imprisons his father. He gives the hand of his sister Devakī to Vasudeva. One day Jīvadyaśas insults the ascetic Atimuktaka, who curses her, swearing that her husband and father will die at the hand of Devakī’s seventh son. After a short doctrinal discourse, including the previous birth stories of the future Tīrthankara Nemi, Devakī’s first six children are exchanged by the god Naigama for stillborns (34–35). The birth of the seventh child is announced by seven dreams, the standard narrative theme in the conception of a future Vāsudeva or Ardhacakravartin. Immediately after the birth Vasudeva and Baladeva interchange the baby boy with the daughter of the herdsman Nanda. The girl is disfigured by Kamsa, who thinks he can avoid death if she would be too ugly to get a husband. The boy, Krishna, grows up in the
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camp believe that his enemies have committed suicide and abandon the pursuit. Krishna enters the coastal city of Dvāravatī built by Kubera (41). Following the intrigues of Nārada, Krishna marries Rukminī, his second queen after
Satyabhāmā (42). The neighbouring king, Duryodhana, promises the hand of his firstborn daughter to Krishna's first son, born to either Rukminī or Satyabhāmā. Rukminī and Satyabhāmā give birth to a son simultaneously but Rukminī’s child, Pradyumna, is by chance recognized as the eldest. However, a god seeking vengeance for insults suffered in a previous life kidnaps the boy and abandons him in Meghakūta where he grows up in a Vidyādhara family. Rukminī is devastated but Nārada comforts her with the promise of her son’s return after sixteen years (43). Satyabhāmā’s son Bhānu grows up in the palace and Krishna marries six other women (44).
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Baladeva escape the burning city alive. On their way south to the
Pandavas Krishna rests under a tree while Baladeva goes to fetch some water. Jaratkumāra, Baladeva’s and Krishna's half-brother, who, in order to avoid killing Krishna as Nemi had predicted, had left Dvāravatī twelve years earlier to live in the forest as a hunter, mistakes Krishna's foot for a deer and shoots him. Krishna dies and is reborn in the third hell. Jaratkumāra goes to the Pāndavas to bring them the news of Dvāravatī’s downfall and Krishna’s demise (62). Baladeva cannot accept Krishna’s death and roams around carrying Krishna’s corpse with him. A god, his charioteer in a previous life, brings him to his senses, upon which he renounces the world (63).
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the attack on the Pāndavas' lives in the lacquer house from which the Pāndavas escape to live anonymously as hermits in the forest. After
Draupadī’s marriage to Arjuna – and to Arjuna alone – the Pāndavas give up their anonymity and return to Hāstinapura. After renewed conflict culminating in the game of dice and the subsequent exile, the Pāndavas spend eleven years in the forest and one year incognito at the court of Virāta. They return to Hāstinapura where they make every effort at peaceful coexistence but are forced to leave their home again to avoid war with their cousins. They head south and reach Dvāravatī where they each marry one of the Daśārhas’ daughters.
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around the park where he sees the crying animals lined up to be slaughtered for the wedding feast. He becomes filled with disgust for the world and decides to renounce. The gods come to honour him and take him to
Uttarakuru where he begins his meditation. Nemi attains kevala and roams the land to preach to his followers. In sarga 60 Nemi narrates the previous birth stories of Krishna’s wives. Devakī gives birth to another son, Gajakumāra, who, also on his wedding day, renounces the world. All the Daśārhas (except Vasudeva), Vasudeva’s wives (except Devakī and Rohinī), and Krishna’s daughters become mendicants.
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Yādava branch in Mathurā and introduces some of the characters known from their equivalents in the
Mahabharata: Andhakavrishni and his ten sons (Daśārhas) and two daughters, Kuntī and Mādrī, Bhojakavrishni and his sons Ugrasena, Mahāsena and Devasena, and Jarāsandha, the king of Rājagriha. Andhakavrishni renounces the world after which his eldest son Samudravijaya becomes king. The youngest of the Daśārhas, the handsome Vasudeva, leaves the palace to roam the world for one hundred years. From sarga 19 onwards, twelve chapters are devoted to his adventures, the
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is accompanying
Duryodhana’s daughter to Dvāravatī, where she will marry Satyabhāmā’s son Bhānu, and he steals the bride. Rukminī recognizes her son and Nārada introduces him to Krishna after which Pradyumna triumphantly enters Dvāravatī and marries Duryodhana’s daughter (47). Sarga 48 describes the anecdotes of Pradyumna and his half brother Śamba, who is always taunting Satyabhāmā’s younger son Subhānu. In total there are by then three and a half crores of princes in Dvāravatī.
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Dhātakīkhanda, where they subdue Padmanābha’s armies and are reunited with
Draupadī. On their return home the Pāndavas, by way of a prank, hide the ferry crossing the Gangā so that Krishna himself has to carry his chariot, charioteer and horses across the river. When he hears that the Pāndavas are responsible for this he angrily banishes them to Mathurā in the south and installs Parīksita, Subhadrā’s grandson, in Hāstinapura (54).
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Immediately after they leave the nun is devoured by a tiger. When the hunters return, all they find of their goddess are three fingers in a pool of blood. They misinterpret this as a sign that the goddess demands blood and from then on they engage in the practice of sacrificing buffaloes, hence the origin of the Durgā cult.
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Yādavas and their allies, including the Pāndavas, and Jarāsandha and his allies, among whom are the
Kauravas. The Pāndavas gain victory over the Kauravas, who all renounce the material world to go and live as ascetics. In the ultimate battle Krishna, the Vāsudeva, kills Jarāsandha, the Prativāsudeva, with his
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The Pāndavas install
Jaratkumāra as their successor and visit Nemi, from whom they hear about their previous lives (64). Sarga 65 describes the nirvāna of Nemi and the liberation of the main characters. The Hari lineage is continued by Jaratkumāra. In the final sarga the genealogy of the Hari dynasty
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Sarga 40 reverts to the story of
Krishna, with Jarāsandha’s next attack on the Yādavas. Following the instructions of an astrologer, Krishna decides to migrate to the west towards the ocean. The gods create an illusion of funeral pyres burning with the bodies of the Yādava armies, making Jarāsandha’s
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is named after a king, Hari, the first king of Campā, son of a Vidyādhara couple (14–15). Jinasena then briefly describes several generations of kings in the Hari dynasty, listing some of their extraordinary feats (16–17). The eighteenth sarga presents King Yadu in the Hari dynasty giving rise to the
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takes us back to Pradyumna, who has now grown up to accomplish many heroic feats, much to the envy of his foster mother and brothers. Following some conflicts and subsequent reconciliation Nārada takes him back to Dvāravatī to rejoin his biological family. On the way Pradyumna raids the caravan that
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to which the Tīrthankaras Shānti, Kunthu and Ara belonged. After that Shāntanu, Dhritarāshtra, Pāndu, and their children, the Kauravas and the Pāndavas are introduced. After Pāndu's death the kingdom is divided equally between the Pāndavas and the Kauravas. Rivalry between the cousins soon leads to
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One day Draupadī fails to recognize Nārada and forgets to greet him. Spiteful as ever, Nārada entices King Padmanābha of Dhātakīkhanda, a continent lying beyond Jambūdvīpa, to kidnap her. Krishna and the Pāndavas set out to rescue her. They cross the ocean of salt surrounding Jambūdvīpa and reach
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In sarga 50 Jarāsandha one day hears that the Yādavas are alive and prospering in Dvāravatī. He immediately sends a messenger with a declaration of war. The Yādavas accept it and both parties agree to meet in Kuruksetra after six months. The following two sargas describe the great war between the
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where he survives several attacks of Kamsa (35–36). Kamsa challenges the cowherds to a wrestling match in Mathurā. Krishna and Baladeva take part and triumph, with Krishna ultimately killing Kamsa. Krishna is reunited with his biological parents and Ugrasena is reinstalled as the king of Mathurā.
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Then Jinasena picks up the biography of Nemi and the story of how he became a Tīrthankara (55–59). Krishna noticed that his young nephew had grown up to a man of unequalled force and becomes worried for his own sovereignty. He also arranges for Nemi to marry. Just before the wedding Nemi wanders
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Questioned by Krishna, Nemi foretells Dvāravatī’s downfall (61). Twelve years later, as predicted, the city and all its inhabitants are burnt by a vengeful god, who, when in a former existence he was an ascetic named Dvīpāyana, was insulted by Dvāravatī’s drunken young princes. Only Krishna and
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Jinasena then inserts the story of Nanda’s daughter who was mutilated by Kamsa (49). She grows up and, disgusted with the world, becomes a nun in the Vindhyas. There she is noticed by some tribal hunters on their way to attack a group of merchants. The hunters pay homage to her as a goddess.
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is enumerated up to Jitaśatru, the monk about whom Shrenika had requested to hear the whole story. Shrenika then returns home and Mahāvīra attains nirvāõa. The Harivamśapurāna ends with an account of Mahāvīra’s lineage up to Caturmuni.
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As a long interlude Jinasena here inserts the account of the conception, birth and consecration of the Tīrthankara Nemi, son of Samudravijaya, the eldest of the Daśārhas and cousin of Krishna (37–39).
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In sarga 55 we are briefly told how Aniruddha, Pradyumna’s son, is kidnapped by the daughter of King Bāna. Aniruddha and his bride are rescued and brought back to Dvāravatī.
906:(8–10). This is followed by the stories of Bharata and Bāhubali, two sons of Rishabha, and founders of the Solar and the Lunar dynasty (11–12) respectively. In sarga 13 the
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Jarāsandha wants to avenge the death of Kamsa, his son-in-law, and sends his son Kālayavana and his brother Aparājita after the Yādavas, but to no avail.
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Sudarśana. After the war Krishna campaigns to conquer half of Bharata and triumphantly returns to Dvāravatī where he is crowned as Ardhacakravartin.
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One day the Pāndavas visit Dvāravatī. King Shrenika requests to hear their full story and Indrabhūti Gautama gives a condensed account of the
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True to the systematic requirements of a Jaina Purana, the first three chapters describe the narrative setting of Mahāvīra’s
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is accepted by both Digambara and Śvetāmbara as their texts, although Śvetāmbaras do not include it under canonical texts.
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proper begins, with a sketch of history up to the tenth Jina, Śītalanātha, during whose time the Hari dynasty arises.
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in 783 AD. It is divided into 66 cantos and contains 12,000 slokas. The book aims to narrate the life of
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as opposed to Hindu traditional accounts which suggests that she was married to all five
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A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
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story up to the great battle (45–46). It begins with a brief description of the
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in which the character of Prince Naravāhanadatta is replaced by Vasudeva.
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Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts
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narratives go far beyond what one might consider to be fitting for the
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This article is about the Jain text, for the Hindu text, see
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After this concise sketch of the Pāndavas' past history the
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1308:Sthananga Sutra
1284:Canonical Texts
1283:
1275:
1258:
1256:Jain literature
1253:
1219:
1197:
1192:
1177:
1172:
1157:
1152:
1130:
1125:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1027:Harivaṃśapurāṇa
1022:
995:
955:Harivamśapurāna
915:Harivamśapurāna
908:Harivamśapurāna
904:vidyādharavamśa
847:
798:Harivaṃśapurāṇa
789:
749:
742:
741:
707:
706:
697:
696:
664:
663:
654:
653:
629:
628:
619:
618:
544:
543:
541:Jain literature
532:
531:
514:
513:
504:
503:
442:
441:
432:
431:
422:Ṇamōkāra mantra
402:
401:
392:
391:
333:
332:
323:
322:
253:
252:
143:Harivaṃśapurāṇa
134:
123:
117:
114:
71:
69:
59:
47:
34:
28:
23:
22:
18:Harivamsapurana
15:
12:
11:
5:
3130:
3128:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3104:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2768:Southeast Asia
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:Organisations
2600:
2595:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2570:Jinendra Varni
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2540:Hermann Jacobi
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2474:Digambara monk
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2408:Uttaradhyayana
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2376:Namokar Mantra
2370:
2365:
2363:Shatkhandagama
2360:
2358:Pravachanasara
2355:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2169:Kashtha Sangha
2166:
2164:Balatkara Gana
2155:
2153:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2059:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2008:Jain cosmology
2005:
2004:
2003:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1930:Jainism topics
1923:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1868:Namokar Mantra
1865:
1860:
1855:
1853:Siribhoovalaya
1849:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1815:Dravyasamgraha
1812:
1807:
1802:
1800:Pravachanasara
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1769:Tiloya Panatti
1766:
1761:
1759:Sūryaprajñapti
1756:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1612:Namokar Mantra
1609:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1545:Candravedhyāka
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1502:Pindaniryukyti
1499:
1494:
1492:Uttaradhyayana
1489:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1390:Sūryaprajñapti
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1298:Ācārāṅga Sūtra
1294:
1292:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1199:Singh, Upinder
1195:
1190:
1175:
1170:
1155:
1150:
1128:
1123:
1107:, ed. (1993),
1105:Doniger, Wendy
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:, p. 241.
1080:
1068:
1056:
1054:, p. 239.
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
994:
991:
846:
843:
791:
790:
788:
787:
780:
773:
765:
762:
761:
760:
759:
744:
743:
740:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
708:
704:
703:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
665:
661:
660:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
646:
641:
636:
630:
626:
625:
624:
621:
620:
617:
616:
609:
606:Silappatikaram
602:
595:
588:
581:
574:
567:
560:
553:
545:
539:
538:
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:
524:
515:
511:
510:
509:
506:
505:
502:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
464:
459:
454:
449:
443:
439:
438:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
403:
399:
398:
397:
394:
393:
390:
389:
384:
378:
377:
371:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
344:
343:
334:
330:
329:
328:
325:
324:
321:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
254:
248:
247:
246:
243:
242:
241:
240:
235:
230:
225:
217:
216:
208:
207:
201:
200:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
145:
144:
136:
135:
50:
48:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3129:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3094:
3089:
3082:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:List of Jains
3005:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:Jain calendar
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2773:United States
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2707:Uttar Pradesh
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:Nalini Balbir
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2288:Vegetarianism
2286:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1885:
1879:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:Satkhandagama
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:Devendrastava
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Bhaktaparijñā
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:Daśavaikālika
1485:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:Upanga āgamas
1361:
1355:(now extinct)
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:Antakrddaasah
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:Sutrakritanga
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1191:81-7017-208-X
1187:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1171:81-224-1198-3
1167:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1124:0-7914-1381-0
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1078:, p. 79.
1077:
1072:
1069:
1066:, p. 26.
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
975:
971:
969:
963:
959:
956:
951:
948:
944:
939:
935:
932:
929:
925:
924:Vasudevahindi
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:ikshvākuvamśa
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
877:
876:Vasudevahindi
872:
868:
867:Pāndavacarita
864:
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440:Major figures
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417:Navkar Mantra
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118:November 2017
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79: –
78:
74:
73:Find sources:
67:
63:
57:
56:
51:This article
49:
45:
40:
39:
36:
33:
19:
2948:
2927:Samavasarana
2917:Śalākāpuruṣa
2525:John E. Cort
2436:Ashtamangala
2431:Siddhachakra
2368:Kasayapahuda
2335:Pratikramana
2243:Sthānakavāsī
2001:Anekāntavāda
1997:Jaina logic
1991:Kevala Jñāna
1986:Epistemology
1883:
1783:Dravyānuyoga
1722:Trivarnācāra
1694:Uttarapurana
1668:Kasayapahuda
1420:Puṣpacūlikāh
1375:Rājapraśnīya
1328:Upasakadasah
1270:
1264:
1203:
1180:
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1136:
1109:
1088:Doniger 1993
1083:
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1020:Bibliography
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727:Jain symbols
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466:
427:Jai Jinendra
400:Jain prayers
374:
340:
288:Kevala Jnana
258:Anekantavada
124:
115:
105:
98:
91:
84:
72:
60:Please help
55:verification
52:
35:
2869:Rashtrakuta
2786:Jainism and
2685:Maharashtra
2643:Bundelkhand
2530:Paul Dundas
2403:Kalpa Sūtra
2398:Aptamimamsa
2283:Monasticism
2214:Murtipujaka
2196:Kanji Panth
2176:Taran Panth
2159:Mula Sangha
2013:Siddhashila
1946:Tirthankara
1810:Aptamimamsa
1774:Lokavibhaga
1747:Karnánuyoga
1710:Carnānuyoga
1581:Nandī-sūtra
1574:Cūlikasūtra
1520:Catuhśarana
1471:Kalpa Sūtra
1461:Mahāniśītha
1425:Vrasnidaśāh
1405:Nirayārvalī
1348:Vipakasutra
943:Mahabharata
892:kevalajñāna
871:Mahabharata
815:Tirthankara
737:Topics list
662:Pilgrimages
613:Valayapathi
512:Major sects
499:Yashovijaya
303:Brahmacarya
148:Information
3112:Jain texts
3106:Categories
3048:Literature
2937:Samvatsari
2702:Tamil Nadu
2627:Jainism in
2446:Nandavarta
2393:Samayasāra
2345:Literature
2313:Kshamavani
2308:Paryushana
2271:Meditation
2266:Sallekhana
2206:Śvetāmbara
2127:Ratnatraya
2047:Gunasthana
1966:Philosophy
1829:Commentary
1820:Jnanarnava
1805:Samayasāra
1790:Niyamasara
1754:Gommatsāra
1689:Ādi purāṇa
1684:Mahapurana
1535:Samstāraka
1446:Brhatkalpa
1441:Ācāradaśāh
1434:Chedasūtra
1385:Prajñāpana
1370:Aupapatika
1281:Śvetāmbara
1034:References
881:Brhatkathā
873:; and (4)
863:Nemicarita
649:Samvatsari
644:Paryushana
527:Śvetāmbara
494:Haribhadra
484:Siddhasena
479:Kundakunda
387:Sallekhana
313:Gunasthana
308:Aparigraha
250:Philosophy
88:newspapers
2966:Sculpture
2902:Ekendriya
2763:Singapore
2748:Hong Kong
2728:Australia
2697:Rajasthan
2668:Karnataka
2580:Community
2565:Bal Patil
2520:Chandabai
2489:Pattavali
2441:Shrivatsa
2426:Jain flag
2303:Festivals
2259:Practices
2247:Terapanth
2234:Tristutik
2224:Kharatara
2186:Terapanth
2181:Bispanthi
2151:Digambara
1974:Five Vows
1951:Ganadhara
1717:Mulachara
1645:Digambara
1565:Vīrastava
1555:Ganividyā
1480:Mūlasūtra
1466:Jītakalpa
1451:Vyavahāra
1353:Drstivada
1265:Fourteen
1039:Citations
999:Neminatha
947:kuruvamśa
919:harivamśa
859:Harivamśa
855:Harivamśa
851:Harivamśa
827:Neminatha
811:Neminatha
722:Jain flag
712:Ekendriya
687:Shikharji
627:Festivals
522:Digambara
474:Ganadhara
263:Cosmology
32:Harivaṃśa
27:Jain text
3058:Scholars
3036:Navboxes
2895:Timeline
2844:Ikshvaku
2829:Chalukya
2798:Hinduism
2793:Buddhism
2758:Pakistan
2716:Overseas
2503:Scholars
2484:Kshullak
2467:Ascetics
2458:Swastika
2276:Sāmāyika
2191:Yapaniya
2142:Branches
1497:Āvaśyaka
1456:Nishitha
1415:Puṣpikāh
1291:Angāgama
1201:(2016),
1134:(2008),
1076:Sen 1999
1014:Jinasena
1009:Balarama
993:See also
845:Synopsis
839:Pandavas
831:Draupadi
807:Jinasena
677:Palitana
462:Mahavira
452:Rishabha
382:Sāmāyika
233:Timeline
197:a series
195:Part of
177:Sanskrit
173:Language
167:Jinasena
153:Religion
3068:America
3063:Temples
2912:Pratima
2890:History
2883:Related
2874:Santara
2854:Kalinga
2849:Kadamba
2839:Hoysala
2808:Sikhism
2733:Belgium
2663:Haryana
2658:Gujarat
2588:Śrāvaka
2494:Acharya
2418:Symbols
2372:Mantra
2325:Upadhan
2298:Rituals
2293:Fasting
2132:Kashaya
2122:Saṃsāra
2101:Nirjara
2096:Samvara
2067:Pudgala
1956:Arihant
1863:Jinvani
1098:Sources
1004:Krishna
823:Krishna
819:Jainism
804:Acharya
717:Temples
468:Arihant
318:Saṃsāra
228:History
205:Jainism
157:Jainism
102:scholar
3073:Bengal
2981:Nigoda
2956:Temple
2922:Tirtha
2864:Pandya
2859:Maurya
2743:Europe
2738:Canada
2723:Africa
2690:Mumbai
2680:Kerala
2479:Aryika
2219:Gaccha
2091:Bandha
2086:Asrava
2081:Tattva
2072:Dharma
2052:Dravya
2040:Causes
2018:Naraka
1979:Ahimsa
1846:Others
1655:Agamas
1595:Others
1267:Purvas
1215:
1188:
1168:
1148:
1121:
928:gokula
900:vidyās
835:Arjuna
682:Girnar
634:Diwali
457:Pārśva
331:Ethics
298:Tattva
293:Dravya
278:Dharma
268:Ahimsa
186:783 AD
183:Period
163:Author
104:
97:
90:
83:
75:
3000:Lists
2961:Stupa
2834:Ganga
2803:Islam
2753:Japan
2673:North
2648:Delhi
2635:India
2616:JAINA
2598:Tamil
2593:Sarak
2353:Agama
2330:Tapas
2117:Death
2108:Mokṣa
2062:Ajiva
2035:Types
2030:Karma
1647:Texts
968:cakra
705:Other
667:Tirth
283:Mokṣa
273:Karma
238:Index
223:Jains
109:JSTOR
95:books
3043:Gods
2229:Tapa
2057:Jīva
1938:Gods
1213:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1166:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1119:ISBN
917:the
81:news
2976:Law
2971:Art
2653:Goa
817:in
672:Abu
64:by
3108::
1882:†
1211:,
1207:,
1144:,
1140:,
1117:,
1113:,
841:.
199:on
1917:e
1910:t
1903:v
1729:†
1273:)
1248:e
1241:t
1234:v
784:e
777:t
770:v
131:)
125:(
120:)
116:(
106:·
99:·
92:·
85:·
58:.
20:)
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