136:
123:
1122:
Winans, M. C. 1989. A quantitative study of the North
American fossil species of the genus Equus. Pp. 262-297, in The evolution of perissodactyls (D. R. Prothero & R. M. Schoch, eds.), Oxford Monographs Geol. Geophysics, no. 15, 537
394:
from the Late
Pleistocene of Mexico also belonged to this species. The earliest species of the lineage appeared in North America during the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, around 2 to 3 Ma. It became extinct at the end of the
889:
Heintzman, P.D.; Zazula, G.D.; MacPhee, R.D.E; Scott, E.; Cahill, J.A.; McHorse, B.K.; Kapp, J.D.; Stiller, M.; Wooller, M.J.; Orlando, L.; Southon, J.; Froese, D.G.; Shapiro, B. (2017).
750:
was relatively small-sized, with two studies giving estimated body mass ranges of 167 to 251 kilograms (368 to 553 lb) and 175.5–278.4 kilograms (387–614 lb). The third
945:
Jiménez-Hidalgo, Eduardo; Carbot-Chanona, Gerardo; Guerrero-Arenas, Rosalía; Bravo-Cuevas, Victor Manuel; Holdridge, Genevieve Safi; Israde-Alcántara, Isabel (2019-10-18).
1179:
1132:
Hulbert, R. C. 1995. Equus from Leisey Shell Pit 1A and other
Irvingtonian localities from Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37:553—602.
1911:
1308:
1142:
Barrón-Ortiz, Christina I.; Avilla2, Leonardo S.; Jass, Christopher N.; Bravo-Cuevas, Víctor M.; Machado, Helena; Mothé, Dimila (12 September 2019).
1926:
1847:
1931:
1921:
1301:
1033:
Weinstock, Jaco; Willerslev, Eske; Sher, Andrei; Tong, Wenfei; Ho, Simon Y.W; Rubenstein, Dan; Storer, John; et al. (2005).
135:
1294:
1916:
400:
1286:
415:
1906:
362:
fossils have only been discovered in North
America. Specimens have been found from southern Mexico to southern
839:
1035:"Evolution, Systematics, and Phylogeography of Pleistocene Horses in the New World: A Molecular Perspective"
1901:
1800:
1873:
1860:
1173:
853:
238:
1700:
1838:
1262:
1707:
770:
1666:
1465:
1423:
1402:
1105:
1015:
263:
130:
1865:
1878:
1395:
1723:
1652:
1364:
1235:
1217:
1066:
1007:
968:
922:
778:
379:
1617:
1437:
1270:
1225:
1209:
1159:
1097:
1056:
1046:
999:
958:
912:
902:
814:
751:
396:
341:
1198:"Investigating the reliability of metapodials as taxonomic Indicators for Beringian horses"
331:
356:
limb bones, in contrast with those of contemporary "stout legged" caballine true horses.
1266:
990:
a Non-Stilt Legged Horse? Taxonomical
Implications For the Mexican Pleistocene Horses".
1659:
1610:
1603:
1476:
1358:
1255:"Resource partitioning among late Pleistocene herbivores of Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming"
1230:
1197:
1061:
1034:
917:
890:
187:
122:
1895:
1760:
1492:
1444:
1019:
630:
587:
492:
487:
327:
112:
64:
947:"Species Diversity and Paleoecology of Late Pleistocene Horses From Southern Mexico"
819:
1717:
1645:
1631:
1594:
1576:
1513:
1485:
803:"Contributions to the Knowledge of the Mammals of the Pleistocene of North America"
802:
469:
363:
1275:
1254:
1051:
1003:
1832:
1746:
1730:
1673:
1583:
1499:
1416:
848:
735:
Some other authors have argued that the species should be retained in the genus
674:
602:
514:
482:
375:
323:
39:
1213:
1774:
1753:
1548:
1541:
1527:
1520:
1506:
1458:
1430:
1409:
84:
49:
1823:
1221:
1011:
972:
1767:
1638:
1624:
1534:
1451:
1388:
1164:
1143:
963:
946:
781:
in
Wyoming suggest that the species regularly consumed abrasive vegetation.
545:
505:
147:
89:
33:
1239:
1070:
926:
1817:
1381:
1352:
1340:
774:
383:
167:
79:
74:
59:
54:
44:
907:
1852:
1559:
1318:
1109:
518:
367:
319:
312:
197:
108:
94:
69:
1740:
1684:
1346:
1334:
755:
655:
528:
371:
353:
177:
157:
1794:
1101:
1196:
Landry, Zoe; Roloson, Mathew J.; Fraser, Danielle (December 2022).
387:
315:
739:, due to its morphological similarity to members of that genus.
495:
analysis of DNA sequences, leading to erection of the new genus
1798:
1290:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
754:(metapodial) bones are slender and similar to those of
403:, along with most other large mammals in the Americas.
1084:
Dalquest, Walter W. (1979). "The Little Horses (Genus
433:, described from teeth in Mexico, a senior synonym of
891:"A new genus of horse from Pleistocene North America"
626:
568:
541:
1807:
1683:
1593:
1558:
1475:
1373:
1253:Spencer, Lillian M.; Scott, Eric (February 2023).
986:Jiménez-Hidalgo, E.; Díaz-Sibaja, R. (2020). "Was
513:around 4.1–5.7 million years ago, during the late
1148:? Reconciling Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Analyses"
807:Proceedings of the United States National Museum
348:. Members of the genus are often referred to as
509:. It is estimated to have diverged from modern
773:based diet, similar to living equines. Dental
1302:
834:
832:
830:
8:
1178:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
796:
794:
1795:
1568:
1564:
1309:
1295:
1287:
499:. The genus is phylogenetically closer to
485:containing all living member of the genus
121:
20:
1274:
1229:
1163:
1060:
1050:
962:
916:
906:
818:
399:, around 12,000 years ago as part of the
1088:) of the Pleistocene of North America".
790:
769:is thought to have had a predominantly
457:by Dalquest 1979) was synonymized with
418:. It was originally described as a new
1171:
426:, in 1915. Dalquest (1979) considered
1191:
1189:
461:by Hulbert (1995), who also declared
453:Hay and Cook, 1930 (synonymized with
270:
7:
1912:Prehistoric mammals of North America
940:
938:
936:
646:
619:
594:
561:
534:
524:
1152:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
951:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
14:
340:, initially described in 1915 by
352:, in reference to their slender
134:
1927:Pleistocene species extinctions
1090:The American Midland Naturalist
820:10.5479/si.00963801.48-2086.515
1202:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
449:by Winans (1989). The species
1:
1932:Fossil taxa described in 1915
1276:10.1016/j.quaint.2022.05.019
1052:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030241
1004:10.5710/amgh.06.01.2020.3262
334:, consisting of the species
777:analysis of specimens from
401:end-Pleistocene extinctions
1948:
1922:Pliocene first appearances
1214:10.1007/s10914-022-09626-4
1809:Haringtonhippus francisci
1571:
1567:
1329:
670:
651:
644:
624:
617:
599:
592:
566:
559:
539:
532:
416:Charles Richard Harington
390:A later study found that
269:
262:
251:Haringtonhippus francisci
244:
237:
131:Scientific classification
129:
120:
23:
1259:Quaternary International
16:Extinct genus of mammals
1324:, arranged by subfamily
1165:10.3389/fevo.2019.00343
964:10.3389/fevo.2019.00394
801:Hay, Oliver P. (1915).
445:were synonymized with
217:Heintzman et al., 2017
1874:Paleobiology Database
1861:Paleobiology Database
854:Paleobiology Database
382:, as well as eastern
477:A 2017 paper placed
1267:2023QuInt.647...88S
908:10.7554/eLife.29944
374:, at sites such as
350:stilt-legged horses
1917:Pleistocene horses
1317:Extinct genera of
1261:. 647–648: 88–93.
1889:
1888:
1801:Taxon identifiers
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1653:Proboscidipparion
1323:
988:Equus cedralensis
852:. Gateway to the
844:Hay 1915 (horse)"
813:(2086): 535–549.
779:Natural Trap Cave
732:
731:
723:
722:
714:
713:
705:
704:
696:
695:
687:
686:
392:Equus cedralensis
380:Natural Trap Cave
304:
303:
298:
295:Equus cedralensis
291:
284:
277:
230:H. francisci
218:
115:
29:Temporal range: ~
1939:
1882:
1881:
1869:
1868:
1856:
1855:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1796:
1701:Heteropliohippus
1618:Eurygnathohippus
1569:
1565:
1438:Propalaeotherium
1321:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1288:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1233:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1169:
1167:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1030:
1024:
1023:
983:
977:
976:
966:
942:
931:
930:
920:
910:
886:
865:
864:
862:
860:
836:
825:
824:
822:
798:
647:
628:
620:
595:
570:
562:
543:
535:
525:
432:
397:Late Pleistocene
342:Oliver Perry Hay
297:
290:
283:
275:
253:
249:
216:
209:
139:
138:
125:
107:
106:
36:
21:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1907:Pliocene horses
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1839:Equus francisci
1837:
1836:
1831:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1803:
1793:
1780:
1694:Haringtonhippus
1679:
1589:
1554:
1471:
1369:
1325:
1315:
1285:
1284:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1170:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1102:10.2307/2424920
1083:
1082:
1078:
1032:
1031:
1027:
985:
984:
980:
944:
943:
934:
888:
887:
868:
858:
856:
842:Equus francisci
838:
837:
828:
800:
799:
792:
787:
764:
745:
733:
724:
715:
706:
697:
688:
573:Haringtonhippus
497:Haringtonhippus
481:outside of the
479:Equus francisci
430:
414:is named after
412:Haringtonhippus
409:
360:Haringtonhippus
346:Equus francisci
308:Haringtonhippus
273:Equus francisci
258:
255:
247:
246:
233:
215:
212:Haringtonhippus
207:
133:
116:
105:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
31:
30:
27:
25:Haringtonhippus
17:
12:
11:
5:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1870:
1857:
1844:
1829:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1712:
1711:
1708:Parapliohippus
1704:
1697:
1689:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1660:Pseudhipparion
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1611:Cormohipparion
1607:
1604:Cremohipparion
1599:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1572:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1479:
1477:Anchitheriinae
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1365:Perissodactyla
1361:
1359:Laurasiatheria
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:(Horse family)
1316:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1245:
1208:(4): 863–875.
1185:
1134:
1125:
1115:
1096:(1): 241–244.
1076:
1025:
978:
932:
866:
826:
789:
788:
786:
783:
763:
760:
744:
741:
730:
729:
726:
725:
721:
720:
717:
716:
712:
711:
708:
707:
703:
702:
699:
698:
694:
693:
690:
689:
685:
684:
681:
680:
669:
666:
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662:
661:
650:
645:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
623:
618:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
598:
593:
591:
582:
581:
578:
577:
565:
560:
558:
555:
554:
551:
550:
538:
533:
531:
523:
408:
405:
302:
301:
300:
299:
292:
285:
278:
267:
266:
260:
259:
256:
242:
241:
235:
234:
226:
224:
220:
219:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
188:Perissodactyla
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
118:
117:
100:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
37:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1944:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Equus (genus)
1900:
1899:
1897:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1493:Archaeohippus
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1445:Protorohippus
1442:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:
979:
974:
970:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:
939:
937:
933:
928:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
867:
855:
851:
850:
845:
843:
835:
833:
831:
827:
821:
816:
812:
808:
804:
797:
795:
791:
784:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
761:
759:
757:
753:
749:
742:
740:
738:
728:
727:
719:
718:
710:
709:
701:
700:
692:
691:
683:
682:
679:
677:
676:
668:
667:
664:
663:
660:
658:
657:
649:
648:
642:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
632:
631:Equus ovodovi
622:
621:
615:
614:
611:
610:
607:
606:(wild horse)
605:
604:
597:
596:
590:
589:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
574:
564:
563:
557:
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
547:
537:
536:
530:
527:
526:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:
484:
480:
475:
473:
472:
468:
467:E. littoralis
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:Equus achates
448:
444:
440:
436:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
406:
404:
402:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:
333:
330:The genus is
329:
328:North America
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
309:
296:
293:
289:
286:
282:
281:Equus achates
279:
274:
271:
268:
265:
261:
254:
252:
243:
240:
239:Binomial name
236:
232:
231:
225:
222:
221:
214:
213:
206:
203:
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162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
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143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
124:
119:
114:
113:Rancholabrean
110:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
35:
32:3–0.011
26:
22:
19:
1808:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1729:
1722:
1718:Protohippina
1715:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1672:
1667:Shanxihippus
1665:
1658:
1651:
1646:Neohipparion
1644:
1637:
1632:Hippotherium
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:Hipparionini
1582:
1577:Acritohippus
1575:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1514:Kalobatippus
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1486:Anchitherium
1484:
1466:Xenicohippus
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1424:Heptaconodon
1422:
1415:
1408:
1403:Ghazijhippus
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1258:
1248:
1205:
1201:
1174:cite journal
1155:
1151:
1145:
1137:
1128:
1118:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1042:
1039:PLOS Biology
1038:
1028:
995:
991:
987:
981:
954:
950:
898:
894:
857:. Retrieved
847:
841:
810:
806:
767:H. francisci
766:
765:
748:H. francisci
747:
746:
736:
734:
673:
671:
654:
652:
629:
625:
601:
600:
586:
572:
571:
567:
544:
540:
510:
504:
500:
496:
493:phylogenetic
486:
478:
476:
471:nomina dubia
470:
466:
462:
459:E. francisci
458:
454:
450:
447:E. francisci
446:
443:E. arrelanoi
442:
439:Equus quinni
438:
435:E. francisci
434:
427:
424:E. francisci
423:
419:
411:
410:
391:
364:South Dakota
359:
358:
349:
345:
337:H. francisci
336:
335:
332:monospecific
307:
306:
305:
294:
288:Equus quinni
287:
280:
272:
250:
245:
229:
228:
211:
210:
24:
18:
1833:Wikispecies
1747:Astrohippus
1731:Protohippus
1674:Sivalhippus
1584:Merychippus
1500:Desmatippus
1417:Haplohippus
1374:Basal forms
1357:Superorder
1351:Infraclass
1045:(8): e241.
992:Ameghiniana
859:29 November
849:Fossilworks
743:Description
675:Hippotigris
603:Equus ferus
585:Genus
515:Hemphillian
491:based on a
483:crown group
376:Gypsum Cave
324:Pleistocene
1896:Categories
1775:Pliohippus
1754:Dinohippus
1549:Sinohippus
1542:Parahippus
1528:Mesohippus
1521:Megahippus
1507:Hypohippus
1459:Sifrhippus
1431:Pliolophus
1410:Eurohippus
998:(3): 284.
785:References
752:metatarsal
431:Owen, 1869
276:Hay, 1915
1768:Hippidion
1739:Subtribe
1716:Subtribe
1639:Nannippus
1625:Hipparion
1535:Miohippus
1452:Orohippus
1396:Erihippus
1389:Epihippus
1222:1064-7554
1144:"What Is
1020:213232576
1012:0002-7014
973:2296-701X
678:(zebras)
672:Subgenus
653:Subgenus
546:Hippidion
517:or early
506:Hippidion
428:Equus tau
422:species,
322:from the
257:Hay, 1915
223:Species:
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
1818:Wikidata
1724:Calippus
1382:Eohippus
1353:Eutheria
1347:Mammalia
1341:Chordata
1335:Animalia
1333:Kingdom
1240:36438779
1071:15974804
927:29182148
775:mesowear
659:(asses)
503:than to
437:, while
407:Taxonomy
384:Beringia
264:Synonyms
194:Family:
178:Mammalia
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
1853:4969209
1824:Q692464
1560:Equinae
1339:Phylum
1319:Equidae
1263:Bibcode
1231:9684255
1110:2424920
1062:1159165
957:: 394.
918:5705217
771:grazing
762:Ecology
519:Blancan
368:Alberta
366:and in
313:extinct
248:†
227:†
204:Genus:
198:Equidae
184:Order:
174:Class:
109:Blancan
101:↓
1866:363707
1741:Equina
1685:Equini
1363:Order
1345:Class
1238:
1228:
1220:
1108:
1069:
1059:
1018:
1010:
971:
925:
915:
656:Asinus
529:Equini
463:E. tau
455:E. tau
372:Canada
354:distal
320:equine
311:is an
1879:46270
1761:Equus
1146:Equus
1106:JSTOR
1086:Equus
1016:S2CID
895:eLife
756:asses
737:Equus
588:Equus
511:Equus
501:Equus
488:Equus
420:Equus
388:Yukon
316:genus
1848:GBIF
1236:PMID
1218:ISSN
1180:link
1067:PMID
1008:ISSN
969:ISSN
923:PMID
861:2017
465:and
441:and
378:and
40:PreꞒ
1271:doi
1226:PMC
1210:doi
1160:doi
1123:pp.
1098:doi
1094:101
1057:PMC
1047:doi
1000:doi
959:doi
913:PMC
903:doi
815:doi
386:in
344:as
326:of
318:of
111:to
1898::
1876::
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1850::
1835::
1820::
1744::
1721::
1269:.
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1234:.
1224:.
1216:.
1206:29
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1200:.
1188:^
1176:}}
1172:{{
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1092:.
1065:.
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1041:.
1037:.
1014:.
1006:.
996:57
994:.
967:.
953:.
949:.
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911:.
901:.
897:.
893:.
869:^
846:.
840:"†
829:^
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809:.
805:.
793:^
758:.
521:.
474:.
370:,
90:Pg
34:Ma
1310:e
1303:t
1296:v
1279:.
1273::
1265::
1242:.
1212::
1182:)
1168:.
1162::
1156:7
1112:.
1100::
1073:.
1049::
1043:3
1022:.
1002::
975:.
961::
955:7
929:.
905::
899:6
863:.
823:.
817::
627:†
569:†
542:†
208:†
95:N
85:K
80:J
75:T
70:P
65:C
60:D
55:S
50:O
45:Ꞓ
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