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1164:, said that no writer discussing Hopkins has identified any secrets disclosed or any decision in which he distorted American priorities to help communism. As Mark demonstrated, Hopkins was not pro-Soviet in his recommendations to Roosevelt; he was anti-German and pro-American. Any "secrets" disclosed were authorized. Mark says that at the time, any actions were taken specifically to help the American war effort and to prevent the Soviets from making a deal with Hitler.
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divisions. Whenever the Allies open a second front on the
Continent, it will be decidedly a secondary front to that of Russia; theirs will continue to be the main effort. Without Russia in the war, the Axis cannot be defeated in Europe, and the position of the United Nations becomes precarious. Similarly, Russia's post-war position in Europe will be a dominant one. With Germany crushed, there is no power in Europe to oppose her tremendous military forces.
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1188:. They had three sons: David, Robert, and Stephen, (they had lost an infant daughter to whooping cough) and though Gross divorced Hopkins in 1930 shortly before Hopkins became a public figure, the two kept up an intimate correspondence until 1945. In 1931, Hopkins married Barbara Duncan, who died of cancer six years later. They had one daughter, Diana (1932–2020). In 1942, Hopkins married Louise Gill Macy (1906–1963) in the
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935:, Hopkins rose to propose a toast: "I suppose you wish to know what I am going to say to President Roosevelt on my return. Well I am going to quote to you one verse from the Book of Ruth ... 'Whither thou goest, I will go and where thou lodgest I will lodge, thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God.'" Hopkins became the administrator of the
1088:. He often explained Roosevelt's plans to Stalin and other top Soviet officials to enlist Soviet support for American objectives, an endeavor that met with limited success. A particularly striking example of bad faith was Moscow's refusal to allow American naval experts to see the German experimental U-boat station at
1100:, saying that "Without Russia in the war, the Axis cannot be defeated in Europe, and the position of the United Nations becomes precarious. Similarly, Russia's post-war position in Europe will be a dominant one. With Germany crushed, there is no power in Europe to oppose her tremendous military forces."
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decryptions of Soviet cables. Hopkins may simply have been naĂŻve in his estimation of Soviet intentions. The historian Robert
Conquest wrote that "Hopkins seems just to have accepted an absurdly fallacious stereotype of Soviet motivation, without making any attempt whatever to think, or to study the
814:
FERA, the largest program from 1933 to 1935, involved giving money to localities to operate work relief projects to employ those on direct relief. CWA was similar but did not require workers to be on relief to receive a government-sponsored job. In less than four months, the CWA hired four million
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In War II Russia occupies a dominant position and is the decisive factor looking toward the defeat of the Axis in Europe. While in Sicily the forces of Great
Britain and the United States are being opposed by 2 German divisions, the Russian front is receiving attention of approximately 200 German
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captured on March 28, 1945, and thus to help the protection of the very convoys that carried Lend-Lease aid. In turn, Hopkins passed on Stalin's stated goals and needs to
Roosevelt. As the top American decision maker in Lend-Lease, he gave priority to supplying the Soviet Union, despite repeated
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The WPA, which followed the CWA, employed 8.5 million people in its seven-year history, working on 1.4 million projects, including the building or repair of 103 golf courses, 1,000 airports, 2,500 hospitals, 2,500 sports stadiums, 3,900 schools, 8,192 parks, 12,800 playgrounds, 124,031 bridges,
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and the minutes of the Soviet protocol committee, were declassified in the 1970s, long after opinions about Soviet espionage had hardened into dogma. These files are now open, and they confirm the veracity of nearly all of Jordan’s claims, except for his allegation that
Hopkins’s actions were
790:
In March 1933, Roosevelt summoned
Hopkins to Washington as federal relief administrator. Convinced that paid work was psychologically more valuable than cash handouts, Hopkins sought to continue and expand New York State's work relief programs, the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration. He
999:. He continued to live in the White House and saw the President more often than any other advisor. In mid-1943, Hopkins faced a barrage of criticism from Republicans and the press that he had abused his position for personal profit. One Representative asserted that British media tycoon
746:(TERA). Straus named Hopkins, then unknown to Roosevelt, as TERA's executive director. His efficient administration of the initial $ 20 million outlay to the agency gained Roosevelt's attention, and in 1932, he promoted Hopkins to the presidency of the agency. Hopkins and
968:. Hopkins promoted an aggressive war against Germany and successfully urged Roosevelt to use the Navy to protect convoys headed for Britain before the US had entered the war in December 1941. Roosevelt brought him along as advisor to his meetings with Churchill and Stalin at
841:
Before
Hopkins began to decline from his struggle with stomach cancer in the late 1930s, Roosevelt appeared to be training him as a possible successor. With the advent of World War II in Europe, however, Roosevelt ran again in 1940 and won an unprecedented third term.
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125,110 public buildings, and 651,087 miles (1,047,823 km) of highways and roads. The WPA operated on its own on selected projects in co-operation with local and state governments, but always with its own staff and budget. Hopkins started programs for youth (
870:," Roosevelt urged a tired Hopkins to stay for dinner and then the night in a second-floor White House bedroom. Hopkins would live out of the bedroom for the next three-and-a-half years. On December 7, 1941, at 1:40 pm, Hopkins was in the Oval Study, in the
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and the State
Charities Aid Association in running three health demonstrations in New York State. Hopkins became manager of the Bellevue-Yorkville health project and assistant director of the AICP. In mid-1924 he became executive director of the New York
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in
December 1949 that Hopkins passed nuclear secrets to the Soviets. Historians do not cite Jordan as credible since at the time Jordan claimed to have met with Hopkins in Washington regarding uranium shipments, Hopkins was in intensive care at the
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Hopkins had a major voice in policy for the vast $ 50 billion Lend-Lease program, especially regarding supplies, first for
Britain and then, upon the German invasion, the Soviets. He went to Moscow in July 1941 to make personal contact with
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had given Hopkins's wife, Louise, $ 500,000 worth of emeralds, which Louise denied. Newspapers ran stories detailing sumptuous dinners that Hopkins attended while he was making public calls for sacrifice. Hopkins briefly considered suing the
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931:. In January 1941, Roosevelt dispatched Hopkins to assess Britain's determination and situation. Churchill escorted the important visitor all over the United Kingdom. Before he returned, at a small dinner party in the North British Hotel,
606:, ran a harness shop (after an erratic career as a salesman, prospector, storekeeper, and bowling-alley operator), but his real passion was bowling, and he eventually returned to it as a business. Anna Hopkins, born in
1202:. The two continued to live at the White House at Roosevelt's request, though Louise eventually demanded a home of their own. Hopkins ended his long White House stay on December 21, 1943, moving with his wife to a
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including warships, warplanes and weaponry. Repayment was primarily in the form of Allied military action against the enemy, as well as leases on army and naval bases in Allied territory used by American forces.
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664:(AICP) as a "friendly visitor" and superintendent of the Employment Bureau within the AICP's Department of Family Welfare. During the 1915 recession, Hopkins and the AICP's William Matthews, with $ 5,000 from
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people, and during its five months of operation, the CWA built and repaired 200 swimming pools, 3,700 playgrounds, 40,000 schools, 250,000 miles (400,000 km) of road, and 12 million feet of sewer pipe.
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readily available evidence, or to seek the judgement of the knowledgeable. He conducted policy vis-a-vis Stalin with mere dogmatic confidence in his own (and his circle's) unshakeable sentiments."
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In the years after he resigned, Hopkins expressed pride in the WPA's key role in building internment camps for Japanese Americans. On March 19, 1942, for example, he lauded the then WPA head WPA,
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Hopkins was the top American official assigned to dealing with Soviet officials during World War II. He liaised with Soviet officials from the middle ranks to the very highest, including Stalin.
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1285:, concluded that "in light of all the available facts up to his death in 1946, it seems justifiable to speculate that he had non-tropical sprue or adult celiac disease (gluten enteropathy)."
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wrote, "the curative impact of Hopkins' increasingly crucial role in the war effort was to postpone the sentence of death the doctors had given him for five more years".
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Hopkins had three sons who served in the armed forces during the war: Robert, David and Stephen. Stephen was killed in action while he was serving in the Marine Corps.
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as director of Civilian Relief, Gulf Division. Eventually, the Gulf Division of the Red Cross merged with the Southwestern Division and Hopkins, headquartered now in
1230:, and a few months after the operation, doctors stated that he had only four weeks to live. At this point, Roosevelt brought in experts, who transfused Hopkins with
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objections from Republicans. As Soviet soldiers were bearing the brunt of the war, Hopkins felt that American aid to the Soviets would hasten the war's conclusion.
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567:
827:). Hopkins and Eleanor Roosevelt worked together to publicize and defend New Deal relief programs. He was concerned with rural areas but increasingly focused on
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program of military aid to the Allies and, as Roosevelt's personal envoy, played a pivotal role in shaping the alliance between the United States and the
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543:, and was considered a potential successor to the president until the late 1930s, when his health began to decline due to a long-running battle with
1296:. There is a house on the Grinnell College campus named after him and his childhood home, with a plaque, is located at Sixth Avenue and Elm Street.
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460:(August 17, 1890 – January 29, 1946) was an American statesman, public administrator, and presidential advisor. A trusted deputy to President
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695:, but, when war was declared in 1917, he supported it enthusiastically. He was rejected for the draft because of a bad eye. Hopkins moved to
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on January 29, 1946, at the age of 55. His body was cremated and his ashes interred in his former college town at the Hazelwood Cemetery in
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in Minnesota. In 1963, the FBI concluded that Jordan "either lied for publicity and profit or was delusional." According to historian
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in Lend Lease. Hopkins made Lend Lease decisions in terms of Roosevelt's broad foreign policy goals. He accompanied Churchill to the
811:, which also created jobs by contracting private construction firms, which did not require applicants to be unemployed or on relief.
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Although Hopkins's health was steadily declining, Roosevelt sent him on additional trips to Europe in 1945. Hopkins attended the
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The New Deal's War on the Bill of Rights: The Untold Story of FDR's Concentration Camps, Censorship, and Mass Surveillance
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and assisted the president in the management of American foreign policy, particularly toward the United Kingdom and the
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hired Hopkins as the agency's executive director. His successful leadership of the program earned the attention of then-
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Though his death has been attributed to his stomach cancer, some historians have suggested that it was the cumulative
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991:, which received Lend-Lease aid for its military and air force. Hopkins wielded more diplomatic power than the entire
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1597:. Stanford nuclear age series (Orig. printing ed.). Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. pp. 51-53.
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It is likely that any Soviets who spoke to Hopkins would have been routinely required to report the contact to the
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1654:"The Executive of the Presidents Soviet Protocol Committee (Burns) to the President's Special Assistant (Hopkins)"
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566:, recalled Hopkins in his memoirs as a "natural leader of men" with "a flaming soul." Hopkins attended the major
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672:, organized the Bronx Park Employment program, which was one of the first public employment programs in the US.
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803:(WPA). Over 90% of the people employed by the Hopkins programs were unemployed or on relief. He feuded with
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2155:
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1160:, thought that Hopkins was pro-Soviet, but others thought that he was not. Verne W. Newton, the author of
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sent Hopkins on one more mission to Moscow. Hopkins met with Stalin in late May to secure reassurances on
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In 1913, Hopkins married Ethel Gross (1886–1976), a Hungarian-Jewish immigrant active in New York City's
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Bremer, William W. "Along the 'American Way': The New Deal's Work Relief Programs for the Unemployed,"
2072:"Severe malnutrition in a public servant of the World War II era: the medical history of Harry Hopkins"
2246:. (1946). Highly detailed analysis and statistical summary of all New Deal relief programs; 900 pages
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Eduard Mark, "Venona's Source '19' and the 'Trident' Conference of May 1943: Diplomacy or Espionage?"
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Eduard Mark, "Venona's Source '19' and the 'Trident' Conference of May 1943: Diplomacy or Espionage?"
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1156:, the Soviet national security agency. Eduard Mark (1998) says that some Soviets, such as spymaster
838:, for the "building of those camps for War Department for the Japanese evacuees on the West Coast."
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As Roosevelt's closest confidant, Hopkins assumed a leading foreign policy role after the outset of
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Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941–1945
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authoritatively reported that Hopkins' postmortem examination showed the cause of death was
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related to his post-cancer digestive problems. Another suggestion is that Hopkins died from
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During the war years, Hopkins acted as Roosevelt's chief emissary to British Prime Minister
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1277:. James A. Halsted, a medical doctor, noted nutrition researcher, and the third husband of
511:. He accepted a position in New York City's Bureau of Child Welfare and worked for various
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The Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance 1937–1941: A Study on Competitive Cooperation
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586:(February 1945). His health continued to decline, and he died in 1946 at the age of 55.
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The Splendid and the Vile: The Sage of Churchill, Family, and Defiance During the Blitz
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874:, having lunch with President Roosevelt, when Roosevelt received the first report that
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882:. Initially, Hopkins was skeptical of the news until Chief of Naval Operations Adm.
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614:, where she married David. She was deeply religious and active in the affairs of the
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The American Dole: Unemployment Relief and the Welfare State in the Great Depression
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Unlikely Heroes: Franklin Roosevelt, His Four Lieutenants, and the World They Made
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magazine (January 22, 1945) as the Roosevelt administration began its fourth term.
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and soon after his graduation in 1912 took a job with Christodora House, a social
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The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler
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The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB
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The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler
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The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler
1124:(2021), “Many US lend-lease records, including the correspondence of Hopkins and
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In 1922, Hopkins returned to New York City, where the AICP was involved with the
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from 1938 to 1940 and as Roosevelt's chief foreign policy advisor and liaison to
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Harry Hopkins Index at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum
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1918:
Jewish First Wife, Divorced: The Correspondence of Ethel Gross and Harry Hopkins
1238:" phase of World War II ended in May 1940, the situation galvanized Hopkins; as
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707:, was appointed general manager in 1921. Hopkins helped draft a charter for the
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Roosevelt, who brought Hopkins into his federal administration after he won the
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17:
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Allen, R.G.D. "Mutual Aid between the U.S. and the British Empire, 1941–5", in
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Building New Deal Liberalism: The Political Economy of Public Works, 1933–1956
1947:
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called a few minutes later to confirm Pearl Harbor had in fact been attacked.
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660:. In the spring of 1913, he accepted a position from John A. Kingsbury of the
539:. Hopkins enjoyed close relationships with President Roosevelt and First Lady
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Hopkins, June. "The road not taken: Harry Hopkins and New Deal Work Relief."
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995:. Hopkins helped identify and sponsor numerous potential leaders, including
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Association. During his tenure, the agency grew enormously and absorbed the
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598:, the fourth child of four sons and one daughter of David Aldona and Anna (
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Aid to Russia, 1941-1946: Strategy, Diplomacy, the Origins of the Cold War
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in February 1945. He tried to resign after Roosevelt died, but President
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program, under which the United States gave to Britain and Soviet Union,
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began a long friendship, which strengthened his role in relief programs.
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Eds. Katie Louchheim and Frank Freidel. Harvard University Press, 1983.
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Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II,
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Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II,
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Klehr, Harvey; Haynes, John Earl. "Harry Hopkins and Soviet Espionage"
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church. Shortly after Harry was born, the family moved successively to
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Born in Iowa, Hopkins settled in New York City after he graduated from
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Civilian recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
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The Decision to Aid Russia, 1941: Foreign Policy and Domestic Politics
562:. He traveled frequently to the United Kingdom, whose prime minister,
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Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
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Another such victory: President Truman and the Cold War, 1945 - 1953
1403:(First ed.). Oakland: Independent Institute. pp. 182–183.
1943:"DIANA HALSTED Obituary (2021) – Vienna, DC – The Washington Post"
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Hopkins continued to be a target of attacks even after his death.
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960:. Hopkins recommended and Roosevelt accepted the inclusion of the
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Anglo-American Economic Collaboration in War and Peace, 1942–1949
862:
On May 10, 1940, after a long night and day spent discussing the
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Documents Talk: A Non-Definitive History, www.documentstalk.com/
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Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship
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which administered pensions to mothers with dependent children.
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Harry L. Hopkins and Anglo-American-Soviet Relations, 1941–1945
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Harry L. Hopkins and Anglo-American-Soviet Relations, 1941–1945
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Kimball, Warren F. "Franklin D. Roosevelt and World War II,"
27:
American New Deal administrator and WWII diplomat (1890–1946)
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A Changing of the Guard: Anglo-American Relations, 1941–1946
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Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932–1945
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WPA head Harry Hopkins speaking to reporters (November 1935)
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New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor
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Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy
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Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy
1222:. What remained of Hopkins's stomach struggled to digest
1763:
Christopher Andrew; Vasili Mitrokhin (August 29, 2000).
866:, Belgium, and Luxembourg that had ended the so-called "
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Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
1963:"How many weddings have been held at the White House?"
1492:"Pearl Harbor Day: How FDR Reacted on December 7 1941"
1790:
Klehr, Harvey; Haynes, John Earl (November 2, 2014).
1196:. Macy was a divorced, gregarious former editor for
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Franklin D. Roosevelt administration cabinet members
1218:, and doctors performed an extensive operation that
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527:Temporary Emergency Relief Administration chairman
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2505:(1948), memoir by senior FDR aide; Pulitzer Prize.
2475:Harry Hopkins: FDR's Envoy to Churchill and Stalin
2038:"DR. JAMES A. HALSTED, 78, A NUTRITION RESEARCHER"
1544:Harry Hopkins: FDR's Envoy to Churchill and Stalin
2271:The White House Papers Of Harry L. Hopkins Vol. I
1084:was Hopkins' counterpart with responsibility for
691:Hopkins at first opposed America's entrance into
896:'s portrait of Hopkins appeared on the cover of
2206:(2023); on Perkins, Ickes, Wallace and Hopkins.
1895:The Making of the New Deal: The Insiders Speak.
1269:due to hepatic iron accumulation from his many
519:organizations. He was elected president of the
484:Temporary Emergency Relief Administration, the
76:December 24, 1938 – September 18, 1940
3754:Deaths from stomach cancer in New York (state)
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1883:
711:(AASW) and was elected its president in 1923.
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2130:Vol. 62, No. 3 (Dec. 1975), pp. 636–652
1010:for libel after a story that compared him to
684:appointed Hopkins executive secretary of the
554:. From 1940 until 1943, Hopkins lived in the
468:relief programs before serving as the eighth
8:
3729:Works Progress Administration administrators
3396:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
2439:The Most Unsordid Act: Lend-Lease, 1939–1941
2219:McJimsey, George. "Hopkins, Harry Lloyd" in
1171:was the titular agent "19" mentioned in the
480:. During his career, Hopkins supervised the
1915:Allison Giffen; June Hopkins, eds. (2002).
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2157:Harry Hopkins: Sudden Hero, Brash Reformer
1214:In mid-1939, Hopkins was told that he had
235:November 8, 1933 – March 31, 1934
49:
38:
3789:People from Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
3502:National Bituminous Coal Conservation Act
2470:, A novel about Hopkins in London in 1941
2370:(2nd ed. 1995) standard scholarly survey
2107:West, Diana. "American Betrayal" =(2014)
2087:
1234:that halted his deterioration. When the "
1033:and to arrange concessions on the Soviet
1031:Soviet involvement in the Pacific theater
744:Temporary Emergency Relief Administration
2350:Journal of the Royal Statistical Society
1547:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 53.
594:Hopkins was born at 512 Tenth Street in
129:May 6, 1935 – December 24, 1938
3401:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
2588:December 24, 1938 – September 18, 1940
2462:, (Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2014),
2356:detailed statistical data on Lend Lease
1997:
1985:
1973:
1874:
1849:
1617:15 Stars, Stanley Weintraub, p. 234-235
1580:
1531:. New York: Penguin/Random House: 2020.
1515:
1477:
1444:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1304:
1167:It is currently considered likely that
1096:On August 10, 1943, he spoke about the
793:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
486:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
392: 1931; died 1937)
170:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
2385:U.S. Wartime Aid to Britain, 1940–1946
1668:from the original on August 21, 2018.
1109:House Un-American Activities Committee
709:American Association of Social Workers
602:Pickett) Hopkins. His father, born in
521:National Association of Social Workers
3714:United States secretaries of commerce
2633:United States Secretaries of Commerce
2336:American Council of Learned Societies
1751:Intelligence & National Security,
1722:Newton, Verne W. (October 28, 1990).
1710:Intelligence & National Security,
1018:, but he was dissuaded by Roosevelt.
878:via phone from Secretary of the Navy
7:
3724:People of the New Deal arts projects
3522:Rural Electrification Administration
3487:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
2190:Intelligence & National Security
2036:McGill, Douglas C. (March 6, 1984).
1961:The White House Historical Society.
1891:"Relief Programs and Harry Hopkins."
1792:"Harry Hopkins and Soviet Espionage"
1427:pp. 69, Random House, New York, NY.
854:News photo of Hopkins departing for
3477:Works Progress Administration (WPA)
2541:"Hopkins, Harry Lloyd (1890–1946),"
2265:(1948), memoir by senior FDR aide;
1460:p. 69, Random House, New York, NY.
1136:Harry Hopkins talks with President
470:United States secretary of commerce
182:May 12, 1933 – May 6, 1935
64:United States Secretary of Commerce
2222:American National Biography Online
1796:Intelligence and National Security
1541:Christopher D. O'Sullivan (2014).
908:Hopkins standing behind President
864:German invasion of the Netherlands
582:(November–December 1943), and the
25:
3759:Politicians from Sioux City, Iowa
3739:20th-century American politicians
3436:Public Works Administration (PWA)
3406:Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act
3366:Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
2641:Secretaries of Commerce and Labor
2199:, R. E. Burdick Publishers (1974)
2180:The WPA and Federal Relief Policy
1753:Apr 1998, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p 1–31
1712:April 1998, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p 20
1387:The WPA and Federal Relief Policy
3461:Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
3426:National Recovery Administration
3416:National Industrial Recovery Act
2978:
2672:
2330:Dictionary of American Biography
2026:, 2001 revised edition, page 889
1838:Reflections on a Ravaged Century
1724:"A Soviet Agent? Harry Hopkins?"
1628:Reflections on a Ravaged Century
1490:Peter Grier (December 7, 2010).
783:FDR and Hopkins (September 1938)
776:
762:
568:conferences of the Allied powers
366:
3532:United States Housing Authority
2531:Works by or about Harry Hopkins
2477:. (Rowman and Littlefield 2014)
1921:. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
1098:USSR's decisive role in the war
823:) and for artists and writers (
807:, who ran a rival program, the
610:, had moved at an early age to
409:
389:
362:
3507:National Labor Relations Board
3497:Judicial Procedures Reform Act
2446:Presidential Studies Quarterly
2197:Harry Hopkins and the New Deal
2138:Presidential Studies Quarterly
1014:, the famous courtier of Tsar
916:aboard the British battleship
876:Pearl Harbor had been attacked
829:cities in the Great Depression
32:Harry Hopkins (disambiguation)
1:
3719:Works Progress Administration
3653:Works Progress Administration
3431:National Youth Administration
2363:. (1982), British perspective
821:National Youth Administration
801:Works Progress Administration
680:In 1915, New York City Mayor
676:Social and public health work
494:Works Progress Administration
117:Works Progress Administration
3492:Farm Security Administration
2352:no. 109 #3, 1946. pp 243–77
2317:Williams, Edward Ainsworth.
1808:10.1080/02684527.2014.913403
1769:. Basic Books. p. 106.
3441:Public Works of Art Project
3361:Agricultural Adjustment Act
2497:author webcast presentation
2192:(Nov 2014) 29#6 pp 864–879.
2127:Journal of American History
1048:Relations with Soviet Union
987:He was a firm supporter of
912:and British Prime Minister
809:Public Works Administration
738:department store president
730:In 1931, New York Governor
3810:
3779:New York (state) Democrats
3662:Federal Project Number One
3482:Federal Project Number One
3391:Farm Credit Administration
3386:Homeowners Refinancing Act
3371:Civil Works Administration
2976:
2577:U.S. Secretary of Commerce
2473:O'Sullivan, Christopher.
2429:November 19, 2008, at the
2314:(2007) scholarly biography
2290:September 6, 2008, at the
2269:; published in England as
2240:Relief and Social Security
2147:February 19, 2008, at the
2119:Harry Hopkins: A Biography
2070:Halsted, James A. (1975).
1593:Offner, Arnold A. (2002).
1220:removed 75% of his stomach
797:Civil Works Administration
725:New York Heart Association
666:Elizabeth Milbank Anderson
630:. They spent two years in
537:1932 presidential election
490:Civil Works Administration
223:Civil Works Administration
29:
3693:Historical Records Survey
3668:
3659:
3601:
3517:Rural Electrification Act
3169:Secretary of the Interior
3014:Secretary of the Treasury
2670:
2590:
2574:
2566:
2561:
2332:, Supplement 4: 1946–1950
2244:The Brookings Institution
1496:Christian Science Monitor
1138:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
462:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
443:
273:
228:
175:
122:
69:
57:
48:
3688:Federal Writers' Project
3537:Fair Labor Standards Act
3188:Secretary of Agriculture
2515:Woods, Randall Bennett.
2508:Tuttle, Dwight William.
2448:Vol. 34#1 (2004) pp 83+.
2275:online vol 1 to Jan 1942
1399:Beito, David T. (2023).
699:where he worked for the
612:Vermillion, South Dakota
3784:People in public health
3769:Grinnell College alumni
3683:Federal Theatre Project
3451:Railroad Retirement Act
3330:American Liberty League
2683:Secretaries of Commerce
2493:excerpt and text search
2327:"Harry Lloyd Hopkins".
1662:Office of the Historian
1567:Dwight William Tuttle,
686:Bureau of Child Welfare
634:and finally settled in
2546:June 23, 2013, at the
2539:Svetlana Chervonnaya,
2460:Sleep in Peace Tonight
2451:Louis, William Roger.
2418:Herring Jr. George C.
2319:Federal Aid for Relief
2154:Hopkins, June (1999).
1283:Anna Roosevelt Halsted
1149:
1144:before setting out to
1077:
1076:in Iran, December 1943
924:
901:
884:Harold Rainsford Stark
859:
3678:Federal Music Project
3553:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3446:Reciprocal Tariff Act
3351:Emergency Banking Act
3213:Secretary of Commerce
3132:Secretary of the Navy
3078:Homer Stille Cummings
3003:Edward Stettinius Jr.
2940:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2583:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2503:Roosevelt and Hopkins
2392:Goodwin, Doris Kearns
2359:Clarke, Sir Richard.
2273:(1948) to Jan 1942;
2263:Roosevelt and Hopkins
2253:June 4, 2011, at the
2024:Roosevelt and Hopkins
2013:, 2013, pages 404–405
1840:, Norton, 2001, p 151
1658:www.history.state.gov
1630:, Norton, 2001, p 150
1279:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1162:FDR and the Holocaust
1135:
1120:, in his recent book
1055:
1016:Nicholas II of Russia
910:Franklin D. Roosevelt
907:
892:
853:
732:Franklin D. Roosevelt
716:Milbank Memorial Fund
670:Milbank Memorial Fund
578:(November 1943), the
572:Casablanca Conference
244:Franklin D. Roosevelt
221:Administrator of the
191:Franklin D. Roosevelt
168:Administrator of the
162:Francis C. Harrington
138:Franklin D. Roosevelt
115:Administrator of the
85:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3573:Henry Morgenthau Jr.
3421:National Housing Act
3381:Executive Order 6102
3053:Harry Hines Woodring
3028:Henry Morgenthau Jr.
2501:Sherwood, Robert E.
2402:Simon & Schuster
2296:Smith, Jason Scott.
2117:Adams, Henry Hitch.
2022:Robert E. Sherwood,
1889:Arthur Goldschmidt.
1359:George T. McJimsey,
1240:Doris Kearns Goodwin
1186:Progressive movement
1126:Edward Stettinius Jr
997:Dwight D. Eisenhower
825:Federal One Programs
742:as president of the
620:Council Bluffs, Iowa
574:(January 1943), the
365: 1913;
287:Harold Lloyd Hopkins
256:Position established
203:Position established
150:Position established
30:For other uses, see
3673:Federal Art Project
2376:Dawson, Raymond H.
2260:Sherwood, Robert E.
2228:McJimsey George T.
1988:, p. 459, 480.
1314:, p. 61, 67–9.
1105:George Racey Jordan
1035:sphere of influence
966:Atlantic Conference
894:Ernest Hamlin Baker
682:John Purroy Mitchel
464:, Hopkins directed
3764:American diplomats
3411:Glass–Steagall Act
3376:Communications Act
3320:New Deal Coalition
3250:Secretary of Labor
3107:Postmaster General
2989:Secretary of State
2562:Political offices
2458:MacManus, James.
2436:Kimball, Warren F.
2304:Smith, Jean Edward
2232:(1987), biography.
2202:Leebaert, Derek.
2178:Howard, Donald S.
2162:Palgrave Macmillan
2042:The New York Times
1852:, p. 144–145.
1729:The New York Times
1385:Donald S. Howard,
1338:, pp. 139–41.
1271:blood transfusions
1150:
1078:
1066:Vyacheslav Molotov
1062:Kliment Voroshilov
925:
923:on August 10, 1941
902:
860:
701:American Red Cross
628:Hastings, Nebraska
523:in 1923. In 1931,
268:Position abolished
215:Position abolished
3701:
3700:
3619:
3618:
3308:Causes and legacy
3267:
3266:
3202:Claude R. Wickard
3140:Claude A. Swanson
3090:Robert H. Jackson
3022:William H. Woodin
2957:John Nance Garner
2899:
2898:
2600:
2599:
2591:Succeeded by
2585:
2480:Reynolds, David.
2279:Singleton, Jeff.
2195:Kurzman, Paul A.
2011:The Hopkins Touch
2000:, pp. 31–32.
1976:, p. 349–50.
1863:The Hopkins Touch
1836:Robert Conquest,
1776:978-0-465-00312-9
1626:Robert Conquest,
1604:978-0-8047-4774-5
1583:, p. 458–59.
1518:, p. 212–13.
1466:978-1-4000-6964-4
1433:978-1-4000-6964-4
1348:Jean Edward Smith
1107:testified to the
1074:Tehran Conference
929:Winston Churchill
914:Winston Churchill
748:Eleanor Roosevelt
641:Hopkins attended
608:Hamilton, Ontario
580:Tehran Conference
564:Winston Churchill
541:Eleanor Roosevelt
533:New York Governor
447:
446:
16:(Redirected from
3801:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3623:
3593:Robert F. Wagner
3588:Francis Townsend
3315:Great Depression
3294:
3287:
3280:
3271:
3239:Henry A. Wallace
3196:Henry A. Wallace
3070:Attorney General
3059:Henry L. Stimson
3039:Secretary of War
2982:
2981:
2963:Henry A. Wallace
2926:
2919:
2912:
2903:
2676:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2603:
2580:
2567:Preceded by
2559:
2535:Internet Archive
2415:
2397:No Ordinary Time
2383:Dobson, Alan P.
2366:Dallek, Robert.
2175:
2140:29, 2(306–316).
2102:
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2014:
2007:
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1309:
1288:Hopkins died in
1275:iron supplements
1210:Cancer and death
1190:Yellow Oval Room
1023:Yalta Conference
1012:Grigory Rasputin
1001:Lord Beaverbrook
993:State Department
980:in 1942–43, and
836:Howard O. Hunter
780:
766:
647:settlement house
643:Grinnell College
596:Sioux City, Iowa
584:Yalta Conference
576:Cairo Conference
570:, including the
509:Grinnell College
433:Grinnell College
413:
411:
402:Louise Gill Macy
393:
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314:January 29, 1946
296:
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278:Personal details
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53:
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18:Harry L. Hopkins
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3615:
3597:
3563:Frances Perkins
3558:Harold L. Ickes
3541:
3527:Social Security
3470:Second New Deal
3465:
3339:
3303:
3298:
3268:
3263:
3258:Frances Perkins
3244:
3221:Daniel C. Roper
3207:
3182:
3177:Harold L. Ickes
3163:
3158:James Forrestal
3126:
3121:Frank C. Walker
3101:
3064:
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2983:
2979:
2974:
2969:Harry S. Truman
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2895:
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2579:
2572:
2570:Daniel C. Roper
2548:Wayback Machine
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2431:Wayback Machine
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2292:Wayback Machine
2255:Wayback Machine
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2149:Wayback Machine
2113:
2111:Further reading
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2017:
2009:David L. Roll,
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1199:Harper's Bazaar
1182:
1169:Laurence Duggan
1158:Iskhak Akhmerov
1082:Anastas Mikoyan
1070:George Marshall
1050:
1027:Harry S. Truman
1007:Chicago Tribune
947:food, oil, and
920:Prince of Wales
858:in January 1941
848:
799:(CWA), and the
791:supervised the
788:
787:
786:
785:
784:
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772:
771:
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767:
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655:Lower East Side
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476:leaders during
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2233:
2226:
2217:
2209:Meacham, Jon.
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2184:online edition
2176:
2170:
2151:
2142:online edition
2134:
2122:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2062:
2028:
2015:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1934:
1928:978-0739105023
1927:
1907:
1903:978-0674543461
1879:
1877:, p. 147.
1867:
1854:
1842:
1829:
1802:(6): 864–879.
1782:
1775:
1755:
1742:
1714:
1701:
1688:
1675:
1645:
1632:
1619:
1610:
1603:
1585:
1573:
1560:
1553:
1533:
1527:Larson, Erik.
1520:
1508:
1482:
1470:
1449:
1447:, p. 107.
1437:
1416:
1410:978-1598133561
1409:
1391:
1378:
1365:
1352:
1340:
1328:
1326:, p. 128.
1316:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1294:Grinnell, Iowa
1216:stomach cancer
1211:
1208:
1181:
1178:
1173:Venona Project
1049:
1046:
1039:postwar Poland
945:Allied nations
847:
844:
782:
775:
774:
773:
768:
761:
760:
759:
758:
757:
755:
752:
677:
674:
636:Grinnell, Iowa
591:
588:
545:stomach cancer
502:United Kingdom
445:
444:
441:
440:
430:
426:
425:
422:
418:
417:
405:
401:
400:
399:
398:
385:
381:
379:Barbara Duncan
378:
377:
376:
375:
358:
354:
351:
350:
349:
348:
345:
343:
339:
338:
333:
329:
328:
318:(aged 55)
312:
308:
307:
286:
284:
280:
279:
275:
274:
271:
270:
265:
259:
258:
253:
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
226:
225:
218:
217:
212:
206:
205:
200:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
173:
172:
165:
164:
159:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
120:
119:
112:
111:
109:Jesse H. Jones
106:
100:
99:
94:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
67:
66:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3806:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3642:
3640:
3635:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:Harry Hopkins
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3227:Harry Hopkins
3225:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2571:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2468:9781250051974
2465:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2411:9780684804484
2407:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2387:London, 1986.
2386:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2236:Meriam, Lewis
2234:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2171:9780312212063
2167:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2082:(23): 23–32.
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1699:(2021) p 534.
1698:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1571:(1983) p. 160
1570:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1554:9781442222229
1550:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1483:
1480:, p. 37.
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1376:(1987) ch 5–7
1375:
1374:Harry Hopkins
1369:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:New York City
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:hemosiderosis
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:liver failure
1248:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:Personal life
1179:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:Sean McMeekin
1115:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:Joseph Stalin
1056:Hopkins with
1054:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
958:Joseph Stalin
953:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
922:
921:
915:
911:
906:
899:
895:
891:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
857:
852:
845:
843:
839:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
816:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
779:
765:
753:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
675:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
656:
652:
651:New York City
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:Bangor, Maine
601:
597:
589:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:public health
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
442:
438:
434:
431:
427:
423:
419:
397:
396:
374:
373:
347:
346:
344:
340:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:New York City
313:
309:
305:
301:
285:
281:
276:
272:
269:
266:
260:
257:
254:
248:
245:
242:
238:
232:
227:
224:
219:
216:
213:
207:
204:
201:
195:
192:
189:
185:
179:
174:
171:
166:
163:
160:
154:
151:
148:
142:
139:
136:
132:
126:
121:
118:
113:
110:
107:
101:
98:
95:
89:
86:
83:
79:
73:
68:
65:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:Harry Hopkins
40:
37:
33:
19:
3567:
3226:
3115:James Farley
3084:Frank Murphy
2997:Cordell Hull
2725:
2575:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2419:
2396:
2384:
2377:
2367:
2360:
2349:
2343:World War II
2328:
2318:
2312:Random House
2307:
2297:
2280:
2270:
2262:
2239:
2229:
2221:
2214:Random House
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2179:
2156:
2137:
2125:
2118:
2106:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2053:. Retrieved
2041:
2031:
2023:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1998:Goodwin 1994
1993:
1986:Goodwin 1994
1981:
1974:Goodwin 1994
1969:
1957:
1946:
1937:
1917:
1910:
1894:
1875:Hopkins 1999
1870:
1862:
1857:
1850:Hopkins 1999
1845:
1837:
1832:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1727:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1697:Stalin's War
1696:
1691:
1686:(2012) p 399
1683:
1682:David Roll,
1678:
1669:
1657:
1648:
1640:
1639:David Roll,
1635:
1627:
1622:
1613:
1594:
1588:
1581:Goodwin 1994
1576:
1568:
1563:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1516:Goodwin 1994
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:
1485:
1478:Goodwin 1994
1473:
1457:
1452:
1445:Goodwin 1994
1440:
1424:
1419:
1400:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1355:
1343:
1336:Hopkins 1999
1331:
1324:Hopkins 1999
1319:
1312:Hopkins 1999
1307:
1287:
1281:'s daughter
1247:malnutrition
1244:
1232:blood plasma
1213:
1197:
1183:
1166:
1161:
1151:
1122:Stalin’s War
1121:
1102:
1095:
1079:
1043:
1020:
1005:
986:
954:
943:, and other
926:
919:
897:
861:
846:World War II
840:
833:
817:
813:
805:Harold Ickes
795:(FERA), the
789:
740:Jesse Straus
736:R. H. Macy's
729:
721:Tuberculosis
713:
690:
679:
640:
599:
593:
560:Soviet Union
552:World War II
549:
506:
478:World War II
457:
453:
450:Harold Lloyd
449:
448:
316:(1946-01-29)
267:
263:Succeeded by
255:
230:
214:
210:Succeeded by
202:
177:
157:Succeeded by
149:
124:
104:Succeeded by
71:
36:
3749:1946 deaths
3744:1890 births
3546:Individuals
3356:Economy Act
3325:Brain Trust
3260:(1933–1945)
3235:(1940–1945)
3229:(1938–1940)
3223:(1933–1938)
3204:(1940–1945)
3198:(1933–1940)
3179:(1933–1945)
3160:(1944–1945)
3154:(1940–1944)
3148:(1939–1940)
3142:(1933–1939)
3123:(1940–1945)
3117:(1933–1940)
3098:(1941–1945)
3092:(1940–1941)
3086:(1939–1940)
3080:(1933–1939)
3061:(1940–1945)
3055:(1936–1940)
3049:(1933–1936)
3047:George Dern
3030:(1934–1945)
3005:(1944–1945)
2999:(1933–1944)
2965:(1941–1945)
2959:(1933–1941)
2942:(1933–1945)
1643:(2012) ch 6
1501:December 7,
1206:townhouse.
1194:White House
1114:Mayo Clinic
872:White House
697:New Orleans
693:World War I
556:White House
513:social work
352:Ethel Gross
251:Preceded by
198:Preceded by
145:Preceded by
92:Preceded by
3708:Categories
3152:Frank Knox
2806:Richardson
2776:Trowbridge
1948:Legacy.com
1372:McJimsey,
1300:References
1236:Phoney War
1204:Georgetown
1129:illegal”.
1086:Lend-Lease
978:Casablanca
937:Lend-Lease
880:Frank Knox
868:Phoney War
590:Early life
498:Lend-Lease
492:, and the
336:Democratic
300:Sioux City
293:1890-08-17
3578:Huey Long
3335:Criticism
2937:President
2866:Gutierrez
2831:Mosbacher
2816:Klutznick
2696:Alexander
2649:Cortelyou
2050:0362-4331
1905:. p. 191.
1824:153925442
1816:0268-4527
1350:, p. 251.
1259:cirrhosis
1255:hepatitis
984:in 1945.
918:HMS
616:Methodist
429:Education
240:President
231:In office
187:President
178:In office
134:President
125:In office
81:President
72:In office
3606:Category
3344:New Deal
3301:New Deal
2891:Raimondo
2881:Pritzker
2836:Franklin
2821:Baldrige
2791:Peterson
2741:Harriman
2691:Redfield
2544:Archived
2427:Archived
2394:(1994).
2354:in JSTOR
2288:Archived
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