20:
109:. Douglas used his connection with Berrigan to convince some students at Bucknell that he was an anti-war activist, telling some that he was serving time for anti-war activities. In fact, he was in prison for check forgery. In the course of the investigation the government resorted to unauthorized and illegal wiretapping.
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Douglas testified that he transmitted transcribed letters between the defendants, which the prosecution used as evidence of a conspiracy among them. Several of
Douglas' former girlfriends testified at the trial that he acted not just as an informer, but also as a catalyst and agent provocateur for
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led the defense team for their trial during the spring months of 1972. Unconventionally, he didn't call any witnesses in his clients' defense, including the defendants themselves. He reasoned that the jury was sympathetic to his
Catholic clients and that that sympathy would be ruined by their
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was jailed for nearly three weeks for refusing to testify for the prosecution on the grounds that her forced testimony would threaten intellectual and academic freedom. She was the first United States librarian to be jailed for refusing to share information as a matter of conscience.
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Douglas set up a mail drop and persuaded students to transcribe letters intended for
Berrigan into his school notebooks to smuggle into the prison. They were later called, unwillingly, as government witnesses. Douglas was the chief prosecution witness. Librarian
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Father
Berrigan was serving time in the Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary, in central Pennsylvania. Boyd Douglas, who eventually would become an FBI informant and star prosecution witness, was a fellow inmate. Douglas was on a work-release at the library at nearby
505:
In J. S. Halonen & S. F. Davis (Eds.). The many faces of psychological research in the 21st century (chap. 11). Retrieved 8 September 2007. Citing
Schulman, J., Shaver, P., Colman, R., Emrich, B., & Christie, R. (1973, May). "Recipe for a jury."
556:
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86:, was named as an unindicted co-conspirator in the case. In 1970, the group attracted government attention when Berrigan, then imprisoned, and McAlister were caught trading letters that alluded to kidnapping
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There were minor convictions for a few of the defendants, based on smuggling mail into the prison; most of those were overturned on appeal.
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230:. Baggarly, Stephen, 1965-, Wilcox, Fred A. (Fred Allen), Prince of Peace Plowshares (Group). Athol, Mass.: Haley's. 2001.
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The defendants stood accused of conspiring to raid federal offices, to bomb government property, and to kidnap
Kissinger.
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164: – use of demographic factors to identify unfavorable jurors – to keep the defendants from being convicted.
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Seven of the eight defendants in
January 1972: Wenderoth, McLaughlin, Glick, McAlister, Ahmad, and the Scoblicks
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testimony that they'd burned their draft cards. After nearly 60 hours of deliberations, the jury remained
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313:(Fortieth Anniversary ed.). Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. p. xiii.
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Psychology and Law, Now and in the Next
Century: The Promise of an Emerging Area of Psychology
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336:"FBI snooping has librarians stamping mad: Local woman jailed in '70s in informant flap"
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Disciples & dissidents : prison writings of the Prince of Peace
Plowshares
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The group was unsuccessfully prosecuted for alleged criminal plots during the
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474:, modified sub nom., United States v. Berrigan, 482 F.2d 171 (3d Cir. 1973)
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United States
District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania cases
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era. Six of the seven were Roman Catholic nuns or priests. The seventh,
205:. Anchorage, Alaska: Lawrence S. Fanning. AP. April 6, 1972. p. 3
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to kidnap Kissinger and to bomb steam tunnels. They filed the case in
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United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
410:"Zoia Horn, librarian jailed for not testifying against protesters"
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Zoia!: Memoirs of Zoia Horn, battler for people's right to know
138:, seat of the Middle District. Activist attorney and former
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DePaul University Special Collections and Archives holdings
480:; and United States v. Ahmad, 329 F.Supp. 292 (M.D.Pa.1971
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See United States v. Ahmad, 347 F.Supp. 912 (M.D.Pa.1972)
477:; United States v. Ahmad, 335 F.Supp. 1198 (M.D.Pa.1971)
272:
Jay Schulman, et al. (May 1973) "Recipe for a Jury"
297:. (17 April 1972) Retrieved on 8 September 2007.
160:The trial gained some notoriety for the use of
55:, Rev. Neil McLaughlin, Rev. Joseph Wenderoth,
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59:, Anthony Scoblick, and Mary Cain Scoblick.
366:, vol. 499, 3 April 1974, p. 851
310:The Harrisburg 7 and the New Catholic Left
429:Josh Saunders (November/December 2003). "
449:"It Is Not A Funny Trial; Harrisburg 7"
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542:Political activists from Pennsylvania
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532:American anti–Vietnam War activists
130:charging the Harrisburg Seven with
51:. The seven were Phillip Berrigan,
16:American anti-Vietnam War activists
447:Bigart, Homer (27 February 1972).
431:Ramsey Clark's Prosecution Complex
334:Egelko, Bob (September 16, 2002).
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437:. Retrieved on 8 September 2007.
537:Quantified groups of defendants
150:and the defendants were freed.
289:No Again on the Conspiracy Law
93:and blowing up steam tunnels.
39:, charged in 1971 in a failed
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527:20th-century American trials
307:O'Rourke, William (2012) .
126:U.S. attorneys obtained an
35:anti-war activists, led by
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408:Egelko, Bob (2014-07-15).
162:scientific jury selection
88:National Security Advisor
136:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
82:, the mastermind of the
341:San Francisco Chronicle
552:Trials in Pennsylvania
387:. McFarland & Co.
363:United States v. Ahmad
258:: CS1 maint: others (
199:"Berrigan, nun guilty"
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203:Anchorage Daily News
383:Horn, Zoia (1995).
154:the group's plans.
107:Bucknell University
53:Elizabeth McAlister
500:2007-07-12 at the
453:The New York Times
84:Media FBI burglary
80:William C. Davidon
78:physics professor
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458:2008-10-23
416:2016-08-04
370:2019-11-10
347:2008-10-23
237:1884540422
185:References
174:COINTELPRO
132:conspiracy
128:indictment
97:Background
49:Harrisburg
41:conspiracy
278:, pg. 42.
254:cite book
122:The trial
115:Zoia Horn
33:religious
498:Archived
412:. SFGate
246:44634298
209:July 12,
168:See also
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389:ISBN
315:ISBN
294:Time
260:link
242:OCLC
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211:2010
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