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services. A domestic service can include being a maid or a cleaner. There was only one female that had a professional occupation however, this female also happened to be the only person in
Hartley with a professional occupation. On the other hand, the males in Hartley had more specific occupations. The most popular occupation in Hartley in 1881 was one linked to agriculture, most likely farmers. This shows that agriculture was a big part of the culture of Hartley and its people. From looking at the types of occupations, males had an occupation that usually involved some type of labour whereas females either did not have an occupation or did not have occupation that involved hard labour. It is also evident to show that only three males either had an unknown occupation or didn't have a specific occupation. This was most likely due to males being seen in society as those to provide an income for their families whilst the females stayed at home and were expected to look after the children and their homes for their husbands. Although, at this time in history, there was gender inequality and men were usually employed. Whilst for women, it was very difficult for them to acquire a job as they were expected by society to not work and to be dependent on men. The Victoria and Albert Museum states that "Traditionally, women were defined physically and intellectually as the 'weaker' sex, in all ways subordinate to male authority. In private life women were subject to fathers, husbands, brothers even adult sons". This is ultimately down to the social views on what men and women should do in terms of occupations and the limits that women had in 1881.
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number of occupations that women had were
Professional occupations (10). Whereas, the most popular occupation for men in Hartley are Skilled trade occupations (13) closely followed by Managers, directors and senior officials (11). The most unpopular professions for both genders were Sales and Customer Service Occupations, Process, plant and machine operatives and Elementary occupations. One main difference between the occupation data from the 1881 census and the 2011 census is the increase in employed women. In 1881, only one woman was able to obtain a professional occupation in Hartley. Whereas, 130 years later, this number has increased to ten. The popularity in the different types of occupations has also changed from 1881. In 1881, popular occupations were professions that involved manual labour such as Agriculture. Nevertheless, in 2011 there is a greater popularity in more occupations that aren't as labour-intensive. For example, there is a larger section of the population of Hartley working in the service sector working as Managers, directors and senior officials.
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Bruce invaded the north of
England, Sir Andrew de Harcala was executed on accounts of treason. After, the new owner of the Hartley Castle fortified the house later that century. However, Sir Andrew de Harcala was also given other pieces of estate including the Kings Watermill now known as Hartley Low Mill. As well as losing residence at Hartley Castle, Sir Andrew also lost the Kings Watermill as soon as he was executed. The Kings Watermill was then later sold to the Musgraves family. The Mill was repaired in 1754 by Sir Philip Musgrave and given a "new cog wheel and 'trunls', for £1.14". In 1914, the Musgraves family sold Hartley Low mill to a James Cleasby and from then, the owners and tenants of Low Mill have changed throughout the 20th century.
371:. The area has many old lead and copper mines that are now abandoned as well as a large quantity of iron haematite, ironstone and ore. At the highest peak in Hartley stand nine obelisks referred to as "Nine Standards". Nobody knows the true purpose of the "Nine Standards" although some believe that they were used to create a sense of a forthcoming army to scare the enemy forces. However, it is more widely believed that they were placed as geographical aid to help outline the borders between the two neighbouring counties, Westmorland and Yorkshire. Hartley is also home to
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years (54 residents). Throughout the 20th century, the census data from the years recording the population of
Hartley remained at a constant level which continued into the start of the 21st century. In 2011, Hartley had a population of "138". By analysing the population in the whole of the Eden district from the neighbourhood statistics website it shows that in Eden in 2011, there was a total population of "52,564". This shows that Hartley made up only 0.26% of the population of the Eden district in 2011.
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Hartley had a population of "138" according to the 2011 census. The 2011 census data shows the different occupations that men and women had in
Hartley 2011. One key feature shown in the 2011 occupation data of Hartley is the high number of men and women who have professional occupations. The highest
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The population of
Hartley has remained rather consistent over time. Hartley is a very small parish and because of this, differences in population over time are difficult to notice. However, in 1891 it had a population of "183" people. This shows the greatest population change in the time span of 10
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The census in 1881 helps show the different occupations that the population of
Hartley, Westmorland had at the time. One of the most noticeable factors about the occupations in Hartley is the divide in work by gender. The majority of females in Hartley had unknown occupations or worked in domestic
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The history of
Hartley changes in correlation with the power struggle between different parties for control over England. Sir Andrew de Harcala was given residence at Hartley Castle in the 13th century as he served Edward II and then was later pronounced Earl of Carlisle. However, when Robert the
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Hartley, a township in Kirkby-Stephen parish, Westmoreland; 1 mile SE of Kirkby-Stephen. Acres, 3, 350. Real property, with Winton, £4, 159. Pop., 215. Houses, 45. Hartley Castle stood on an eminence; belonged to successively the
Veteriponts, the Hartleys, the Nevilles, and the Musgraves; and was
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demolished in the early part of the 18th century. The township is mountainous; includes
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Population graph for the parish of Hartley, taken from census population data from 1881 to 2011
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649:"Occupation data classified into the 24 1881 'Orders', plus sex"
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699:"Hartley (Parish): Key Figures for 2011 Census: Ky Statistics"
674:"Gender Ideology & Separate Spheres in the 19th Century"
619:"Population Density For Hartley and the Eden District, 2011"
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470:Listed buildings in Hartley, Cumbria
521:. Edingburgh: A. Fullerton & Co
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1047:List of civil parishes in Cumbria
490:"Hartley Genealogy & History"
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421:Population of Hartley over time
399:1881 Occupation Data of Hartley
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518:Gazetteer of England and Wales
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1064:Parliamentary constituencies
594:"Hartley Tn/CP through time"
573:www.lowmillkirkbystephen.com
545:www.thecumbriadirectory.com
90:OS grid reference
18:Human settlement in England
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1089:Grade II* listed buildings
678:Victoria and Albert Museum
496:. Directory of Westmorland
1135:Civil parishes in Cumbria
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439:Occupation census in 2011
430:Occupation census in 1881
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1084:Grade I listed buildings
763:NeighbourHood Statistics
703:Neighbourhood Statistics
623:Neighbourhood Statistics
412:Brief history of Hartley
879:Westmorland and Furness
733:NeighbourhoodStatistics
907:Appleby-in-Westmorland
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335:54.474035°N 2.336186°W
284:Penrith and the Border
210:Postcode district
922:Bowness-on-Windermere
807:at Wikimedia Commons
515:Wilsom, John Marius.
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932:Broughton-in-Furness
340:54.474035; -2.336186
190:Sovereign state
1130:Villages in Cumbria
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867:Unitary authorities
653:A Vision of Britain
598:A Vision of Britain
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276:UK Parliament
222:Dialling code
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964:Grange-over-Sands
954:Dalton-in-Furness
917:Barrow-in-Furness
888:Major settlements
842:Ceremonial county
803:Media related to
355:is a village and
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1124:Categories
1039:Workington
1034:Windermere
1024:Whitehaven
874:Cumberland
713:27 January
525:27 January
476:References
323:54°28′27″N
265:North West
166:North West
78:Population
1043:See also:
1019:Ulverston
902:Ambleside
541:"Hartley"
326:2°20′10″W
260:Ambulance
200:Post town
81:138
1009:Sedbergh
994:Maryport
989:Longtown
959:Egremont
938:Carlisle
927:Brampton
912:Aspatria
773:31 March
743:31 March
683:25 March
658:25 March
633:22 April
603:22 April
578:23 April
550:23 April
500:21 March
448:See also
122:District
1109:Museums
1094:History
1014:Silloth
1004:Penrith
974:Keswick
848:Cumbria
365:Cumbria
359:in the
353:Hartley
312:Cumbria
307:England
253:Cumbria
241:Cumbria
182:England
176:Country
148:Cumbria
113:Hartley
68:Cumbria
60:Hartley
24:Hartley
1069:Places
1057:Topics
1029:Wigton
999:Millom
969:Kendal
897:Alston
236:Police
158:Region
97:NY7808
83:(2011)
1074:SSSIs
226:01298
775:2015
745:2015
715:2015
685:2015
660:2015
635:2015
605:2015
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552:2015
527:2015
502:2015
361:Eden
248:Fire
215:CA17
130:Eden
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