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Cushing developed many surgical instruments that are in use today, most notably
Cushing forceps and the Cushing ventricular cannula. The forceps instrument is used to grasp the thick tissues of the scalp during cranial surgery and the cannula is used to enter the brain ventricles for CSF drainage. He
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As a child, Cushing attended the
Cleveland Manual Training School, which expanded his interest in science and medicine. The school's emphasis on experimental training and a "physics-focused" approach to education played an important role in influencing Cushing toward a career in medical surgery. The
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At the beginning of the 20th century, Cushing developed many of the basic surgical techniques for operating on the brain. This established him as one of the foremost leaders and experts in the field. Under his influence, neurosurgery became a new and autonomous surgical discipline.
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and blood pressure measurement became a vital sign. The use of the Riva-Rocci sphygmomanometer as a diagnostic tool rapidly spread across the US and
Western world, a direct contribution by Harvey Cushing. The device's use continued until Russian physician
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1530:"NUPTIALS PLANNED BY MISS ESTABROOK; Her Marriage to Henry Kirke Cushing Will Take Place in Marion, Mass., Church. CEREMONY TO BE MAY 30 Mrs. James Roosevelt, Sister of the Bridegroom-Elect, Will Be Matron of Honor"
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which he termed "polyglandular syndrome." He published his findings in 1932 as "The
Basophil Adenomas of the Pituitary Body and Their Clinical Manifestations: pituitary Basophilism".
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1587:"Dr. Cushing Dead; Brain Surgeon, 70. A Pioneer Who Won Fame as Founder of New School of Neuro-Surgery. Discovered Malady Affecting Pituitary Gland. Was Noted Teacher and author"
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in the 17th century. Harvey, the fourth generation of a line of physicians founded by his great-grandfather Dr. David
Cushing (1768–1814), was the youngest of ten children.
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Cushing returned to the United States in
February 1919 and was discharged on April 9, 1919. In recognition of his service during the war, Cushing was invested as a
789:, an Italian physician, Cushing was astonished by Riva-Rocci's non-invasive way of measuring intra-arterial pressure. In 1896, Riva-Rocci developed a wall-mounted
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also developed a surgical magnet while working with the
Harvard Medical Unit in France during World War I to extract shrapnel from the heads of wounded soldiers.
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971:. In 2010, Yale placed on display Cushing's collection of brain specimens. There is also a collection of his papers at the National Library of Medicine.
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507:. He conducted (with Kocher) a study of intracerebral pressure and (with Sherrington) contributed much to the localization of the cerebral centers.
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Arguably, Cushing's greatest contribution came with his introduction to North
America of blood pressure measurement. Upon visiting colleague
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pressure, i.e. systolic blood pressure measurement. Riva-Rocci's design was based on a more primitive version developed by French physician
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589:(O-6) on October 23, 1918. In that capacity, he treated Lieutenant Edward Revere Osler, who was fatally wounded during the third battle of
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in 1914. In 1915, before the
Clinical Congress of Surgeons in Boston, he showed the possibility of influencing stature by operating on the
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1996:
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Cushing, Harvey (1932). "The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their clinical manifestations (pituitary basophilism)".
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The genealogy of the
Cushing family, an account of the ancestors and descendants of Matthew Cushing, who came to America in 1638
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Decorations of the United States Army, 1862–1926. War Department. Office of the Adjutant General. Washington. 1927. pg. 693.
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contains extensive collections in the field of medicine and the history of medicine. Cushing's long-time personal secretary,
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On June 6, 1918, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and was assigned as senior consultant in neurological surgery for the
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655:, on June 10, 1902. They had five children, including three daughters famed for their beauty and collectively known as the '
566:. During his time at the French military hospital, Cushing experimented with the use of electromagnets to extract metallic
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Collection which consists of a collection of portrait engravings and 83 mid-19th-century oil paintings rendered by artist
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in Europe. In early October, while in France, he came down with what he described as "the grippe," which was probably the
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821:") with his improved sphygmomanometer, which also replaced the mercury manometer with a smaller, round dial manometer.
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Cushing married his Cleveland childhood friend Katharine Stone Crowell (1870–1949), granddaughter of Ohio congressman
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526:. He became a professor of surgery at the Harvard Medical School starting in 1912. In 1913, he was made an honorary
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for his contributions to surgical science. As part of the award, he delivered the Lister Memorial Lecture at the
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Cushing began his career in private practice in Baltimore. During his time with Kocher, he first encountered the
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Wisoff HS (2012). "Leo Max Davidoff: his formative years and participation in the MacMillan Arctic Expedition".
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He considerably improved the survival of patients after difficult brain operations for intracranial tumors.
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1676:"The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their clinical manifestations (pituitary basophilism)"
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in France. Cushing also served as the head of a surgical unit in a French military hospital outside of
369:. A pioneer of brain surgery, he was the first exclusive neurosurgeon and the first person to describe
242:
959:, to form the library. In 2005, the library released portions of its collection online, including the
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William Harvey Cushing (1903–1926) (died in an automobile accident while a student at Yale University)
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school's manual dexterity training program also contributed to Cushing's future success as a surgeon.
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fragments that were lodged within the brain. He was mentioned in a dispatch by Field Marshal Sir
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linked to a balloon-inflated cuff that would measure the pressure needed to compress arterial
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1478:"Mary Fosburgh, 72. One of the Cushing Sisters and a Leader in Arts. Raised Funds During War"
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Harvard's Military Record during the World War. Harvard Alumni Association. 1921. pg. 238.
842:. In 1912 he reported in a study an endocrinological syndrome caused by a malfunction of the
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He was the world's leading teacher of neurosurgeons in the first decades of the 20th century.
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2187:(2). The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1945;75(2):143: 143. February 1945.
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1562:"Barbara Cushing Paley Dies at 63; Style Pace-Setter in Three Decades; Symbol of Taste"
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951:, played a major role in organizing his rare book donations, along with those from
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2216:. Yale University, Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Cushing Center
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gave him a European reputation. In 1911, he was appointed surgeon-in-chief at the
2287:. Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, Mass.
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in Cleveland. An autopsy performed on Cushing revealed that his brain harbored a
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was named in his honor. Cushing General Hospital (now Cushing Memorial Park) in
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For a picture of Cushing's Lister Medal, and an offprint of the lecture, see
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for a book recounting the life of one of the fathers of modern medicine, Sir
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and then did a residency in surgery under the guidance of pioneering surgeon
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1220:(12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
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and curator of Cushing's brain tumor registry with more than 2000 specimens.
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on May 5, 1917. He was director of the U.S. base hospital attached to the
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Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002: Part 1 (A–J)
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389:, Ohio. His parents were Elizabeth Maria "Betsey M." Williams (sister of
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Henry Kirke Cushing (1910–1983), who married Marjorie Estabrook in 1936.
2249:
Harvey Williams Cushing Papers in the Yale University Library (MS 160).
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Williams) and Henry Kirke Cushing, a physician whose ancestors came to
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Cushing's name is commonly associated with his most famous discovery,
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He used electrical stimuli for the study of the human sensory cortex.
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515:
2122:"Lothian Health Services Archive: The Life of Norman Dott examined"
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The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History
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blood pressure measurement in 1905 (after he discovered the famed "
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1994:
Digital Library Collections of the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library
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637:
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491:. At the age of 32, he was made associate professor of surgery at
217:
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1193:. Harvey Cushing A Biography. Springfield, Illinois. 1946. Print.
1922:"The Society: Past Presidents of the History of Science Society"
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of Chinese tumor patients, and a biography of Harvey Cushing by
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2281:. Osler Library of the History of Medicine. McGill University.
1153:
History of the Town of Hingham, Plymouth County, Massachusetts
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In Baltimore, he developed the method of operating with local
29:
1943:"Highly Qualified Loser"? Harvey Cushing and the Nobel Prize"
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Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh
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He subsequently trained in neurological surgery abroad under
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Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh
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issued a 45-cent postage stamp in his honor, as part of the
992:, founder of the Department of Neurological Surgery at the
853:
in 1914. In 1917, Cushing was elected to the United States
804:. Cushing returned to the US with a sample of Riva-Rocci's
499:. He wrote numerous monographs on surgery of the brain and
642:
Harvey Cushing's tomb, Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio
2285:
Collected papers of Harvey Cushing, 1923–1939 (inclusive)
495:
and was placed in full charge of cases of surgery of the
1822:
Cushing, H., Lancet (Lond.), 1930, ii, 119–147; 175–184.
983:, the first pediatric neurosurgeon and the developer of
585:. He would never fully recover. He attained the rank of
318:(Sterling Professor of Medicine in Neurology, 1933–1937)
3035:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
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by the British government. In 1923, he was awarded the
1820:
Neurohypophysial mechanisms from a clinical standpoint
1293:
Ellis, H (2012). "Harvey Cushing: Cushing's disease".
550:
Shortly after the entry of the United States into the
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Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners
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He played a pivotal role in development of the Bovie
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From 1933 to 1937, when he retired, he worked at the
3060:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2177:"JAMA Book Review: A Visit to Le Puy-En-Velay; 1945"
873:
in July 1930. That same year, he was elected to the
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277:
251:
232:
224:
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181:
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136:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2251:Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.
2245:, Charles C. Thomas (Springfield, Illinois), 1946.
357:(April 8, 1869 – October 7, 1939) was an American
1615:"Services for Surgeon Held in Cleveland Cemetery"
3055:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2269:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
1887:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
1102:C D Waterston; A Macmillan Shearer (July 2006).
941:Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library
889:in 1934. Cushing was also a candidate for the
3085:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2566:
2322:Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography
2306:
1842:ehistorybuff.com (accessed February 17, 2009)
859:Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography
554:, Cushing was commissioned as a major in the
436:in 1895. Cushing completed his internship at
8:
2985:Honorary companions of the Order of the Bath
3065:United States Army personnel of World War I
2019:Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
1833:Harvey Cushing, M.D. Legendary Neurosurgeon
1772:Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
1084:Timeline of medicine and medical technology
483:, which describes the relationship between
2573:
2559:
2551:
2313:
2299:
2291:
2274:Harvey Cushing: A Journey Through His Life
1231:
1229:
1227:
1016:, pioneer neurosurgeon and founder of the
306:(Associate Professor of Surgery, c. 1891)
144:
133:
3070:United States Army Medical Corps officers
2073:"Harvey Cushing Correspondence 1930–1939"
2030:
1958:
1795:
1691:
1430:
885:of London. He served as president of the
624:(London: Oxford University Press, 1925).
530:(London). He was elected a Fellow of the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2980:Burials at Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland
1203:
1201:
1199:
926:
823:
1720:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1419:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
1274:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1269:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter C"
1150:Lincoln, Solomon Jr.; Gill, Caleb Jr.
1094:
716:, Connecticut, from complications of a
1882:"Harvey (Williams) Cushing. 1869–1939"
1663:Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital
1505:"Betsey Cushing Whitney Is Dead at 89"
593:. Lieutenant Osler was the son of Sir
428:(Phi chapter). He studied medicine at
891:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
851:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
532:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
328:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
7:
3030:Foreign members of the Royal Society
2193:10.1001/archinte.1945.00210260071009
2015:"Obituaries: Madeline Earle Stanton"
1172:. Montreal, The Perrault Printing Co
1030:The Pituitary Body and its Disorders
913:, Massachusetts, was named for him.
877:in 1930. Cushing was elected to the
871:Royal College of Surgeons of England
857:. Cushing was also awarded the 1926
712:Cushing died on October 7, 1939, in
503:and made important contributions in
373:. He wrote a biography of physician
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1366:From a surgeon's journal, 1915–1918
1054:From a surgeon's journal, 1915–1918
1048:Consecratio Medici and other papers
994:Albert Einstein College of Medicine
865:. In 1930, Cushing was awarded the
700:(1915–1978), the socialite wife of
538:. In 1924, Cushing was awarded the
2261:, Oxford University Press, 2005. (
1156:, Farmer and Brown, Hingham, 1827.
25:
3000:Johns Hopkins Hospital physicians
2259:Harvey Cushing: a Life in Surgery
1415:"The case of Edward Revere Osler"
1295:Journal of Perioperative Practice
1166:Cushing, James Stevenson (1905).
1042:Blood Vessel Tumours of the Brain
879:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
27:American neurosurgeon (1869–1939)
2491:
1245:. April 17, 1939. Archived from
1036:Tumours of the Nervus Acousticus
34:
2075:. National Library of Medicine.
1920:The History of Science Society
1768:"The Life of Sir William Osler"
1018:Montreal Neurological Institute
893:, nominated at least 38 times.
633:Sterling Professor of Neurology
45:needs additional citations for
2995:Harvard Medical School faculty
2165:. Cleveland: The Rowfant Club.
1674:Cushing, Harvey (April 1969).
875:American Philosophical Society
667:Mary Benedict "Minnie" Cushing
514:, and his paper on its use in
438:Massachusetts General Hospital
1:
2990:Harvard Medical School alumni
2181:Archives of Internal Medicine
2140:Changing the face of medicine
1941:Hansson N, Schlich T (2015).
1818:The lecture is available at:
1503:Nemy, Enid (March 26, 1998).
579:American Expeditionary Forces
301:Private practice (Baltimore)
2055:"Inside Neurosurgery's Rise"
1931:. Retrieved December 4, 2013
1413:Starling, P H (March 2003).
1352:Lives of the First World War
1208:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922).
918:United States Postal Service
855:National Academy of Sciences
3050:United States Army colonels
2242:Harvey Cushing: A Biography
1639:Mangione, Salvatore (2000)
1560:Nemy, Enid (July 7, 1978).
931:Cushing ventricular cannula
883:Fellow of the Royal Society
849:Cushing was elected to the
606:Distinguished Service Medal
560:British expeditionary Force
520:Peter Bent Brigham Hospital
420:, where he was a member of
309:Peter Bent Brigham Hospital
3101:
2746:Charles Coulston Gillispie
2657:Charles Albert Browne, Jr.
2583:History of Science Society
2163:A Visit to Le Puy-En-Velay
1927:December 12, 2013, at the
1838:December 31, 2008, at the
1641:Physical Diagnosis Secrets
1307:10.1177/175045891202200906
1113:Royal Society of Edinburgh
1066:A Visit to Le Puy-En-Velay
887:History of Science Society
2965:American endocrinologists
2960:American male biographers
2597:Lawrence Joseph Henderson
2500:
2489:
2329:
1716:"Harvey Williams Cushing"
1369:. London: Constable, 1936
764:to diagnose brain tumors.
683:(1908–1998), who married
669:(1906–1978), who married
622:Life of Sir William Osler
465:Charles Scott Sherrington
348:
270:
143:
3075:Yale Sterling Professors
2975:American science writers
2970:American neuroscientists
2764:Lynn Townsend White, Jr.
2388:Douglas Southall Freeman
2161:Cushing, Harvey (1944).
2100:10.3171/2012.4.JNS111211
2013:Wilson, LG (July 1981).
1960:10.3171/2014.11.JNS14990
1766:Cushing, Harvey (1925).
1363:Cushing, Harvey (1936).
702:Stanley Grafton Mortimer
381:Early life and education
239:Pioneering brain surgery
3045:Yale University faculty
2830:Sally Gregory Kohlstedt
2681:Louis Charles Karpinski
2651:Harvey Williams Cushing
1643:. Hanley & Belfus.
1432:10.1136/jramc-149-01-05
1217:Encyclopædia Britannica
1211:"Cushing, Harvey"
831:, 1908; oil on canvas,
629:Yale School of Medicine
556:U.S. Army Medical Corps
442:William Stewart Halsted
355:Harvey Williams Cushing
316:Yale School of Medicine
160:Harvey Williams Cushing
18:Harvey Williams Cushing
3040:Yale University alumni
3020:Writers from Cleveland
3010:Writers from Baltimore
3005:American neurosurgeons
2346:Charles Edward Russell
1900:10.1098/rsbm.1941.0003
932:
922:Great Americans series
835:
753:
698:Barbara "Babe" Cushing
675:James Whitney Fosburgh
643:
497:central nervous system
493:Johns Hopkins Hospital
446:Johns Hopkins Hospital
430:Harvard Medical School
311:and (surgeon-in-chief)
304:Johns Hopkins Hospital
193:New Haven, Connecticut
150:Harvey Cushing in 1938
2693:Vilhjalmur Stefansson
2645:J. Playfair McMurrich
2428:Ola Elizabeth Winslow
1999:May 29, 2005, at the
1464:"The Pulitzer Prizes"
1024:Selected publications
985:pneumoencephalography
975:Trained under Cushing
930:
827:
748:Historical marker at
747:
720:. He was interred at
718:myocardial infarction
641:
616:Cushing authored the
602:Companion of the Bath
489:intracranial pressure
412:He graduated with an
2955:American biographers
2907:Angela N. H. Creager
2895:Paul Lawrence Farber
2699:John Farquhar Fulton
2603:James Henry Breasted
2440:Samuel Eliot Morison
2279:Harvey Cushing Fonds
2124:. November 16, 2012.
1857:search.amphilsoc.org
1853:"APS Member History"
1680:Ann R Coll Surg Engl
1388:Barry, John (2004).
620:-winning biography,
416:degree in 1891 from
401:, Massachusetts, as
385:Cushing was born in
54:improve this article
3015:Writers from Boston
2782:Richard S. Westfall
2464:William Allen White
2214:"Cushing as Artist"
2136:"Louise Eisenhardt"
1249:on February 4, 2013
1132:on January 24, 2013
1079:History of medicine
787:Scipione Riva-Rocci
457:Emil Theodor Kocher
426:Delta Kappa Epsilon
2794:Frederic L. Holmes
2788:Robert P. Multhauf
2675:Richard H. Shryock
2609:David Eugene Smith
2581:Presidents of the
2482:Samuel Flagg Bemis
2476:Robert E. Sherwood
2458:Linnie Marsh Wolfe
2422:Ray Stannard Baker
2394:Ralph Barton Perry
2352:Burton J. Hendrick
2061:. August 23, 2010.
2059:The New York Times
2003:at Yale University
1722:. February 9, 2023
1621:. October 11, 1939
1619:The New York Times
1592:The New York Times
1566:The New York Times
1538:The New York Times
1509:The New York Times
1484:. November 8, 1978
1482:The New York Times
1060:The Medical Career
933:
836:
829:Dr. Harvey Cushing
754:
750:Lake View Cemetery
722:Lake View Cemetery
644:
608:by the U.S. Army.
574:in November 1917.
377:in three volumes.
243:Cushing's syndrome
214:Harvard University
2932:
2931:
2848:Albert Van Helden
2842:Frederick Gregory
2836:David C. Lindberg
2669:Henry E. Sigerist
2663:Chauncey D. Leake
2548:
2547:
2452:Russel Blaine Nye
1746:www.nasonline.org
1595:. October 8, 1939
1004:Louise Eisenhardt
840:Cushing's disease
833:Edmund C. Tarbell
371:Cushing's disease
352:
351:
225:Years active
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3092:
2919:Bernard Lightman
2889:Jane Maienschein
2824:Stephen G. Brush
2770:Erwin N. Hiebert
2740:Marshall Clagett
2734:I. Bernard Cohen
2633:William H. Welch
2615:Edgar Fahs Smith
2575:
2568:
2561:
2552:
2495:
2370:Henry F. Pringle
2315:
2308:
2301:
2292:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2034:
2010:
2004:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1938:
1932:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1849:
1843:
1829:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1742:"Harvey Cushing"
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1695:
1671:
1657:
1651:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1541:. April 15, 1936
1534:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1360:
1354:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1233:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1205:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1163:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1125:. Archived from
1110:
1099:
1008:Neuropathologist
949:Madeline Stanton
819:Korotkoff sounds
811:Nikolai Korotkov
806:sphygmomanometer
776:William T. Bovie
706:William S. Paley
689:John Hay Whitney
290:, medical writer
188:
169:
167:
148:
134:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Harvey Cushing"
62:
38:
30:
21:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3089:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2853:
2812:William Coleman
2722:Dorothy Stimson
2704:
2639:Berthold Laufer
2585:
2579:
2549:
2544:
2496:
2487:
2325:
2319:
2238:Fulton, John F.
2234:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2001:Wayback Machine
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1929:Wayback Machine
1919:
1915:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1840:Wayback Machine
1830:
1826:
1817:
1813:
1780:Clarendon Press
1765:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1673:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1330:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1235:
1234:
1225:
1207:
1206:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1108:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1075:
1026:
1014:Wilder Penfield
990:Leo M. Davidoff
977:
957:Arnold C. Klebs
945:Yale University
881:in 1934, and a
844:pituitary gland
738:
730:third ventricle
685:James Roosevelt
657:Cushing sisters
649:
614:
548:
536:pituitary gland
477:
432:and earned his
418:Yale University
383:
340:
335:
330:
314:
313:Harvard Medical
312:
307:
302:
293:
247:
212:
205:Yale University
196:
190:
186:
185:October 7, 1939
177:
174:Cleveland, Ohio
171:
165:
163:
162:
161:
151:
139:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3098:
3096:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3080:Cushing family
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2937:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2901:Lynn K. Nyhart
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2865:Ronald Numbers
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2776:John C. Greene
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2752:C. D. O'Malley
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2716:Harcourt Brown
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2621:Lynn Thorndike
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2470:Margaret Clapp
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2446:Carleton Mabee
2443:
2437:
2434:Forrest Wilson
2431:
2425:
2419:
2416:Carl Van Doren
2413:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2340:Emory Holloway
2337:
2334:Harvey Cushing
2330:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2255:Bliss, Michael
2252:
2246:
2233:
2232:External links
2230:
2228:
2227:
2205:
2168:
2153:
2127:
2113:
2078:
2064:
2046:
2025:(3): 357–358.
2005:
1986:
1974:
1933:
1913:
1894:(9): 276–290.
1869:
1844:
1824:
1811:
1758:
1733:
1707:
1652:
1632:
1606:
1578:
1552:
1521:
1495:
1469:
1455:
1446:
1405:
1394:. Viking Press
1380:
1355:
1348:Harvey Cushing
1340:
1328:
1285:
1260:
1223:
1195:
1183:
1158:
1143:
1121:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1011:
1001:
996:
987:
976:
973:
969:John F. Fulton
953:John F. Fulton
906:Harvey Cushing
783:
782:
779:
778:, a physicist.
772:electrocautery
768:
765:
758:
737:
734:
710:
709:
695:
692:
681:Betsey Cushing
678:
664:
648:
645:
618:Pulitzer prize
613:
610:
547:
544:
485:blood pressure
481:Cushing reflex
476:
473:
434:medical degree
422:Scroll and Key
382:
379:
365:, writer, and
350:
349:
346:
345:
337:Pulitzer Prize
324:
320:
319:
299:
295:
294:
292:
291:
285:
281:
279:
275:
274:
272:Medical career
268:
267:
253:
249:
248:
246:
245:
240:
236:
234:
233:Known for
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
202:
198:
197:
191:
189:(aged 70)
183:
179:
178:
172:
159:
157:
153:
152:
149:
141:
140:
138:Harvey Cushing
137:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3097:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2877:Michael Sokal
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2800:Gerald Holton
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2728:Henry Guerlac
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:Isaiah Bowman
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2505:Complete list
2503:
2502:
2499:
2494:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2410:Marquis James
2407:
2406:Odell Shepard
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2382:Tyler Dennett
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2358:Marquis James
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2146:September 13,
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2094:(3): 447–54.
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1982:Scott catalog
1978:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1953:(4): 976–79.
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1878:Cannon, W. B.
1873:
1870:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1778:(4). Oxford:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1759:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1672:Reprinted in
1669:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1381:
1368:
1367:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1171:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1136:September 18,
1128:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
991:
988:
986:
982:
979:
978:
974:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
937:
929:
925:
923:
919:
916:In 1988, the
914:
912:
908:
907:
902:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
863:William Osler
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
834:
830:
826:
822:
820:
816:
812:
807:
803:
802:Pierre Potain
799:
795:
792:
788:
780:
777:
773:
769:
766:
763:
759:
756:
755:
751:
746:
742:
735:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
707:
703:
699:
696:
693:
690:
686:
682:
679:
676:
672:
671:Vincent Astor
668:
665:
662:
661:
660:
658:
654:
647:Personal life
646:
640:
636:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
611:
609:
607:
603:
598:
596:
595:William Osler
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
545:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
501:spinal column
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
474:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
380:
378:
376:
375:William Osler
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
347:
343:
338:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
310:
305:
300:
296:
289:
286:
283:
282:
280:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
255:5, including
254:
250:
244:
241:
238:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
206:
203:
199:
194:
184:
180:
175:
170:April 8, 1869
158:
154:
147:
142:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
110:February 2023
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2924:Jan Golinski
2913:Janet Browne
2858:2000–present
2806:Edward Grant
2400:Allan Nevins
2376:Allan Nevins
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981:Walter Dandy
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901:Liberty Ship
898:World War II
895:
867:Lister Medal
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726:colloid cyst
711:
653:John Crowell
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612:Later career
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572:Douglas Haig
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509:
505:bacteriology
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359:neurosurgeon
354:
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342:Lister Medal
298:Institutions
288:neurosurgeon
271:
187:(1939-10-07)
131:
116:
107:
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90:
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76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2950:1939 deaths
2945:1869 births
2915:(2016–2017)
2909:(2014–2015)
2903:(2012–2013)
2897:(2010–2011)
2891:(2008–2009)
2885:(2006–2007)
2883:Joan Cadden
2879:(2004–2005)
2873:(2002–2003)
2871:John Servos
2867:(2000–2001)
2850:(1998–1999)
2844:(1996–1997)
2838:(1994–1995)
2832:(1992–1993)
2826:(1990–1991)
2820:(1988–1989)
2818:Mary Jo Nye
2808:(1985–1986)
2802:(1983–1984)
2796:(1981–1982)
2790:(1979–1980)
2784:(1977-1978)
2778:(1975–1976)
2772:(1973–1974)
2766:(1971–1972)
2760:(1969–1970)
2758:Thomas Kuhn
2754:(1967–1968)
2748:(1965–1966)
2742:(1963–1964)
2736:(1961–1962)
2730:(1957–1960)
2724:(1953–1956)
2718:(1951–1952)
2701:(1947–1950)
2695:(1945–1946)
2683:(1943–1944)
2677:(1940–1942)
2665:(1937–1938)
2659:(1935–1936)
2599:(1924–1925)
2364:Henry James
2324:(1926–1950)
2263:book review
2220:November 7,
2198:November 7,
1947:J Neurosurg
1398:October 29,
1373:October 29,
999:Norman Dott
752:, Cleveland
583:Spanish flu
552:World War I
546:World War I
363:pathologist
2939:Categories
2627:Henry Crew
1649:1560531649
1237:"Brainman"
1122:090219884X
1090:References
911:Framingham
774:tool with
704:and later
687:and later
673:and later
512:anesthesia
326:Fellow of
278:Profession
166:1869-04-08
80:newspapers
2709:1950–1999
2590:1924–1949
2539:2001–2025
2532:1976–2000
2525:1951–1975
2518:1926–1950
2511:1917–1925
1670:: 137–95.
1625:March 22,
1599:March 21,
1571:March 21,
1514:March 21,
1488:March 21,
1278:April 14,
1253:March 21,
815:diastolic
813:included
794:manometer
714:New Haven
469:Liverpool
450:Baltimore
387:Cleveland
367:draftsman
228:1895–1935
201:Education
2108:22725989
1997:Archived
1969:25554824
1925:Archived
1908:70621786
1880:(1941).
1862:July 12,
1836:Archived
1806:16015960
1751:July 12,
1726:July 12,
1702:19310569
1545:June 26,
1441:12743923
1315:23101174
1073:See also
904:SS
798:systolic
760:He used
568:shrapnel
528:F.R.C.S.
403:Puritans
252:Children
2041:7018632
1984:# 2188.
1693:2387613
1323:3422885
965:Lam Qua
791:mercury
728:of the
587:colonel
444:at the
399:Hingham
395:Charles
284:Surgeon
265:Barbara
94:scholar
2814:(1987)
2689:(1944)
2671:(1939)
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2647:(1933)
2641:(1932)
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1032:(1912)
736:Legacy
524:Boston
516:hernia
475:Career
391:Edward
344:(1930)
339:(1926)
334:(1924)
323:Awards
263:, and
261:Betsey
195:, U.S.
176:, U.S.
96:
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2142:. NIH
1904:S2CID
1533:(PDF)
1319:S2CID
1272:(PDF)
1130:(PDF)
1109:(PDF)
762:X-ray
591:Ypres
564:Paris
101:JSTOR
87:books
2222:2017
2200:2017
2148:2014
2104:PMID
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1965:PMID
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1802:PMID
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182:Died
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