133:
24:
471:
A purely private taking could not withstand the scrutiny of the public use requirement; it would serve no legitimate purpose of government and would thus be void.... The Court's cases have repeatedly stated that 'one person's property may not be taken for the benefit of another private person without
485:
decision failed to achieve the stated purpose of the redistribution legislation. It could not create new housing because it transferred title from the land lessor only to the lessee-homeowners who already occupied existing homes on the subject property. As soon as the former lessees acquired fee
399:
The Hawaii legislature enacted a condemnation scheme, which was intended to transfer titles to the lots from its owner, the Bishop Estate, to the home lessees. The case focused on the taking of land held by the Bishop Estate, a charitable trust that held the residual lands of the
411:
However, as Oahu land values rose, so did rents, and the tenants demanded the state acquire the Estate's title and reconvey the individual lots to the lessee-homeowners, who would have to pay fair market value to reimburse the state for the acquisition.
2158:
2326:
1869:
2286:
455:
to the legislature was involved. If the legislature determines there are substantial reasons for the exercise of the taking power, courts must defer to the legislature's determination that the taking will serve a public use.
408:, which provide an education to Hawaiian children. The Bishop Estate had subdivided some of its land on Oahu and leased individual lots to land lessees, who built homes on them and at first paid nominal rents to the estate.
2190:
1966:
2962:
2784:
602:
546:
523:
229:
174:
433:
had the power to determine what was for the public good over the judiciary. The decision equated police power with the eminent domain of the sovereign's public use requirement.
225:
41:
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2350:
2334:
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2174:
729:
688:
348:
2102:
720:
396:
However, the shortage of buildable land on Oahu was largely because roughly half of the island is government-owned and thus unavailable for privately owned housing.
1541:
732:
437:
448:. It is the taking's purpose, and not its mechanics that were important. Here, eminent domain was used to provide an overall market benefit to the wider populace.
436:
In an 8-0 decision, the Court voted that the
Hawaiian act was constitutional. Hawaii's act to regulate the oligopoly was seen as a classic exercise of the State's
2453:
2987:
2134:
2828:
2030:
426:(1954) in which eminent domain power had been used to redevelop slum areas and for the possible sale or lease of the condemned lands for private interest.
2957:
2809:
2390:
393:
in land ownership that was "skewing the State's residential fee simple market, inflating land prices, and injuring the public tranquility and welfare."
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2522:
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679:
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2198:
88:
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60:
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486:
simple titles to their homes, their homes became attractive to
Japanese investors who paid high prices for those homes, largely in the upscale
1805:
1201:
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713:
67:
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362:
137:
74:
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107:
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2006:
56:
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2014:
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45:
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1958:
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The state can use eminent domain powers to redistribute concentrated property ownership to a larger group of people.
2804:
2657:
2552:
2527:
2482:
2318:
2110:
2094:
1438:
1366:
775:
613:
510:
501:, far from falling, as had been intended by the legislature, surged upward and more than doubled within six years.
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34:
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The Court held that the takings to correct concentrated property ownership was a legitimate public purpose.
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and satisfied the public use doctrine. Land did not have to be put into actual public use in order to use
430:
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622:
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261:
575:
Kanner, Gideon (Spring 2006). "Kelo v. New London: Bad Law, Bad Policy, and Bud
Judgment".
2182:
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to take land that was overwhelmingly concentrated in the hands of private landowners and
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23:
2159:
Williamson County
Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank of Johnson City
2327:
Stop the Beach
Renourishment v. Florida Department of Environmental Protection
491:
382:
185:
467:
The decision, though, placed limits on the power of the government, stating:
390:
181:
1870:
Department of
Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California
440:, and a comprehensive and rational approach to identifying and correcting
2287:
Tahoe-Sierra
Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency
649:
207:
214:
338:
Marshall took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
2934:
2919:
494:
neighborhoods. That led to a ripple effect throughout the island.
1967:
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
Railroad Co. v. City of Chicago
498:
218:
2435:
2191:
First
English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. Los Angeles County
1904:
1495:
1248:
826:
744:
702:
661:
472:
a justifying public purpose, even though compensation be paid.’
132:
17:
2311:
San Remo Hotel, L.P. v. City & County of San
Francisco
2963:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
524:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 467
2335:
Arkansas Game & Fish Commission v. United States
2772:
2731:
2470:
2351:
Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District
1177:
1094:
1075:
1024:
965:
882:
839:
342:
326:
321:
250:
240:
198:
193:
161:
156:
Hawaii Housing Authority, et al. v. Midkiff, et al.
151:
144:
125:
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
373:it to the wider population of private residents.
2103:Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City
1542:Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co.
469:
361:, 467 U.S. 229 (1984), was a case in which the
2175:Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis
565:Haw. Hous. Auth. v. Midkiff, 467 U.S. 229, 232
2447:
714:
673:
8:
2135:Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp.
2127:Webb's Fabulous Pharmacies, Inc. v. Beckwith
2215:Preseault v. Interstate Commerce Commission
2031:Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford
2454:
2440:
2432:
2391:Pakdel v. City and County of San Francisco
2007:Seaboard Air Line Ry. Co. v. United States
1901:
1492:
1245:
836:
823:
741:
721:
707:
699:
680:
666:
658:
122:
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
2375:Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania
2255:Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency
2295:Brown v. Legal Foundation of Washington
2263:Phillips v. Washington Legal Foundation
2231:Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council
2199:Nollan v. California Coastal Commission
2015:Rindge Company v. County of Los Angeles
535:
404:, and used the proceeds to support the
1550:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
385:titles in the island of Oahu, and the
381:Only 22 landowners owned 72.5% of the
2359:Horne v. Department of Agriculture II
2039:United States v. General Motors Corp.
1959:Monongahela Nav. Co. v. United States
1202:Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber
120:1984 United States Supreme Court case
57:"Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff"
7:
2343:Horne v. Department of Agriculture I
2055:Kimball Laundry Co. v. United States
228:1983); probable jurisdiction noted,
46:adding citations to reliable sources
2988:Public housing in the United States
2143:Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff
1598:Department of Agriculture v. Moreno
599:Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff
358:Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff
126:Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff
2167:United States v. Riverside Bayview
1951:Head v. Amoskeag Manufacturing Co.
1806:Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña
138:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2958:United States Supreme Court cases
609:229 (1984) is available from:
2151:Ruckelshaus v. Montanato Company
947:Bravo-Fernandez v. United States
202:Summary judgment for defendant,
131:
22:
2968:United States land use case law
2063:United States v. Pewee Coal Co.
1798:Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC
543:Hawaii Housing Auth. v. Midkiff
420:The Court's decision looked to
33:needs additional citations for
2978:1984 in United States case law
1999:Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon
1878:United States v. Vaello Madero
1838:Flores-Villar v. United States
481:However, the aftermath of the
451:The decision suggested that a
1:
2407:Sheetz v. County of El Dorado
2383:Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid
2303:Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
2111:Kaiser Aetna v. United States
1526:Adkins v. Children's Hospital
730:United States Fifth Amendment
689:United States Fifth Amendment
2463:Housing in the United States
2271:Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel
1886:Department of State v. Muñoz
1151:Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle
1084:Blockburger v. United States
848:Blockburger v. United States
389:concluded that there was an
365:held that a state could use
2207:Pennell v. City of San Jose
1862:Sessions v. Morales-Santana
891:United States v. Randenbush
463:Limitations of the decision
429:The Court decided that the
363:United States Supreme Court
3014:
2319:Kelo v. City of New London
2095:Armstrong v. United States
2079:Nelson v. City of New York
1439:J. D. B. v. North Carolina
1367:Dickerson v. United States
776:Wong Wing v. United States
650:Oyez (oral argument audio)
511:Kelo v. City of New London
2279:Palazzolo v. Rhode Island
1943:Cole v. City of La Grange
1913:
1900:
1694:United States v. Antelope
1504:
1491:
1351:Mitchell v. United States
1257:
1251:Self-Incrimination Clause
1244:
1095:Dual sovereignty doctrine
915:Fong Foo v. United States
840:Meaning of "same offense"
835:
822:
792:United States v. Moreland
754:
740:
696:
347:
337:
255:
245:
130:
2749:Northern Mariana Islands
2399:Tyler v. Hennepin County
2223:Yee v. City of Escondido
2119:Agins v. City of Tiburon
1975:Peabody v. United States
1846:United States v. Windsor
1622:Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld
1359:United States v. Hubbell
1218:North Carolina v. Pearce
1167:Denezpi v. United States
1127:United States v. Wheeler
387:Hawaii State Legislature
2983:Takings Clause case law
2973:Legal history of Hawaii
2239:Dolan v. City of Tigard
2047:United States v. Causby
1935:United States v. Lawton
1654:Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong
1590:Frontiero v. Richardson
1407:Corley v. United States
1399:United States v. Patane
1263:Curcio v. United States
1159:Gamble v. United States
1049:United States v. Dinitz
982:Ludwig v. Massachusetts
974:United States v. Wilson
907:Burton v. United States
808:United States v. Cotton
504:The primary holding of
145:Argued March 26th, 1984
2915:Missing middle housing
2829:Housing discrimination
2810:San Francisco Bay Area
1983:United States v. Cress
1758:Fullilove v. Klutznick
1614:Schlesinger v. Ballard
1518:Adair v. United States
1510:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1383:Yarborough v. Alvarado
1103:United States v. Lanza
1033:United States v. Perez
1014:Smith v. United States
1006:United States v. Dixon
998:United States v. Felix
931:Burks v. United States
872:United States v. Dixon
864:United States v. Felix
829:Double Jeopardy Clause
474:
431:United States Congress
270:William J. Brennan Jr.
147:Decided May 30th, 1984
2465:by state or territory
1927:Kohl v. United States
1431:Berghuis v. Thompkins
1271:Griffin v. California
1143:United States v. Lara
1041:United States v. Jorn
899:Ball v. United States
760:Hurtado v. California
217:1979); reversed, 702
2930:Single-family zoning
2087:United States v. Dow
1734:Califano v. Westcott
1678:Califano v. Goldfarb
1327:Doe v. United States
1194:Palko v. Connecticut
1065:Blueford v. Arkansas
349:U.S. Const. amend. V
330:O'Connor, joined by
180:104 S. Ct. 2321, 81
42:improve this article
2759:U.S. Virgin Islands
1919:Barron v. Baltimore
1766:Rostker v. Goldberg
1686:Califano v. Webster
1662:Washington v. Davis
1630:Mathews v. Eldridge
1582:Richardson v. Davis
1534:Nichols v. Coolidge
1423:Maryland v. Shatzer
1391:Missouri v. Seibert
1343:McNeil v. Wisconsin
1335:Illinois v. Perkins
1295:Williams v. Florida
1111:Bartkus v. Illinois
1076:Multiple punishment
955:McElrath v. Georgia
641:Library of Congress
314:Sandra Day O'Connor
294:Lewis F. Powell Jr.
2890:Subsidized housing
2834:Housing insecurity
2415:DeVillier v. Texas
1814:Miller v. Albright
1774:Heckler v. Mathews
1710:Califano v. Torres
1638:Hills v. Gautreaux
1498:Due Process Clause
1375:Chavez v. Martinez
1311:Edwards v. Arizona
1303:Michigan v. Tucker
1279:Miranda v. Arizona
1226:Benton v. Maryland
1210:Baxstrom v. Herold
800:Beck v. Washington
733:criminal procedure
508:was reaffirmed by
453:judicial deference
406:Kamehameha schools
266:Associate Justices
2945:
2944:
2858:Mortgage industry
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2367:Murr v. Wisconsin
2247:Babbitt v. Youpee
1896:
1895:
1830:Zadvydas v. Davis
1790:Bowen v. Gilliard
1742:Harris v. Rosario
1606:Morton v. Mancari
1566:Schneider v. Rusk
1558:Bolling v. Sharpe
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1415:Florida v. Powell
1287:Boulden v. Holman
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1119:Waller v. Florida
1057:Oregon v. Kennedy
939:Evans v. Michigan
818:
817:
402:Hawaiian monarchy
354:
353:
302:William Rehnquist
282:Thurgood Marshall
118:
117:
110:
92:
3005:
2925:Parking mandates
2878:Right to housing
2764:Washington, D.C.
2456:
2449:
2442:
2433:
2071:Berman v. Parker
2023:Leonard v. Earle
1902:
1782:Lyng v. Castillo
1726:Davis v. Passman
1718:Vance v. Bradley
1670:Mathews v. Lucas
1574:Rogers v. Bellei
1493:
1463:Salinas v. Texas
1319:Oregon v. Elstad
1246:
1186:Ex parte Bigelow
1135:Heath v. Alabama
966:After conviction
837:
824:
742:
723:
716:
709:
700:
682:
675:
668:
659:
654:
648:
645:
639:
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627:
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612:
585:
584:
577:The Urban Lawyer
572:
566:
563:
557:
540:
423:Berman v. Parker
262:Warren E. Burger
251:Court membership
135:
134:
123:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
3013:
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3006:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2993:History of Oahu
2948:
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2946:
2941:
2768:
2727:
2466:
2460:
2430:
2421:
2183:Hodel v. Irving
1909:
1892:
1750:Harris v. McRae
1646:Mathews v. Diaz
1500:
1487:
1486:
1477:
1455:Howes v. Fields
1253:
1232:
1173:
1090:
1071:
1020:
990:Grady v. Corbin
961:
923:Ashe v. Swenson
883:After acquittal
878:
856:Grady v. Corbin
831:
814:
750:
736:
727:
692:
686:
652:
646:
643:
637:
634:
628:
625:
619:
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610:
594:
589:
588:
574:
573:
569:
564:
560:
541:
537:
532:
520:
497:Home prices on
479:
465:
418:
379:
306:John P. Stevens
304:
292:
280:
236:932 (1983).
189:
146:
140:
121:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
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2998:1984 in Hawaii
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2883:Slum clearance
2880:
2875:
2873:Homestead Acts
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2853:
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2851:
2849:Silicon Valley
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2795:Home ownership
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2774:
2773:Related topics
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2739:American Samoa
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2673:South Carolina
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2640:
2638:North Carolina
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2227:
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2107:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1991:Block v. Hirsh
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1907:Takings Clause
1905:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
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1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1702:Fiallo v. Bell
1698:
1690:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1658:
1650:
1642:
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1618:
1610:
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1505:
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1501:
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53:Find sources:
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31:This article
29:
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2800:Homelessness
2780:Architecture
2678:South Dakota
2668:Rhode Island
2663:Pennsylvania
2643:North Dakota
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1854:Kerry v. Din
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194:Case history
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40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
2900:Segregation
2754:Puerto Rico
2593:Mississippi
2508:Connecticut
278:Byron White
2952:Categories
2839:California
2805:California
2732:Non-states
2708:Washington
2628:New Mexico
2623:New Jersey
2498:California
747:Grand Jury
530:References
492:Hawaii Kai
383:fee simple
377:Background
186:U.S. LEXIS
184:186, 1984
68:newspapers
2905:Squatting
2718:Wisconsin
2683:Tennessee
2588:Minnesota
2563:Louisiana
583:(2): 201.
477:Aftermath
391:oligopoly
332:unanimous
182:L. Ed. 2d
162:Citations
98:July 2012
2817:Colorado
2790:Eviction
2703:Virginia
2653:Oklahoma
2633:New York
2608:Nebraska
2598:Missouri
2583:Michigan
2573:Maryland
2558:Kentucky
2538:Illinois
2513:Delaware
2503:Colorado
2493:Arkansas
735:case law
691:case law
597:Text of
518:See also
514:(2005).
416:Decision
327:Majority
226:9th Cir.
208:F. Supp.
2822:Florida
2785:Economy
2723:Wyoming
2698:Vermont
2603:Montana
2543:Indiana
2523:Georgia
2518:Florida
2488:Arizona
2478:Alabama
623:Findlaw
506:Midkiff
483:Midkiff
241:Holding
215:D. Haw.
82:scholar
2910:Zoning
2895:Racism
2868:Policy
2658:Oregon
2613:Nevada
2553:Kansas
2528:Hawaii
2483:Alaska
2471:States
2418:(2024)
2410:(2024)
2402:(2023)
2394:(2021)
2386:(2021)
2378:(2019)
2370:(2017)
2362:(2015)
2354:(2013)
2346:(2013)
2338:(2012)
2330:(2010)
2322:(2005)
2314:(2005)
2306:(2005)
2298:(2003)
2290:(2002)
2282:(2001)
2274:(1998)
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2082:(1956)
2074:(1954)
2066:(1951)
2058:(1949)
2050:(1946)
2042:(1945)
2034:(1935)
2026:(1929)
2018:(1923)
2010:(1923)
2002:(1922)
1994:(1921)
1986:(1917)
1978:(1913)
1970:(1897)
1962:(1893)
1954:(1885)
1946:(1885)
1938:(1884)
1930:(1875)
1922:(1833)
1889:(2024)
1881:(2022)
1873:(2020)
1865:(2017)
1857:(2015)
1849:(2013)
1841:(2011)
1833:(2001)
1825:(2001)
1817:(1998)
1809:(1995)
1801:(1990)
1793:(1987)
1785:(1986)
1777:(1984)
1769:(1981)
1761:(1980)
1753:(1980)
1745:(1980)
1737:(1979)
1729:(1979)
1721:(1979)
1713:(1978)
1705:(1977)
1697:(1977)
1689:(1977)
1681:(1977)
1673:(1976)
1665:(1976)
1657:(1976)
1649:(1976)
1641:(1976)
1633:(1976)
1625:(1975)
1617:(1975)
1609:(1974)
1601:(1973)
1593:(1973)
1585:(1972)
1577:(1971)
1569:(1964)
1561:(1954)
1553:(1938)
1545:(1935)
1537:(1927)
1529:(1923)
1521:(1908)
1513:(1857)
1474:(2022)
1466:(2013)
1458:(2012)
1450:(2011)
1442:(2011)
1434:(2010)
1426:(2010)
1418:(2010)
1410:(2009)
1402:(2004)
1394:(2004)
1386:(2004)
1378:(2003)
1370:(2000)
1362:(2000)
1354:(1999)
1346:(1991)
1338:(1990)
1330:(1988)
1322:(1985)
1314:(1981)
1306:(1974)
1298:(1970)
1290:(1969)
1282:(1966)
1274:(1965)
1266:(1957)
1229:(1969)
1221:(1969)
1213:(1966)
1205:(1947)
1197:(1937)
1189:(1885)
1170:(2022)
1162:(2019)
1154:(2016)
1146:(2004)
1138:(1985)
1130:(1978)
1122:(1970)
1114:(1959)
1106:(1922)
1087:(1932)
1068:(2012)
1060:(1982)
1052:(1976)
1044:(1971)
1036:(1824)
1017:(2023)
1009:(1993)
1001:(1992)
993:(1990)
985:(1976)
977:(1833)
958:(2024)
950:(2016)
942:(2013)
934:(1978)
926:(1970)
918:(1962)
910:(1906)
902:(1896)
894:(1834)
875:(1993)
867:(1992)
859:(1990)
851:(1932)
811:(2002)
803:(1962)
795:(1922)
787:(1900)
779:(1896)
771:(1887)
763:(1884)
749:Clause
653:
647:
644:
638:
635:
632:Justia
629:
626:
620:
617:
611:
488:Kahala
312:
310:·
308:
300:
298:·
296:
288:
286:·
284:
276:
274:·
272:
206:, 483
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
2935:YIMBY
2920:NIMBY
2688:Texas
2568:Maine
2533:Idaho
1178:Other
605:
549:
232:
199:Prior
89:JSTOR
75:books
2744:Guam
2693:Utah
2648:Ohio
2548:Iowa
607:U.S.
551:U.S.
499:Oahu
490:and
234:U.S.
219:F.2d
175:more
167:U.S.
165:467
61:news
603:467
554:229
547:467
230:464
222:788
170:229
44:by
2954::
601:,
581:38
579:.
545:,
211:62
188:94
2455:e
2448:t
2441:v
722:e
715:t
708:v
681:e
674:t
667:v
224:(
213:(
178:)
172:(
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
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