298:, Oʻahu during a science dive studying deep invertebrates. The aircraft was videoed, surveyed, and subsequently its history was researched. The discovery kick-started a side program within the lab to continue the documenting the wreck sites of the various aircraft, ships, submarines, automobiles, and other miscellaneous remnants of Hawaiʻi's past that the submersibles encountered. HURL has since surveyed and researched more than 140 such sites. Nearly all of these were found during each year's 3 preseason test and training dives. A number of these artifacts have been found to be of significant historic value, such as the Ward's midget submarine and the mysterious “3-Piece” midget submarine that took part in the
240:(KOK). By returning to operating of the LRT-30a, the lab was able to reduce their day rate by nearly 70%, thus making them more attractive to potential customers. HURL continued to operate through the 2013 and 2014 dive seasons logging another 46 dives. Maritime Heritage and documentary dives contributed more needed financing, but it was evident that the University of Hawaiʻi would be unable to financially carry the program for any duration without more outside support. By January 1, 2015, nearly all of HURL's staff had been let go leaving only a few personnel to maintain the two submersibles.
283:
205:
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183:), which launched HURL's science dive program on July 14, 1981, with its first dive into the Oak Crater in Eniwetok Atoll. This three-month long expedition included scientists from the Defense Nuclear Agency, Lawrence Livermore Labs, and the Air Force Weapons Agency to conduct research on the effects of nuclear testing. Since 1981, they spent nearly 9,000 hours underwater around the
27:
353:
Oahu. More than 100 of this particular type of bomb have been observed and several were selected for survey. Samples were collected from the sediment, water, and marine life in the immediate vicinity of these bombs. Other conventional weapons, and areas void of ordnance, were also surveyed for comparison.
225:
the
University of Hawaiʻi could provide. Anticipating this decline in funding, HURL resurrected some of their old technology by placing their Launch, Recovery, and Transport (LRT) back into service. The LRT-12 and the LRT-30a were submersible pontoon barges, that were used from 1981–1996 to launch the
247:
and the addition of more operations personnel. The project was scheduled for March to July 2016. However, after completing their series of test dives and within two days of their scheduled departure, the project was “put on hold” indefinitely due to “increased tensions in the South China Sea”. In the
340:
era military planes to light engine civilian aircraft that went down in the 1980s and 90's. More than 60 automobiles have been found that were built from 1917 to the mid-1940s
Including military trucks, construction equipment, hand cranked touring cars, and sedans. These vehicles are spread out over
367:
lost off South Oahu in
January 1989. As of 2015, HURL had recovered eleven items from the deep sea with a 100% success rate. The submersibles have also been chartered by several non-academic organizations for various projects that range from pipeline inspections, sewer outfall surveys, cable route
352:
consisted of 16 dives in 2009 and 14 dives in 2012. Although HURL has observed thousands of pieces of ordnance of numerous types over the past decades, the primary weapon of interest for this project was the M41A2 100-pound mustard gas bombs of which it is estimated that 16,000 were disposed of off
224:
At the end of March in 2012, NOAA zeroed out all funding to HURL and closed down its
National Undersea Research Center (NURC, formerly NURP). All program assets owned by NOAA were gifted to the University of Hawaiʻi. The lab continued to operate on residual funding and on what limited funding that
372:
made dives in conjunction with technical divers. The submersible would pinpoint particular sites of interest and deploy a buoy with down line for the divers. This allowed the divers, who had a very limited bottom time, to make the most efficient use of their time on location and conduct operations
336:, and several turn-of-the-century Inter-island steamships have also been located and surveyed. Other artifacts discovered include over 25 WWII era landing craft ranging in size from 30’ LVT's to 330’ LST's, various aircraft as early as four 1931 Keystone PK-1 Seaplanes to WWII and
191:
submarine volcano since 1987 and has analyzed its unique ecosystem and documented the growth of this new
Hawaiian Island including investigation the collapse event in 1996. In 2005, they conducted a five-month expedition from Honolulu, Hawaiʻi to New Zealand along the
196:
arc during which they conducted 78 submersible dives and explored 13 different active volcanoes, 12 of which had never been explored before. In 2011, HURL made the first two-sub dive into Lo’ihi's pit crater for a
1230:; Shjegstad, Sonia M.; Wilkens, Roy; King, James C.; Carton, Geoff; Bala, Deserie; Bingham, Brian; Bissonnette, Martine C.; Briggs, Christian; Bruso, Natalie S.; Camilli, Rich (2016-06-01).
1300:
363:
In addition to its traditional science dive program, HURL has also conducted a number of dives to locate and recover lost vehicles or instruments. This started with the recovery of the
942:. This is the author's personal version of a paper that was published on 2006-05-16 as "Geochemistry, and Earthquake History of Lōʻihi Seamount, Hawaiʻi's youngest volcano", in
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109:
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120:. It is considered one of the more important of the independently run undersea research laboratories in the U.S. HURL operated two deep diving submersibles, the
348:
to conduct an assessment of the chemical weapons disposed at sea after WWII. The Hawaiʻi
Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) project led by
286:
Underwater image of the
Japanese mini sub involved in the attack on Pearl Harbor. It was first discovered by HURL sunk off the south shore of Oʻahu.
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and specializes in supporting scientific ocean research and exploration. HURL is actively involved in monitoring deep-sea ecosystems, including
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In June 2015, a proposed science expedition to China had emerged, allowing HURL to proceed with its required refit on the
261:
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1121:"Students nationwide virtually participate in Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory's 1,000th Pisces submersible dive"
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van
Tilburg, Hans (2002). "Underwater archaeology, Hawaiian style". In Ruppé, Carol; Barstad, Jan (eds.).
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came upon a fully intact
Douglas SBD-5 Dauntless dive bomber. This aircraft was found 213 m deep off
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National
Research Council (U.S.), Committee on Undersea Vehicles and National Need (1996).
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The Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Laboratory was founded in cooperation with U.S. government's
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55:
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https://www.unols.org/sites/default/files/201612desap19.pdfhttp://www.kitv.com/story/3144
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that required more precise dexterity than the submersible manipulator arms can perform.
260:. This successful exploration was immediately followed by two expeditions funded by the
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On March 3, 2009 HURL began a series of dives off South Oʻahu under contract with the
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surveys, and numerous television documentaries. In 2011 and again in 2013, the
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Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Lab Archives. Maritime Heritage Database. Vehicles
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Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Lab Archives. Maritime Heritage Database. Aircraft
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940:"Geology, geochemistry and earthquake history of Lōʻihi Seamount, Hawaiʻi"
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Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Lab Archives. Maritime Heritage Database. Ships
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fall of 2016, new interest in the submersibles led to the first dives on
128:
117:
69:
767:
Mystery of Pearl Harbor. Closing in on the Fate of the Midget Submarines
236:
respectfully before the arrival of University of Hawaiʻi research ship,
1164:
University of Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Lab@SOEST. HURL in Transition.
26:
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documentary and celebrated 1,000 dives with the Pisces submersibles.
77:
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Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Lab Archives. Maritime Heritage Database.
175:(NURP). The University of Hawaiʻi had been donated the submersible
155:
HURL suspended operations after the retirement of the support ship
1181:
Hawaii Undersea Research Lab Archives. HURL Dives 1981 to Present.
281:
211:
203:
1000:
Nichols, C. Reid; Porter, David L.; Williams, Robert G. (2003).
1123:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011-04-05
1102:
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/HURL/science/accomplishments.html
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in 2016 and 2017 consisting of 24 and 53 coral survey dives.
208:
Volcanic vent observatory on Lo'ihi seamount set up by HURL.
854:
The Truth: The Japanese Navy Secret Submarine I-400 Project
1236:
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
938:; De Carlo, Eric H.; Kurz, M.D.; Becker, N. (2005-09-20).
1100:
Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Lab Website. Accomplishments.
1004:. Greenwood Publishing Group Incorporated. p. 206.
171:(NOAA) in 1980. HURL became a regional center in NOAA's
689:
First Shot. The Secret Submarine Attack at Pearl Harbor
108:) is a regional undersea research program within the
1232:"The Hawaii Undersea Military Munitions Assessment"
88:
76:
65:
51:
33:
277:Maritime Heritage Discoveries and Ordnance Surveys
187:. HURL has facilitated the long-term study of the
444:High Frequency Acoustic Recording Package (HARP)
1029:. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 247–266.
1027:International Handbook of Underwater Archaeology
948:School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
848:Discovery Studios Inc., Various Discovery Films
110:School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
1301:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1142:"Submersible Completes 1,000th Dive Off Hawaii"
1051:"Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Lab (HURL) website!"
169:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
434:Science Applications International Corporation
16:American educational undersea research program
1055:Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Lab (HURL) website!
696:Ingo Bauernfeind, Arizona Museum Aossication
8:
19:
20:Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL)
1002:Recent Advances and Issues in Oceanography
510:
380:
25:
18:
159:but may resume operations in the future.
425:Free Vehicle Time-Lapse Camera (YehCam)
1321:Research institutes established in 1980
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783:Japanese Super Sub, Secrets of the Dead
452:Towed Optical Assessment Device (TOAD)
1082:. Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Laboratory
982:
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826:Alien Deep National Geographic Channel
220:submersible collecting a glass sponge.
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7:
1238:. Chemical Munitions Dumped at Sea.
795:Windfall Films/Spy Pond Productions
606:Deep Sea Detectives History Channel
290:On December 6, 1984 the submersible
102:Hawaiʻi Undersea Research Laboratory
907:Undersea Vehicles and National Need
300:December 7th attack on Pearl Harbor
581:Attack of the Japanese Midget Subs
173:National Undersea Research Program
14:
483:Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
93:http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/HURL/
406:Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)
320:, the Japanese fleet submarines
341:a 7-mile span off South Oʻahu.
144:research including documenting
1144:. OurAmazingPlanet. 2011-04-06
944:Chemie der Erde – Geochemistry
885:, Mallison Sadler Productions
358:Salvage & Special Projects
114:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
83:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
1:
1296:1980 establishments in Hawaii
58:, Pacific maritime heritage,
599:Japanese Sub at Pearl Harbor
507:Documentaries involving HURL
1306:Oceanographic organizations
878:National Geographic Channel
817:Alien Deep in 3D (Episode 1
801:Killer Subs in Pearl Harbor
791:National Geographic Channel
742:, Burning Gold Productions
735:National Geographic Channel
262:National Science Foundation
39:; 44 years ago
1337:
1256:10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.04.011
565:Die Tiefsee (The Deep Sea)
558:A&E Television Network
547:Underwater Volcano Hunters
395:Deep Ocean Mapping System
377:Salvage Operations Details
266:Northwest Hawaiian Islands
258:Conservation International
252:and a return visit to the
911:National Research Council
748:Hunt for the Samurai Subs
700:Hawaii Pacific University
683:Shark Entertainment Inc.
250:Cook and McCall Seamounts
24:
721:Termite Art Productions
625:Military History Channel
313:, the cable-laying ship
72:, Hawaiʻi, United States
936:Caplan-Auerbach, Jackie
761:, Wildlife Productions
636:Oh! Friends and Fathers
617:Secrets of Pearl Harbor
216:Manipulator arm on the
981:Cite journal requires
811:Lone Wolf Productions
572:German Television ZDF
554:Investigative Reports
493:University of Hawaiʻi
302:. The giant seaplane “
287:
238:Kai’imi’kai o’ Kanaloa
221:
209:
150:Attack on Pearl Harbor
1311:University of Hawaiʻi
708:Myths of Pearl Harbor
285:
215:
207:
934:Garcia, Michael O.;
870:Drain the Ocean WWII
861:Japanese Television
774:Japanese Television
627:, Discovery Channel
415:US Geological Survey
163:Science Dive Program
157:Kaʻimikai-o-Kanaloa,
142:maritime archaeology
1281:NURC-HURL home page
1248:2016DSRII.128....4E
883:National Geographic
831:National Geographic
759:National Geographic
740:National Geographic
668:Jaws of the Pacific
541:Destination Cinema
497:Instrument Package
199:National Geographic
21:
1107:2018-09-09 at the
662:Moana Productions
646:Asahi Productions
477:November 27, 2012
447:November 28, 2007
439:November 20, 2006
398:November 18, 1984
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148:wreckage from the
60:marine engineering
52:Research type
1316:Geology of Hawaii
1036:978-0-306-46345-7
1011:978-1-57356-406-9
920:978-0-309-05384-6
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717:Discovery Channel
715:Unsolved History
679:Discovery Channel
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472:Time-lapse Camera
409:January 27, 1989
270:Emperor Seamounts
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630:Evergreen Films
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428:August 14, 2006
420:August 11, 1997
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838:Pacific Secrets
727:Drain the Ocean
643:Asahi TV-Japan
610:History Channel
575:Christian Bock
509:
500:August 9, 2013
384:Item recovered
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306:”, the gunboat
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520:Featured on
495:Respirometer
403:
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146:World War II
127:
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105:
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1086:January 25,
112:(SOEST) at
34:Established
1290:Categories
1148:2011-04-10
1127:2011-04-10
1080:"About Us"
1065:2023-08-31
965:2009-06-04
892:References
808:NOVA, PBS
676:Shark Week
393:SeaMarc II
365:SeaMarc II
338:Korean War
310:Bennington
256:funded by
179:(formerly
1264:0967-0645
523:Producer
474:Recovery
296:Koko Head
245:Pisces IV
152:in 1941.
138:fisheries
123:Pisces IV
1242:: 4–13.
1105:Archived
592:Fox News
370:Pisces V
292:Makaliʻi
229:and the
227:Makaliʻi
218:Pisces V
194:Kermadec
177:Makaliʻi
129:Pisces V
118:Honolulu
70:Honolulu
66:Location
1244:Bibcode
485:(ADCP)
436:(SAIC)
346:US Army
181:Star II
89:Website
42: (
1262:
1033:
1008:
917:
514:Title
470:HUMMA
417:Array
332:, and
317:Kailua
231:Pisces
192:Tonga-
189:Lo’ihi
78:Campus
874:2016
858:2015
842:2014
822:2012
805:2010
787:2009
771:2009
752:2009
731:2009
712:2006
693:2005
672:2005
656:2005
640:2005
621:2004
603:2003
585:2002
569:2001
551:1999
533:1991
517:Year
387:Date
334:I-201
330:I-124
326:I-401
322:I-400
134:coral
116:, in
1260:ISSN
1088:2015
1031:ISBN
1006:ISBN
987:help
915:ISBN
864:NKH
777:NKH
537:IMAX
315:USS
308:USS
268:and
126:and
106:HURL
100:The
44:1980
37:1980
1252:doi
1240:128
957:PDF
1292::
1258:.
1250:.
1234:.
1172:^
1157:^
1053:.
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