208:, with the denomination repeated in words at the bottom. The top line read "Hawaiian / Postage" for the 2- and 5-cent values, but "H.I. & U.S. / Postage" for the 13-cent value, reflecting its unusual role of paying two different countries' postage. A thin line surrounded by a thicker line framed the stamp as a whole. All stamps were printed in the same shade of blue on
255:
200:
The stamps went on sale
October 1, 1851, in three denominations covering three rates: the 2-cent stamp was for newspapers going to the US, the 5-cent value was for regular mail to the US, and the 13-cent value was for mail to the US East Coast, combining the 5 cents of Hawaiian postage, a 2-cent ship
266:
sent to New York City bearing the only known use of the 2-cent value on cover, as well as a 5-cent value and two 3-cent US stamps. This is known as the Dawson Cover. It was in a bundle of correspondence shoved into a factory furnace around 1870, but packed so tightly that the fire went out (though
271:
in 1905, then bought by Alfred H. Caspary in
December 1917 for $ 6,100. It has changed hands several more times: the Weill brothers bought it for $ 25,000 in 1957 for Benjamin Dwight Phillips and eleven years later disposed of it from the Phillips collection for $ 90,000, in the 1995 Siegel auction
287:
So soon as Steam or other mail packets under the flag of either of the contracting parties, shall have commenced running between their respective ports of entry, the contracting parties agree to receive at the post offices of those ports all mailable matter, and to forward it as directed, the
288:
destination being to regular post office of either country, charging thereupon the regular postal rate as established by law in the territories of either party receiving said mailable matter, in addition to the original postage of the office whence the mail sent.
300:
J. B. Moore to implement the treaty's mail exchange provision quickly, to support Hawaii's sovereignty against any potential French ambitions in the
Hawaiian Islands. Moore agreed by early December, and the Honolulu Post Office opened on December 21, 1850.
246:, Charles Lampert placed three valuable stamps on an envelope to hide $ 250,000 he had stolen, with accomplices, during WWII but kept for himself. One of these stamps is a 3 cent Hawaiian Missionary intended to represent the rarer 2 cent value.
267:
one side of the cover bears a scorch mark). The factory was abandoned; 35 years later, a workman cleaning the factory for reuse discovered the stuffed furnace, and knew enough about stamps to save the unusual covers. This cover was acquired by
313:, matriarch of a missionary family in Hawaii, were acquired by George H. Grinnell and then sold to dealer John Klemann for $ 65,000. But in 1922, the stamps' authenticity became the subject of a court case, and they were adjudged
215:
Although the stamps were in regular use until as late as 1856, of the four values issued only about 200 have survived (Scott Trepel's census in the Siegel catalog lists 197, but see below), of which 28 are unused, and 32 are on
328:
agreed. Further analysis showed that the ink and paper were consistent with 1850s types. Even so, the Royal
Philatelic Society declared the stamps to be counterfeit. A book detailing their findings was published in 2006 titled
47:
272:
it realized a price of US$ 2.09 million ($ 1.9 million plus 10% buyer's premium), and in 2013 it sold for $ 2.24 million to an
American collector making it one of the highest-priced of all philatelic items.
637:
1053:
1048:
1038:
689:
1058:
646:
309:
In 1920, 43 additional
Missionaries appeared on the philatelic market. They came from a Charles Shattuck, whose mother had apparently corresponded with her childhood friend
239:
rarities). An astonishing lore surrounds this stamp: in 1892, one of its earlier owners, Gaston Leroux, was murdered for it by an envious fellow philatelist, Hector Giroux.
1299:
630:
1120:
1496:
1033:
531:
46:
1073:
866:
1133:
694:
623:
320:
They have been studied on a number of occasions since then, but opinion remains divided. In 1922, experts testified that the
Grinnells had been produced by
366:
1068:
340:
announced that they had acquired 36 of the
Grinnells from the descendants of George Grinnell, and were selling the group "as is" for US$ 1.5 million.
1143:
771:
891:
881:
559:
How to look after your
Collection – A Basic Guide. Based on a paper given at the 87th Philatelic Congress of Great Britain, Derby on 8 July 2005
154:
working in the
Hawaiian Islands. Only a handful of these stamps have survived to the present day, and so they are amongst the great rarities of
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1199:
896:
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404:
1399:
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962:
547:
1470:
1419:
1414:
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sold the same stamp in 1963 the price was $ 41,000, the highest value ever paid for any stamp at that time (even more than the
901:
186:, the first postmaster, was authorized to print stamps for those rates in June 1851, which he did using the printing press of
1440:
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917:
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150:, issued in 1851. They came to be known as the "Missionaries" because they were primarily found on the correspondence of
1275:
1250:
987:
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1404:
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331:
The Investigation of the Grinnell Hawaiian Missionaries by the Expert Committee of the Royal Philatelic Society London
324:
and not by handset moveable type, but in the 1980s Keith Cordrey contended that they were probably typeset, and the
1465:
1364:
1128:
1104:
1000:
861:
223:
The 2-cent is the rarest of the Hawaiian Missionaries, with 15 copies recorded, only one of which is unused. When
1455:
1394:
1255:
967:
846:
232:
179:
1292:
1214:
1184:
1025:
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841:
457:
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had increased greatly. In response, the Hawaiian government established a post office and set postal rates.
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The Dawson cover, shown on the 2002 Souvenir Sheet (Scott 3694) may be evidence of the validity of the 1850
421:
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212:, an extremely thin tissue-like paper prone to tearing; 90% of known Missionaries are damaged in some way.
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293:
204:
The design was very simple, consisting only of a central numeral of the denomination framed by a standard
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280:
1318:
831:
730:
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1005:
972:
502:
224:
188:
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In the early 19th century, mail to and from Hawaii was carried by ship captains on an
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995:
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has commented that they probably would not have survived had they not been.
155:
479:
451:"The Dawson Cover: The Celebrated and Unique Hawaiian 2¢ Missionary Cover"
254:
1096:
71:
755:
565:, Barnet & District Philatelic Society, 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
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sold this unique unused example in 1921 the price was US$ 15,000; when
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619:
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On September 9, 1850, Hawaii's Minister of Foreign Affairs,
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Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States
1049:
List of people on the postage stamps of the United States
1039:
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps
237:"Post Office" Mauritius blue two pence and red one penny
201:
fee, and 6 cents to cover the transcontinental US rate.
1059:
Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps
343:
Many of the surviving Missionaries are repaired, and
503:
US Treaty with the Hawaiian Islands, Dec. 20, 1849.
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1300:Higgins & Gage World Postal Stationery Catalog
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30:For people who were missionaries to Hawaii, see
262:The most valuable of all Missionary items is a
170:basis. By 1849, partly as a side effect of the
690:Alexandria "Blue Boy" Postmaster's Provisional
277:Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation
1074:U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps
631:
530:Paul K. McCutcheon and Herbert A. Trenchard,
27:First postage stamps of the Kingdom of Hawaii
8:
695:United States postmasters provisional stamps
367:Postage stamps and postal history of Hawaii
1338:
1092:
1069:Territories of the United States on stamps
675:
638:
624:
616:
480:"The year in review: top stories for 2013"
279:between the United States and Hawaii as a
36:
772:All Aboard! 20th Century American Trains
1034:Artworks on stamps of the United States
595:. New York: Philatelic Foundation, 1948
382:
1497:Postage stamps of the Hawaiian Kingdom
1200:History of United States postage rates
897:Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932
532:"Grinnell Hawaiian Missionary Stamps"
7:
1400:American Philatelic Research Library
1271:United States Post Office Department
1210:Pneumatic tube mail in New York City
978:List of United States airmail stamps
593:Hawaii, its stamp and postal history
534:, Smithsonian Institution Libraries.
1461:Revenue stamps of the United States
1134:Cardinal Spellman Philatelic Museum
1190:Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee
882:U.S. Parcel Post stamps of 1912–13
422:"The 10 Most Valuable U.S. Stamps"
25:
1410:Rocky Mountain Philatelic Library
1195:Express mail in the United States
963:1918 Curtiss Jenny airmail stamps
700:New York Postmaster's Provisional
611:Missionary stamps - Forgery Study
192:, a weekly government newspaper.
1471:United States Postmaster General
1420:U.S. Philatelic Classics Society
1415:United Postal Stationery Society
1370:Bureau of Engraving and Printing
1175:Apollo 15 postage stamp incident
45:
1266:San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line
940:Statue of Liberty Forever stamp
934:Raising the Flag at Ground Zero
584:Siegel auction catalog for the
326:Royal Philatelic Society London
945:2017 Total Solar Eclipse stamp
918:Distinguished Americans series
887:US Regular Issues of 1922–1931
647:Philately of the United States
420:Ortved, John (June 14, 2018).
362:List of notable postage stamps
101:
32:List of Missionaries to Hawaii
1:
1044:History of Virginia on stamps
1276:United States Postal Service
1251:American Letter Mail Company
792:Breast cancer research stamp
478:Snee, Charles (2013-01-10).
1425:United States Stamp Society
1405:American Philatelic Society
1375:Homer Lee Bank Note Company
923:Elvis Presley Forever stamp
357:Hawaiian Philatelic Society
1518:
1476:United States Post Offices
1466:United States postal notes
1365:American Bank Note Company
1144:National Philatelic Museum
1129:Benjamin Miller Collection
1105:Earliest reported postmark
902:Washington–Franklin Issues
862:Prominent Americans series
405:"More Than Child's Play",
29:
1456:Postal Reorganization Act
1395:American Air Mail Society
1256:Butterfield Overland Mail
1091:
968:1930 Graf Zeppelin stamps
847:Oklahoma Statehood Stamps
842:Norse-American Centennial
674:
606:Missionary stamps history
588:collection, November 1995
390:Post Office in Paradise:
305:The Grinnell Missionaries
233:British Guiana 1c magenta
44:
1349:American stamp designers
1293:The American Philatelist
1215:Postal history of Oregon
1185:Boat Railway Post Office
852:Overrun Countries series
579:Linn's Philatelic Gems 1
458:Siegel Auction Galleries
296:, asked San Francisco's
1001:Dag Hammarskjöld invert
872:Special handling stamps
817:Five cents John Kennedy
751:Western Cattle in Storm
746:Trans-Mississippi Issue
519:Post Office in Paradise
40:Hawaiian "Missionaries"
1149:National Postal Museum
827:Great Americans series
782:Antarctic Treaty issue
395:(retrieved 1 May 2007)
373:References and sources
294:Robert Crichton Wyllie
290:
259:
174:and the settlement of
64:Location of production
1441:American philatelists
1235:U.S. Special Delivery
1139:Florida Postal Museum
1064:Puerto Rico on stamps
797:Celebrate the Century
736:Hawaiian Missionaries
311:Ursula Newell Emerson
285:
283:. Under Article XV,
269:George H. Worthington
257:
140:Hawaiian Missionaries
54:Country of production
18:Hawaiian Missionaries
1446:American postmasters
1220:Railway Mail Service
1165:Air Mail Act of 1925
877:Transportation coils
807:Elvis Presley single
802:Comic Strip Classics
721:1869 Pictorial Issue
666:Henry Thomas Windsor
338:Mystic Stamp Company
333:by Patrick Pearson.
184:Henry Martyn Whitney
172:California Gold Rush
1225:Rural Free Delivery
1016:Pan-American invert
822:Fourth Bureau issue
787:Bicentennial Series
586:Honolulu Advertiser
178:, mail to and from
126:~ÂŁ450,000.00 unused
1451:Postal Service Act
1079:Women on US stamps
892:War savings stamps
857:Presidential Issue
812:Federal Duck Stamp
581:(Amos Press, 1989)
260:
242:In the 1963 movie
206:printer's ornament
78:Date of production
1484:
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1383:
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1328:
1327:
1307:Linn's Stamp News
1087:
1086:
928:Nature of America
517:"Treaty Period",
484:Linn's Stamp News
392:Missionary Stamps
229:Alfred H. Caspary
148:Kingdom of Hawaii
136:
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129:~ÂŁ225,000.00 used
58:Kingdom of Hawaii
16:(Redirected from
1509:
1339:
1313:Minkus catalogue
1180:Barefoot mailman
1170:Air Mail scandal
1119:Collections and
1093:
777:Americana series
741:Lost Continental
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591:Henry A. Meyer.
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281:sovereign nation
258:The Dawson cover
250:The Dawson cover
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93:Nature of rarity
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832:Hanukkah stamps
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731:Columbian Issue
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705:St. Louis Bears
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577:Donna O'Keefe,
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120:Estimated value
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867:Series of 1902
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225:Maurice Burrus
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189:The Polynesian
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144:postage stamps
142:are the first
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837:Liberty Issue
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1285:Publications
1261:Pony Express
1205:Mail jumping
1110:Fancy cancel
1011:Nixon invert
932:
911:21st century
765:20th century
735:
714:19th century
661:Thomas Neale
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505:Aloha Quest.
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487:. Retrieved
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462:. Retrieved
460:. 2013-06-25
429:. Retrieved
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152:missionaries
139:
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104:in existence
67:
1230:Star routes
680:Provisional
563:David Beech
345:David Beech
1491:Categories
1335:production
996:CIA invert
726:Black Jack
489:2014-01-18
464:2013-01-18
431:2019-01-20
378:References
298:postmaster
176:California
162:Background
112:Face value
1358:Companies
1342:Designers
1097:Postmarks
654:Pre-stamp
315:forgeries
156:philately
115:Two cents
96:Few exist
1026:Topicals
955:Airmails
351:See also
196:Issuance
72:Honolulu
1434:Related
1121:museums
756:Z Grill
572:Sources
426:HISTORY
244:Charade
146:of the
83: (
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168:ad hoc
1333:Stamp
454:(PDF)
407:Time,
264:cover
218:cover
988:EFOs
544:ISBN
235:and
138:The
85:1851
81:1851
561:by
102:No.
1493::
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440:^
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107:15
639:e
632:t
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20:)
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